LO6

Question 1

What is the pupil?

Answer 1

Is the opening in the middle of the eye through which light passes

Question 2

What is the iris?

Answer 2

Is the visible coloured ring at the front of the eye. It adjusts to control the amount of light that entering the eye through the pupil

Question 3

What is the tear glands?

Answer 3

(-Lacrimal glands) produces tears to clean and lubricate the front of the eye.
-The fluid contains salt and has natural antiseptic properties to defend against infection

Question 4

What is the aqueous and vitreous humours?

Answer 4

The watery, jelly like fluids that fill the eye. They keep the eye in shape and nourish it.

Question 5

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 5

Is a thin membrane that protects the cornea

Question 6

What is the cornea?

Answer 6

Is at the front of the eye and is transparent.; light rays pass through the cornea to the retina.

Question 7

What is the retina?

Answer 7

Is the inner lining of the eye and contains light sensitive cells called rods and cones

Question 8

What is the macula?

Answer 8

Has a very high concentration of photoreceptors cells; these detect light and send signals to the brain, which interprets them as images.

Question 9

What is the optic nerve?

Answer 9

Where the nerve cells exit the eye.

Question 10

What is the Ciliary muscle?

Answer 10

Enables the lens to change shape for focusing, it contracts to stretch the lens making it flatter and thinner

Question 11

What is suspensory ligaments?

Answer 11

Attach the lens to the ciliary muscle

Question 12

What is the lens?

Answer 12

Focuses light entering the eye

Question 13

What is glaucoma?

Answer 13

An eye condition where the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, becomes damaged.

Question 14

What are the causes of glaucoma?

Answer 14

-build up pressure in the eye when fluid aqueous humour is unable to drain properly. This damages the optic nerve.
-certain things can increase the risk such as age ethnicity, family history and diabetes.

Question 15

What is age related macular degeneration? AMD

Answer 15

Affects the middle part of the eye

Question 16

What is the causes of AMD

Answer 16

Unknown but had been linked to smoking,, high blood pressure and being overweight

Question 17

What are effects of AMD

Answer 17

-Does not cause total blindness however can make everyday activities difficult.
-colours seeming less bright
-hallucinations

Question 18

What is retinopathy?

Answer 18

Disease of the retina which involves retinal blood vessels

Question 19

Causes of retinopathy

Answer 19

-High blood levels damaging the retina over time high blood sugar levels cause blood vessels to narrow and leak
-this leads to abnormal blood flow to the retina
-this damages the cells in the retina

Question 20

Effects of retinopathy

Answer 20

-Can cause blindness if left untreated
-redness
-eye pain

Question 21

What is cataracts?

Answer 21

A cloudy area in the lenses of the eye. A condition that involves the lens of the eye to become progressively opaque resulting in blurred vision

Question 22

Causes of cataracts?

Answer 22

-diabetes
-exposure to ultraviolet light to sunlight
-smoking and drinking too much alcohol

Question 23

Effects of cataracts?

Answer 23

-Changes in lenses caused by again results in cloudy patches developed in the lenses
-bright lights may be dazzling and cause discomfort.
-causes blurred, cloud or misty vision.

Question 24

What is the eardrum?

Answer 24

Thin layer of tissue that receives sound vibrations and transmits them to the middle ear cavity.

Question 25

What is the stapes/incus/malleus ear bones?

Answer 25

Small bones that amplify the sound waves and transmit the vibrations across the middle ear to the cochlea

Question 26

What is the cochlea?

Answer 26

-Contains jelly like fluid in coiled tube. -Vibrations pass through the fluid and are converted to neutral messages
- passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

Question 27

What is the Organ of corti?

Answer 27

-Located in the cochlea.
-sometimes referred to as the body’s microphone
-lined with rows of hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses

Question 28

What is the eustachain tube?

Answer 28

Connects the middle ear to the throat. It ensures that the pressure in the middle ear is equal to the pressure outside the ear

Question 29

What is the Round window?

Answer 29

Drum like membrane. Vibrations from the oval window pass through it to the cochlea.

Question 30

What is the auditory nerve?

Answer 30

A bundle of nerve fibers that carry hearing information between the cochlea and the brain

Question 31

What is the semi circular canals and ampullae?

Answer 31

ALined with the cilia and as the movements of the cilia are communicated to the brain
-they work as a motion sensor to help keep your balance

Question 32

What are possible causes of deafness

Answer 32

-Gradual hearing loss can be due to aging or exposure to loud noises over many years.
-conductive hearing loss can be caused due to a blockage such as earwax or an infection that can cause build up of fluid.
-sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to hair cells in the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve.

Question 33

Effects of deafness

Answer 33

-difficulty hearing people and misunderstand what they say
-asking people to repeat themselves
-finding it hard to keep up the conversation.
-complete deafness requires a hearing aid or implant.

Question 34

Treatment for deafness

Answer 34

Ear wax removal, surgery hearing aids cochlear implants

Question 35

Lifestyle impacts of deafness

Answer 35

Loss of independence, may need to learn how to use adaptive communication.
-withdrawn
-isolated
-self conscious.