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French Wine Scholar > Loire Valley > Flashcards

Loire Valley Flashcards

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1
Q

Loire River starts and ends

A

Mont Gerbier de Jonc to coast

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2
Q

Fines Bulles

A

Fine Bubbles,
Petillant, Mousseux, crémant
Loire

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3
Q

Where is Volcanic Loire?

A

Upper Loire but only 2 of 4 apps have Volcanic soil:
Cote Roannaise
Cote de Forez

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4
Q

What happened to Francois Chidaine and Domaine de la Taille Aux Loups?

A

Vouvray decreed in 2013 that wine must be vinified within boundaries shutting out its 2 top producers

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5
Q

Which region was dividing point between Latin South and Celtic/Germanic North?

A

Loire

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6
Q

Where did Joan of Arc go to convince Charles VII to accept the French Crown?

A

Chinon

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7
Q

What varietal did the Dutch plant in the Loire

A

Folle Blanche for Brandewijn

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8
Q

Loire root meaning

A

Liger, = silt/sediment

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9
Q

What are gabarres/sapines/auvergnates?

A

Flat bottom boats traveling Loire to Nantes. On arrival they were disassembled for building material

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10
Q

Longest river in France?

A

Loire

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11
Q

What are the 3 major landforms in the Loire Valley

A

Massif Amoricain- Pays Nantais & Anjou
Paris Basin- Central Loire
Massif Central- Upper Loire

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12
Q

Most planted varietal Loire?

A

CF

SB for white

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13
Q

Most common vine training Loire

A

Cordon & guyot

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14
Q

Pinot Gris pseudonym Loire

A

Malvoisie

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15
Q

Large IGP of Loire

A

Val de Loire IGP (Vin de Pays du Jardin de la France)

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16
Q

What rivers bisect Muscadet

A

Sèvre & Maine

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17
Q

Soils of Pays Nantais ( Lower Loire)

A

Volcanic, igneous, metamorphic (porous soils)

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18
Q

Muscadet AOC

A

sub-regional
Allows CH up to 10%
Sur lie DISALLOWED!
SMALLER PRODUCTION THAN MUSCADET SEVRE ET MAINE

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19
Q

Muscadet Sevre et Maine, Gros Plant du Pays Nantais “Sur Lie” legal meaning

A

Bottled between March 1st- Dec 31st (so longer lees aging disqualifies, like for Muscadet Sevre et Maine DGC’s)

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19
Q

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine

A

75% of production

90% of production= sur lie

9 DGC- longer minimum sur lie requirements but CANNOT put “sur lie” on the label

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20
Q

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC

A

Smallest and furthest from the sea
Hillsides

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21
Q

Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu

A

SW of Nantes along Lake Grand-Lieu
Flat.

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22
Q

of Appellation Pays Nantais

How many DGC’s for Muscadet Sevre et Main

A

9

NO SUR LIE ON LABEL (Requires longer Sur lie Aging)

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23
Q

Pays Nantais, where do you find Gamay?

A

Coteaux d’ Ancenis AOC & Fiefs Vendeens AOC

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24
Q

Largest territory of Loire Valley?

A

Middle Loire

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25
Q

Middle Loire W-East

A

Anjou (Angers)
Saumur
Touraine

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26
Q

Tuffeau

A

Turonian Chalk
Chalk/Limstone

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27
Q

Soils of Middle Loire

A

W- Black Anjou- dark schist and sandstone

E- White Anjou- tuff eau

Difference reflected in color of stone buildings in each area.

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28
Q

Saumur known for what style of wine. Why?

A

Sparkling
Tuffeau & permitted yields for Mousseux are higher than for Cremant de Loire

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29
Q

La Douceur Angevine

A

Sweet Anjou- describes climate around Angers and south of it. under oceanic influence but not near the sea. Great weather.

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30
Q

Anjou AOC

A

-Covers Saumur and Anjou- over 150 villages
-More red wine
-Reds= CF, CS, Grolleau, Pineau d’Aunis
-Whites = CB + small CH & SB

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31
Q

Mousseux

A

“Frothy” / “Bubbly”

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32
Q

Moelleux

A

“Mellow”. Semi-sweet wines

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33
Q

Anjou Villages AOC

A

Red only

CF+CS (any proportion) but always a blend

46 villages

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34
Q

Anjou Brissac AOC

A

Red only

CF + CS blend

Lower yields than Anjou Village AOC

Forest shelters the village making it warmer and drier

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35
Q

What style of wine is most common in all of Anjou

A

Rosé

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36
Q

Cabernet d’Anjou AOC

A

Rosé only

Same zones Anjou AOC

Min sweetness 10 g/l

CF + CS

Largest volume of 3 Anjou Rose appellations

“onion skin” color

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37
Q

Rose d’Anjou AOC

A

Rose only

Same zone as Anjou AOC

min 7 g/l

Grolleau Gris= backbone
+
CF, CS, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Pineau d’Aunis

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38
Q

Coteaux du Layon AOC

A

Semi sweet or sweet
Min 34 g/l

1er Cru Chaume minimum 80 g/l

Flanks both sides of Layon

6 DGC

SGN allowed but terms rarely used

Chaptalization illegal

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39
Q

Quart de Chaume Grand Cru AOC

A

Quart references Middle Ages when farmers had to give one quarter of harvest to land lords

Min 85 g/l

Grand Cru in 2011

Passerillage and/or Noble Rot

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40
Q

Bonnezeaux

A

Min 51 g/l

R bank or Layon

“Bonnes” “Eaux” = Good waters

Compared to Quarts de Chaume but thought of as more refreshing acidity.

41
Q

Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire AOC

A

semi sweet or sweet
min 34 g/l

Both sides of Loire

42
Q

Coteaux de l’Aubance AOC

A

semi or sweet

min 34 g/l

Both banks of Aubance

Warmest Anjou appellation because of surrounding forests

SGN allowed

43
Q

Who first planted CB in Savennieres?

A

Christian monks

44
Q

2 special plots of Savennieres?

A

La Roche aux Moines & Coulee de Serrant

45
Q

Savennieres AOC

A

Dry, semi or sweet

5 steep south facing hills

Classically dry

Slate, Schist, Volcanic Rock and Aeolian Sands

46
Q

What Loire appellation passes estates from mother to daughter?

A

Savennieres

47
Q

Aeolian Sands

A

“Wind Blown”

48
Q

EU Still Wine Residual Sugar Chart

A

Dry/Sec: <4 g/l

Med Dry/Demi-sec: 4-12

Medium sweet/Moeulleux: 12-45

Sweet/Doux: >45

49
Q

Savennieres Roche aux Moines

A

Dry, semi, sweet

Famous lieu-dit in continuous production since 12th century when plot was gifted to Abel Saint Nicolas of Angers.

Monks planted vineyard named “Monk’s Rock”

Lower yields than Savennieres and a minimum of 2 passes required

NO CHAPTALIZATION

50
Q

Coulee de Serrant AOC

A

Dry, semi or sweet

Cistercian monks in 1130

17.5 acre monopole owned by the Joly Family

Biodynamic

min 2 passes

Estate focuses on dry wines only

51
Q

Saumur AOC

A

white, rose, red, sparkling

Saumur AOC mousseux incorporates some areas of Anjou

Sparkling: CB for white, CF for rose
min 9 months on lees

Whites= 100% CB

1 DGC- Puy-Notre Dame- Red wines from CF+CS

52
Q

Saumur-Champigny AOC

A

Red only

CF + CS, Pineau d’Aunis

Most important red appellation in Anjou-Saumur

Small zone composed of 8 villages near the town of Saumur

Champigny= latin campus igni= “field of fire” = areas warm mess climate

53
Q

Touraine’s vineyards can be divided into 3 zones…..

A

A. West- reds from CF
B. East- whites from SB
C. Central- whites from CB

54
Q

4 main soil types of Touraine

A
  1. Tuffeau- West Touraine to Vouvray
  2. Aubuis- Clay/Limestone on hillsides
  3. Sedimentary deposits of sand and gravel near rivers
  4. Argile à silex/ perruches- Flinty clay near Vouvray, Montois, east Touraine
55
Q

3 primary white varietals of Touraine

A

CB, SB &

Romorantin- exclusively in Cour-Cheverny

Pinot Teinturier x Gouais Blanc

56
Q

Touraine dominant style

A

Red

57
Q

Most important sparkling app of Touraine?

A

Vouvray

58
Q

Touraine AOC

A

60% White!

Blois to Vienne & Loire Rivers

white, rose, red, sparkling

still rose= blend of 2 varieties, dry, no grape> 70% of blend

Reds- East of Tours= Côt, West of Tours= CF

5 DGC

59
Q

Touraine Noble Joué AOC

A

Named after city of Jose les Tours

Vin Gris from: Meunier, PN & PG (Mostly Meunier)
PG= fruit and finesse
PN= roundness and length

Always dry

No red wine from same vat allowed!

60
Q

Bourgueil AOC

A

Rosè, Red

CF…. CS

North of Chinon on Right bank of Loire

2 categories Gravel & Tuffeau

Gravel more red fruited, tuffeau more structured and complex

61
Q

Saint-Nicolas de Bourgueil AOC

A

Rosé, Red

CF…. CS

Right bank of Loire

More sandy gravels so more raspberry supple mouthfeel

Can legally be bottled as Bourgueil (this is rare)

Generally, more drink now style

62
Q

Chinon AOC

A

Dry White, Rosè, Red

South/Left bank of Loire

Vienne River bisects

Loire’s largest red appellation by volume

Forests keep vineyards warmer

63
Q

Vouvray AOC

A

City of Tours is here

Mostly Right bank

60% mousseux and petillant (traditional method, min 12 months sur lie)

dry, semi, sweet or sparkling white

CB…… Orbois

Loire’s largest White producer

64
Q

Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC

A

CB only

L Bank Loire

South border = Cher River

35% organic

Mostly sparkling including peillant originel

65
Q

Loire and “Petillant Originel”

A

Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC only!

Hand harvested, no additions including sugar or yeast.

1 fermentation w/9 months on lees, no dosage!

66
Q

Valençay AOC

A

E Touraine

White, Rose, Red

White= SB

Red and Rose- Gamay blends (cot, PN, CF, Pineau d’Aunis)

67
Q

Cheverny AOC

A

White, Rose, Red

between 3 rivers: Beuvron, Cosson, Bievre

68
Q

Cour-Cheverny AOC

A

dry and sweet whites NO REDS

ROMORANTIN ONLY

compared to Chardonnay

69
Q

Orleans AOC

A

white, rose, red

CH…. PG

Reds= Meunier

70
Q

Orleans-Clery

A

RED ONLY

CF!

71
Q

2 Middle Loire sub regional Appellations

A

Cremant de Loire & Rose de Loire

72
Q

Cremant de Loire AOC

A

CB, CF, CH are most common

73
Q

Rose de Loire AOC

A

Still Rose

Smallest production of the 3 still rose AOC in Anjou

must be dry, no blending formula

74
Q

AOC’s in Centre-Loire

A

8

75
Q

4 soil types of Centre Loire

A
  1. Limestone/Caillottes: limestone rich pebbles of Portlandian Marl
  2. Clay & Limestone (Terres Blanches- Kimmeridgian marl rich in oyster fossils
  3. Silex: Flint or Argiles a silex ( clay with flint)
  4. Sands and gravel
76
Q

Centre Loire historically planted with?

A

Chasselas

77
Q

Sancerre AOC soils

A

Argiles a silex- gunflint
caillottes- perfumed with faster maturity
terres blanches- powerful with ageability

Hillier + higher altitude than MS & PF

78
Q

Pouilly-Fume

A

No red

Daganeau

More herbal/vegetal/less ripe

Fume=smoked from gunflint aromas.

79
Q

Pouilly-sur-Loire

A

CHASSELAS!

80
Q

Mentou-Salon

A

Sister of Sancerre

10 villages can append name

81
Q

Quincy AOC

A

L bank Cher River (West of Sancerre and Mentor Salon)
SB and SG

82
Q

Reuilly AOC

A

White, Rose, Red

SB, PG, PN

non contiguous

Both sides of Arnon River

Always first Centre-Loire AOC to harvest

83
Q

Largest volume production Centre Loire?

A

Sancerre AOC

84
Q

Chaine de Puys

A

Chain of extinct volcanos in Upper Loire

85
Q

Upper Loire Varietals

A

CH & Gamay (More Burgundian)

86
Q

in Loire, Cab Franc known as ?

A

Breton

87
Q

In Loire, Chenin Blanc also known as

A

Pineau de la Loire, Gros Pineau

88
Q

Which Centre Loire App is non contiguous and the first to harvest?

A

Reuilly

89
Q

Puy

A

Puy= weathered hill composed of solidified magnum

90
Q

What is the pseudonym for SB in Pouilly Fume

A

Blanc Fume

91
Q

What appellation shares it’s name with a famous goat cheese

A

Valencay AOC

92
Q

What appellation shares it’s name with a famous goat cheese

A

Valencay AOC

93
Q

What is the Loire’s largest red appellation by Volume

A

Chinon

94
Q

Soils of Vouvray

A

Aubuis & Perruches

95
Q

Largest White by volume in Loire

A

Vouvray

96
Q

Which Muscadet app is smallest

A

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire

97
Q

What is France’s largest IGP by area

A

Val de Loire IGP

98
Q

Chinon sits on what river?

A

Vienne

99
Q

The Arnon flows through what AOC

A

Reuilly AOC

100
Q

What is the principal grape used for rosé production in the Loire?

A

Grolleau

French Wine Scholar (15 decks)

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