London & Mumbai (old) Flashcards
Compare water supply in London and Mumbai.
In London all dwellings have safe piped water. The major management issue is one meeting the level of demand. London is located in the driest part of the country. Per capita consumption of water continues to rise.
In Mumbai ;
Nearby lakes collect rainwater that falls on Western Ghats. Present supply is outstripped by rapid urban growth. 60% of the 18 million inhabitants live in slums: and many do not have access to safe, piped water.
Describe waste management problems in London, how does this differ from Mumbai?
The main management problem is how to dispose the increasing amounts of domestic refuse mainly related to the rising consumption of package food and drink. In Mumbai however much waste is simply dumped by the roadside and left to rot. Besides the smell, there are risks to health.
How is London acting on its waste management issues?
With campaigns to recycle paper, plastic and glass.
How is London sewage treated?
Most properties are linked to piped sewage systems, the remainder have septic tanks.
How much solid waste does Mumbai produce?
Mumbai produces more than 5000 metric tonnes of solid waste every day. The municipal corporation is in charge of the disposal of this waste, and evidently cannot cope with this task.
What is the atmospheric pollution like in Mumbai?
There is a very high incidence of chronic respiratory problems, arising from extreme air pollution. The causes of pollution are mainly industries in the eastern suburbs and New Mumbai, garbage burning and insufficient control over emissions levels from vehicles.
Compare the atmospheric pollution in Mumbai to that in London.
Levels have significantly decreased by a series of Clean Air Acts, de-industrialisation and tougher controls on motor vehicle emissions - unlike Mumbai. The incidence of respiratory diseases much reduced during second half of the twentieth century, it is ahead of Mumbai that still has serious medical respiratory issues. The management challenge is to lower pollution to even lower levels.
What are the differences between traffic and transport in London and Mumbai?
Congestion charging has helped to ease traffic congestion in Central London, whereas in Mumbai roads are heavily congested (591 vehicles per km as opposed in the international standard off 300) and their are over 60000 road accident deaths a year.
The main management problem is persuading people to use public transport whereas in Mumbai nearly 90% of commuters use public transport (suburban trains, buses, and ferries) because its cheap and reliable. Car ownership is low and distances to work can be vast.
How are brownfield sites used in London?
Extensive use of brownfield sites in the inner-city ring. Flagship schemes, such as Canary Wharf, have given much publicity to the potential of regeneration. Management problems include dealing with contamination risk and reconsidering whether gardens really are brownfield sites.
How are brownfield sites used in Mumbai?
There is plenty of derelict land - redundant docklands and sites of former cotton mills, but there is little investment for regeneration. Some of the land is occupied by squatter settlements and as such may be regarded as an acceptable temporary use until proper housing can be provided.
What are the problems associated with flooding in London?
Much of London is built on the Thames floodplain. The Thames Barrage offers a degree of protection, but a huge expansion of the city will involve building on the floodplain downstream of the barrage. the 2012 Olympics site in east London is mainly floodplain.
What are the problems associated with flooding in Mumbai?
Very little of the urban area is built on flood plains. The concern is the coast and the clearance of coastal mangroves that have acted as natural barriers form the sea. Urban development in such areas is at particular risk when there is a combination of monsoon cloudbursts and high tides.
