Liver and Gall Bladder Flashcards
Describe what occurs in stage I biotransformation.
Activation of substrate side chains through oxidation or reduction allowing for the use of the compound in phase 2 biotransformation.
Describe what occurs during Stage II biotransformation
During this stage, the substrate is made for soluble for excretion in the urine or fecal material.
This is done via sulfonation, glucosination, or acetylation.
What is the main difference between bile salts and bile acids?
Bile acids are created from cholesterol.
The bile acids then undergo both phase I and phase II biotransformation and are formed into Bile salts that are excreted for fat emulsion.
Portal hypertension will cause what systemic problem?
Has the potential to cause systemic edema leading to varices as well as ascities and hepatic encphalopathy.
Biliary Cirhossis of the liver is a result of what?
A blockage in the bile duct can lead to destruction of liver tissue causing cirhosis.
What is cholelithiasis?
The formation of either cholesterol of pigment gallstones in the gallbladder
How are cholesterol gallstones created?
These form as a result of over production of cholsterol or impaired production of bile salts.
How are pigmented gallstones created?
These are derived from calcium billirubinate or other pigmented polymers.
What is Cholecystitis?
An inflammation of the gal bladder which can occur from a stone being lodged in the cystic duct.
