Locomotor

Question 1

Who commonly gets Osteoarthritis?

Answer 1

> 40yrs, Overweight, Females

Question 2

Osteoarthritis Risk Factors

Answer 2

Old age, Obesity, Repetitive joint use, Menopause, Misalignment

Question 3

Osteoarthritis Presentation

Answer 3

Pain, Stiffness (<30 mins in morning), Loss of flexibility, Grating sensation

Question 4

Osteoarthritis Investigations

Answer 4

Imaging, DEXA, Bloods (ESR, CRP), Synovial fluid analysis

Question 5

Osteoarthritis Treatment

Answer 5

Lifestyle, Analgesics, Corticosteroid injections, Surgery

Question 6

What causes Gout?

Answer 6

Elevated uric acid (crystals deposit in joints)

Question 7

What joint is affected in half of Gout cases?

Answer 7

Big Toe

Question 8

Gout Risk Factors

Answer 8

Genetics, High cholesterol/BP, Diabetes, Heart disease, Diuretics, Diet (red meat/shellfish), Alcohol, Obesity

Question 9

Gout Presentation

Answer 9

Red, Hot, Tender, Swollen joints

Pain for 2-4 hours at night

Tophi, Fever, Urate nephropathy

Question 10

Gout Investigations

Answer 10

Serum urate, Synovial fluid examination, Bloods (FBC, ESR, CRP), Imaging

Question 11

Gout Treatment

Answer 11

NSAIDs, Colchicine, Steroids, Allopurinol, Ice pack, Rest

Question 12

Most common cause of Septic Arthritis?

Answer 12

Staphylococcus Aureus

Question 13

Most common way bacteria gets into joint in Septic Arthritis?

Answer 13

Via Bloodstream (particularly in children)

Question 14

Septic Arthritis Risk Factors

Answer 14

Trauma, Surgery, Poor immune system, Injecting street drugs, Gonorrhoea

Question 15

Septic Arthritis Presentation

Answer 15

Pain, Swelling, Redness, Generally unwell, Fever

Question 16

In what cause/context of Septic Arthritis do the symptoms appear more slowly?

Answer 16

Artificial joint, Tuberculosis

Question 17

Septic Arthritis Investigations

Answer 17

Synovial Fluid Analysis (Gram stain, Culture, WCC), Blood culture, MRI

Question 18

Septic Arthritis Treatment

Answer 18

IV Antibiotics, Drainage, Splinting

Question 19

Who gets a Prolapsed Disc?

Answer 19

30-50yrs, Men

Question 20

Prolapsed Disc Risk Factors

Answer 20

Repeated improper movements, Trauma, Smoking, Alcohol, Obesity, Malnutrition

Question 21

Prolapsed Disc Presentation

Answer 21

Sudden/Sever back pain (eased on lying flat), Nerve symptoms if compression (numbness, weakness, tingling)

Question 22

Prolapsed Disc Investigations

Answer 22

Imaging, Discogram

Question 23

Prolapsed Disc Treatment

Answer 23

OTC Analgesics, Gabapentin, Laminectomy

Question 24

Rheumatoid Arthritis Presentation

Answer 24

Warm, Swollen, Painful Joints (bilateral)

Worse following rest, >30 mins in morning

Question 25

What joints does Rheumatoid Arthritis commonly effect?

Answer 25

Wrists and Hands

Question 26

What can be effected in Rheumatoid Arthritis apart from joints?

Answer 26

Low RBCs, Lung Inflammation, Heart Inflammation

Question 27

Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigations

Answer 27

X-ray/MRI, Lab testing (RF, ACPA, CRP, ESR)

Question 28

What is the best test for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 28

anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)

Question 29

Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

Answer 29

Analgesics, DMARDs (hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate), Biological DMARDs, Surgery

Question 30

Causes of Osteoporosis?

Answer 30

Menopause, Alcoholism, Anorexia, Hyperthyroidism, Kidney disease, Smoking, Medications

Question 31

Osteoporosis Investigations

Answer 31

DEXA, Radiography, Chemical biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase)

Question 32

Osteoporosis Treatment

Answer 32

Diet, Exercise, No smoking/alcohol, Bisphosphonates

Question 33

Definition of Osteopenia?

Answer 33

Between -1 and -2.5 on DEXA

Question 34

Definition of Osteoporosis?

Answer 34

Below -2.5 on DEXA