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French Wine Scholar > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

What early vintages in the Champagne had exceptional cold spells, contributing to stuck fermentations and accidental sparkling wines

A

1650
1770
1850

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2
Q

Mosser

A

A wooden whisk used to stir and release undesirable CO2 from wine, 1600’s.

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3
Q

What 3 17th century advancements helped vignerons master sparkling wine production?

A
  1. Stronger glass bottles
  2. Uniform bottle neck openings
  3. Corks as mainstream closure
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4
Q

When was the first intentionally crafted sparkling Champagne made?

A

Between 1695-1698

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5
Q

What and when the first Champagne house was established?

A

Ruinart- 1729

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6
Q

Year for 1st Champagne drinking glass?

A

1755, long conical bowl

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7
Q

Louis Pasteur’s discovery?

What did it allow for?

A

action & significance of yeast-1857

Enabled producers to fine tune the fermentation process, leading to the concept of “house style”

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8
Q

Name a mono-parcelle

A

Philipponnat’s Clos des Goisses

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9
Q

Name a mono-cru

A

Salon’s Cuvée “S” Le Mesnil Blanc de Blancs

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10
Q

Co-ops role in Champagne

A

More Co-ops here then any other French wine region

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11
Q

Sur Lattes

A

“on the lattes”. Thin strips of wood used to separate one row of champagne bottles from another in a stack

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12
Q

CIVC

A

Comite Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne

Can block/authorize the release of a producer’s reserves.

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13
Q

Vin de la Montagne

A

Mountain wines

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14
Q

Vin de la Riviere

A

River Wines

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15
Q

Early Champagne production (4th-9th century) was what style of wine?

A

Mostly, Red & Still

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16
Q

Decree of 1728?

A

King Louis XV allowing transport & trade of Champagne in bottle

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17
Q

Reims was originally famous for its?

A

Textiles

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18
Q

When was the term Champagne made a legal term?

A

1887, now can only be used for wines in the region.

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19
Q

When and how did Phylloxera affect Champagne?

A

1890- Killed 80% of vineyards

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20
Q

What happened Champagne in 1908?

A

Zone of production delineated. Riots believing Aube should be a 2nd zone

1927, Aube officially part of Champagne

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21
Q

Troyes?

A

Heart of Champagne, used to be capital of the region. “Le Bouchon de Champagne” (From the air looks like a Champagne cork)

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22
Q

Champagne’s Golden Age?

A

1870-1914
Belle Epoque & Roaring 20’s

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23
Q

What is the largest AOC in France by value?

A

Champagne

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24
Q

Champagne parallels?

A

48-49.5

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25
Q

Champagne days of frost on average/yr

A

60-80 days

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26
Q

What is the Paris Basin?

A

Downward depression of sedimentary rock strata

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27
Q

Champagne soil types?

A

Chalk
Linestone Marl
Sand/Clay

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28
Q

What areas of Champagne are famous for Chalk soils?

A

Cote de Blancs, Montgueux, Vitry le Francor

Ay, Reims, Epernay, Ambonnay, Verzenay

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29
Q

What varietal likes Chalk the most?

A

Chardonnay, produces high acid, lean, with reserved aromatics.

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30
Q

Crayeres?

A

Ancient underground chalk quarry

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31
Q

Champagne 2 types of Chalk

A
  1. Belemnite- preferred! Fossilized squid, upper-mid slope
  2. Micraster- fossilized sea urchin, where the slopes flatten out.
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32
Q

What varietal Likes Limestone Marl the most?

A

Pinot Noir, Makes deep aromatic, earthy style. least acid of Champagne varietals.

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33
Q

Champagne Areas famous for Limestone Marl?

A

Grand Montagne de Reims, Cote de Bar

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34
Q

Areas Champagne for Sand/Clay

A

Valle de la Marne, Val de Reims, Coteaux Sud d’ Epernay, Val de Petit Marn

Sezanne=Chalk & Clay

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35
Q

4 Principle terroirs of the Montagne & Val de Reims

A
  1. Massif de Saint-Thierry
  2. Val de Reims
  3. Grand Montagne de Reims
  4. Monts de Berru
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36
Q

Massif de Saint-Thierry

A

Montagne de Reims
Vesle River
Sand/Clay/Marl
85% PM

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37
Q

Val de Reims

A

Montagne de Reims
Vesle & Ardre Valleys
Sand/Clay/Marl
PM

38
Q

Grand Montagne de Reims

A

South of Reims
Limestone rich marl/chalk
PN
Many 1er and Grand Cru

39
Q

N Facing Grand Cru of Montagne de Reims

A

Verzy
Verzenay
Mailly

Less power/ Higher Acid

40
Q

S facing Grand Cru of Montagne de Reims

A

Bouzy
Ambonny

41
Q

Monts de Berru

A

Montagne de Reims
Chalk
Chardonnay

42
Q

Madame de Pompadour quote

A

“Champagne is the only wine that allows a woman to remain beautiful after she’s drunk it”

43
Q

6 principle terroirs of Valle de la Marne

A

1.Grand Valle de la Marne
2. Rive Gauche (Left Bank)
3. Rive Droite (Right Bank)
4. Ouest
5. Conde
6. Coteaux Sud d’Epernay

44
Q

Grand Valle de la Marne

A

~Steep valley, Marne River flows west
~Sand/Clay/Marl/ Pockets of Chalk
~PN
~Ay, Tours sur Marne= grand crus

45
Q

Rive Gauche

A

Valle de la Marne
South Bank (left)
Sand/Marl/Clay
PM

46
Q

Rive Droite

A

Valle de la Marne
Val de Reims
North Bank (right)
Sand/Marl/Clay
PM

47
Q

Ouest

A

Valle de la Marne
Val de Reims
Sand/Marl/Clay
PM

48
Q

Conde

A

PM
Limestone Uplift

49
Q

Coteaux Sud d’Epernay

A

Sand/Marl/Clay/Chalk
PM/CH, sprinkle of PN

50
Q

5 terroirs of Cote de Blancs

A
  1. Cote de Blancs
  2. Val du Petit Morin
    3.Cote de Sezanne
  3. Vitryat (Vitry le Francois)
  4. Montgueux
51
Q

Which terroir of Cote de Blancs is known for something other than chalk

A

Val du Petit Morin
Mix of chalk/sand/marl/clay
Chard & PM

52
Q

2 Terroirs of Cote de Bar

A
  1. Bar-sur Aubois
  2. Barsequanais
53
Q

Echelle de Crus

A

Scale of Growths
1911
80-100%

54
Q

How many wine producing villages

A

300+
17 Grand Cru
42 1er Cru

55
Q

Principle varietals of Champagne from 9th to 16th century?

A

Gouais (Blanc & Noir) Vin de la Montagne
Fromenteau (PG) (Vin di Riviere)

56
Q

Name the 4 secondary grapes of champagne

A
  1. PG (Fromenteau)
  2. PB
  3. Arbane (white)
  4. Petit Meslier (white)
57
Q

Approved training methods for Champagne

A
  1. Chablis
  2. Cordon
  3. Guyot
  4. Vallee de la Marne
58
Q

Rootstock with affinity for chalky soils

A

41B

59
Q

How many Champagne houses?
Growers?

A

300

15K!

60
Q

When/why was Doux Champagne popular?

A

19th Century.
Russian Market

61
Q

Name of Special Club

A

Club Tresors de Champagne

62
Q

The 3 AOC’s of Champagne

A
  1. Champagne AOC
  2. Coteaux Champenois AOC
  3. Rose de Riceys AOC
63
Q

Rose de Riceys AOC

A

PN still Rose

64
Q

Coteaux Champenois AOC

A

Dry white
Rose
Red
All Champagne varietals

65
Q

RC

A

Recoltant Cooperator
Grape grower brings grapes to co-op who vinifies then reclaims the wine and sells under own label

66
Q

SR

A

Society de Recoltants
Group of Growers who join together making one or more communal brands

67
Q

CM

A

Cooperative de Manipulation
Co-op which vinifies the grapes of member growers

68
Q

MA

A

Marque Auxiliaire
Private label for wine registered by individual group or society with the purpose of selling to their customers.

The source for the label could be NM, RM, RC etc

69
Q

ND

A

Negociant Distriuteur

Buys Champagne sur latte(finished)
Puts own label on them.

70
Q

Styles of Champagne

A
  1. Vintage
  2. NV/MV
    3.1er Cru
  3. Grand Cru
    5.Blanc de Blancs
  4. Blanc de Noirs
  5. Rosé
  6. Presige Cuvée
    9.Late-Disgorged
  7. Mono-parcelle
  8. Mono-cru
  9. Special Club
  10. Solera/Perpetual Reserve
71
Q

Vin Clair

A

Base Wine

72
Q

Assemblage

A

Blend to make the cuvee

73
Q

Tirage

A

Liquer de Tirage
Yeast and Sugar put into bottle for 2nd ferment

74
Q

Pris de Mousse

A

Seize the foam

75
Q

Lattes

A

Thin strips of wood wine is stored on during fermentation.

76
Q

Remuage

A

Riddling

77
Q

Barbe Nicole Ponsardin

A

Veuve Cliquot
Riddling

78
Q

Pupitre

A

A Shaped rack for riddling
3 months

79
Q

gyropalette

A

1 week
50000 bottles in same time 6000 took before

80
Q

Transversage

A

When Larger or smaller Champagne bottles are filled from 750’s (because they do not go through secondary fermentation in bottle.

81
Q

Liquer d’expedition

A

Liquer de Dosage
Wine/Sugar

82
Q

Sparkling Sweetness Levels

A

Brut Nature 0-3
Extra Bru 0-6
Brut 0-12
Extra Sec 12-17
Sec 17-32
Demi sec 32-50
Doux > 50

83
Q

Jupone

A

Skirt shaped/mushroom shaped cork

84
Q

Cheville

A

Peg Shaped cork (Older)

85
Q

Approximate atm Champagne

A

6

86
Q

NV Champagne law

A

12 on lees, 15 months total in cellar

87
Q

Vintage Champagne law

A

12 on lees 36 months in cellar

88
Q

Name the 9 Grand Cru of Montagne de Reims

A
  1. Puisieulx
  2. Sillery
  3. Verzenay
  4. Beaumont sur-Vesle
  5. Mailly-Champagne
  6. Verzy
  7. Louvois
    8.Bouzy
  8. Ambonnay
89
Q

Name the 2 Grand Cru of Valle de Marne

A
  1. Tours-sur-Marne
  2. Äy
90
Q

Name the 6 Grand Cru of Cote de Blancs

A
  1. Chouilly
  2. Airy
  3. Cramant
  4. Avize
  5. Oger
  6. Le Mesnil-sur Oger
91
Q

What river runs through Reims?

A

La Vesle

92
Q

The Val de Reims has 2 valleys, what are they?

A

Val du Vesle
Val du Ardre

French Wine Scholar (15 decks)

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