Abdomen 1 - GI Tract (Oral cavity, Pharynx & Tongue) Flashcards
parasympathetic innervation to foregut structures?
vagus nerve
sympathetic innervation to foregut structures?
greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)
parasympathetic innervation to midgut structures?
vagus nerve
sympathetic innervation to midgut structures?
lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11)
parasympathetic innervation to hindgut structures?
pelvic splanchnic nerves
sympathetic innervation to hindgut structures?
lumbar splanchnic nerves
layers of the GI tract (outer to inner)?
- serosa
- muscularis externa - outer longitudinal; inner circular layers
3, submucosa - contains submucosal glands - mucosa - muscularis mucosa, lamina propria, epithelium
where is the myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus located? function?
located between the longitudinal & circular muscle layers; controls gut motility
where is the submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus located? function?
within the submucosal layer; regulates secretions & blood flow
the myenteric & submucosal plexuses are part of WHAT nervous system?
enteric nervous system
what is meant by intraperitoneal?
an organ completely covered by visceral peritoneum - attaches to abdominal wall/other organs by double folds of peritoneum
what is meant by extraperitoneal?
an organ not fully covered by peritoneal (only partly); lies outside peritoneal cavity
what is meant by retroperitoneal?
covered by peritoneum only on the anterior wall (plastered surface on posterior surface)
describe the differing peritoneal relationship between the head & tail of the pancreas
head is retroperitoneal
tail is intraperitoneal
what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
what are the two main divisions of the oral cavity?
- oral vestibule (space between teeth and cheeks)
- oral cavity proper (behind teeth)
what is the roof, floor & lateral walls of the oral cavity?
roof = hard and soft palate
floor = tongue & muscular diaphragm of mylohyoid & geniohyoid
lateral walls = buccinator muscle (cheeks)
the hard palate is formed by WHAT two bones?
palatine process of maxilla
horizontal plate of palatine bone
sensory innervation to the roof of the oral cavity? (the hard & soft palate)
maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CNV2)
sensory innervation to the floor & lateral walls of the oral cavity?
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
what is the difference between the hard & soft palate?
hard palate - bony hard structure, more anterior
soft palate - soft, consists of muscles, more posterior
what 5 muscles does the soft palate consist of?
muscularis uvulae
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini
what is the name of the leaf-shaped cartilage located at the base of the tongue?
epiglottis
what is the function of the epiglottis?
prevents food entering the airway during swallowing; closing over the laryngeal inlet – directs food to oesophagus
what happens to the epiglottis during breathing?
remains open; allows airflow into the trachea
what soft palate muscle is the only one not innervated by the vagus nerve?
A: muscularis uvulae
B: palatoglossus
C: palatopharyngeus
D: tensor veli palatini
E: levator veli palatini
D: tensor veli palatini - innervated by CNV3
action of the levator veli palatini?
- elevates soft palate - closes off nasopharynx during swallowing
- helps open auditory tube (for pressure equalisation in middle ear)
action of the muscularis uvuale?
elevates & retracts uvula - contributes to gag reflex
action of the tensor veli palatini?
tenses soft palate
helps open auditory tube
action of palatoglossus?
depresses soft palate
elevates tongue
action of palatopharyngeus?
depresses soft palate
elevates pharynx during swallowing
which two muscles of the soft palate originate from the palatine aponeurosis?
A: muscularis uvulae
B: palatoglossus
C: palatopharyngeus
D: tensor veli palatini
E: levator veli palatini
B: palatoglossus
C: palatopharyngeus
which two muscles of the soft palate insert on the palatine aponeurosis?
A: muscularis uvulae
B: palatoglossus
C: palatopharyngeus
D: tensor veli palatini
E: levator veli palatini
D: tensor veli palatini
E: levator veli palatini
which two muscles of the soft palate are involved in pressure equalisation of the middle ear?
A: muscularis uvulae
B: palatoglossus
C: palatopharyngeus
D: tensor veli palatini
E: levator veli palatini
D: tensor veli palatini
E: levator veli palatini - both open up the auditory tube
which muscle of the soft palate is involved in the gag reflex?
A: muscularis uvulae
B: palatoglossus
C: palatopharyngeus
D: tensor veli palatini
E: levator veli palatini
A: muscularis uvuale
general innervation to muscles of the soft palate? which muscle is the exception?
vagus nerve; tensor veli palatini is the exception - innervated by CNV3 (mandibular division)
the floor of the oral cavity is formed by a muscular diaphragm, which is supported by TWO muscles. what are they?
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
actions of mylohyoid?
- depresses mandible (helps gravity)
- elevates hyoid bone & tongue during swallowing
- forms main floor of mouth
innervation to mylohyoid?
CNV3 via nerve to mylohyoid
action of geniohyoid?
- helps depress mandible (with gravity)
- widens pharynx during swallowing
- elevates hyoid bone
what muscle mainly constitutes the lateral walls of the oral cavity?
buccinator muscle
function of buccinator muscle?
- tenses cheek
- moves food from oral vestibule to oral cavity proper
innervation to buccinator muscle?
CN7 (facial nerve)
what occurs as a result of weakness of the buccinator muscle?
food accumulation in the oral vestibule – affects chewing
the pterygomandibular raphe is a - fibrous connective tissue band that serves as an attachment point for two muscles:
superior pharyngeal constrictor
buccinator
what are the 3 major salivary glands?
parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
the parotid gland is over WHAT muscle?
A: buccinator
B: temporalis
C: orbicularis oris
D: masseter
D: masseter
the temporomandibular joint is formed by the articulations between WHAT three surfaces?
head of mandible
mandibular fossa
articular tubercle of temporal bone
surfaces of the temporomandibular joint don’t come into contact with each other as they’re separated by…
an articular disc of fibrocartilage
what nerve innervates all muscles of mastication?
CNV3 (mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)
innervation to pharyngeal constrictors?
vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
what structure divides the tongue into its two parts?
terminal sulcus - divides tongue into anterior 2/2 and posterior 1/3
general sensory innervation to the tongue - anterior & posterior parts?
anterior - CNV3 (mandibular division)
posterior - CN9 (glossopharyngeal)
special sensory innervation to the tongue - anterior & posterior parts?
anterior - CN7 (facial - via chorda tympani branch)
posterior - CN9 (glossopharyngeal)
to do:
actions of mastication muscles
