LO2 Flashcards
What is the larynx
Connects the back of the nose and the tranchea, forming an air passage to the lungs
What is the alveoli?
Facilitate gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between inhaled air and the blood stream.
What is the tranchea?
-Carries out air in and out of the lungs, -it’s a stiff flexible tube/ pathway for oxygen to enter the body.
What is the function of the bronchi
Distributed air throughout the lungs until reaching the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs.
Bronchioles function
Help deliver air to diffuse network of millions of alveoli’s in the lungs
What is the function of the diaphragm?
Helps inhale and exhale
Function of the intercostal muscles?
Pull down on the rib cage and push air out of the lungs
What is the function of the pleural membrane?
Allow optimal expansion and contraception of lungs during breathing.
What is the role of the intercostal muscles during inspiration?
-When breathing in, the intercostal muscles pull the rib cage upwards and outwards
- the diaphragm flatterns inwards.
-results of the two movements is an increase in volume and decrease in pressure
-this forces air into the lungs and they inflate
What is the role of intercostal muscles during expiration
-The reverse happens to inspiration
- the diaphragm lifts back into a dome shape
-intercostal muscles pull the rib cage inwards and downwards
-these two movements force CO2 out of the lungs and they deflate
What is gaseous exchange?
The process that involves the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between capillaries and alveoli.
How does the role of alveoli walls enables efficient gaseous exchange?
-exchange of oxygen takes place in the alveoli
- the alveoli walls are very thin (one cell thick)
-each alveoli is surrounded by capillaries through which gases are exchanged.
-this increases the surface area to allow maximum cross over.
-this makes the process efficient.
What is cellular respiration?
-takes place in the mitochondria
-this converts biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP
-then release waste products.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What is ATP?
-A high energy molecule found in every cell
-it’s job is to store and supply the cell with energy it needs
-it is like the energy currency of the body
What are two types of cellular respiration?
Anaerobic- does not need oxygen
Aerobic - does need oxygen
What is the formula of aerobic respiration
Glucose +oxygen ——-> Co2 + water
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose —->pyruvate ——->lacteal
What is asthma?
-Bronchi becomes inflamed and increases mucus production
-results in narrowing of the airways
-reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the alveoli for gas exchange
Symptoms and effects of asthma
-being too breathless to eat, sleep or speak
-wheezing
-coughing becoming severe and constant
Asthma causes/ triggers?
-smoke
-air pollution
-pet hair
-pollen
-cold air
Asthma treatment
And inhaler prevent and reliever.
Asthma lifestyle impacts
-Isolation: reduced social life/ activities
-fear and anxiety: unknown timing of next attack
-loss of earnings due to attacks
What is emphysema
-increased inflammation and infections in airways due to chemicals irritating the bronchi
-destroying the cilia
-tissues collapse and surface area reduced.
-less gas exchange
Emphysema symptoms
-Shortness of breath: may only happen when exercising
-a persistent chesty cough that does not go away
- frequent chest infections
Causes of Emphysema
-Long term smoking
-exposure to air borne chemicals like asbestos
Emphysema treatment
Inhalers
Emphysema lifestyle impacts
-Reduced energy levels - affect day to day activities
-quit smoking
-may need to stop working
What is cystic fibrosis
Inherited condition that causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system
cystic fibrosis symptoms and affects
-Recurring chest infections
-shortness of breath
-diarrhoea
cystic fibrosis causes
Defected gene present at birth. Have to have inherit the gene from both parents
cystic fibrosis treatment
- steroids to reduce symptoms
-physiotherapy
-lung transplant
cystic fibrosis lifestyle impacts
-life shortening
- restricts opportunities
- frequent hospital visits
