Love and Friendship

Question 1

What increases liking

Answer 1

1. Proximity
2. Familarity (mere exposure effect)
3. Attitude Similarity (brings cognitive consistency)

Question 2

Behaviourist approach

Answer 2

view human nature as striving to maintain cognitive consistency

Question 3

Reinforcement approaches

Answer 3

View human nature as the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain

Question 4

Reinforcement affect model

Answer 4

Model of attraction which states that we like people who are around when we experience a positive feeling

Question 5

Automatic Activation

Faszio

Answer 5

Attitudes that have a strong evaluative link to situational cues are more likely to automatically come to mind from memory

Question 6

Cost reward ratio

Answer 6

part of social exchange theory, according to which liking for another is determined by calculating what it will cost to be reinforced by that person

Question 7

Minimax strategy

Answer 7

we try to minimize the costs and maximize the rewards that result

Question 8

Equity theory

Adams 1965

Answer 8

A special case of social exchange theory that defines a relationship as equitable when the ratio of inputs to outcomes are seen to be the same by both partners

Question 9

Distributive Justice

Answer 9

The fairness of the outcome of a decision - Equity

Question 10

Procedural Justice

Answer 10

The fairness of the procedures used to make a decision - Equality

Question 11

Affiliation

Answer 11

The urge to form connections and make contact with other people

Question 12

Hospitalism

Answer 12

a state of depression and aparthy noted among orphans deprived of close contact with a care giver

Question 13

Attatchment styles

Answer 13

Descriptions of the nature of people´s close relationships, thought to be established in childhood

1. Secure
2. Avoidant
3. Anxious

Question 14

Three-factor theory of love

Answer 14

three components of what we label love

1. cultural determinant that acknowledges love as a state
2. presence of an apporopriate love object
3. emotional arousal

Question 15

Triangle of Love
(Sternberg 1988)
–> important

Answer 15

Three factors are crucial in characterizing different experiences of love

1. Passion
2. Commitment
3. Intimacy
   - -> if all three are present we can speak of consummate love –> the ultimate form of love

Question 16

Social support network

Answer 16

people who know and care about us and who can provide back-up during a time of stress

Question 17

Commitment

Answer 17

The desire and intention to continue an interpersonal relationship

Question 18

Ideal standards model

Answer 18

people who think that their current partner closely matches their image of an ideal partner are more satisfied with their relationship

Question 19

Biochemistry of Love

Answer 19

Love acts like a drug –> same activation in the brain as with cocain
Love is like an obsession –> similar to OCD patients

Question 20

Whom do we fall in love with and why do we kiss

Answer 20

We like people that taset or smell nice to us because we can tast their MHC (major histocompatibility complex)
–> this is complementary in potential partners

Question 21

experiment –> potential partners

t-shirt smelling

Answer 21

Man smelled worn t-shirts of 6 women and rated them on which he liked best
–> he rated the more biologically compatible better

Question 22

What do woman wont in love

Answer 22

Women favor men who indicate an ability (and willingness) to invest & protect  status, social & physical dominance

Question 23

What do men want in love

Answer 23

Men favor women who exhibit signs of fertility  youth, facial & physical attractiveness, waist-to-hip ratio

Question 24

Effect of the Pill

Answer 24

Pill using woman tend to prefer the scent of MHC-similar men and tend to favour more feminized male faces

Question 25

Experiment example: evaluating a stranger when feeling hot and crowded and based on similarity
Griffitt and Veitch

Answer 25

They were asked to fill out a questionnaire in a room with either 3-5 or 12-16 group members and the temperature at either 23 or 34 degrees
–> then they were asked to rate a person on their attractiveness and likability and were shown how similar they answerd

the similar ones were always ranked as more attractive and likeable in either condition but the factory heat and crowding made them seem less attractive then without those factors

Question 26

Experiment Example
Excitement and attraction on a suspension bridge
–> arousal enhances attraction

Answer 26

Men who were walking over the high suspension bridge and for the controle group over a normal bridge were asked by an attractive woman, or a man if they would take part in a survey
–> people on the suspension bridge were by far more likely to call back especially when it was a woman