Cardiovascular Physical Assessment - Exam 1 Flashcards
Bradycardia
Slow resting heart rate. Less than 60 BPM
Tachycardia
Fast resting heart rate. Above 100 BPM
Normal PR interval
0.12-0.20 seconds
Normal QRS interval
Less than or equal to 0.12 seconds
Normal jugular vein distention (JVD)
Less than 3cm at 30 degrees head elevation
Order of assessment
Insepction, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
Normal PR Interval
0.12-0.20 seconds which is 3-5 small boxes
Normal QRS Interval
Less than or equal to 0.12 seconds which is 3 boxes or less
S1
First heart sound. Soft “Lubb”
Occurs at the end of the QRS interval. The ventricles depolarize, causing them to contract and the M & T valves to snap shut. Happens during Systole.
S2
Second heart sound. Sharp “Dubb”
Occurs during the T wave when the ventricles relax and the A & P valves snap shut. Happens during diastole
Normal characteristics for pulses
Normally 2+, equal bilaterally, with 0 meaning absent and 4+ being strong and bounding
Apical Pulse
Pulse counted for 1 minute at the 5th intercostal mid clavicular line
Normal Characteristics of the Carotid Arteries
Pulses equal in rate, rhythm, and strength bilaterally; unchanged by inspiration, expiration, or rotation of the neck
Normal characteristics of heart sounds
Regular intervals between each sequence of beats with a distinct pause between the two sounds. AKA lub dub, each lub dub counting as one heart beat.
Normal characteristics of jugular veins
3cm or less above the sternal angle is considered normal (angle of Louis)
Point of Maximum Impulse (PMI)
Point where apex of the heart is closest to the surface in the thorax (usually 5th intercostal mid clavicular line)
Heaves
Sustained lifts of chest wall that can be seen or palpated
Cardiac cell makeup
Cell is normally negative and more potassium is inside while sodium is outside. When the cell depolarizes, the cell becomes more positive and sodium rapidly enters the cell. Repolarization is the cell slowly going back to it’s normal state.
Exercise/Stress Testing
Used to evaluate the cardiovascular response to physical stress (not used with pacemakers)