LO2

Question 1

What is the larynx

Answer 1

Connects the back of the nose and the tranchea, forming an air passage to the lungs

Question 2

What is the alveoli?

Answer 2

Facilitate gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between inhaled air and the blood stream.

Question 3

What is the tranchea?

Answer 3

-Carries out air in and out of the lungs, -it’s a stiff flexible tube/ pathway for oxygen to enter the body.

Question 4

What is the function of the bronchi

Answer 4

Distributed air throughout the lungs until reaching the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs.

Question 5

Bronchioles function

Answer 5

Help deliver air to diffuse network of millions of alveoli’s in the lungs

Question 6

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 6

Helps inhale and exhale

Question 7

Function of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 7

Pull down on the rib cage and push air out of the lungs

Question 8

What is the function of the pleural membrane?

Answer 8

Allow optimal expansion and contraception of lungs during breathing.

Question 9

What is the role of the intercostal muscles during inspiration?

Answer 9

-When breathing in, the intercostal muscles pull the rib cage upwards and outwards
- the diaphragm flatterns inwards.
-results of the two movements is an increase in volume and decrease in pressure
-this forces air into the lungs and they inflate

Question 10

What is the role of intercostal muscles during expiration

Answer 10

-The reverse happens to inspiration
- the diaphragm lifts back into a dome shape
-intercostal muscles pull the rib cage inwards and downwards
-these two movements force CO2 out of the lungs and they deflate

Question 11

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 11

The process that involves the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between capillaries and alveoli.

Question 12

How does the role of alveoli walls enables efficient gaseous exchange?

Answer 12

-exchange of oxygen takes place in the alveoli
- the alveoli walls are very thin (one cell thick)
-each alveoli is surrounded by capillaries through which gases are exchanged.
-this increases the surface area to allow maximum cross over.
-this makes the process efficient.

Question 13

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 13

-takes place in the mitochondria
-this converts biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP
-then release waste products.

Question 14

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 14

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 15

What is ATP?

Answer 15

-A high energy molecule found in every cell
-it’s job is to store and supply the cell with energy it needs
-it is like the energy currency of the body

Question 16

What are two types of cellular respiration?

Answer 16

Anaerobic- does not need oxygen
Aerobic - does need oxygen

Question 17

What is the formula of aerobic respiration

Answer 17

Glucose +oxygen ——-> Co2 + water

Question 18

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 18

Glucose —->pyruvate ——->lacteal

Question 19

What is asthma?

Answer 19

-Bronchi becomes inflamed and increases mucus production
-results in narrowing of the airways
-reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the alveoli for gas exchange

Question 20

Symptoms and effects of asthma

Answer 20

-being too breathless to eat, sleep or speak
-wheezing
-coughing becoming severe and constant

Question 21

Asthma causes/ triggers?

Answer 21

-smoke
-air pollution
-pet hair
-pollen
-cold air

Question 22

Asthma treatment

Answer 22

And inhaler prevent and reliever.

Question 23

Asthma lifestyle impacts

Answer 23

-Isolation: reduced social life/ activities
-fear and anxiety: unknown timing of next attack
-loss of earnings due to attacks

Question 24

What is emphysema

Answer 24

-increased inflammation and infections in airways due to chemicals irritating the bronchi
-destroying the cilia
-tissues collapse and surface area reduced.
-less gas exchange

Question 25

Emphysema symptoms

Answer 25

-Shortness of breath: may only happen when exercising
-a persistent chesty cough that does not go away
- frequent chest infections

Question 26

Causes of Emphysema

Answer 26

-Long term smoking
-exposure to air borne chemicals like asbestos

Question 27

Emphysema treatment

Answer 27

Inhalers

Question 28

Emphysema lifestyle impacts

Answer 28

-Reduced energy levels - affect day to day activities
-quit smoking
-may need to stop working

Question 29

What is cystic fibrosis

Answer 29

Inherited condition that causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system

Question 30

cystic fibrosis symptoms and affects

Answer 30

-Recurring chest infections
-shortness of breath
-diarrhoea

Question 31

cystic fibrosis causes

Answer 31

Defected gene present at birth. Have to have inherit the gene from both parents

Question 32

cystic fibrosis treatment

Answer 32

• steroids to reduce symptoms
  -physiotherapy
  -lung transplant

Question 33

cystic fibrosis lifestyle impacts

Answer 33

-life shortening
- restricts opportunities
- frequent hospital visits