Locke essay plan Flashcards
What are natural rights according to Locke?
Natural rights are inalienable and universal rights to life, liberty, and property that exist independently of government or society.
What is the basis for natural rights?
These rights are grounded in natural law and human reason, forming the basis for justice and morality.
How do property rights arise according to Locke?
Property rights arise from mixing labor with resources, giving individuals ownership.
What is the state of nature in Locke’s philosophy?
The state of nature is freedom but insecure due to lack of impartial enforcement.
What is the purpose of the social contract?
People consent to government to protect natural rights better than in the state of nature.
What justifies resistance or revolution against the government?
Government’s power is conditional on protecting natural rights; failure justifies resistance or revolution.
What does limited government entail?
Government must be limited and operate by declared, reasoned laws accepted by the people.
What prevents tyranny according to Locke?
Separation of legislative and executive powers prevents tyranny and abuse.
What ensures fairness in Locke’s philosophy?
Rule of law and impartial judges ensure fairness and protect individual rights.
What is Locke’s view on the right to revolution?
Locke defends the right of the people to overthrow governments that violate their rights.
What principle does the right to revolution safeguard?
This principle safeguards liberty and prevents despotism.
What does Locke argue about religious toleration?
Locke argues against coercion in religion and supports freedom of conscience as a natural right.
What protects individual liberty and social peace?
Separation of church and state protects individual liberty and social peace.
What is Hobbes’s view of the state of nature?
Hobbes argues that the state of nature is a ‘war of all against all,’ driven by competition, fear, and glory.
What is Hobbes’s perspective on human nature?
Hobbes believes humans are inherently self-interested and power-seeking.
What is the primary role of government according to Hobbes?
Government’s primary role is survival, not the protection of rights.
What does Hobbes say about the right to revolution?
Hobbes argues that revolution leads to anarchy and a return to the state of nature.
How does Hobbes view property rights?
Hobbes believes property rights only exist under sovereign authority.
