LO3 Flashcards
What is the buccal cavity?
Is it the mouth, food is chewed/ broken down. Also known as the oral cavity
What is the salivary glands?
Produces saliva, helps moisten food and makes it easier to swallow
What is the epiglottis?
Is a flap of cartilage behind the root of the tongue , which covers the opening of the windpipe when swallowing food
What is the oesophagus?
A muscular tube that connects the throat with the stomach. Foods moves down through the oesophagus to the stomach.
-peristalsis , a squeezing action by the muscles , helps food moves down to the stomach.
What is the stomach?
Is a sac (bag) with muscular walls that churn the food to break it up. It produces hydrochloric acid and enzymes to digest food.
What is the small intestine?
-small intestine is in the duodenum.
-food is partially digested by the stomach and is called chyme, and is chemically altered by fluids from the liver and the by the bile from the pancreas.
-the duodenum is lined with the villi that increase the surface area and help absorption of nutrients into the blood stream.
What is the large intestine?
Reabsorbs fluids and processes waste products in preparation for elimination from the body.
What is chemical digestion?
Nutrients are broken down by enzymes to smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the blood and used by cells.
- stomach mixes food with enzymes and hydrochloric acid while churning it.
What is pepsins function and what is the site of action
Pepsins Function- breaks down large protein molecules into smaller polypeptides.
Site of action- stomach
What is amylase function and site of action
Amylase function- breaks down starch into maltose
Site of action- buccal cavity and duodenum
What is protease function and site of action?
Protease function - breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids.
Site of action- duodenum
What is the lipases function and site of action
Function- breaks down fat into glycerol
Site of action- duodenum
What is mechanical digestion
Food is physically broken down to make it smaller. Whether that be :
-chewing action- in the buccal cavity
-stomach- churns the food to break it down
- small intestine- the bile emulsifies lipids into fats, which helps with the mechanical digestion of fats
What is needed for emulsification
Bile
Emulsification happens by…
The bile sack break fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Why does emulsification need to happen?
So soluble fat molecules can be broken down into fatty acids so that they can be aborbed into the blood.
What is the digestion role of pancreatic juice
- the pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine in pancreatic juice
- released into the duodenum
- help the body digest fats.
Digestive role of the bile
- bile is a digestive juice produced by the liver.
- helps the body absorb fat into the bloodstreams
- stored in the gallbladder until the body needs it to digest fat.
-enters the small intestine through the bile duct. - bile emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid.
What is absorption
-Absorption refers to how the nutrients extracted from are absorbed into the blood stream in the small intestine.
-villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine wall to enable efficient absorption.
Structure of the digestive system order
BIG - buccal cavity
ELEPHANTS- epiglottis
OFTEN- oesophagus
START- stomach
LOVING - liver
GOOD - gall bladder and duct
PARTIES- pancreas and duct
DANCING - duodenum
IN - ileum
LARGE - large intestine
ROOMS- rectum and anus
What is the role of liver in assimilation?
- the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body
-where they are then used, so that they become part of those cells.
-excess glucose in the blood is converted into glycogen to be stored or broken down though respiration, producing energy.
What is IBS
Muscles in the intestine wall especially the colon after their normal rhythm - contract too quick or too slow, which results in constipation or diarrhoea.
IBS symptoms and effects
Stomach cramps, diarrhoea, constipation.
Causes of IBS
can be triggered by diet, alcohol , stress
IBS treatment
Antibiotics, avoid triggers.
IBS care needs
Dietician to change diet, emotional support to deal with symptoms
IBS lifestyle impacts
-time off work due to symptoms/ regular hospital visits.
-specific/ restricted diet which can cause social or emotional effects.
-pain/ embarrassment of symptoms.
What is coeliac disease
Mine system destroys the villi and microvilli of the ileum: results in reduced surface area so reduce absorption of nutrients
Symptoms and affects of coeliac disease?
Diarrhoea, constipation, bloating/ flatulence.
Lifestyle impacts of coeliac disease
Same as IBS
What is gallstones
-Imbalance crystals form in the gall bladder
-turn into stones
-These can block the bile duct stopping bile flowing from the ball bladder to the duodenumz.
-This puts pressure on damages liver cells
Symptoms and effects of gallstones
Abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of skin) , diarrhoea.
Treatment of coliac disease
Steroids to reduce inflammation and suppress immune response, gluten free diet.
Causes of gall stones
Imbalance of minerals and salts in the bile, risk factors could include females, overweight and IBS.
Causes of coeliac disease
Autoimmune response to the gluten protein in wheat.
Treatment of gallstones
Removal of gallbladder, medication
Impact on lifestyle of gallstones
-Chronic pain cause effect work/ sleep/ emotional
-surgery- recovery time affect work
-restricted movement and breathing due to to pain.
