LO6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pupil?

A

Is the opening in the middle of the eye through which light passes

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2
Q

What is the iris?

A

Is the visible coloured ring at the front of the eye. It adjusts to control the amount of light that entering the eye through the pupil

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3
Q

What is the tear glands?

A

(-Lacrimal glands) produces tears to clean and lubricate the front of the eye.
-The fluid contains salt and has natural antiseptic properties to defend against infection

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4
Q

What is the aqueous and vitreous humours?

A

The watery, jelly like fluids that fill the eye. They keep the eye in shape and nourish it.

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5
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

Is a thin membrane that protects the cornea

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6
Q

What is the cornea?

A

Is at the front of the eye and is transparent.; light rays pass through the cornea to the retina.

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7
Q

What is the retina?

A

Is the inner lining of the eye and contains light sensitive cells called rods and cones

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8
Q

What is the macula?

A

Has a very high concentration of photoreceptors cells; these detect light and send signals to the brain, which interprets them as images.

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9
Q

What is the optic nerve?

A

Where the nerve cells exit the eye.

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10
Q

What is the Ciliary muscle?

A

Enables the lens to change shape for focusing, it contracts to stretch the lens making it flatter and thinner

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11
Q

What is suspensory ligaments?

A

Attach the lens to the ciliary muscle

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12
Q

What is the lens?

A

Focuses light entering the eye

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13
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

An eye condition where the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, becomes damaged.

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14
Q

What are the causes of glaucoma?

A

-build up pressure in the eye when fluid aqueous humour is unable to drain properly. This damages the optic nerve.
-certain things can increase the risk such as age ethnicity, family history and diabetes.

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15
Q

What is age related macular degeneration? AMD

A

Affects the middle part of the eye

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16
Q

What is the causes of AMD

A

Unknown but had been linked to smoking,, high blood pressure and being overweight

17
Q

What are effects of AMD

A

-Does not cause total blindness however can make everyday activities difficult.
-colours seeming less bright
-hallucinations

18
Q

What is retinopathy?

A

Disease of the retina which involves retinal blood vessels

19
Q

Causes of retinopathy

A

-High blood levels damaging the retina over time high blood sugar levels cause blood vessels to narrow and leak
-this leads to abnormal blood flow to the retina
-this damages the cells in the retina

20
Q

Effects of retinopathy

A

-Can cause blindness if left untreated
-redness
-eye pain

21
Q

What is cataracts?

A

A cloudy area in the lenses of the eye. A condition that involves the lens of the eye to become progressively opaque resulting in blurred vision

22
Q

Causes of cataracts?

A

-diabetes
-exposure to ultraviolet light to sunlight
-smoking and drinking too much alcohol

23
Q

Effects of cataracts?

A

-Changes in lenses caused by again results in cloudy patches developed in the lenses
-bright lights may be dazzling and cause discomfort.
-causes blurred, cloud or misty vision.

24
Q

What is the eardrum?

A

Thin layer of tissue that receives sound vibrations and transmits them to the middle ear cavity.

25
Q

What is the stapes/incus/malleus ear bones?

A

Small bones that amplify the sound waves and transmit the vibrations across the middle ear to the cochlea

26
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

-Contains jelly like fluid in coiled tube. -Vibrations pass through the fluid and are converted to neutral messages
- passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

27
Q

What is the Organ of corti?

A

-Located in the cochlea.
-sometimes referred to as the body’s microphone
-lined with rows of hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses

28
Q

What is the eustachain tube?

A

Connects the middle ear to the throat. It ensures that the pressure in the middle ear is equal to the pressure outside the ear

29
Q

What is the Round window?

A

Drum like membrane. Vibrations from the oval window pass through it to the cochlea.

30
Q

What is the auditory nerve?

A

A bundle of nerve fibers that carry hearing information between the cochlea and the brain

31
Q

What is the semi circular canals and ampullae?

A

ALined with the cilia and as the movements of the cilia are communicated to the brain
-they work as a motion sensor to help keep your balance

32
Q

What are possible causes of deafness

A

-Gradual hearing loss can be due to aging or exposure to loud noises over many years.
-conductive hearing loss can be caused due to a blockage such as earwax or an infection that can cause build up of fluid.
-sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to hair cells in the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve.

33
Q

Effects of deafness

A

-difficulty hearing people and misunderstand what they say
-asking people to repeat themselves
-finding it hard to keep up the conversation.
-complete deafness requires a hearing aid or implant.

34
Q

Treatment for deafness

A

Ear wax removal, surgery hearing aids cochlear implants

35
Q

Lifestyle impacts of deafness

A

Loss of independence, may need to learn how to use adaptive communication.
-withdrawn
-isolated
-self conscious.