Living organisms

Question 1

Characteristics of organisms (mrs gren c)

Answer 1

Movement: action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.
Respiration: the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.
Sensitivity: ability to detect or sense changes (stimuli) in their surroundings and to make appropriate responses.
Growth and development: a permanent increase in size and dry mass (growth) and an increase in complexity (development).
Reproduction: the processes that make more of the same kind of organism.
Excretion: the removal from organisms of toxic materials and the waste products of metabolism.
Nutrition: the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development.
Homeostasis: the ability to control their internal conditions.

Question 2

What is a eukaryotes

Answer 2

Organisms that have a cell membrane and which have the genetic material inside of the nucleus. Can be multi or uni cellular.

Question 3

Types of eukaryotes

Answer 3

Animals, plants, Fungi

Question 4

Features of plant cells

Answer 4

1.Multicellular
2. Consists of a nucleus, chloroplasts and cellulose cells.
3. Nutrition: Photosynthesis
4. Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose.
5. Has large vacuole.
Examples: cereals, sunflower.

Question 5

Features of animal cells

Answer 5

1. Multicellular
2. don’t have cell walls or chloroplasts
3. feed by organic substances made by other organisms.
4. Store carbohydrates as glycogen
   Examples: humans, dogs

Question 6

Features of Fungi

Answer 6

1.Most are multicellular with a mycelium of thread-like structures called hyphae which have many nuclei but some are single-celled eg. yeast
2.cells have nuclei and cells walls made from chintin.
3. Feed by saprotrophic( decaying material) or parasitic (live material).
4. May store carbohydrates as glycogen
Example: Yeast mushrooms, mould

Question 7

Features of protoctists and a example

Answer 7

1. Most are unicellular
2. All have nucleus.
3. ay have cell walls and chloroplasts, meaning some protoctista photosynthesise
4. feed on organic substances made by other living things like animals
   * examples include amoeba , Chlorella

Question 8

Prokaryotic features and an example

Answer 8

do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Are unicellular.
have cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids.
mainly feed off other organisms, either dead or alive.
some can photosynthesise.
Example bacteria

Question 9

what is a Pathogen with example

Answer 9

organism that causes disease

Fungi, protoctists, bacteria and viruses can all be pathogens

Question 10

What are viruses and their features

Answer 10

1. Smaller than bacteria
2. not made from cells and not considered living organisms. ( don’t conduct all life processes)
3. Parasitic – reproduce inside host cells. make multiple copies and then bursts out of the cell to spread throughout the host by taking control of cell’s mechanism.
4. can infect any living cell
5. the envelop to gain entry into the host cells (the envelop is the membrane of the virus)
6. capsid is a protein coat used to protect the genetic information
7. DNA or RNA contains the code for building new viruses

Question 11

Levels of organism

Answer 11

Oraganelles: cells structures with specialised with a specific function
cells: basic functional structural units in a living organism
tissues: a group of cells working together carrying out the same function
organs: made from different tissues working together performing specific function.
organ systems: groups of organs carrying out a specific body functions.