LL1 - Muscles

Question 1

list the muscles of the gluteal superficial layer (4)

Answer 1

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

Question 2

list the muscles of the gluteal deep layer (5)

Answer 2

gemellus superior
gemellus inferior
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
piriformis

Question 3

common action of the muscles of the gluteal deep layer?

Answer 3

lateral knee rotation

Question 4

list the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh (7)

Answer 4

pectineus
iliopsoas
sartorius
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis

Question 5

what are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris? what thigh compartment do they belong to?

Answer 5

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis

anterior thigh compartment

Question 6

list the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh (5)

Answer 6

adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracilis
obturator externus

Question 7

list the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh (3) - what is this group also called? what common actions (2) are they involved in?

Answer 7

semitendinous
semimembranous
biceps femoris

hamstring muscle group - hip extension & knee flexion

Question 8

which two of the gluteal superficial muscles insert on the greater trochanter of the femur?

Answer 8

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus

Question 9

where does the tensor fascia lata insert?

Answer 9

iliotibial tract

Question 10

innervations of the gluteus maximus, medius, minimus & tensor fascia lata?

Answer 10

gluteus maximus - inferior gluteal nerve
gluteus medius, minimus & tensor fascia lata - superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

what clinical sign is present if the superior gluteal nerve function is affected?

Answer 11

Trendelenburg sign - pelvic drop, if weight is shifted to the affected side, the pelvis on the opposite side drops down

Question 12

what muscle of the gluteal superficial layer isn’t innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 12

gluteus maximus

Question 13

actions of the gluteus maximus, medius, minimus & tensor fascia lata?

Answer 13

gluteus maximus - hip extension & lateral rotation (with deep lateral rotator muscles)

gluteus medius & minimus - hip abduction & medial rotation

tensor fascia lata - stabilises hip and knee joint indirectly via IT band

Question 14

what three muscles of the thigh insert on the pec anserinus?

Answer 14

sartorius (anterior compartment)
gracilis (medial)
semitendinosus (posterior)

Question 15

innervation to anterior thigh compartment? what muscle is the exception?

Answer 15

femoral nerve

iliopsoas muscle consists of 2 parts - psoas major innervated by anterior rami of L1-3 nerves; iliacus innervated by femoral nerve

Question 16

insertion, action & innervation of the vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedialis?

Answer 16

insertion - patella, via quadriceps femoris tendon

action - knee extension

innervation - femoral nerve

Question 17

which muscle is known as the ‘crossing legs’ muscle? what actions does this involve?

Answer 17

sartorius - hip flexion, abduction and lateral rotation, knee flexion

Question 18

what passes through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 18

femoral artery and vein