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CMS and DIPSET > Loire Valley > Flashcards

Loire Valley Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 regional appellations of Muscadet

A

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire (northern appellation, leaner wines, great value in warm years)
Muscadet Cote de Grandlieu(new, very minor, lower quality)
Muscadet Sevre et Maine (major)

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2
Q

What is sur lie and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Sur lie is a classification of wine in Muscadet where the wine must be

  • originated from one of the 3 sub appellations
  • aged on lees over winter
  • bottled directly off the fine lees without filtering between March 1st and Nov 30th the year after harvest.

This adds complexity, richness and a slight sparkle

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3
Q

What is the Jardin de la France?

A

Jardin de la France or garden of France is another term for the Loire valley.

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4
Q

What are the main grapes of the Loire valley?

A

Melon de Bourgogne
Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
Cabernet Franc

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5
Q

What region produces the most white wine in France?

A

The Loire valley. It is also only second in sparkling production after champagne

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6
Q

What is Breton?

A

Breton is the regional term for cab franc

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7
Q

What are the distinct major regions of the Loire valley from west to east (heading inland)?

A 
4 regions
Pay Nantais
Anjou-Saumur
Touraine
The central vineyards
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8
Q

What is considered the optimal ABV of Muscadet and why?

A

12% or lower to show it’s lighter fresher character

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9
Q

What is a basic description of a Muscadet wine?

A 
White
Dry to bone dry
High acid
Neutral
Designed for youthful consumption
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10
Q

What is Hermine d’Or?

A

It is an unofficial labeling term in Muscadet that promotes terroir, ageabillity and quality.

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11
Q

What is Cru Communaux and what kind of wines does it produce?

A

Cru Communaux is high quality labeling term from Muscadet in the Loire valley for Melon Blanc. To qualify wines must,

•Be from specified schist soils
•spend a minimum of 18 months sur lies(longer than sur lie allows for aging)
•Come from the sub regions of Muscadet Sevre et Maine
-Clisson
-Le Pallet
-Gorges
-Chateau Thébaud
-Goulaine
-Monnieres-Saint-Fiacre
-Mouzillion-Tillères
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12
Q

Name the major and 3 minor appellations of Pays Nantais?

A 
Major - Muscadet
Minor -
•Gros Plant du Pays Nantais(can be sur lie)
•Coteaux d’Ancenis
•Fiefs Vendéens
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13
Q

What % of Anjou’s production is rose and what varietal is used?

A

45% of total production is a blended rose dominated by Groulleau

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14
Q

What is the main grape of red wines in Anjou?

A

Cab Franc, this makes up nearly one third of planting’s in the region

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15
Q

Explain the relationship between Anjou and Saumur?

A

Anjou is the region as a whole while Saumur is a major sub region on the eastern border next to Chinon. Anjou AOP is the umbrella term for the region cover red, white, rose and sparkling wines, Saumur wines may label as Anjou but not vice versa

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16
Q

What is Savennières and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Savennières is a north western appellation of Anjou in the Loire valley. On the north bank of the Loire river with a steep southern exposure and unique soil of blue schist with volcanic debris. The 2 sub appellations of Roche Aux Moines and Coulée de Serrant are considered the unofficial grand crus of the area.

Wines are 100% Chenin Blanc, dry and can be austere and rigid in their youth, these wines will develop complexity and honeyed richness with age

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17
Q

What are the 2 unofficial grand crus of Savennières?

A

Roche Aux Moines

Coulée de Serrant(M- owned by Nicolas Joly - rigidly biodynamic producer)

18
Q

Name the 4 major sweet wine appellations of Anjou and their styles?

A

•Coteaux de l’Aubance
•Coteaux du Layon
- harvested in tries(multiple passes through vineyard) wines may be either pure healthy late harvest wines or botrytis affected. Minimum residual sugar is 34g/L so neither appellation reaches the same richness of Sauternes but are more flexible as pairings

•Bonnezeaux (bon-zou)
Often botrytis affected high quality region. Chateau des Fesles is the top producer

•Quarts de Chaume
Entitled to use Grand cru since 2010. Small bands of sandstone and schist on the bank of the layon river. Protected from prevailing winds and covered by morning fog from layon river. Offers the top quality, often botrytis affected wines of the region. Domaine des Baumard and Chateau Pierre-Bise are great producers of Savennières and Quarts de Chaume

19
Q

What is Chaume and what kind of wines does it produce?

A

Chaume is a village appellation of the Coteaux du layon in Anjou that produces sweet wines. At minimum 80g/L residual the wines are rich. The appellation was short lived in 2009 after Quarts de Chaume found the names too similar. After being granted their own grand cru status the appellation of Chaume was allowed to rise to Chaume/Chaume Premier cru.

20
Q

What are the red wine appellations of Anjou?

A

Anjou villages AOP is the red wine appellation and represents great value and quality. These wines are can franc based but many add portions of cab sauv to result in a fuller, more structured wine.

Anjou Villages Brissac AOP is a recent addition that covers the same 10 villages of Coteaux de l’Aubance.

Saumur-Champigny - “the field of fire”, a northeastern area of Saumur with harder limestone, iron rich soils and inflections of shale. Produces light, bright, elegantly floral Cab Franc.

Haut Poitou - Cab Franc and white producing region due south of saumur

Anjou Gamay varietal labeled wine is permitted and offers the lightest red of the region

21
Q

What is Saumur and what kind of wines does it produce?

A

Saumur is the most eastern appellation of Anjou on the border with Chinon. With soft tuffeau limestone soils similar to those of Touraine.

Whites:
Formally allowed to blend sauv Blanc and Chardonnay. Now as of 2016 is 100% Chenin

Reds:
Cab franc, Cab Sauv, Pineau d’Aunis

Rose:
Formally Cabernet de Saumur, now just part of Saumur AOP

Sparkling:
Makes up over half of the production for the region. Labeled as either Saumur AOP sparkling wines or methode traditionnelle Cremant de Loire. Crémant is often the higher quality as it allows blending with grapes from Touraine and Anjou Saumur with fewer restrictions on grape varietals

22
Q

What is Haut Poitou and what kind of wines does it produce?

A

Haut Poitou is an appellation of Anjou in the Loire valley about 50 miles south of Chinon. This area produces whites of Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris and Cab Franc for reds

23
Q

What is Saumur-Champigny and what kind of wines does it produce?

A

Saumur-Champigny (sha-Pi-ny) “field of fire” is a north easterly sub appellation of Saumur in Anjou, Loire valley. The area has a harder and more iron rich limestone soil with inflections of shale. The wines of this region are light, bright and floral Cab Francs

24
Q

From west to east name the major appellations of Anjou

A 
7 appellation 
•Coteaux du Layon 
•Savennières 
•Quarts de Chaume
•Coteaux d’Aubance/Anjou Village Brissac
•Bonnezeaux
•Saumur
•Saumur-Champigny
25
Q

What is Chinon and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Chinon is one of the major age worth Cab franc wine regions of Touraine of the Loire valley. Sitting on top of Tuffeau, clay and Varennes soils the region produces deeper, more complex red wines

26
Q

What are the 2 major unique soil types of Touraine?

A

Tuffeau- a chalky, sandy style of limestone found on the slopes of the region.
(Vin de tuffe - wines from this soil)

Varennes- sandy alluvial soils found close to the river, produce lighter style of wine.

27
Q

What is Bourgueil and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Bourgueil(Bour-gouie) is one of the age worthy cab franc appellations of Touraine in the Loire valley.

The land sits on a split of tuffeau and Varennes soils but the sub appellation of Saint-Nicholas-de-Bourgueil is entirely set on the softer alluvial soils and produce a lighter, softer style of wine

28
Q

What is Vouvray and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Vouvray is an appellation in the centre of touraine in the Loire valley. Producing 100% Chenin Blanc (and some Orbois) wines at a variety of sweetness and sparkling levels usually depending on vintage variation rather than consistent stylistic choice.

Sweetness
Sec, sec-tendre(off dry), Demi sec, moelleux, liqueraux

Sparkling
Still, petillant(slightly sparkling), mousseaux

29
Q

What is Montlouis-sur-Loire and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Moutlouis-sur-Loire is the appellation south of the Loire river opposite Vouvray in the Loire valley. They wines are stylistically similar and it used to be considered one appellation. The wines are generally tighter with higher acidity.

30
Q

What is Vin Gris and what kind of wines does it produce?

A

Vin Gris is a historical style of rose wine made in Touraine. It is a blend of Pinot meunier (called Gris Meunier), Pinot Gris (Malvoisie) and Pinot noir

31
Q

What is the style of Gamay in touraine?

A

Often sold Primeur(wine futures) in the style of beaujolais nouveau

32
Q

What is Touraine Noble-Joue and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Touraine Noble-Joué is the Rose appellation of touraine that recreates the style of vin Gris, a blend of Pinot meunier, Pinot Gris and Pinot noir

33
Q

What is the Coteaux du Loire and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Coteaux du Loire is an appellation of Touraine set in the northern disconnected cluster of appellations called the Loire Tributary outside of the valley. The area produces red and rose wines based on Pineau d’Aunis while the white wines are 100% Chenin.

Jasnieres is a sub appellation that produces only Chenin Blanc and is considered the best expression of the area. These wines are similar to vouvray but show more green and herbaceous character on the nose.

34
Q

What is Coteaux du Vendomois and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

The Coteaux du Vendomois is a appellation of Touraine in the Loire valley set north of vouvray outside of the Loire valley in the Loire Tributary. The region produces wine of all 3 colours but specialises in 100% Pineau d’Aunis dry rose.

35
Q

What is Cheverny and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Cheverny is the north eastern appellation of touraine in the Loire valley. The appellation produces light reds based on Gamay and lean whites based on Sauvignon Blanc.

The sub appellation of Cour-Cheverny is made from the local Romorantin grape in both dry and off dry styles.

36
Q

What is Valencay and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Valençay(va-Lon-cey) is an appellation for both wine and goats cheese in the south east of touraine.

The red wines are based on Gamay, Pinot noir and Cot(Malbec) while the whites are Sauvignon Blanc

37
Q

What are the major soil types of the central vineyards of the Loire valley?

A

Silex- stony soil with a high portion of Flint, held responsible in part for the Gunflint aromatics of pouilly-Fumme

Terres Blanches- continuation of kimmeridgian soil of Chablis

Caillottes- stony soil littered with fossils

38
Q

What are the 2 major appellations of the central vineyards in the Loire? What kind of wine do they produce?

A

Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé. Producing sauv Blanc that is steely, vibrant, mineral laden and herbaceous.

Sancerre is on the West Bank of the Loire river and Pouillon-Fume is on the east.

Some producers have started playing with new oak aging rather than classic steel. Giving wines closer to white Bordeaux than Loire.

Pouilly-Fume is only white
Sancerre May produce a light, high acid Pinot noir

39
Q

What is Pouilly-sur-Loire and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

Pouilly sur Loire is a sub appellation of pouilly fume that produces wines from the Chasselas grape.

40
Q

What are the minor appellations of the central vineyards of the Loire valley and what kind of wines do they produce?

A

6 appellations
•Menetou-Salon- sauv Blanc and Pinot noir, similar to Sancerre

  • Reuilly- sauv Blanc and Pinot noir, best known for roses of vin Gris from Pinot Gris.
  • Coteaux du Giennois- sauv Blanc and reds and roses from Gamay and Pinot noir.
  • Quincy- White wine only
  • Orleans- wines of all 3 colours using high portions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay.
  • Orléans-Cleary(sister appelation)-red wine from solely cab franc
41
Q

What is the IGP of the Lorie valley?

A

Val de Loire

CMS and DIPSET (20 decks)

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