Kidneys and Ureters

Question 1

what makes up the urinary system?

Answer 1

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

Question 2

what should you look at with ultrasound for the kidneys?

Answer 2

location
size
shape
echogenicity

Question 3

how does cat age affect renal size?

Answer 3

decreases in size with age

Question 4

how large should the renal pelvis be?

Answer 4

<2mm

Question 5

what is the echogenicity of the renal cortex compared to the spleen and liver?

Answer 5

hypoechoic to spleen
isoechoic to liver

Question 6

what is a diffuse renal change?

Answer 6

increase in echogenicity

Question 7

what does increased echogenicity of the cortex and medulla look like?

Answer 7

decreased corticomedullary distinction

Question 8

what are some ultrasound kidney findings with leptospirosis in dogs?

Answer 8

renomegaly
pyelectasia
increased cortical echogenicity
perinephric effusion
medullary band of increased echogenicity

Question 9

what can be seen with renal lymphoma in cats?

Answer 9

hypoechoic subcapsular thickening

Question 10

what can be seen with renal lymphoma in dogs?

Answer 10

bilateral
renomegaly
hypoechoic lesions
increased echogenicity
decreased corticomedullary distinction
pyelectasia

Question 11

what do renal cysts look like?

Answer 11

single or multiple
anechoic
thin-walled
distal enhancement

Question 12

in which cats is polycystic renal disease commonly seen?

Answer 12

persian cats

Question 13

what is the echogenicity of renal infarcts?

Answer 13

hyperechoic

Question 14

what is the difference between pyelectasia and hydronephrosis?

Answer 14

hydronephrosis more severe: >13mm

Question 15

what can cause mild distension of the renal pelvis?

Answer 15

full bladder
increased diuresis/polyuria

Question 16

are extramural ectopic ureters more common in males or females?

Answer 16

males