Loco with answers

Question 1

What investigation is most commonly used to diagnose bone fracture:

a. CT
b. MRI
c. Ultrasound
d. X-ray imaging

Answer 1

x ray

Question 2

What is observed on x-ray imaging in case of hemothorax:

a. free air collection under the diaphragm
b. air fluid interfaces
c. light area at the lung region
d. dark area at the lung region

Answer 2

c. light area at the lung region

Question 3

What is the first aid for pressure pneumothorax:

a. sealing the wound
b. staunching the bleeding
c. converting pressure pneumothorax to open pneumothorax
d. suturing the wound

Answer 3

c. converting pressure pneumothorax to open pneumothorax

Question 4

Which of these investigations will help to detect the rupture of the spleen?

a. x ray imaging
b. common blood count
c. ultrasound
d. ECG

Answer 4

c. ultrasound

Question 5

Assessment of an injured patient necessarily includes:

a. deformity
b. assimetry
c. swelling
d. skin rash

Answer 5

a. deformity
b. assimetry
c. swelling
d. skin rash

Question 6

Main signs of contusion:

a. pain
b. malfunction
c. swelling
d. hematoma

Answer 6

a. pain
b. malfunction
c. swelling
d. hematoma

Question 7

What is true regarding the inspection of an injured patient:

a. inspection helps to recognize a possible injury and to provide an adequate help
b. it is essential to assess the state of consciousness type and adequacy of respiration, tissue perfusion, as well as to pay attention to the position, deformities, functional and sensational impairment, and to assess the movement of the chest and abdominal wall
c. suspect the head and thoracic injury as well as shock when a patient is unconscious
d. inspection helps to detect bone fractures, dislocation, brain and spinal cord injuries, chest and abdominal organ injuries
e. inspection may not cause additional injuries, it is forbidden to touch foreign bodies
f. it is essential to inspect the whole body except non-injured sites
g. rapid and weak pulse is a sign of hypovolemia, strong pulse is characteristics to a severe head trauma and decreased intracranial pressure

Answer 7

a. inspection helps to recognize a possible injury and to provide an adequate help
b. it is essential to assess the state of consciousness type and adequacy of respiration, tissue perfusion, as well as to pay attention to the position, deformities, functional and sensational impairment, and to assess the movement of the chest and abdominal wall
c. suspect the head and thoracic injury as well as shock when a patient is unconscious
d. inspection helps to detect bone fractures, dislocation, brain and spinal cord injuries, chest and abdominal organ injuries
g. rapid and weak pulse is a sign of hypovolemia, strong pulse is characteristics to a severe head trauma and decreased intracranial pressure

Question 8

The following are the signs of a severe head injury (skull base fracture):

a. blood or liquor flow from ears and nose
b. periorbital hematoma
c. hematoma at the region of pr. Mastoideus (Battle’s signs)
d. hemotympanitis (blood inside the inner ear)
e. radiological investigation shows intracranial air

Answer 8

a. blood or liquor flow from ears and nose
b. periorbital hematoma
c. hematoma at the region of pr. Mastoideus (Battle’s signs)
d. hemotympanitis (blood inside the inner ear)

Question 9

The following factors indicate the metabolic response to injury:

a. hypovolemia
b. decreased calcium concentration in serum
c. wound factors (interleukin, macrophages, TAF etc.)
d. toxins (sepsis)
e. free radicals
f. pain

Answer 9

a. hypovolemia

c. wound factors (interleukin, macrophages, TAF etc.)
d. toxins (sepsis)
e. free radicals

Question 10

What is true regarding the metabolic response to injury:

a. metabolic response depends on the severity of trauma, concomitant conditions (medications, sepsis, concomitant diseases), age, gender, nutritional state
b. metabolic responce (operative trauma) is less expressed after major abdominal operations compared to thoracic operations
c. particular metabolic response is caused by burns due to excessive loss of fluids and warmth
d. less expressed metabolic response is characteristic to children, elderly and malnourished patients

Answer 10

a. metabolic response depends on the severity of trauma, concomitant conditions (medications, sepsis, concomitant diseases), age, gender, nutritional state
c. particular metabolic response is caused by burns due to excessive loss of fluids and warmth
d. less expressed metabolic response is characteristic to children, elderly and malnourished patients

Question 11

X-ray imaging for a suspected bone fracture:

a. one-dimensional
b. two dimensional
c. oblique
d. functional position

Answer 11

b. two dimensional

Question 12

in case of the main artery injury the blood flow is restored by:

a. end to end anastomosis
b. seeing in sn autologous vascular graft
c. sewing in a vascular prosthesis
d. only repairing the inured site

Answer 12

a. end to end anatomosis

b. seeing in sn autologous vascular graft

Question 13

The features of assessment of an injured patient:

a. assessment of a trauma patient is not different from the assessment of other patients
b. trauma patients are frequently unconscious, therefore it is not easy to assess the severity of trauma
c. often the local signs of trauma do not reflect severity of a real injury
d. assessment and management of a trauma patient are performed simultaneously
e. it is essential to immediately diagnose shock, anemia, toxicosis

Answer 13

b. trauma patients are frequently unconscious, therefore it is not easy to assess the severity of trauma
c. often the local signs of trauma do not reflect severity of a real injury
e. it is essential to immediately diagnose shock, anemia, toxicosis

Question 14

Knowing the mechanism of trauma helps in:

a. predicting possible injuries which are difficult to recognize
b. providing the aid for injuries which are more severe than they look at first glance
c. suspecting possible injuries
d. detecting the degree of inebriety

Answer 14

a. predicting possible injuries which are difficult to recognize
b. providing the aid for injuries which are more severe than they look at first glance
c. suspecting possible injuries

Question 15

What are acceleration/deceleration inherent injuries:

a. injury at the site which was in contact with a ground or vehicle
b. significant injuries are caused by an inert tearing power when after an impact the human organs stop or start moving suddenly
c. rupture of the parenchymatous organs, aortic arch, bowel mesenteries
d. very different and severe injuries are possible due to varying trajectory of the injuring agent
e. internal haemorrhage

Answer 15

a. injury at the site which was in contact with a ground or vehicle
b. significant injuries are caused by an inert tearing power when after an impact the human organs stop or start moving suddenly
c. rupture of the parenchymatous organs, aortic arch, bowel mesenteries
d. very different and severe injuries are possible due to varying trajectory of the injuring agent
e. internal haemorrhage

Question 16

Hemothorax is blood inside the pleural cavity. Which statements are not true:

a. it is due to blunt and penetrating injuries
b. pleural cavity may contain more than 5 liters of blood
c. 1 liter of blood may accumulate itself inside the pleural cavity before X-ray signs appear
d. 90% of cases are due to the injuries of a. malaria interna or intercostal arteries, the remaining 10% are due to the bleeding from the lungs
e. the bleeding usually stops when the lung collapses
f. normally a chest tube insertion is sufficient

Answer 16

b. pleural cavity may contain more than 5 liters of blood

e. the bleeding usually stops when the lung collapses

Question 17

The following syndromes are characteristic of abdominal injury:

a. anorexia
b. internal hemorrhage
c. peritonitis
d. adhesions
e. klippel feil syndrome
f. pneumoperitoneum
g. mallory weiss syndrome

Answer 17

b. internal hemorrhage

c. peritonitis

Question 18

The first line treatment of a trauma patient is the following:

a. antispasmodic
b. enzymes
c. antihistamines
d. analgesics

Answer 18

d. analgesics

Question 19

Exploration of the abdominal wound reveals a penetrating injury. THE FOLLOWING STRATEGY SHOULD BE UNDERTAKEN:

a. only suturing the wound
b. only draining the wound
c. exploratory laparotomy
d. only dressing the wound

Answer 19

c. exploratory laparotomy

Question 20

Hemorrhage inside the abdominal wall may be detected by:

a. laparoscopy
b. thoracoscopy
c. laparocentesis
d. arthroscopy
e. ultrasound

Answer 20

a. laparoscopy
c. laparocentesis
e. ultrasound

Question 21

Which of the following are the possible complications of a sharp injury:

a. lymphangotitis
b. lymphadenitis
c. cellutitis
d. felon

Answer 21

d. felon

Question 22

Which are the injuries of the soft tissues:

a. contusion
b. distortion
c. commotion
d. rupture
e. bone fracture

Answer 22

a. contusion
c. commotion
d. rupture

Question 23

Which of the following statements are true?

a. commonly, ligaments, tendons, nerves, muscles and blood vessels are damaged in case of distortion and rupture
b. clinical signs resemble those of contusion: pain, edema, hepatomas, however functional, sensational impairment as well as tissue schema may develop depending on a damage of ligament ts, muscles, nerves and blood vessels
c. in case of distortion sometimes there are no anatomical changes
d. rupture leads to anatomical changes (partial and full thickness). in case of muscle rupture large hepatomas form themselves
e. when the main veins and arteries are injured it is essential to restore their integrity as soon as possible

Answer 23

a. commonly, ligaments, tendons, nerves, muscles and blood vessels are damaged in case of distortion and rupture
b. clinical signs resemble those of contusion: pain, edema, hepatomas, however functional, sensational impairment as well as tissue schema may develop depending on a damage of ligament ts, muscles, nerves and blood vessels
c. in case of distortion sometimes there are no anatomical changes
d. rupture leads to anatomical changes (partial and full thickness). in case of muscle rupture large hepatomas form themselves
e. when the main veins and arteries are injured it is essential to restore their integrity as soon as possible

Question 24

These are the principles of treatment of distortion and rupture:

a. In case of distortion and tear: immobilisation, analgesics, and later physiotherapy
b. the way of treatment is chosen after resorption of hepatomas and maximum detumscene of post traumatic edemas
c. incase of rupture: suturing, plastic operations, removal of large hematomas
d. when the main veins and arteries are injured it is essential to restore their integrity as soon as possible

Answer 24

a. In case of distortion and tear: immobilisation, analgesics, and later physiotherapy
c. incase of rupture: suturing, plastic operations, removal of large hematomas
d. when the main veins and arteries are injured it is essential to restore their integrity as soon as possible

Question 25

In case of spleen rupture the following changes of the common blood count are observed:

a. decreased hemoglobin
b. increased eosinophils count
c. decreased red blood cell count
d. increased red blood cells sedimentation rate

Answer 25

a. decreased hemoglobin
b. increased eosinophils count
c. decreased red blood cell count

Question 26

In case of a traumatic hollow abdominal organ injury the x-ray imaging reveals:

a. dilated small bowel loops
b. air fluid interfaces
c. free air collection under the diaphragm
d. distended large bowel

Answer 26

a. dilated small bowel loops
c. free air collection under the diaphragm
d. distended large bowel

Question 27

Soft tissue contusion has the following signs:

a. edema
b. hematomas
c. pain
d. impaired function
e. if large area is injured the possiblegeneral signs are general malaise and fever
f. expressed edema and massive hematomas inside the tissues may mask bone fractures and dislocation

Answer 27

a. edema
b. hematomas
c. pain
d. impaired function
e. if large area is injured the possiblegeneral signs are general malaise and fever
f. expressed edema and massive hematomas inside the tissues may mask bone fractures and dislocation