Liver Cirrhosis

Question 1

Why do patients with liver cirrhosis needs low protein diet?

Answer 1

Liver breaks down protein into ammonia which is neurotoxic

Question 2

Effects of liver cell failure

Answer 2

1) coma
2) asterixis ( flapping)
3) spider angiomata
4) bruising
5) testicular atrophy ( high levels of oestrogen)
6) jaundice
7) edema
8) gynaecomastia

Question 3

Effects of portal hypertension

Answer 3

1) esophageal varices
2) hemorrhoids
3) ascites
4) splenomegaly
5) caput medusae

Question 4

Causes of liver cirrhosis

Answer 4

Chronic viral hepatitis B and C
Alcohol
Hemochromatosis- too much iron
NAFLD

Question 5

Risk factors for cirrhosis

Answer 5

Alcohol
Excessive weight
Hep B and C

Question 6

Complications of liver cirrhosis
Flow

Answer 6

Ascites+ edema
Bacterial peritonitis
Splenomegaly
Varices

Question 7

Complications of liver cirrhosis ( formulate)

Answer 7

Decreased synthesis of
-clotting factors - bleeding
- protein -help keep fuids un intravascular space by attracting sodium.
- not enough albumin, and fluid shift to extremities and abdomen
- mulnutrition

Question 8

Classic sign of liver damage among those below 50 years old

Answer 8

Palmar erythema due to increase of estrogen

Redness on the outer edge of palm

Other causes: overactive thryroid or rheumatoid arthritis

Question 9

Damage to hepatocytes will cause certain things to increase, what are they?

Answer 9

Renin - increase BP due to vasoconstriction
Adosterone-reabsorption of sodium, increase volume
ADH - reduce fluid loss

Question 10

Dietary management for liver cirrhosis

Answer 10

Low sodium 2g/day
Restrict fluid to 1L only if sodium less than 120

Question 11

Main cause of ascites

Answer 11

Increased lymph production
Portal htn
Damage to hepatocytes