Haematological

Question 1

Who does Iron Deficiency Anaemia Effect?

Answer 1

Pregnant women, Blood donors, Young children, Vegetarians

Question 2

What are the main causes of Iron Deficiency Anaemia?

Answer 2

GI Blood loss, Rapid growth, Menorrhagia, Parasitic disease, Malabsorption, Pregnancy

Question 3

Iron Deficiency Anaemia Presentation

Answer 3

Pallor, Fatigue, SOB, Numbness, Glossitis, Koilonychia, Splenomegaly

Question 4

Iron Deficiency Anaemia Investigations

Answer 4

Bloods (FBC, Hb, MCV, Haematocrit, Platelet count)

Question 5

Iron Deficiency Anaemia Treatment

Answer 5

Ferrous sulphate, Vitamin C, Iron shots, Cause

Question 6

What is Macrocytic Anaemia?

Answer 6

Large red blood cells = Insufficient number and haemoglobin content

Question 7

What are the 2 types of Macrocytic Anaemia?

Answer 7

Megaloblastic = DNA synthesis in marrow (B12/Folate)

Non-Megaloblastic = Peripheral problems (alcohol)

Question 8

What can cause B12 or Folate deficiency?

Answer 8

Pernicious Anaemia, Diet, Coeliac, Crohn’s

Question 9

Macrocytic Anaemia Presentation

Answer 9

SOB, Fatigue, Palpitations, Pins and Needles, Vision changes, Depression, Pallor

Question 10

Macrocytic Anaemia Investigations

Answer 10

B12/Folate, LFTs, Bone marrow

Question 11

Macrocytic Anaemia Treatment

Answer 11

B12, Folic acid, Cause (alcoholism)

Question 12

What are the 2 types of Lymphoma?

Answer 12

Hodgkin’s (better prognosis, Reed-Sternberg Cells)

Non-Hodgkin’s (90%, Over 60 subtypes)

Question 13

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Risk Factors

Answer 13

Epstein-Barr Virus, Family Hx

Question 14

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Risk Factors

Answer 14

Autoimmune disease, HIV, T-lymphocytic virus, Immunosuppressant’s, Pesticides, Red meat, Smoking

Question 15

Lymphoma Presentation

Answer 15

B-symptoms (Fever, Night sweats, Weight loss), Lymphadenopathy, Itching, Fatigue

Question 16

Lymphoma Investigations

Answer 16

Biopsy of node, Bloods, Bone Marrow, Imaging