Abosrption I Flashcards
What are the three sources of Carbohydrate break down?
Alpha amylase from the mouth
Alpha amylase from the pancrease
Brush border enzymes.
What receptor is responsible for moving galactose and glucose into the intestinal cells?
SGLT1
Sodium- glucose transporter.
Which sugar transporter is responsible for moving fructose into the intestinal cells?
Glut 5
F for Five and Fructose
What transporter allows the movement of all sugars from inside the intestinal cells to the blood?
Glut 2
Which just allows free transfer via the gradient of glucose, galactose, and fructose.
What are the three sources of protein break down enzymes?
Pepsinogen/Pepsin from the stomach chief cells
Pancreatic Trypsin
Brush border peptidases from small intestine.
Which two enzymes aid in lipid digestion and what stimulates thier release?
Lingual lipase and gastric lipase stimulated by CCK release.
The formation of Micelles from biles salts allows the fat to move into what compartment?
Micelles allow the fat to move into the cells of the intestine.
Following the entry of Fat into the intestinal cells, how is the fat moved into the blod?
Fat is then bound to chylomicrons via cellular lipoproteins and transported into the blood.
Which receptor is responsible for absorbing cholesterol from micelles?
NPC1L1 receptor.
What are the fat soluble vitamins carried in the micelles?
DEAK
Where is Folic Acid absoarbed
The intestine specifically the duodenum through an exchange protein.
Where is Vitamin B12 absoarbed
The duodenum through use of Intrinsic factor.
After Vitamin B12 is bound to IF from parietal cells, how is it transfered to the blood?
Vitamin B 12 will then bind transcolbumin II within the intestinal cells where it will then enter the blood and be stored in the liver.
How is Calcium uptake regulated?
Vitamin D regulated the positioning of cellular calcium channels in the duodenum.
What vitamin is Calcium absorption dependent upon?
Vitamin D.
How is Iron taken up into the small intestine?
Iron will bind transferrin and enter the small intestinal cells.
How is iron brought and carried in the blood?
The iron binds plasma transferrin allowing blood transport and liver storage.
How is Ferric Iron oxidized to Ferrous iron?
Vitamin C is able to convert Fe3+ (Ferric) to Fe2+ soluble ferous iron.
What specific membrane transporter can faciliatate Iron absorption
Divalent cation transporter
DCT1.
How does lactose intolerance cause problems?
Loss of brush border lactase causes lactose to chill in the intestinal lumen.
This lactose holds onto water (changes osmolarity) leading to diahrea.
Gas is produced as well causing discomfort.
What is Celiac sprue?
Loss of the villi due to an autoimmune reaction typically with a gluten sensitivity.
What is pernicious anemia?
Lack of intrinsic factor thus meaning a lack of B12 which is essential for DNA/cell production.
See anemia with RBC that have increased in size.
