Champagne Flashcards
What early vintages in the Champagne had exceptional cold spells, contributing to stuck fermentations and accidental sparkling wines
1650
1770
1850
Mosser
A wooden whisk used to stir and release undesirable CO2 from wine, 1600’s.
What 3 17th century advancements helped vignerons master sparkling wine production?
- Stronger glass bottles
- Uniform bottle neck openings
- Corks as mainstream closure
When was the first intentionally crafted sparkling Champagne made?
Between 1695-1698
What and when the first Champagne house was established?
Ruinart- 1729
Year for 1st Champagne drinking glass?
1755, long conical bowl
Louis Pasteur’s discovery?
What did it allow for?
action & significance of yeast-1857
Enabled producers to fine tune the fermentation process, leading to the concept of “house style”
Name a mono-parcelle
Philipponnat’s Clos des Goisses
Name a mono-cru
Salon’s Cuvée “S” Le Mesnil Blanc de Blancs
Co-ops role in Champagne
More Co-ops here then any other French wine region
Sur Lattes
“on the lattes”. Thin strips of wood used to separate one row of champagne bottles from another in a stack
CIVC
Comite Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne
Can block/authorize the release of a producer’s reserves.
Vin de la Montagne
Mountain wines
Vin de la Riviere
River Wines
Early Champagne production (4th-9th century) was what style of wine?
Mostly, Red & Still
Decree of 1728?
King Louis XV allowing transport & trade of Champagne in bottle
Reims was originally famous for its?
Textiles
When was the term Champagne made a legal term?
1887, now can only be used for wines in the region.
When and how did Phylloxera affect Champagne?
1890- Killed 80% of vineyards
What happened Champagne in 1908?
Zone of production delineated. Riots believing Aube should be a 2nd zone
1927, Aube officially part of Champagne
Troyes?
Heart of Champagne, used to be capital of the region. “Le Bouchon de Champagne” (From the air looks like a Champagne cork)
Champagne’s Golden Age?
1870-1914
Belle Epoque & Roaring 20’s
What is the largest AOC in France by value?
Champagne
Champagne parallels?
48-49.5
Champagne days of frost on average/yr
60-80 days
What is the Paris Basin?
Downward depression of sedimentary rock strata
Champagne soil types?
Chalk
Linestone Marl
Sand/Clay
What areas of Champagne are famous for Chalk soils?
Cote de Blancs, Montgueux, Vitry le Francor
Ay, Reims, Epernay, Ambonnay, Verzenay
What varietal likes Chalk the most?
Chardonnay, produces high acid, lean, with reserved aromatics.
Crayeres?
Ancient underground chalk quarry
Champagne 2 types of Chalk
- Belemnite- preferred! Fossilized squid, upper-mid slope
- Micraster- fossilized sea urchin, where the slopes flatten out.
What varietal Likes Limestone Marl the most?
Pinot Noir, Makes deep aromatic, earthy style. least acid of Champagne varietals.
Champagne Areas famous for Limestone Marl?
Grand Montagne de Reims, Cote de Bar
Areas Champagne for Sand/Clay
Valle de la Marne, Val de Reims, Coteaux Sud d’ Epernay, Val de Petit Marn
Sezanne=Chalk & Clay
4 Principle terroirs of the Montagne & Val de Reims
- Massif de Saint-Thierry
- Val de Reims
- Grand Montagne de Reims
- Monts de Berru
Massif de Saint-Thierry
Montagne de Reims
Vesle River
Sand/Clay/Marl
85% PM
Val de Reims
Montagne de Reims
Vesle & Ardre Valleys
Sand/Clay/Marl
PM
Grand Montagne de Reims
South of Reims
Limestone rich marl/chalk
PN
Many 1er and Grand Cru
N Facing Grand Cru of Montagne de Reims
Verzy
Verzenay
Mailly
Less power/ Higher Acid
S facing Grand Cru of Montagne de Reims
Bouzy
Ambonny
Monts de Berru
Montagne de Reims
Chalk
Chardonnay
Madame de Pompadour quote
“Champagne is the only wine that allows a woman to remain beautiful after she’s drunk it”
6 principle terroirs of Valle de la Marne
1.Grand Valle de la Marne
2. Rive Gauche (Left Bank)
3. Rive Droite (Right Bank)
4. Ouest
5. Conde
6. Coteaux Sud d’Epernay
Grand Valle de la Marne
~Steep valley, Marne River flows west
~Sand/Clay/Marl/ Pockets of Chalk
~PN
~Ay, Tours sur Marne= grand crus
Rive Gauche
Valle de la Marne
South Bank (left)
Sand/Marl/Clay
PM
Rive Droite
Valle de la Marne
Val de Reims
North Bank (right)
Sand/Marl/Clay
PM
Ouest
Valle de la Marne
Val de Reims
Sand/Marl/Clay
PM
Conde
PM
Limestone Uplift
Coteaux Sud d’Epernay
Sand/Marl/Clay/Chalk
PM/CH, sprinkle of PN
5 terroirs of Cote de Blancs
- Cote de Blancs
- Val du Petit Morin
3.Cote de Sezanne - Vitryat (Vitry le Francois)
- Montgueux
Which terroir of Cote de Blancs is known for something other than chalk
Val du Petit Morin
Mix of chalk/sand/marl/clay
Chard & PM
2 Terroirs of Cote de Bar
- Bar-sur Aubois
- Barsequanais
Echelle de Crus
Scale of Growths
1911
80-100%
How many wine producing villages
300+
17 Grand Cru
42 1er Cru
Principle varietals of Champagne from 9th to 16th century?
Gouais (Blanc & Noir) Vin de la Montagne
Fromenteau (PG) (Vin di Riviere)
Name the 4 secondary grapes of champagne
- PG (Fromenteau)
- PB
- Arbane (white)
- Petit Meslier (white)
Approved training methods for Champagne
- Chablis
- Cordon
- Guyot
- Vallee de la Marne
Rootstock with affinity for chalky soils
41B
How many Champagne houses?
Growers?
300
15K!
When/why was Doux Champagne popular?
19th Century.
Russian Market
Name of Special Club
Club Tresors de Champagne
The 3 AOC’s of Champagne
- Champagne AOC
- Coteaux Champenois AOC
- Rose de Riceys AOC
Rose de Riceys AOC
PN still Rose
Coteaux Champenois AOC
Dry white
Rose
Red
All Champagne varietals
RC
Recoltant Cooperator
Grape grower brings grapes to co-op who vinifies then reclaims the wine and sells under own label
SR
Society de Recoltants
Group of Growers who join together making one or more communal brands
CM
Cooperative de Manipulation
Co-op which vinifies the grapes of member growers
MA
Marque Auxiliaire
Private label for wine registered by individual group or society with the purpose of selling to their customers.
The source for the label could be NM, RM, RC etc
ND
Negociant Distriuteur
Buys Champagne sur latte(finished)
Puts own label on them.
Styles of Champagne
- Vintage
- NV/MV
3.1er Cru - Grand Cru
5.Blanc de Blancs - Blanc de Noirs
- Rosé
- Presige Cuvée
9.Late-Disgorged - Mono-parcelle
- Mono-cru
- Special Club
- Solera/Perpetual Reserve
Vin Clair
Base Wine
Assemblage
Blend to make the cuvee
Tirage
Liquer de Tirage
Yeast and Sugar put into bottle for 2nd ferment
Pris de Mousse
Seize the foam
Lattes
Thin strips of wood wine is stored on during fermentation.
Remuage
Riddling
Barbe Nicole Ponsardin
Veuve Cliquot
Riddling
Pupitre
A Shaped rack for riddling
3 months
gyropalette
1 week
50000 bottles in same time 6000 took before
Transversage
When Larger or smaller Champagne bottles are filled from 750’s (because they do not go through secondary fermentation in bottle.
Liquer d’expedition
Liquer de Dosage
Wine/Sugar
Sparkling Sweetness Levels
Brut Nature 0-3
Extra Bru 0-6
Brut 0-12
Extra Sec 12-17
Sec 17-32
Demi sec 32-50
Doux > 50
Jupone
Skirt shaped/mushroom shaped cork
Cheville
Peg Shaped cork (Older)
Approximate atm Champagne
6
NV Champagne law
12 on lees, 15 months total in cellar
Vintage Champagne law
12 on lees 36 months in cellar
Name the 9 Grand Cru of Montagne de Reims
- Puisieulx
- Sillery
- Verzenay
- Beaumont sur-Vesle
- Mailly-Champagne
- Verzy
- Louvois
8.Bouzy - Ambonnay
Name the 2 Grand Cru of Valle de Marne
- Tours-sur-Marne
- Äy
Name the 6 Grand Cru of Cote de Blancs
- Chouilly
- Airy
- Cramant
- Avize
- Oger
- Le Mesnil-sur Oger
What river runs through Reims?
La Vesle
The Val de Reims has 2 valleys, what are they?
Val du Vesle
Val du Ardre