Liver Flashcards
where is the normal liver?
under costal arch
between stomach and diaphragm
what is the echogenicity of the liver in dogs?
hypoechoic to spleen
iso- or hyperechoic to kidney
what is the echogenicity of the falciform ligament compared to the liver?
iso- or hyperechoic to liver
what can indicate an enlarged liver on radiographs?
rounded margins
protruding beyond costal arch
what is the normal size of the common bile duct?
1-3mm in dogs
up to 4mm in cats
what are the walls of the portal veins like?
always hyperechoic
what does heptic cirrhosis look like?
small
irregular contour/lobular
hyperechoic
hypoechoic nodules
what are hepatic cysts like?
single or multiple
thin-walled or no visible wall
anechoic
posterior enhancement
can be very large
what can hepatic cysts be associated with?
polycystic renal disease
pancreatic cysts
what does hepatocellular carcinoma look like?
single or multifocal hyperechoic masses
what is cholecystolithiasis?
calculi in the gall bladder and biliary tree
what can cause gall bladder wall edema?
anaphylaxis
portal hypertension
hypoalbuminemia
biliary obstruction
inflammation
what are the patterns of gall bladder mucocele?
stellate
kiwi-fruit
