Burgundy Flashcards
What is Fléurie and what kind of wine does it produce?
Fléurie (Fléu-rie) is one of the central Beaujolais crus. Considered one of the most well known crus the wines are complex and age worthy without being overly structured. Can be smooth and fruity if drunk at right time.
Producers- Domaine Chignard, George Duboeuf, Potel Aviron’s old vines
What is batonnage? What affect does it have on the wine?
Batonnage is lees stiring. It is the act of stirring and mixing the lees that has settled in the barrel to create immediate richness and texture. Can be harmful to aging potential of wines.
What is Côte de Beaune AOP and what kind of wine does it produce?
This can be a trick question. The Côte de Beaune AOP is a minor appellation of a few ha of vines on the hills above Beaune village appellation.
What are the villages allowed in Côte de Beaune village wines
The wines are always red
Grapes may come from any village other than Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton and Beaune itself
Where is Fourchaume and what kind of wine does it produce?
Fourchaume (four-shaum) is a top premier cru of Chablis east bank almost directly north of Chablis township. The wines here are known for having rounded lemon flavours but retain fresh minerality.
The area contains the sub climats:
L’Homme Mort (La Mor)
Vaulorent (Vau-la-ron)
Vaupulent (Vau-pul-on)
Producers: Seguinot-Bordet, Vrignaud, Billaud-Simon, Jean-Claude Bessin, Domain Dampt, Louis Michel, Patrick Piuze
What is Meursault and what kind of wine does it produce?
Meursault is a white wine producing village appellation of the cote de beaune, south of Volnay and north of the Montrachets. Despite having no premier crus the wines are considered some of the Côte d’Ors finest. There is also a tradition of naming village wines by lieu-dit dubbed “deuxièmes crus”. These are still village level wines
Description: rich almost fatty on the pallet with buttery, nutty, honeyed aromas and softer acidity than Puligny.
Producers:
Coche-Dury, Guy Roulot, Comte Lafon
Top Premier crus:
Perrieres (Per-i-er)
Les Genevrieres (Gen-ev-re-ear)
Les Charmes (scharm)
Named Vineyard
Les Narvaux
Les Chevalieres
Where is Vougeot and what kind of wine does it produce?
Vougeot (Vou-sjoe) is a small village AOP in the Côte de Nuits, on the east of Nuits Saint George south of Chambolle-Musigny and north of Vosne Romanee. The area is 80% covered by its one grand cru Clos de Vougeot. This is the largest grand cru in the Côte de Nuits at 50 ha. The large size and many growers and producers makes the region an easy target for criticism.
1xGrand cru 4xpremier crus
Description: violets, small dark fruit, maraschino cherry, black current and develops underbrush, fallen leaves and truffle with age. Balance of acid and chewiness
Grand crus:
Clos de Vougot
Name the Grand crus of Vougeot
1xGrand cru
Clos de Vougeot
Where is Chambolle-Musigny and what kind of wine does it produce?
Chambolle-Musigny is a Burgundian village AOP in the middle of the Côte de Nuits where it produces the most delicate, pleasurable and silky charming Pinot noirs.
2x grand crus, 24x premier crus
Description: Violets, small red fruits, develops spice red fruits, prune, truffle, underbrush and animal notes
Producers:George de Vogüé, Ghislaine Barthod, Georges (& Christophe) Roumier, Perrot-Minot
Grand Crus:
Musigny(only white grand cru in Nuit)
Bonnes Mares (Bone mar) - mostly in Chambolle-Musigny but stretches into Morey-Saint-Denis
Noteworthy Premier crus:
Les Amoureuses
What is Poilly Fuisse and what kind of wine does it produce?
Poilly fuisse is the top village appellation of the Macannais. Centred between the 2 halves of Saint Veran in the far south of the region. The name is misleading as there is no village of the name the region is made up of 4 villages of Chaintré, Vergisson, Fuisse and Solutré Fussie. The appellation is also the largest in production for all of burgundy at over 5 million bottles per year
Description
Defined by its Smokey character that does not come from oak or any wine making process. The wines deliver quality consistently, frequently with a bouquet of citrus and zesty apple in unoaked examples and honeyed pear, pineapple, nutty and buttery in Oakes examples. Can also be defined as spice and ginger
What is deuxièmes crus?
The long held tradition in meursault to label village wines after lieu-dits (small traditionally named areas or vineyards.)
What is Mercurey and what kind of wine does it produce?
Mercurey (mer-cu-Rey) is a village appellation in the Côte Chalonnaise, burgundy. Often considered the best combination of value and quality of the Côte Chalonnaise. Does produce a lot though as it accounts for 2/3rds of the entire Côte Chalonnaise
Descriptions
White- 20% of production, hailed as creamy, buttery and spicy, almost Meursault in character but lacking in intensity and focus.
Red- lighter red fruit that can vary in silky to rustic in character but all possess a gamy richness shows through seen as the hallmark of the region.
Where is Clos de tart and what kind of wine does it produce?
Clos de Tart (tar) is a grand cru monopole in Morey-Saint-Dennis. The area is owned by Artemis, a holding company of French billionaire François Pinault. Formally owned by Mommessin
Only grand cru in Côte de Nuits with vines running north to south rather than east to west
What is a climat?
Burgundian specific term for vineyard site, synonymous with cru.
What is Régnie and what kind of wine does it produce?
Régnie (re-nie) is one of the more southern crus of Beaujolais. The most recent cru added to Beaujolais, the wine are fruity and fairly simplistic
Producers- Jean-Marie Burgaud, Georges Duboeuf, Domaine Rochette
What is Auxey-Duresses and what kind of wine does it produce?
Auxey-Duresses (Aussey -Du-ress) is a village appellation in the center of the cote de beaune. With saint roman to the north west, Volnay to the north, meursault to the west and saint Aubin to the south the region is at the heart. At the mouth of the Valley that runs through saint Romain the region is one that receives just enough sun to ripen grapes most years.
Descriptions
Whites: fresh almond and apple, biscuit and Gunflint, springy on pallet when young, Fuller and meatier with age.
Red- small blackberried fruit (black current,black berry, bilberry, and floral(peony). May be astringent in youth but mellows and texture becomes velvety
Where is Bougros and what kind of wine does it produce?
Bougros (Bou-gro) is grand cru Chablis that is located on the most western side of the slope.
Description: more rounded and less austere than other grand crus. More accessible when young. Wines can have a subtle earthiness due to the soil being richer in calcium carbonate.
Producers: William Fevre, Domaine du Colombier, Guy Robin, François Servin
What is Santenay and what kind of wine does it produce?
Santenay is a village appellation in the very southern border of the Côte de Beaune. Between Chassagne Montrachet and Maranges. Mainly a red wine producing region that makes wines of floral, red fruits and liquorice. Firm tannins, supple body.
Where is Morey-Saint-Denis and what kind of wine does it produce?
Morey-Saint-Denis is a burgundian village AOP in the middle of the Côte de Nuit between Gevrey-Chambertin and Chambolle-Musigny. The wines are said to be a meeting of the two polarised styles.
5x Grand Crus and 20x Premier crus
Description-blackberry, bilberry, red cherry, violets, bramble and liquorish. Older examples show wildwood, game, leather, moss and truffle. Muscular structure and round tannins.
Producers: Domaine Dujac, Domaine Ponsot.
Grand Crus
Clos des Lambrays(Clos de Lam-bre)
Clos de la Roche (rosh)
Clos Saint-Denis
Bonne Mare (bone mar) - only small section as rest is in Chambolle-Musigny
Clos de Tart(Tar) -monopole owned by Artemis(French billionaire François Pinault) formally owned by Mommessin
What is the difference in the aspect directions of the CÔTE de Nuits and the CÔTE de Beaune?
Nuits faces east
BEAUNE faces south east
Where is Chorey les Beaune and what kind of wine does it produce?
Chorey les beaune (shor-ey) is a village appellation in the northern cote de Beaune. Just south of aloxe corton, south west of Savigny-les beaune and north of Beaune AOP
Descriptions
White- white flowers, hazelnut and lemongrass. Lively in youth but quickly acquire smoothness, length and lusciousness.
Red- light and supple with moderate tannins. Dark in colour, small red and black fruits with liquorish and underbrush. Develops strawberry preserves and gingerbread with animal and leather.
Where is Savigny les Beaune and what kind of wine does it produce?
Savigny Les Beaune (Sav-in-ne) is a village appellation in the north west corner of the cote de beaune. 22 Premier crus
Descriptions
Whites- flowery and light hearted, bouquet of butter, brioche, lemon, grapefruit, occasional minerality. Straight forward wine
Red- small red and black fruits with violets. Ample body, discreet tannins. Morello cherry
What are the differences between northern and southern Beaujolais?
Northern Beaujolais is mostly planted on the granite hillsides of the monts de Beaujolais, resulting in a riper, fuller bodied, more complex wine. This area contains the 10 crus of Beaujolais.
Southern Beaujolais is is flatter with clay based soils that are flatter. Entry level Gamay and over half of the production is nouveau. Some good Chardonnay is grown here.
Where is Blanchot and what kind of wine does it produce?
Blanchot (Bla-scho) is grand cru Chablis that is the most south eastern of the grand cru slope. This is the only part of the slope that faces southeast rather than south west. These wines are considerably lighter in style than other Grand Crus with less aging potential. Often last harvested.
Description: Less fruit and more citrus dominated with special mention of grapefruit and minerality
Producers: Domaine Laroche, Vocoret, Long-Depaquit, François Servin, François Raveneau
What is the typical time a top Burgundian white wine (Côte d’Or) will remain in barrel
At least one year
Where is Vosne Romanee and what kind of wine does it produce?
Vosne Romanee(Vone ro-man-aye) is a village AOP in the Côte de Nuits, north west of Nuits Saint George and south of Vougeot. It’s wines are considered some of the best, along with, if not surpassing those of Gevrey-Chambertin and Chambolle-Musigny. The best wines show precision and finesse yet maintain richness. 6 Grand crus and 4 are monopoles. All premier crus except the monopole Clos de Reas touch grand cru sites. 6x Grand crus 14x premier crus
Description: ripe fruit over spices, strawberry, Black current or bilberry that will age into fruit preserved in brandy, leather, fur, gamey and woodland scents. Velvety and distinguished, may need bottle age to achieve fleshy texture, full body and structure.
Producers: Romanee-Conti, Comtes Liger-Belair, Domain Leroy, Anne Gros, Jean Grivot, Meó Camuzet, Sylvian Cathiard, Henri Jayers heir apparent Emmanuel Rouget
Grand crus:
La Romanée - Monopole - Comtes Liger-Belair
La-Tache - Monopole - domaine de la Romanée Conti
Romanée Conti - Monopole - domaine de la Romanée Conti
La Grand Rue - Monopole - Domaine François Lamarche
Richebourg (Rish-bour)
Romanée Saint Vivant(Vi-vo)
Top Premier Crus
Les Suchots (Le su-scho)
Les Beaux Monts (Le bone mon) can be spelled Beaumonts
Aux Malconsorts (au-mal-con-sor)
Cros Parantoux (Clo par-aun-to) made famous by Henri Jayer
What are the two satellites of Poilly fuisse? Which is larger? Which is higher quality?
Poilly loche and Poilly Vinzelles
Poilly Vinzelles is larger and more revered for its quality.
What is the typical time for a top Burgundian red wine to remain in barrel?
15-18 months
How was the 2017 vintage in Burgundy? Red and white?
Whites - Frosts in Chablis, what survived made great wine, higher acid due to cold nights and warm days.
Reds - Great harvest, fruity reds with soft tannins
Name the Grand crus of Morey-Saint-Denis
4-5xgrand crus Clos de Lambrays Clos de la Roche Clos St Denis Clos de tart(tar)-Mp- owned by Artemis/François Pinault Bonne Mares(small amount)
What is Corton and what kind of wine does it produce?
Corton is the only Grand cru that is able to produce both red and white wine in the Côte de Beaune. It is 160ha and is commonly attacked for a major variation in quality due to its massive size. The region is almost entirely red wine producing.
Descriptions:
Red: spring garden with small red and black fruits that develop with age to peony, jasmine, preserved and brandy fruits, pistachio, leather and truffle. Full bodied and robust, may need 3-5 years cellaring.
The rare whites are opulent and broad but never as focused as Montrachet
What is the largest village in the Côte de Nuits?
Gevrey Chambertin at 400ha of vines
Where is Richebourg and what kind of wine does it produce?
Richebourg(rich-bour) is a grand cru vineyard of Vosne Romanée in the CÔTE de Nuits, Burgundy.
Where is Montmains and what kind of wine does it produce?
Montmains (mon-ma) is one of the most well known Chablis premier cru sites of the left bank to southwest of Chablis township. It’s known for producing a leaner, lighter expression of Chablis as the kimmeridgian soils are particularly stoned and shallow. With rapidly draining soils and high levels of limestone with low fertility, grapes are low in yield and high in concentration.
The area also contains the premier crus of Foret (For-a) - middle vineyard, slightly more clay so more minerality.
Butteaux (Bu-toe) -most western, taut, steely, stonefruit and apple.
Producers: Alain Besson, Jean Collet, Louis Michel, William Fevre, Denis Race, Raveneau, Jean-Claude Bessin
Where is Clos Saint Jacques and what kind of wine does it produce?
Clos saint Jacques is a highly acclaimed premier cru in Gevrey Chambertin. It was passed over for grand cru status in 1936 as it’s borders did not touch Chambertin. It’s wines often outperform many of the regions grand crus.
Description: dark in fruit and colour, the wines are muscular, concentrated and weighty with brooding structure. Develop gamey, leather and liquorish notes with age
Producers: Armand Rousseau, Bruno Clair, Fourrier, Louis Jadot, Sylvie Esmonin
What are the 5 village AOPs of Maconnais? (North to south)
Viré Clessé (Vir-e Cle-se-a) Saint Veran (san Ver-ho) Pouilly-Loché (Poi-is Lo-che) Pouilly-Fuisse (Poi-ie Fu-se) Pouilly-Vinzelles (Poi-is Va-zel)
What is the term for Burgundian red or rose field blends? What are the requirements?
Bourgogne pass to gran)
Bourgogne passé-tout-grains AOP Pinot noir and gamay must make up 30% and 15% of the blend and the 2 grapes must be vinified together. Red is more common than rose
Where is Les Armoureuses and what kind of wine does it produce?
Les armoureuses (les armour-us) is the highly regarded premier cru of Chambolle-Musigny. The name is an indication of love and it is reflected in the intense bouquet of the wine
Description: delicate, flowery and gentle with a silky charm. Red fruits, violet and roses.
What is Saint-Amour and what kind of wine does it produce?
Saint Amour is the most northern cru of Beaujolais, wines from this region are earthy, sometimes dark. After a year or 2 can open up to be quite juicy.
Producers- domaine Billard, Domaine des Champs, Georges Duboeuf
Why was Gamay not allowed to be grown in burgundy and when was this decided?
In July 1395, Philip the bold, duke of burgundy declared that the wine’s “very great and terrible bitterness” character was “injurious to the human creature” and it was “an evil and disloyal plant” and that is should be “extirpated, destroyed and reduced to nothing”
What is Viré Clessé and what kind of wine does it produce?
Viré Clessé (Vir-e Cle-se-a) is the most northern village appellation of the Maconnais burgundy. Although the most northern village it is in the centre of the region. The region is only Chardonnay and despite a relatively high level of quality wines from this region can be anything from rich buttery and Smokey to lean and mean.
Where is Gevrey Chambertin and what kind of wine does it produce?
Gevrey Chambertin is a Burgundian village in the northern Côte de Nuits and is home to some of the greatest Pinot noir in Côte d’Or.
9 Grand Crus and 26 premier crus
Description: wines are muscular, brooding and structured, showing concentration, weight, Black fruit and some of the darkest colour in the Côte d’Or. Maturity brings liquorish, leather, fur and games notes
Producers:Armand Rousseau, Claude Dugat, Jean-Marie Fourrier.
Grand Crus: 2x Major- Chambertin Chambertin Clos de Bèze (Bèz) 7x second tier grand crus- Chapelle-Chambertin(cha-pel) Charmes-Chambertin(Sharm) Griotte-Chambertin(Gri-ot) Latriceires-Chambertint(La-tric-ci-er) Mazis-Chambertin(ma-zi) Mazoyeres-Chambertin (Ma-zil-year) Ruchottes-Chambertin (Ru-shot)
1 extremely important premier cru
Clos saint Jacques.
Name the Grand crus of Vosne Romanée?
- La Romanée -Mp- Comtes Liger Belair
- La Grand Rue-Mp- Domaine François Lamarche
- La Tâche-Mp- DRC
- Romanée Conti-Mp-DRC
- Richebourg(Rush-bour)
- Romanée Saint Vivant(Vi-vo)
What is Corton-Charlemagne and what kind of wine does it produce?
Corton-Charlemagne is one of the 2 smaller grand crus in the northern Côte de Beaune shared by Aloxe-Corton, I-Serrigy and Pernaud-vergelesses.
Description: it produces white wines of good quality that shows opulence and broadness but lacks the concentration and depth of Montrachet.
What is the traditional barrel size and name in burgundy?
Pièce -228L although some producers are now using larger barrels particularly in aging whites
Where is Clos des Lambrays and what kind of wine does it produce?
Clos des Lambrays (lam-bray) is a grand cru vineyard in Morey-Saint-Denis that is owned 99% by Domain des Lambrays but is missing small pockets on the side stoping it from becoming a monopole
Where is Bonne Mares and what kind of wine does it produce?
Bonne Mares(bone mar) is a Grand cru vineyard in the Côte de Nuits that is mostly situated in Chambolle-Musigny but does extend into Morey Saint Denis.
Description:rich and fleshy, the wines are mouth filling and structured rather than flowery. Aromas of violet, humus and underbrush. The wines can age up to 30-50 years. While the Morey side has more roundness and the Chambolle side has more delicacy, they all have delicate tanic power.
Who is Henry Jayer?
Burgundian wine maker who advocated and popularised total desteming in the late 1970s but in modern era the style has swung back the other way.
What is Santenots and what kind of wine does it produce?
Santenots (san-ten-o) is a Premier cru AOP that is located in Meursault but red wines produced from this region may be labeled as premier cru Volnay.
What is the difference is soil between Chablis and Petit Chablis?
Petit Chablis is generally on cooler sites with portlandien limestone. A younger rock that is a purer form of limestone that does not have the same complexity or fossil residue as the kimmeridgian marl that it covers
What is Saint Aubin and what kind of wine does it produce?
Saint Aubin is a village appellation in the centre of the Côte de Beaun. West of Meursault and north of Chassagne Montrachet and Santenay the area is known for being of higher elevation and being more apart of the haut so the wines here are often greener and more acidic in style
Producers - PYCM
How do the Montrachet grand crus orientate themselves around Montrachet?
Montrachet - Shared Batard Montrachet (below)- shared (Ba-tar) Chevalier Montrachet (Above)- Puligny (Chev-a-Li-er) Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet( south east below batrad Montrachet)- Puligny (Bier-ve-nu Ba-tar) Criots-Batard-Montrachet - (south west, west of batard Montrachet) Chassagne (Crio Ba-Tar)
Where is Valmur and what kind of wine does it produce?
Valmur is Chablis Grand Cru situated just northwest of les Clos. Loved for its racy yet elegant qualities.
Description: Steely, dense and powerful, considered one of the best expressions of Chablis, muscular minerality.
Producers: Jean-Claude Bessie, Guy Robin, Christian Moreau, François Raveneau
In red wine production which region of the Côte d’Or is normally lighter?
Côte de Beaune despite its more southerly location
Name the three communes that split Corton, Corton-Charlemagne and Charlemagne
Aloxe-Corton (A-lox cor-ton)
Ladoix-Serrigny(Lad-wa)
Pernand-Vergelesses(Per-no Ver-ge-less)
What is the smallest grand cru in Côte de Nuits?
La Romanée - a Monopole vineyard owned by Comtes Liger-Belair at only .85 ha
What is Chénas and what kind of wine does it produce?
Chénas (Che-nas) is one of the most northern Beaujolais crus. This small cru makes powerful gamays that often need some age to open up but can become complex
Producers- Domaine Duboeuf, LaPierre, Sancy, Trichard
How many premier crus are there in burgundy?
640
What is the average maximum elevation of the Côte d’Or?
400-500m
What are the flavours associated with carbonic and semi carbonic maceration?
Bubblegum, banana and pear drop, although these maybe yeast or youthful flavours.
Wines of this style will often be fruity and highly floral often exhibiting a softer tannin structure.
What is the typical % of new oak a grand cru burgundy may be treated to?
50-100% although this heavily depends on producer
Where is Grand-Echezeaux and what kind of wine does it produce?
Grand-Echezeaux is a grand cru appellation in the Côte de Nuit region that is just east of Vosne Romanée. The grand cru is attached to the village of flagey but there is no village appellation of flagey-Echezeaux. This grand cru is smaller than Echezeaux and is held in much higher regard.
Description: rose,violet, cherry, in youth and develops animals, spice, underbrush and prune that then becomes musk, leather, fur and mushroom. Supple tannins and fully rounded flavour. Wines may need 4-5 years in bottle
What is the river that runs through Chablis
Serein
What is Juliénas and what kind of wine does it produce?
Juliénas (Ju-li-en-as) is one of the more northern crus of Beaujolais. The wines are more structured and tannic gamay. Rich spicy and earthy. Wines get better with a few years of age.
Producers- Domaine du Clos du Fief, Georges Duboeuf, Domaine Pascal
How many grand crus are in the Côte de Nuits?
24
