GI mouth and esophagus Flashcards
What are the two secretions from the mouth!
Alpha amylase
Mucin
Mostly produced by the parotid gland.
What is the mechanism for saliva production?
Ach stimulating muscarinic receptors causes chloride and sodium to enter the lumen.
As the water travels, the sodium is taken back up. Bicarb is traded for K + and the water is not allowed to escape.
What is the primary initiator of swallowing?
Ach! Binds to muscarinic receptors resulting in the secretion of salivary components.
What are some of the secondary stimulators of saliva release?
Substance P
Norepinephrine - Inhibits in large doses
Acetylcholine.
What occurs in the oral phase of swallowing?
Voluntary phase in which the tongue presses against the roof of the mouth moving food into the pharynx and initiating the swallowing reflex.
What occurs during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?
Soft palate moved downward preventing reflux.
Upper esophageal sphincter closes and peristaltic waves are initiated.
What occurs during the esophageal phase of swallowing?
Primary peristaltic wave moves food towards the stomach.
Regulated by Ach, NO, and VIP.
Excitatory and inhibitory portions of the esophagus are mediated by what chemicals?
Acetylcholine - contractions
NO and VIP - Relaxation of esophagus.
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing due to a number of issues.
What is achlasia?
Denervation of the esophageal smooth muscle causing impaired function of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Can lead to dysphagia.
What is Sjorgens syndrome?
Autoimmune disease of the salivary glands.
What is gERD?
Reflux of the gastric contents into the esophagus can cause inflammation.
