Liver Dysfunction - Exam 2 Flashcards
Sources of Hepatitis A
Crowded conditions, poor personal hygiene, poor sanitization, contaminated food, milk, H20, infected food handlers, sexual contact
Sources of Hepatitis B
contaminated needles, syringes, and blood products, asymptomatic carriers, sexual contact, tattoos, piercings
Sources of Hepatitis C
Blood and blood products, needles, syringes, and blood products, sexual contact with infected partners
Toxic sources of Hepatitis
Systemic posions: carbon tetrachloride and gold compounds
Toxic/drug/chemical induced hepatitis
acetaminophen, INH, chlorothalazide (Diurill), methotrexate, methyldopa
Causes of Cirrhosis
Alcohol abuse
Postnecrotic: complication of viral, toxic, or idiopathic
Biliary: chronic billiary obstruction and infection
Cardiac: long standing, severe right sided heart failure
Active Natural Immunity
Natural contact with the antigen through clinical infection
Active Artificial Immunity
Immunization with an antigen (vaccine)
Passive Natural Immunity
Transplacental and colostrum trasnfer from mother to child
Passive Artificial Immunity
Infection of serum from immune human (providing antibodies)
Hepatitis A Immunity
- Active Natural - Contact with the antigen through clinical infection
- Active Artificial - HAV is inactivated Hepatitis A virus. Route is IM in the deltoid. Booster recommended. All children over the age of 1 should receive the vaccine, as should others at risk. Pre exposure prophylaxis as well as postexposure
- Passive natural - Mother must have h/o Hep A or is vaccinated against
- Passive Artificial - Immunoglobulin can be used for either pre or post exposure prophylaxsis. It is temporary immunity. Must be given within 2 weeks after exposure. May be given to household contacts, as well as co-working food handlers and patrons of restaurants
Hepatitis B Immunity
- Active Natural - Natural contact with antigen through clinical infection
- Active Artificial - HBV uses recombinant DNA to synthesize Hep. B antigen. Route is IM in the deltoid. Booster recommended. Vaccine is routine for all newborns and adolescents, as well as others at risk (health care workers). Used for pre and post exposure prophylaxis.
- Passive Natural - Mother must be vaccinated or have been exposed through active natural contact with Hep B
- Passive Artificial - Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is recommended for post exposure prophylaxis. It is temporary immunity. It is given within 24 hours of exposure. May be given in cases of needle stick mucus membrane contact or sexual exposure, and also to newborns of Hep B positive mothers
Hepatitis C Immunity
No vaccine available
Bilary Artesia
A progressive inflammatory process that causes both intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct fibrosis, resulting in obstructive bile flow
Portal Hypertension
The structural changes in the liver from the cirrhotic process causes obstruction to the normal flow of blood through the portal system. Obstruction leads to increased pressure.