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Urbanisation* > key words > Flashcards

key words Flashcards

1
Q

what does carbon neutral mean?

A

Counteracting and balancing emissions of carbon dioxide by growing plants to act as fuels or planting trees in urban areas to offset vehicle emissions.

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2
Q

What is the meaning of affordable housing?

A

Low-cost and subsided housing that is available to people who cannot afford to rent or buy houses generally available on the open market.

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3
Q

What is the meaning of world city?

A

One of the worlds leading cities- a major node in the complex networks being produced by economic globalisation. The influence of world cities is linked primarily to their provision of financial and producer services.

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4
Q

What is the meaning of counter urbanisation?

A

The movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller settlements and rural areas.

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5
Q

What is the meaning of urban hierarchy?

A

The vertical classification of towns and cities according to a variable such as population size. It is best thought of as a pyramidal structure with many towns at it’s base. Above these is a smaller number of cities, and above these, an even smaller number of regional centres. At the top of the pyramid there is a capital city.

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6
Q

What word describes,
Counteracting and balancing emissions of carbon dioxide by growing plants to act as fuels or planting trees in urban areas to offset vehicle emissions.

A

carbon neutral

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7
Q

What word describes
Low-cost and subsided housing that is available to people who cannot afford to rent or buy houses generally available on the open market.

A

affordable housing

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8
Q

What word describes
One of the worlds leading cities- a major node in the complex networks being produced by economic globalisation. The influence of world cities is linked primarily to their provision of financial and producer services.

A

world city

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9
Q

What word describes

The movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller settlements and rural areas.

A

counter urbanisation

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10
Q

What word describes?
The vertical classification of towns and cities according to a variable such as population size. It is best thought of as a pyramidal structure with many towns at it’s base. Above these is a smaller number of cities, and above these, an even smaller number of regional centres. At the top of the pyramid there is a capital city.

A

urban hierarchy

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11
Q

What is the meaning of waste product?

A

The act of getting rid of, or making safe, the products of an urban areas metabolism.

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12
Q

What is the meaning of deprivation?

A

When a persons well-being falls below a level generally regarded as an acceptable minimum.

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13
Q

What is the meaning of Development?

A

The increased use of resources and technology that leads to a rise in general standard of living of a country. It is usually measured in terms of material wealth.

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14
Q

What is an LDC?

A

Least economically developed country.

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15
Q

What is an LEDC?

A

Less economically developed country.

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16
Q

What is an RIC?

A

Recently industrialised country.

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17
Q

What is an NIC?

A

Newly industrialised country

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18
Q

What is an Urbanisation Pathway?

A

The course followed by all countries as they develop and become more urbanised.

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19
Q

What is an MEDC?

A

More economically developed country>

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20
Q

What is the meaning of Transnational companies?

A

Companies that operate in several countries are called multinational corporations (MNCs) or transnational corporations (TNCs). The US fast-food chain McDonald’s is a large MNC - it has nearly 30,000 restaurants in 119 countries.

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21
Q

What is the meaning of an informal economy?

A

Made up of activities that are not officially recognised but are undertaken by poor people in order to survive.

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22
Q

What is the meaning of garden grabbing?

A

A process undertaken by developers where the gardens of existing houses are sold of as building plots or an old house is demolished to make way for several new dwelling units. The net outcome is raising of house densities and suburban intensification.

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23
Q

What is the meaning of an image?

A

The perceived reputation and/or appearance of an image.

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24
Q

What word describes

Least economically developed country.

A

LDC

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25
Q

What word describes

Less economically developed country.

A

LEDC

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26
Q

What word describes

Recently industrialised country.

A

RIC

27
Q

What word describes

Newly industrialised country

A

NIC

28
Q

What word describes

The course followed by all countries as they develop and become more urbanised.

A

An urbanisation pathway.

29
Q

What word describes a More economically developed country.

A

MEDC

30
Q

What word describes a Companies that operate in several countries are called multinational corporations (MNCs) or transnational corporations (TNCs). The US fast-food chain McDonald’s is a large MNC - it has nearly 30,000 restaurants in 119 countries.

A

TNC

31
Q

What word describes Made up of activities that are not officially recognised but are undertaken by poor people in order to survive.

A

An informal economy

32
Q

What word describes
A process undertaken by developers where the gardens of existing houses are sold of as building plots or an old house is demolished to make way for several new dwelling units. The net outcome is raising of house densities and suburban intensification.

A

Garden grabbing

33
Q

What word describes the perceived reputation and/or appearance of an image.

A

Image

34
Q

What is economic globalisation?

A

The process where the economies of the world are moving closer together and becoming more integrated.

35
Q

What is Post-industrial?

A

term used to describe a set of changes and processes at work since the 1970’s that have transformed cities, economies and societies. The process involves a shift of emphasis from manufacturing.

36
Q

What is the cycle of poverty?

A

The idea that poverty and deprivation are transmitted from one generation to the next, thus creating a self-perpetuating vicious circle.

37
Q

What is multiple deprivation?

A

The term signalling the fact that deprivation is usually a matter of lagging behind in a number of related aspects of life, such as employment, housing, services and health.

38
Q

What is derelict land?

A

An old term for a brownfield site.

39
Q

What is paratransit?

A

An alternative mode of flexible passenger transport that does not follow fixed routes or timetable schedules. Typically vans, minibuses or rickshaws are used to provide paratransit services.

40
Q

what is a risk?

A

An estimate of the likely outcome of some decision or future event. In most cases, the estimate is subject to error.

41
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Improving the quality of life whilst living within the earths carrying captivity.

42
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

Meeting the needs of today whilst not compromising the capacity of future generations to meet their needs.

43
Q

What is need?

A

something you cannot do without such as food or water.

44
Q

What is consumption?

A

The increasing consumption of goods and services that undermine the environment and exacerbates inequalities.

45
Q

What is agglomeration?

A

The clustering of people and their activities around a particular location.

46
Q

What is suburbanisation?

A

The outward spread of an urban area, often at lower densities compared with the older parts of town or city. The decentralisation - of people first and then services and employment - is encouraged by transport improvements. The process is also encouraged by in-migrants settling around the urban fringe.

47
Q

What is Urban regeneration?

A

The revival and modernisation of an old and rundown urban areas.

48
Q

Brownfeild

A

Land that has been used, abandoned and is now awaiting new use.

49
Q

Re-imaging

A

A process where the unfavourable image of an urban area is changed. This is achieved by minimising its negative aspects and promoting it positives.

50
Q

Reurbanisation

A

The movement of people and activities back to the central and inner parts of a town or city.

51
Q

Suburbanisation intensification

A

the process where suburbs become more urban as a result of increasing building densities, introducing non-residential activities and developing remaining open spaces.

52
Q

Urbanised land.

A

The land required to meet the needs of the population of a town or city, that is, land use to supply food, water, and other resources as well as recreational space.

53
Q

What is a megacity?

A

A city or urban agglomeration with a population of 10 million or more inhabitants.

54
Q

What is a function?

A

The main activities of a town or city that are evident as land uses within an urban areas.

55
Q

What is deindustrialisation?

A

The relative or absolute decline in the importance of manufacturing in economy, particularly in cities.

56
Q

What is global shift?

A

The changing distribution of economic activities, particular the movements of manufacturing from MEDC to LEDC cities.

57
Q

what is centralising?

A

The clustering of people and their activities from established centres.

58
Q

What is decentralising?

A

The outward movement of people and activities from established centres.

59
Q

What is exclusion?

A

The shutting out of particular groups of people (e.g. the poor, ethnic minorities) From particular areas or from full participation in society.

60
Q

What is the Brown Adgender?

A

Part of the international drive to make cities and urbanisation more sustainable. Mainly concerned with the living environment and the quality of life slum dwellers. It was one of the outcomes of the Earth summit held in Rio de janeiro in 1992>

61
Q

What is the Earth Summit?

A

The first united nations conference on Environment and development, held in Rio de janerio in 1992.

62
Q

What does threshold mean.

A

The minimum number of people needed to sustain a service.

63
Q

What is the meaning of Quality of life?

A

The general sate or condition of a person or a population living in a given area. It is a broad concept including the quality of health, housing, educational attainment, and public services, ect.., which may be measured to help inform social policy.

64
Q

What is the meaning of social housing?

A

Housing for poorer household, usually provided by the local authorities or housing associates and rented by tenants.

Urbanisation* (11 decks)

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