Adrenal Glands Flashcards
what is the normal thickness of a dog adrenal gland?
6-8 mm
if an adrenal lesion is less than 2cm, is it likely benign or malignant?
either
what percentage of hyperadrenocorticism is caused by adrenocortical tumors?
20%
what is the most reliable indicator of a malignant neoplasia?
vascular invasion
what width of adrenal gland is highly suggestive of hypoadrenocorticism?
<3mm
where is the left adrenal gland?
between the left kidney and the aorta
where is the right adrenal gland?
between the cava and the aorta
what is the echogenicity of the adrenal glands?
hypoechoic
dual echogenicity
medullar is hyperechoic to cortex
why would you see hyperechoic foci in feline adrenal glands?
microcalcification/fibrosis
older cats
incidental
what are some benign adrenal lesions?
hyperplasia
adenoma
myellipoma
what are some malignant adrenal lesions?
adenocarcinoma
pheochromocytoma
metastases
how can you use size of adrenal gland lesions to determine if it’s benign or malignant?
benign or malignant: <2cm
malignant: >4cm
how were lesions <2cm in diameter and nodular in shape often identified?
cortical hyperplastic nodules or adenomas
what is pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism like?
80%
bilateral and symmetrical enlargement
asymmetrical or unilateral
normal
