LO4 Flashcards
Whay is osteoarthritis
Erosion of the articular cartilage, bones are caused to rub causing inflammation and restricted joint movement
Symptoms and effects of osteoarthritis
-Joint pain and stiffness
-swelling
-tenderness
Causes of osteoarthritis
-Repeated joint movement
-previous injuries
-sports/ work
osteoarthritis treatments
-Steroids to reduce inflammation
-painkillers
-surgery/joint replacement
Osteoarthritis lifestyle impacts
-Pain: makes activities difficult which can cause weight gain which puts more strain on joints.
-less sleep can affect emotions
- day to day activities being independent become difficult
What is rheumatoid arthritis
-Antibodies attack joint linings
-causing inflammation and swelling
-long term can cause bone and cartilage to be destroyed
rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and effects
-Joint pain
-swelling and stiffness
rheumatoid arthritis treatment
-Painkillers
-physiotherapy
-surgery/joint replacement
rheumatoid arthritis lifestyle impacts
Same as osteoarthritis
What are components of the synovial joint?
-muscle
-bone
-ligament
-tendon
-cartilage
-synovial capsule
-synovial fluid
What is the function of the muscle?
It contracts and relaxes to move the joint
What is the function of the bone
Provides the framework and support for the attachment of the muscles and other tissues
What is the function of the ligament?
Attaches one bone to another bone
What is the function of the tendon
Attaches the muscle to the bone
What is the function of the cartilage?
Reduces friction and absorbs shock in the joint, allowing the joint to move smoothly
What is the function of the synovial capsule?
Gets rid of synovial fluid and maintains joint stability
What is the function of the synovial fluid?
Lubricates and nourishes the joint
Why do muscles have to work in pairs to create movement?
They can only “pull” when they contract they cannot “push”
Name 5 types of joints and where it is located
-Ball and socket: hip/shoulder
-pivot: neck
-hinge: elbow/ knee
-sliding/ gliding: wrist/ ankle
-fixed: pelvis
What is osteoporosis?
Due to low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. Leading to fragility and fractures.
Osteoporosis causes?
- Age
-family history
-heavy drinking and smoking
-women have a greater risk of getting osteoporosis
Symptoms of osteoporosis
Often no obvious symptoms however until a minor fall or a sudden impact causes a fracture. In some cases a cough or a sneeze can cause a rib fracture.
Monitoring and Treatment for osteoporosis
Monitoring:
-DEXA scans which measures bone mineral density
-blood tests
Treatments:
-taking calcium and vitamin D supplements
-taking medication to strengthen bone
-using TENS
What is the agonist?
The muscle that is contracting or shortening
What is a joint?
Formed of tissue and cartilage and is the areas where two or more bones connect. Its main function is to enable a part of the body to move
