UL1- Osteology of the shoulder, arm & elbow Flashcards
two important functions of the clavicle?
- transfers weight to the axial skeleton as the only connection between UL & axial skeleton
- allows for greater mobility of the UL by acting as a strut
articulations forming the sternoclavicular joint?
sternal/medial end of the scapula & sternum
articulations forming the acromioclavicular joint?
lateral/ acromial end of the clavicle & acromion process of the scapula
significance of the subclavian groove?
where the subclavian muscle sits
significance of the conoid tubercule?
where the conoid ligament inserts itself onto inferior aspect of clavicle
significance of the trapezoid line?
where the trapezoid ligament inserts itself onto inferior aspect of clavicle
what forms the coracoclavicular ligament?
conoid and trapezoid ligaments together - pass from the coracoid process & come together
compare the sternal and acromial ends of the clavicle
sternal end is thicker and more quadrangular
acromial end is flatter
what ribs does the scapula cover in its resting anatomical position?
lies on the posterior thoracic wall – usually overlies ribs 2-7
what surface features can be found on the inferior surface of the clavicle? (from most medial to lateral)
the inferior surface has three main grooves - subclavian groove, conoid tubercle and trapezoid line
three borders of the scapula?
medial
lateral
superior
two angles of the scapula?
superior angle - between medial & superior borders
inferior angle - between medial & lateral borders
what joint does the glenoid cavity articulating with the head of the humerus form?
glenohumeral/ shoulder joint
three main fossae of the scapula?
supraspinous
infraspinous
subscapular
what muscle does the supraspinous fossa give rise to? where does it lie in relation to the spine of scapula?
gives rise to supraspinatus muscle
lies superior to the spine of scapula
which scapula fossa gives rise to the subscapularis muscle?
subscapular fossa
what muscle does the infraspinous muscle give rise to?
infraspinatus muscle
three main fossa of the scapula - what muscle do they each give rise to?
supraspinous fossa –> supraspinatus
infraspinous fossa –> infraspinatus
subscapular fossa –> subscapularis
why is the clavicle a common fracture site?
the clavicle transfers weight from the upper limb to the axial skeleton - prone to fracture
largest bone in the upper limb?
humerus - extends from the shoulder to the elbow
what are the two necks of the humerus, and how are they different?
anatomical neck - lies between the head of the humerus and the tubercles
surgical neck - lies below the tubercles where the humerus narrows
why is the surgical neck of the humerus clinically significant?
common fracture site - can damage the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
what attaches to the anatomical neck of the humerus?
the glenohumeral joint capsule
which rotator cuff muscles insert onto the greater tubercle of the humerus?
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
which rotator cuff muscle inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
subscapularis
function of the intertubercular sulcus? what structure runs through it?
groove between the greater & lesser tubercles of the humerus
long head of the biceps brachii tendon runs through it
describe the course of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon from the intertubercular sulcus
runs through the intertubercular sulcus - through the glenohumeral joint capsule - attaches into the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
role of the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus?
deltoid muscle runs down and inserts here (on lateral surface)
what structures are associated with the radial (spiral) groove of the humerus?
radial nerve
profunda brachii artery
articulations forming the humeroulnar joint?
humeral trochlea articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna (medial)
articulations forming the humeroradial joint?
humeral capitulum articulates with the head of the radius (lateral)
function of the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
attachment site for wrist flexors
function of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
attachment site for wrist extensors
role of the radial fossa of the distal humerus?
accommodates the head of the radius during elbow flexion
what structure does the coronoid fossa of the humerus accommodate, and when?
accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna during elbow flexion
role of the olecranon fossa?
(posterior humerus) accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna during elbow extension
what does the trochlear notch of the ulna articulate with? what joint does this form?
articulates with trochlea of the humerus - forms the humeroulnar joint
what does the head of the radius articulate with to form the humeroradial joint?
capitulum of the humerus
articulations forming the proximal radioulnar joint?
radial notch of the ulna articulates with the radial head
what movement does the proximal radioulnar joint allow for?
pronation and supination - allows for rotation of the radius
what muscle inserts itself on the ulna tuberosity? what movement does this allow for?
brachialis muscle inserts - allows for elbow flexion
what joints does the radial head help form?
proximal radioulnar joint
humeroradial joint
what muscle inserts itself on the radial tuberosity? what movements (2) does this allow for?
biceps brachii muscle inserts - allows for forearm supination & helps elbow flexion
