Aggresion

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Physical or verbal behaviour towards a target, that intends to cause harm, or destroys property.
The target has to be motivated to avoid that behaviour.

Question 2

Violence

Answer 2

Aggression that has the goal of extreme physical harm or death.

Question 3

Psychodynamic theory

Freud

Answer 3

Aggression stems from an ‘Death Instict’ (thanatos) which is in opposition to a ‘Life Instinct’ (Eros)
–> it builds up naturally from body tensions and needs to be expressed.

Question 4

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 4

All frustration leads to aggression and all agression comes from frustration.

Question 5

Excitation transfer

Answer 5

Physical arousal makes it easier to trigger aggression

Question 6

Social learning Theory

Answer 6

1. Modeling –> Tendency for a person to reproduce the actions, attitudes and emotional responses they observe in real life models
2. Direct and indirect rewards –> we acquire behaviour because we or others are rewarded for it

Question 7

Type A personality

Answer 7

Behavioural correlate of heart disease characterised by striving to achieve, time urgency, competitiveness and hostility
–> they behave generally more aggressive and have more conflicts with peers

Question 8

Social Role Theory

Answer 8

Sex differences in behaviour are determined by society rather than one´s biology

Question 9

Sexual Selection Theory

Answer 9

Sex differences in behaaviour are determined by evolutionary history rather than society

Question 10

Catharsis

Answer 10

A dramatic release of pent up feelings

Question 11

Cathartic Hypothesis

Answer 11

Acting aggressively or even viewing aggressive material reduces the feeling of anger and aggression
–> disproven

Question 12

Hostile attribution bias

Answer 12

we have the tendency to value a situationa gainst ourselves

–> can lead to aggression

Question 13

Heat (Aggression)

Answer 13

Heat increases aggression

–> reverse u curve - too much heat slows us down

Question 14

Crowding (Aggression)

Answer 14

leads to Deindividualisation - people lose their sense of socialized individual identity and engage in unsocial/antisocial behaviour

Question 15

General Aggression model

Anderson and Bushman 2002

Answer 15

A model that includes both personal and situational factors and cognitive and affective preocesses that lead to aggressive behaviour

Aggression is a social encounter that follows several steps. It starts with a person with specific characteristics in a particular context. The person and the situation are inputs that influence appraisals (thoughtful or impulsive) via affective, cognitive and arousal routes. The person’s actions then rest on whether the appraisal is thoughtful or impulsive.

Question 16

Cuture of honor

Answer 16

A culture that endorses male violence as a way of addressing threats to reputation or economic position

Question 17

Patriarchal cultures and aggression

Answer 17

Male directe violence is ok but female directed aggression not

Question 18

Subculture of violence

Answer 18

A subgroup of society in which a higher level of aggression/violence is accepted as the norm

Question 19

Machismo

Answer 19

A code in which challenges, abuse and even differences of opinion must be met with fists or other weapons

Question 20

Abuse syndrome

Answer 20

Chronic repitition of violence in some families due to learnt patterns of aggression
–> social learning theory

Question 21

Priming

Answer 21

An implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus
–> activation of accessible categories or schemas in memory that influence how we process new information

Question 22

Desensitisation

Answer 22

A serious reduction in a person´s responsiveness to material that usually evokes a strong emotional reaction

Question 23

Institutional aggression

Answer 23

Aggression that is given formal or informal recognition and social legitimacy by being incorporated into rules and norms

Question 24

Agentic state of thinking

Milgram

Answer 24

A frame of mind to characterize unquestioning obedience, people transfer their personal resposibility to the person giving orders.

Question 25

Types of Aggression

Answer 25

Vebally, Physically, Emotionally, Aggression against property

Question 26

Gate waiter model

Answer 26

Self control as the gate waiter who regulates aggression caused by heat, anger, rejection

“aggression starts where self control stops”

Question 27

Example Albert Bandura and the Bobo doll

Answer 27

When adult acted aggressively towards the doll the children acted aggressively too even when the adult was just seen on a video tape

• -> social learnin theory for aggression
• -> modelling

Question 28

Example Deindividuation

Answer 28

Being part of a grou e.g military uniforms - myLai
or wearing masks
-Ku Klux Klan

Question 29

Example Dehumanization

Answer 29

Vietnam War, my Lai –> people referred to as gooks or subhumans
Nazis-Jews as rats and vermin

Question 30

Exaple to Agentic state thinkin

Milgram experiment

Answer 30

Milgram-electroshocks-testing the unquestioning oobedience

–see also my lai and vietnam war in general

Question 31

Motivational differentiation aggression

Anderson and Bushman

Answer 31

• Proactive: -bodily cold, cognitive focus, to gain (power,money)
• Reactive: -bodily hot, implusive, removeing threat (real or imagined), anger