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A. Diagnostic Ultrasonography > Introduction and Physics > Flashcards

Introduction and Physics Flashcards

1
Q

what is an ultrasound?

A

sound with a frequency higher than human hearing can detect

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2
Q

what is velocity in soft tissue?

A

1540 m/s
constant

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3
Q

what is used to produce ultrasound?

A

piezoelectric crystals
electric charge

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4
Q

what is axial resolution useful for?

A

differentiating structures parallel to ultrasound beam

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5
Q

what is lateral resolution useful for?

A

differentiating structures perpendicular to ultrasound beam

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6
Q

what is elevational resolution?

A

third dimension of ultrasound beam
slice thickness

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7
Q

what happens to the wave the deeper it travels?

A

it becomes weaker

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8
Q

what is the ultrasound image formed by?

A

returning echos

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9
Q

what does the angle of incidence between the ultrasound beam and the direction of flow need to be?

A

<60 degrees

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10
Q

does power doppler provide direction or velocity?

A

no

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11
Q

what is power doppler best for?

A

small vessels

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12
Q

what are the doppler modes?

A

power doppler
color doppler
spectral doppler

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13
Q

what are the basic ultrasound machine controls?

A

gain
frequency
depth
beam size
focal point

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14
Q

what does increasing the frequency do?

A

decreases depth
increases resolution

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15
Q

what is the focal point?

A

maximal lateral resolution

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16
Q

what is anechoic?

A

black echogenicity

17
Q

what are the options for echotexture?

A

heterogenous
homogenous

18
Q

what is a comet tail?

A

special form of reverberation artifact
with gas

19
Q

what is acoustic shadowing?

A

ultrasound beam almost completely reflected or absorbed

20
Q

what is posterior enhancement?

A

behind pure fluid
almost no ultrasound beam attenuation through fluid

21
Q

what is edge-shadowing?

A

form of refraction artifact
rounded structures

A. Diagnostic Ultrasonography (16 decks)

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