list Flashcards

Question

**deed** * Whatever his motives, the deed did save a hundred thousand lives. * the evil consequences of his deed. * good deeds(collocation)

Answer 1

(n) something a person does, especially something that is very good or bad. | عمل

Answer 2

**mystery** * How the massive stones were brought here from hundreds of miles away is/remains a mystery. * The mystery was solved when the police discovered the murder weapon. * The book tries to explain some of the mysteries of life. * remain a mystery(collocation) * an unsolved mystery(collocation) ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mystery / mysteriousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : mysterious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : mysteriously

Answer 3

(n)the way in which something is done or happens (n) the usual way in which you behave towards other people, or the way you behave on a particular occasion (n) polite ways of treating other people and behaving in public | طرز یا روال، رفتار

Answer 4

(v) to add something very different to something, so that it becomes part of it (n) the act of to add something very different to something, so that it becomes part of it. (n) the act of getting money or advantage through the dishonest use of political power and influence ## Footnote پیوند (دادن یا زدن)، اختلاس

Answer 5

(n) a member of a male religious community that is separated from the outside world | راهب

Answer 6

(n) the speed at which something happens or is done (n) a single step, or the distance you move when you take a single step | سرعت،قدم

Answer 7

(n) a feeling of respect for someone, or a good opinion of someone (v) to respect someone or have a good opinion of them ## Footnote عزت و احترام و اعتبار (قائل شدن برای کسی)

Answer 8

(v) to receive money, a house, etc. from someone after they have died (v) to be born with the same physical or mental characteristics as one of your parents or grandparents (v) to begin to have responsibility for a problem or situation that previously existed or belonged to another person | به ارث بردن

Answer 9

(n) a treatment that helps someone feel better, grow stronger, etc ., especially after an illness or treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder | درمان (معمولا روانی یا برای برای توانبخشی)

Answer 10

(v) to give all of something, especially your time, effort, or love, or yourself, to something you believe in or to a person (v passive) to use a space, area, time, etc. for a particular purpose | وقف کردن،اختصاص دادن

Answer 11

(v) to prevent something from being seen or heard (v) to make something difficult to discover and understand (adj) not known to many people (adj) not clear and difficult to understand or see | نامفهوم، گمنام،پنهان کردن،پوشاندن

Answer 12

(n) a feeling of extreme excitement, usually caused by something pleasant (v) to make someone feel very excited and pleased | هیجان،به هیجان اوردن

Answer 13

(v) training that makes people more willing to obey or more able to control themselves, often in the form of rules, and punishments if these are broken, or the behaviour produced by this training (v) to punish someone (v) to teach someone to behave in a controlled way (n) training that produces obedience or self-control, often in the form of rules and punishments if these are broken, or the obedience or self-control produced by this training (n)ability to control a mental activity (n) a particular area of study, esp. a subject studied at a college or university | تربیت (کردن) ، مجازات کردن، نظم(دادن) و انظبات، شاخه علمی

Answer 14

(n) a feeling of wanting something or someone very much, a strong desire | عطش، اشتیاق، هوس، میل وافر

Answer 15

(v) to state an opinion or claim a right forcefully (n) To assert is also to behave in a way that shows power, authority, or control | ادعا کردن، بیان کردن نظر

Answer 16

(v) to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse | پادرمیانی کردن، مداخله کردن

Answer 17

(v) to increase or improve something (n) an improvement or increase, or an action that causes this | افزایش یا ارتقا(دادن)

Answer 18

**cheer (up)** * Everyone cheered as the winners received their medals. * The victory in the by-election has brought great cheer to the Liberal Democrats. * She went shopping to cheer herself up. * people might be able to learn how to make themselves more satisfied with and cheerful about their lives. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : cheer ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cheer / cheering / cheerfulness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cheerful / cheering ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : cheerfully / cheerily | sym=happiness, joy

Answer 19

(v) to give a loud shout of approval or encouragement (n) a feeling of happiness (v) make someone feel happier | تشویق کردن،خوشحالی، خوشحال کردن

Answer 20

**gripped** * Do you ever find yourself so completely gripped by what you are doing that you lose track of time? * This trial has gripped the whole nation * The baby gripped my finger with her tiny hand. * He will do anything to keep his grip on power. * gripping movie/series/TV shows/ drama(collocation) جذاب و گیرا grip=(v,n)to hold very tightly**/**(v)to keep someone's attention completely**/**(n)control over something or someone | syn=engross, be absorbed in,affected,

Answer 21

**absorb** * Plants absorb carbon dioxide. * The project has absorbed her for several years. * a basketball player absorbed in perfecting a shot * It's hard to absorb so much information. فعل ( verb ) : absorb اسم ( noun ) : absorption صفت ( adjective ) : absorbable / absorbed / absorbing قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 22

**fiercely** * She's fiercely competitive/independent * a violinist fiercely concentrating on a piece of music. * the army clashed fiercely with militants اسم ( noun ) : fierceness صفت ( adjective ) : fierce قید ( adverb ) : fiercely

Answer 23

**ache** * His muscles might have ached during his most memorable races * she ached for his touch فعل ( verb ) : ache اسم ( noun ) : ache صفت ( adjective ) : aching / achy قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 24

**explode** * A bomb exploded at one of the capital's busiest railway stations this morning. * The population has exploded in the last ten years. * Explosion of feeling(collocation) ✅ فعل ( verb ) : explode ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : explosion / explosive ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : explosive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : explosively

Answer 25

**overcome** * to overcome difficulties /obstacles /problems /resistance * Eventually she managed to overcome her shyness in class. * They were overcome by fumes from the fire and had to be carried out of their houses. * Overcome with/by emotion, she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes. * he might have felt overcome with tiredness.

Answer 26

**intellectual** * She was too much of an intellectual to find popular movies interesting. * He was among the political and intellectual leaders of his time. * intellectual development(collocation) * intellectual stimulation(collocation) محرک فکری ✅ فعل ( verb ) : intellectualize در مورد چیزی به شکلی جدی و پیچیده فکر کنید یا صحبت کنید، به خصوص به جای ابراز احساسات ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : intellect توانایی درک چیزها و تفکر هوشمندانه/ intellectualism / intellectualization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : intellectual ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : intellectually

Answer 27

**drift** * there was a drift to the towns * He stopped rowing and let the boat drift.

Answer 28

**confront** A growing body of research supports the notion that by confronting and meeting challenges, anyone can create flow in their life. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : confront ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : confrontation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : confrontational ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 29

**tension** * the parachute keeps the cable under tension as it drops * a mind which is affected by stress or tension cannot think as clearly ✅ فعل ( verb ) : tense ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tension ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tense ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tensely

Answer 30

**fulfillment** * Workaholics can only find fulfillment in their work. * Morales said that owning his own home was the fulfillment of a dream. * People are wondering if they will ever see the fulfillment of the government’s campaign pledges. * a sense of fulfillment fulfil an aim/a goal/an objective/wish fulfil a promise/pledge ✅ فعل ( verb ) : fulfill ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fulfillment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fulfilled / fulfilling ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 31

**motivation** * He's a bright enough student - he just lacks motivation. * There seems to be a lack of motivation among the employees. * What was the motivation for the attack? * The motivation behind the decision is the desire to improve our service to our customers. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : motivate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : motivation / motive دلیلی که کسی را وادار به انجام کاری می کند، به خصوص وقتی این دلیل باشد پنهان نگه داشته شد / motivator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : motivated / motivational / motive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 32

(adj)deeply engaged, interested (adj)strongly affected by something | درگیرشدن،غرق در کاری شدن،عمیقا تحت تاثیر یک احساس یا موقعیت قرار گرفتن

Answer 33

**thus, hence, consequently**

Answer 34

(v)to take something in, especially gradually (v)to take up someone's attention completely (v)to understand facts or ideas completely and remember them | جذب کردن،توجه کسی رو به طور کامل جذب کردن، فهمیدن و یادگرفتن چیزی کاملا

Answer 35

**distracted** Tania seems very distracted at the moment - I think she's worried about her brother. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : distract ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : distraction / distractor ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : distracting / distracted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : distractedly

Answer 36

**trivial** * Sexual harassment in the workplace is not a trivial matter. * I don't know why he gets so upset about something so trivial. * trivial task/matter (collocation)

Answer 37

**interval** * We see each other at regular intervals - usually about once a month. * The plants should be spaced at six-inch intervals. * brief interval(collocation)

Answer 38

**interval** * We see each other at regular intervals - usually about once a month. * The plants should be spaced at six-inch intervals. * brief interval(collocation)

Answer 39

(v)energetically and with strong feelings (v)angrily or in a frightening or attacking manner | شدیداً و قویاً (از نظر احساس یا خشنی)

Answer 40

(v,n)to feel a continuous but not very sharp pain in a part of your body (v)to want to do or have something very much | درد خفیف مداوم (داشتن)،میل شدید به چیزی داشتن

Answer 41

(v)to burst into small pieces, making a loud noise and causing damage (v)to suddenly increase greatly in number, amount, or degree | منفجر شدن، افزایش یافتن انفجاری

Answer 42

(v)to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with a feeling or problem (v passive,adj)unable to act or think in the usual way | غلبه کردن ، مغلوب (شدن) (پسیو)

Answer 43

(n,adj)a person who is well educated and interested in serious ideas (adj)relating to your ability to think and understand things, especially complicated ideas | روشن فکر و متفکر، فکری

Answer 44

(v)to move slowly, especially as a result of outside forces, with no control over direction (v)to move slowly on water or in the air | (حرکت یا تغییر کردن تدریجی،رانش(حرکت کردن در حال شناور بودن و معلق بودن

Answer 45

(v)to deal with something very difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined way (v)to face someone in a threatening way, as though you are going to attack the person | مواجه شدن و رو به رو شدن، مقابله کردن

Answer 46

(n)the state of being stretched tight. (n)mental or emotional strain | کشش، تنش، استرس

Answer 47

(n)the feeling of being happy and satisfied with your life because you are doing interesting , useful, or important things (n)the act of doing something that you promised or agreed to do ## Footnote اساس رضایت درونی،تحقق(دستیابی به چیزی که مورد نظر، توافق شده، وعده داده شده یا پیش بینی شده است.)، الوعده وفا کردن(انجام کار قول داده شده)

Answer 48

(n)an eagerness and willingness to do something without needing to be told or forced (n)the reason why you want to do something | انگیزه و اشتیاق،دلیل و انگیزه از اینکه کسی می خواهد کاری را انجام دهد

Answer 49

(n)the feeling of being entertained or made to laugh (n)something that entertains you, or the state of being amused by something that entertains you | سرگرمی

Answer 50

بدین ترتیب از این رو در نتیجه

Answer 51

**fictional** (n) fiction تخیل

Answer 52

(adj)nervous or confused because you are worried about something (adj)unable to concentrate because one is preoccupied by something worrying or unpleasant. | پریشان، حواس پرت

Answer 53

(adj)having little value or importance | کم اهمیت یا کم ارزش

Answer 54

(n)a period between two events or times (n)the space between two points | وقفه ، فاصله (زمانی)

Answer 55

(n)a person who is the same age or has the same social position or the same abilities as other people in a group | هم سن و سال، هم تا

Answer 56

**peer** * Do you think it's true that teenage girls are less self-confident than their male peers?

Answer 57

**feedback** * have feedback (from sb)=> Have you had any feedback from customers about the new soap? * give sb feedback (on/about sth)=> The client has given us some feedback on the design. * positive/negative feedback * constructive feedback(collocation)

Answer 58

**strive/strove/striven** * Mr Roe has kindled expectations that he must now strive to live up to. * In her writing she strove for a balance between innovation and familiar prose forms. ...................................................................................................... **collocation** **try** to take action in order to do something that you may not be able to do * I tried to explain what was wrong. * He tries hard in class, but he’s finding the work difficult. **attempt** to try to do something, especially something difficult. Attempt is more formal than try and is used especially in written English * Any prisoner who attempts to escape will be shot. * He was attempting to climb one of the world’s highest mountains. **make an effort to do something** to try to do something, when you find this difficult * It is worth making an effort to master these skills. * She made a big effort to be nice to him. **struggle** to try very hard to do something that is very difficult, especially for a long time * She’s still struggling to give up smoking. * Many of these families are struggling to survive. **strive formal** to try very hard to achieve something * The company must constantly strive for greater efficiency. **endeavour British English, endeavor American English formal** to try hard to do something * Each employee shall endeavour to provide customers with the best service possible. | syn=make a great effort

Answer 59

**worthwhile** * She considers teaching a worthwhile career. * These moments are when the body or mind is voluntarily stretched to its limits in order to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile. * worthwhile exercise/investment project (collocation)

Answer 60

**flourish** The school created an environment where its students could flourish. The effective advertisements helped the new store to flourish.

Answer 61

**prosperity** * It is sometimes difficult for people to maintain their prosperity once they retire and lose their steady income. * The war was followed by a long period of peace and prosperity. * economic/future prosperity(collocation) فعل ( verb ) : prosper اسم ( noun ) : prosperity صفت ( adjective ) : prosperous قید ( adverb ) : prosperously .......................................................................................... **prosper** if people or businesses prosper, they grow and develop in a successful way, especially by becoming rich or making a large profit * Businesses across the state are prospering.

Answer 62

(adj) related to a subject or to something happening or being discussed | مربوط

Answer 63

(n)things that make the environment dirty | آلودگی

Answer 64

(n) a building, often part of a hospital, to which people can go for medical care or advice relating to a particular condition | کلینیک(محل درمان یک نوع بیماری یا مشکل)

Answer 65

(n) a person's point of view or general attitude toward life. | دیدگاه و نگرش کلی نسبت به زندگی

Answer 66

(n) an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border (v) to disagree with something that someone says and argue about (something) | مخالفت (کردن) ، بحث (کردن)

Answer 67

(v) to encourage the development or growth of ideas or feelings (v) to take care of a child, usually for a limited time, without being the child's legal parent (adj) used to refer to someone or something connected with the care of children, usually for a limited time, by someone who is not the child's legal parent ## Footnote تقویت کردن(تشویق به توسعه یا رشد کردن)،سرپرستی کودکی را پذیرفتن

Answer 68

(n) prevention of wasteful use of a resource. (n)preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment and of wildlife. | حفاظت(محیط زیست،حیات وحش و ..) ، حفظ (منابع)

Answer 69

(n)a feeling or opinion about something or someone, or a way of behaving that is caused by this | نگرش،رفتار

Answer 70

(n)something that is considered more important than other matters | اولویت

Answer 71

(n) criminal activities that involve sex or drugs (n) a bad habit (n) a bad or immoral quality in a person, or bad or immoral behavior (prefix)used as part of the title of particular positions. The person who holds one of these positions is next below in authority to the person who holds the full position and can act for them | عادت بد یا فعالیت غیرقانونی(رذیلت) ، معاون

Answer 72

(v)to control or influence something, or to tell people exactly what they must do | به زور تحمیل و تحکیم کردن اینکه کی باید چیکار کنه

Answer 73

(n) involvement with something or some activity, usually because it is interesting or important (n) a formal agreement to get married. (n) an arrangement to do something or go somewhere at a fixed time. | درگیرکاری شدن ، نامزدی، قرار (ملاقات)

Answer 74

(v)to work hard in order to achieve or get something (v)follow or chase (someone or something). | دنبال کردن یا تعقیب کردن، تلاش برای دستیابی به چیزی، پی چیزی رو گرفتن

Answer 75

(v) to make a great effort to achieve something (to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or against difficulties) | سخت تلاش کردن برای چیزی

Answer 76

(adj) worth the time, money, or effort spent; of value or importance. | ارزشمند

Answer 77

(v) to grow(for plants or animals) or develop well, or be successful (for example, by making a lot of money or developing quickly) | شکوفا شدن،رشد کردن

Answer 78

(n)the state of being successful and a condition in which a person or community is doing well financially | رونق(از نظر مالی)،رفاه مالی

Answer 79

**(ir)relevant** * The student wrote about personal debt in America because she thought it was a valuable and relevant topic. فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : relevance صفت ( adjective ) : relevant قید ( adverb ) : relevantly

Answer 80

**pollution** * Coal is a relatively cheap source of energy, but it causes excessive pollution. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : pollute ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : pollution / pollutant = a substance that makes air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty, and is caused by cars, factories etcآلاینده / polluter آلوده کننده ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : polluted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 81

**clinic** If the latter require dentures, they can obtain them free through the local authority dental clinic

Answer 82

**outlook (on)** Many doctors believe that having a positive mental outlook can lead to better physical health. optimistic/positive/negative/pessimist outlook (collocation)

Answer 83

**dispute** * They have been unable to settle/resolve the dispute over working conditions. * in dispute with The unions are in dispute with management over pay. * a pay/legal/trade/border/budget/trade/bitter/ political/legal/domestic dispute(collocation) * dispute with/over/between (collocation) * be in dispute (collocation) ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dispute ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dispute / disputation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : disputable / disputatious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : disputably | syn=disagreement, disagree, argue, arguement

Answer 84

**divorce**

Answer 85

**foster** * *foster something in someone* = I'm trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children. * Would you consider fostering a child? * foster child/parent/mother/father(collocation) * **foster good relations/economic growth/a sense of / an interest in (collocation)** * The Ryder Cup golf competition was originally created to foster good relations between Britain and the United States. * The central bank cut interest rates in an attempt to foster economic growth. * A country's flag and national song are symbols that can help foster a sense of unity among citizens of that country * They were discussing the best way to foster democracy and prosperity in the former communist countries. | syn=encourage

Answer 86

**Conservation** * energy/water conservation(collocation) * nature/environmental/wildlife conservation (collocation) ✅ فعل ( verb ) : conserve ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conservation / conservancy / conserve / conservatory / conservator / conservative / conservatism / conservationist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conservative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conservatively | syn=protection

Answer 87

**attitude (towards sb/sth)** * He has a very bad attitude to/towards work. * He seems to have undergone a change in/of attitude recently, and has become much more cooperative.

Answer 88

**priority** a top/number one/first/high/clear priority(collocation) identify/set/establish priorities(collocation) ✅ فعل ( verb ) : prioritize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : priority / prioritization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : - ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 89

**vice** * Smoking is considered a dangerous vice by most doctors * The chief of police said that he was committed to wiping out vice in the city. * vice-president

Answer 90

**dictate** * When working in groups, don't let one strong student dictate what all of the rest of you should do. * Don't let past actions dictate the choices you make in the future. * dictate policy/term/treatment ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dictate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dictator / dictatorship / dictation / dictate ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dictatorial ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : dictatorially

Answer 91

**engagement** * Novels that have interesting characters and unpredictable plots are more likely to encourage the engagement of their readers. * Britain has a long history of engagement with the rest of the world. * she'd broken off her engagement to Paul * a dinner engagement ✅ فعل ( verb ) : engage ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : engagement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : engaged / engaging ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : engagingly

Answer 92

**pursue** * It takes a great deal of effort and training to pursue the dream of winning an Olympic medal. * Is it right for people to pursue their happiness at the expense of others * the officer pursued the van * pursue a career/goal/dream/solution(collocation) * pursuing the matter(collocation) ✅ فعل ( verb ) : pursue ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : pursuit / pursuer / pursuance ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : pursuant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : pursuant

Answer 93

**ambition** * The president's ambition to lower energy use in the country by 10 percent within fifteen years seemed impossible. * A common childhood ambition is to become a professional sports star, but very few people fulfill this dream. * lack the ambition * nursed the ambition رویا پردازی * fulfill her childhood ambition فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : ambition / ambitiousness صفت ( adjective ) : ambitious قید ( adverb ) : ambitiously

Answer 94

(n) a strong desire to achieve something | جاه طلبی

Answer 95

**preserve** * The company has proposed freezing pay in order to preserve jobs. * The movie star avoided reporters' questions about her family in order to preserve her family's privacy. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : preserve ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : preservation / preserve / preservative / preservationist / preserver ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : preservative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 96

(v) based on/upon something | بر اساس چیزی پایه گذاری و بنا شده

Answer 97

(adv) very much | بسیار(زیاد)

Answer 98

(v)to make something continue without changing and maintaining it in its original or existing state | حفظ و نگاه داشتن چیزی(جلوگیری از تغییر آن)

Answer 99

(v)to have a bad effect on something, so that it is no longer attractive, enjoyable, useful, etc.(diminish or destroy the value or quality of) (v) to treat someone very or too well, especially by being extremely generous | خراب کردن یا فاسد کردن، لوس کردن

Answer 100

روستایی

Answer 101

**be founded on** * The American government is founded on the principle of a balance of power between the president, Congress, and the Supreme Court. * Their friendship was founded on a shared interest in poetry and literature. **found** 1- past form of find=> به معنای پیدا کردن 2- به معنای تاسیس کردن و تشکیل دادن

Answer 102

داروخانه

Answer 103

(adv) by or of itself | به خودی خود، به تنهایی

Answer 104

**vastly** * The Sahara Desert is vastly larger than the deserts of North and South America and Australia. * The director's new movie is vastly different from anything he has made before. * vastly different(collocation) * vast majority/amount/number ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vastness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vast وسیع ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vastly

Answer 105

**planet**

Answer 106

(n) the act of making a sound or of speaking words( in which you pronounce words) (n)a joint that allows movement | بیان (عمل تولید صدا یا گفتن کلمات)، مفصل

Answer 107

(n) a regular, repeated pattern of sound or movement | ریتم

Answer 108

جواهرات، جواهر فروشی

Answer 109

(adj) an action that is done without thinking about the harm it might cause | بی حساب وکتاب و بی هدف و از روی بی فکری، نسنجیده

Answer 110

**spoil** * One bad apple in a basket can spoil all of the rest if it is not removed. * Don't let a bad experience in the morning spoil the rest of your day * When I'm feeling miserable I go shopping and spoil myself - a couple of new dresses always make me feel better. * spoil the view/the party/any chance of

Answer 111

(adj) related to the scientific study of living things | زیستی

Answer 112

(n) the state of having no food for a long period, often causing death | گرسنگی شدید

Answer 113

(adj)sensible or practical (n) the ability to behave in a sensible way and make practical decisions | عقل سلیم

Answer 114

**rural** * Rural life is often thought to be less stressful than city life. * Farming is the most common job in rural areas of the state. * rural areas/communities/life/population

Answer 115

**tackle** * Many international organizations are trying to tackle the issue of poor health around the world. * To avoid sunburn, it is good to tackle sun cream on your skin several times a day. * **tackle a crisis/question/problem/issue (collocation)** * **tackle unemployment/crime (collocation)**

Answer 116

(v) to deal with a difficult problem | مقابله کردن با، تکل زدن

Answer 117

**drugstore/pharmacy/chemist**

Answer 118

**per se** it is not these facts per se that are important

Answer 119

(n) the existence of someone or something in a particular place | حضور

Answer 120

**presence** * She was overawed by the presence of so many people. * He's usually quite polite in my presence.

Answer 121

**symbolically** * It is important symbolically for this museum to be in the right location. * symbolic gesture/act (collocation) * symbolic significance/importance (collocation) * symbolic value ✅ فعل ( verb ) : symbolize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : symbol / symbolization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : symbolic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : symbolically | بصورت نمادین

Answer 122

(adv) representing something important | بصورت نمادین

Answer 123

**tongue**

Answer 124

**articulation** * A good singer needs to have good articulation * the articulation of vowels and consonants * the leg articulation **articulate** بیان کردن * to express your ideas or feelings in words / having or showing the ability to speak fluently and coherently * * Many people are unable to articulate the unhappiness they feel

Answer 125

**rhythm** * making the articulation of a wide range of sounds and rhythms possible ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : rhythm ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : rhythmic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : rhythmically

Answer 126

**jewelry**

Answer 127

**indiscriminate** * an indiscriminate terrorist attack on civilians * The indiscriminate use of fertilizers can cause long-term problems. * indiscriminate use/attacks/killing/violence/bombing etc (collocation)

Answer 128

**origin** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : originate شروع به وقوع یا وجود کردن، نشات گرفتن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : origin / original / originality ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : original ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : originally originate from * A lot of our medicines originate from tropical plants. originate in * Many Christmas traditions originated in Germany. originate with * The idea originated with the ancient Greek philosophers. originate as * The town originated as a small fishing port.

Answer 129

(n) the place or situation in which something begins to exist | منشا یا خواستگاه

Answer 130

**biological** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : biology ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : biological ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : biologically

Answer 131

**starvation** 20 million people face starvation unless a vast emergency aid program is launched. on the verge of starvation. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : starve ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : starvation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : starved / starving ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 132

**(n)common sense (adj) common-sense** * Use your common sense for once! * a common-sense approach to education

Answer 133

**throat** The singer complained of a sore throat after Wednesday’s show.

Answer 134

(n) the area at the back of your mouth and inside your neck | گلو

Answer 135

(n) an enclosed space, especially in your body or inside a machine (n) a room used for a special purpose, especially an unpleasant one | محفظه(فضای خالی بسته)، اتاق، تالار

Answer 136

(n) a big hole in the side of a cliff or hill, or under the ground | غار

Answer 137

(adj) many, or involving many things, people, events etc ## Footnote چندین، چندگانه

Answer 138

(adj) spoken rather than written ## Footnote کلامی - زبانی

Answer 139

باستانی

Answer 140

(adv)in a way that is different from anything or anyone else | بطور منحصر به فرد

Answer 141

(v)to have or own something, or to have a particular quality, ability, or skill ## Footnote have داشتن، در اختیار داشتن، فرمال

Answer 142

**chamber** * The heart has four chambers. * gas/torture chamber * Meetings of the council are held in the council chamber.

Answer 143

(v) to make something by cutting into especially wood or stone, or to cut into the surface of stone, wood, etc. | حکاکی کردن

Answer 144

(adj) very interesting because it is strange, mysterious, or unexpected | چیزی که به خاطر عجیب بودنش بسیار جالب باشد

Answer 145

(adj) (of an action or a decision) intentional or planned, often with the result of being harmful to someone (v) to think or talk seriously and carefully about something before making a decision. | آگاهانه و سنجیده ، عمدی ، سنجیدن و ارزیابی کردن

Answer 146

(n) a belief or idea of what a particular type of person or thing is like. they are often unfair or untrue (v) to have a set idea about what a particular type of person is like, especially an idea that is wrong | باورهای رایج و کلیشه ای (رفتار قالبی) (کردن)

Answer 147

(adj) simple and not skilfully done or made (adj) rude and offensive (adj) oil from rocks underground in a natural state that has not yet been treated | اولیه و بدوی، مبتذل و رکیک ، خام

Answer 148

(v) to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly (n) to make someone think and behave exactly as you want them to, by skilfully deceiving or influencing them | دستکاری کردن، تحت کنترل خود درآوردن

Answer 149

(n) a colored liquid that you use for writing, printing, or drawing (n) a black liquid in sea creatures such as octopus and squid (v) to put ink on something or to sign an agreement | جوهر

Answer 150

(n) the quality or feature that makes something have a particular style or character (n) the particular taste of a food or drink | طعم ، کیفیت یا ویژگی های مشخصه

Answer 151

(n) the way you think about something and your idea of what it is like (n) the way that you notice things with your senses of sight, hearing, etc. | تصور یا برداشت یک فرد از چیزی ، دریافت اطلاعت از طریق حواس

Answer 152

(n) the metal bar that you slide across a door or window to lock it (n) lightning that appears as a white line in the sky | پیچ، آزرخش

Answer 153

(adj) has been made pure by removing other substances from it (adj) polite, well educated, or belonging to a high social class (adj) improved(method, plan, system etc) because of many small changes that have been made to make it more effective | پالایش شده و تصفیه شده،اصلاح شده(رفتار)، بهبود یافتن

Answer 154

**multiple** Baxter was rushed to the hospital with multiple stab wounds. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : multiply ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : multiplication / multiplicity / multiple / multiplier ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : multiple / multiplicative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : multiplicatively | syn= several, numerous, a lot of

Answer 155

**verbal** * Our apartment lease is really just a verbal agreement. فعل ( verb ) : verbalize بیان کردن چیزی با کلمات ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : verb ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : verbal ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : verbally | syn= oral, spoken, voiced

Answer 156

**ancient** | syn= prehistoric, very old, early

Answer 157

**uniquely** * Thus, it cannot classify any uniquely human trait as an adaptation. * a way of life that was uniquely British * a unique opportunity فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : uniqueness صفت ( adjective ) : unique قید ( adverb ) : uniquely | syn= individually, distinctively, exclusively

Answer 158

**possess** * Different workers possess different skills. * He no longer possessed the power to frighten her. * Those states are the countries that possess nuclear weapons * possess an ability ✅ فعل ( verb ) : possess ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : possession / possessive / possessiveness / possessor ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : possessive / possessed / possessory / possessable ( possessible ) ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : possessively | syn= own, have, belong to

Answer 159

(adj) more important than anything else; main (adj) happening first

Answer 160

**carve** * carve something out of/from something * carve something on/in/into something **carved** حکاکی شده | syn= cut, scratched, shaped

Answer 161

(v) to discuss or think about something carefully (v) to search a place and discover things about it | بررسی کردن و سر درآوردن از موضوعی، اکتشاف کردن

Answer 162

**intriguing** * She has a really intriguing personality. * The magazine carries an intriguing mixture of high fashion, gossip and racing. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : intrigue ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : intrigue ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : intriguing / intrigued ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : intriguingly **intrigue** * 1- مجذوب خود کردن(چون عجیب یا مرموز به نظر می رسد) * * Other people’s houses always intrigued her. * * I was intrigued by his slow, deliberate way of talking and the serious look in his eyes. * 2- دسیسه کردن، توطئه چیدن * * While King Richard was abroad, the barons had been intriguing against him. * * political intrigue

Answer 163

**deliberate** * He accused her of writing deliberate untruths. * The jury deliberated for two days before reaching a verdict. * deliberate on/about/over * deliberate act فعل ( verb ) : deliberate اسم ( noun ) : deliberation صفت ( adjective ) : deliberate قید ( adverb ) : deliberately | syn= on purpose planned intentional

Answer 164

**stereotype** * racial/sexual/cultural/gender/old/traditional/ common/negative stereotype * racist stereotypes in the media * stereotype of =>women who don’t fit the stereotype of the good mother * stereotype about=> stereotypes about the elderly فعل ( verb ) : stereotype اسم ( noun ) : stereotype صفت ( adjective ) : stereotypical قید ( adverb ) : stereotypically

Answer 165

**crude** * Many people have the impression that early humans were crude people. * a crude wooden bridge * crude workmanship .............................................................................. * a crude joke * crude oil ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : crudeness / crude / crudity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : crude ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : crudely

Answer 166

**manipulate** * manipulate people/children/the media/data * This open area can be manipulated to change the air flow and the sounds this air makes as it passes ✅ فعل ( verb ) : manipulate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : manipulation / manipulator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : manipulative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 167

**flavor** * I prefer this one because it has more flavour. * Critics claim the building would destroy the flavor of the neighborhood. * The stories have a strong regional flavour. * the extracts give a flavour of the content and tone of the conversation ✅ فعل ( verb ) : flavor ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : flavor / flavoring ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : flavored / flavorful / flavorless ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 168

**perception** * We have to change the public's perception that money is being wasted. * These photographs will affect people's perceptions of war. * drugs that alter perception * sensory perceptions فعل ( verb ) : perceive = to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way اسم ( noun ) : perception / perceptiveness صفت ( adjective ) : perceptive / perceptible قید ( adverb ) : perceptively / perceptibly .................................................................................................................. The main difference **between** **perspective, outlook, and perception** is that perspective is more about how one sees or understands something, outlook is more about how one feels or anticipates something, and perception is more about how one processes or interprets something. Perspective is also more focused on the external or objective aspects of a situation, outlook is more focused on the internal or subjective aspects of a situation, and perception is more focused on the sensory or cognitive aspects of a situation.

Answer 169

**bolt** * I closed the window and drew the bolt * The house next to ours was struck by a bolt of lightning.

Answer 170

**refined** * refined sugar/oil/petroleum/copper/foods/products * a refined way of speaking * Laser surgery has become much more refined over the last decade. * highly refined theories فعل ( verb ) : refine اسم ( noun ) : refinement صفت ( adjective ) : (un)refined قید ( adverb ) : .............................................................................................. The main difference between refine, filter, and purify is that refine implies a process of improvement or enhancement, filter implies a process of separation or removal, and purify implies a process of cleansing or sanitizing. Refine, filter, and purify can also have different degrees of effectiveness, depending on the method and the material.

Answer 171

**buzz** * I can hear an insect buzzing. * My phone buzzed at five in the morning and woke me. * a classroom buzzing with activity

Answer 172

(v,n) continuous, low, humming sound such as the one a bee makes (n)a lot of activity, noise, and excitement | همهمه، شایعه، وزوز کردن

Answer 173

(n) someone who is very famous and often appears in the newspapers, on television etc, especially an entertainer or sports person (n) someone's character, especially the way the person behaves toward others | شخصیت(افراد یا تلویزیونی و ...)

Answer 174

(n) a good idea about what you should do, write, say, etc., especially an idea that you get suddenly (n) a person, experience, place, etc., that gives you new ideas for how to do something | الهام

Answer 175

(n) when something becomes active or strong again (n) a process in which something starts to grow, develop, or become successful again (n) when something becomes popular again (n) a new production of a play that has not been performed in a long time ## Footnote احیا،دوباره معروف و ترند شدن ، ریمیک یک نمایشنامه

Answer 176

(adj) happening or doing something often ## Footnote مکرر و تکراری ، رایج و متداول

Answer 177

(adj) moving unsteadily from side to side ## Footnote لرزان، لق

Answer 178

(v) to move or spread slowly out of a hole or through something ## Footnote به آرامی جاری شدن، نشت یا تراوش کردن

Answer 179

(n,v) a quick breath in through the nose to smell something, or to stop liquid in the nose from coming out ## Footnote بو کشیدن یا فرت فرت کردن

Answer 180

(n) something not normal, usually in the body ## Footnote ناهنجاری

Answer 181

**auditory** Conversely a child who is weak in visual perceptions can be helped to use auditory and verbal skills to comprehend other children. | syn= hearing, audio, acoustic ## Footnote acoustic(relating to sound and the way people hear things)

Answer 182

(adj) (especially of a woman or girl) attractively full of energy and enthusiasm | syn= cheerful, full-of-life ## Footnote شاد و سرزنده

Answer 183

(adj) happening or being done at exactly the same time | syn= at the same time, all at once ## Footnote همزمان

Answer 184

(n) the way that someone or something is described or represented in a painting, film, book, or other artistic work | syn= representation, description ## Footnote تصویر یا توصیف، نقش آفرینی

Answer 185

(adv) in a way that is natural, often sudden, and not planned or forced | sym= without planning, suddenly ## Footnote فی البداهه، به طور خودکار، ناخودآگاه ، خود جوش

Answer 186

**personality** * The show is hosted by a popular TV personality. * TV/radio/sports personality * one of the most well-liked TV personalities * Despite their different personalities, they became the best of friends. * Unfortunately, the illness can lead to changes in personality.

Answer 187

(adj) very well known and important | syn= famous, well-known ## Footnote برجسته

Answer 188

(v) to fight or argue (v) to be in conflict because of very different ideas, beliefs, or opinions (v) to look bad together, as with colors or designs | دعوا کردن و درگیرشدن یا بحث کردن ،تضاد و مغایرت داشتن

Answer 189

(v) to start an activity again after stopping, pause or being interrupted | از سر گرفتن

Answer 190

(n) when an activity, situation, or process begins again after a period when it had stopped (n) when you make an agreement or official document continue for a further period of time after it ends | تجدید(آغازِ دوباره) ، تمدید

Answer 191

(adj) very different from what you are used to, especially in a way that is difficult to understand or accept = strange (adj) belonging to another country or race = foreign (adj,n) relating to creatures from another world (n)someone who is not a legal citizen of the country they are living or working in | بیگانه

Answer 192

**inspiration** * He has always been a source of inspiration for me. * draw/take/derive/get inspiration from something * She draws inspiration from mythology and folk stories. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : inspire ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inspiration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inspiring / inspired / inspirational ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : inspirationally / inspiringly

Answer 193

**revival** * A revival of the timber industry is needed. * There has been a revival of interest in Picasso’s work. * the recent revival in medieval music * Senior economists believe that market liberalism is leading to a revival of the economy. * revival of interest in sth/ * economic revival/ revival in the economy * spark/lead to a revival Prices at the top end of the market adjusted last year, leading to a revival in recent months. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : revive / revivify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : revival / revivalism / revivalist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : revivalist ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= resumption, renewal

Answer 194

**frequent** * it is more frequent among women and lefthanders * more/less frequent * Her headaches are becoming less frequent. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : frequent ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : frequency ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : frequent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : frequently | syn= repeated, regular

Answer 195

**wobbly** * green wobbly lines * The wobbly leg on the chair caused the woman to fall off and hit her head. **(v)wobble** to (cause something to) shake or move from side to side in a way that shows poor balance | syn= shaky, unstable

Answer 196

**seep** seep into/through/down etc به آرامی جاری شدن Blood seeped down his leg. seep away/into/through/out etc نشت یا تراوش کردن His tension was seeping away Pesticides are seeping out of farmland and into the water supply. (n) seepage | syn= leak, flow slowly

Answer 197

**sniff** He sniffed his socks to see if they needed washing. She sniffed at her glass of wine before tasting it. | syn= smell, breathe in

Answer 198

**abnormality** genetic/congenital abnormalities ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : abnormality ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : abnormal ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : abnormally | syn= irregularity, imperfection

Answer 199

(adj) relating to the ability to hear ## Footnote شنوایی

Answer 200

**bubbly** bubbly personality/ character/ person/ people/ girl/ women | syn= cheerful, full-of-life

Answer 201

**simultaneous** * There were several simultaneous explosions in different cities. * simultaneous with=>The withdrawal of British troops should be simultaneous with that of US forces. * The opera will be broadcast simultaneously on television and radio. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : simultaneity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : simultaneous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : simultaneously | syn= at the same time, all at once

Answer 202

**portrayal** * the newspapers’ portrayal of Islamic culture * His latest movie is a grim portrayal of wartime suffering. * She won a Best Actress award for her portrayal of the title character in "Erin Brockovich". * accurate/realistic etc portrayal ✅ فعل ( verb ) : portray به تصویر کشیدن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : portrayal / Portrait * The writer portrays life in a small village at the turn of the century. | syn= representation, description

Answer 203

**spontaneously** * My spontaneous reaction was to run away. * She laughed spontaneously. فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : spontaneity صفت ( adjective ) : spontaneous قید ( adverb ) : spontaneously | sym= without planning, suddenly

Answer 204

(n) disappointed and unhappy because of discovering the truth about something or someone that you liked or respected, or lost your belief that someone is good, or that an idea is right | sym= disappointed, depressed ## Footnote سرخورده و مایوس (چون که باورت یا چیزی اونطوری که فکر میکردی نبوده)

Answer 205

**disillusioned** * disillusioned by/with * became disillusioned * As she grew older, Laura became increasingly disillusioned with politics. * I was disillusioned when i met him for the first time because I had thought he was tall and well فعل ( verb ) : disillusion ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : disillusionment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : disillusioned ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | sym= disappointed, depressed

Answer 206

**prominent** * a prominent Russian scientist * (play) a prominent part/role (in something) * prominent place/position(=can easily be seen or noticed) ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : prominence ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : prominent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : prominently * Her photo was prominently displayed on his desk. | syn= famous, well-known

Answer 207

**clash** clash with clash over/on Police have clashed with demonstrators again today. Democrats clashed with Republicans in a heated debate. The two men have clashed over the report’s conclusions. I like red and orange together, though lots of people think they clash. **personality clash** =when two people don't like each other تضاد شخصیتی

Answer 208

**resume** Normal services will be resumed in the spring. فعل ( verb ) : resume اسم ( noun ) : resumption صفت ( adjective ) : resumptive قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 209

**renewal** * a renewal of the recent conflict * Spring is a time of renewal. * the renewal of our annual licence * Mark’s contract comes up for renewal at the end of this year. فعل ( verb ) : renew اسم ( noun ) : renewal صفت ( adjective ) : renewable / renewed قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 210

**alien** * the alien environment of the city * be alien to somebody=> a way of life that is totally alien to us * alien cultures * illegal aliens=illegal immigrants * alien beings from another planet

Answer 211

**aggravate** * Their money problems were further aggravated by a rise in interest rates. * Building the new road will only aggravate the situation. * What really aggravates me is the way she won’t listen. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : aggravate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aggravation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : aggravated / aggravating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aggravatingly **aggravation** علاوه بر نون معانی بالا، معنی زیر را هم میدهد * trouble or difficulty * * I've been getting a lot of aggravation at work recently. * * I don't need any more aggravation today. * * I'd complain to the manager but it's not worth the aggravation. **..........................................................................** **aggregate** (v) to be a particular amount when added together * Sheila’s earnings from all sources aggregated £100,000. (v) to put different amounts, pieces of information etc together to form a group or a total * A wife’s income is no longer aggregated with that of her husband. (n) the total after a lot of different figures or points have been added together * The smaller minorities got an aggregate of 1,327 votes. * In the aggregate (=as a group or in total), women outlive men by 7 or more years.

Answer 212

(v) to make a bad situation, an illness, or an injury worse (v) to make someone angry or annoyed = irritate

Answer 213

(adj) giving all your attention to what is happening, being said etc (adj) able to think quickly and clearly (v) to officially warn someone about a problem or danger so that they are ready to deal with it (v) to make someone realize something important or dangerous (n) a warning to be ready for possible danger | هوشیار، خبر و هشدار دادن(تا آماده مقابله با آن باشد)، آگاه کردن از خطر

Answer 214

**alert** * Taking notes is one of the best ways to stay alert in lectures. * Jack was as mentally alert as a man half his age. * The school immediately alerted the police. * campaigns to alert the public to the dangers of HIV. * a bomb/fire/terrorist etc alert * be alert to something * stay / mentally alert * alert somebody to something آگاه کردن از خط فعل ( verb ) : alert اسم ( noun ) : alert / alertness صفت ( adjective ) : alert قید ( adverb ) : alertly

Answer 215

**rehearse** * think we need to rehearse the first scene again. * rehearse for=>The band was rehearsing for their world tour. * She had carefully rehearsed her resignation speech. * These are arguments that I've heard rehearsed at meetings many times before. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : rehearse ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : rehearsal ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : rehearsed ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 216

(v) to practise a play, a piece of music, etc. in order to prepare it for public performance (v) to practise something that you plan to say to someone (v) to repeat an opinion that has often been expressed before(a story or an argument), they repeat it with all the details(state (a list of points that have been made many times before)). | تمرین کردن برای نمایش عمومی یا چیزی که برنامه داری بگی یا سخنرانی کنی ## Footnote معنی دیگه فرمالش= تکرار نظری که اغلب قبلاً بیان شده است،وقتی کسی یک داستان یا بحثی را تکرار می کند، آن را با تمام جزئیات تکرار می کند

Answer 217

(adj) for the present time but likely or able to be changed in the future | موقت،فرمال تمپورری

Answer 218

(v) to make something tidier or more level by cutting a small amount off it (v) to reduce a number, amount, or the size of something | کاهش دادن(تعداد،مقدار،سایز)،چیدن و اصلاح کردن

Answer 219

(v) cause something to happen or be done(to cause someone to say or do something) (v) to make someone decide to say or do something (adj) done quickly, immediately, or at the right time | باعث چیزی شدن یا وا داشتن، سریع

Answer 220

(n) an activity that you enjoy, and that you like to spend time doing when you are not working

Answer 221

آزمایشگاه

Answer 222

**provisional** * a provisional government * We accept provisional bookings by phone. **(adv) provisionally** The meeting has been provisionally arranged for the end of May. ***difference between temporary and provisional*** temporary=> چیزی که موقت هست و وابسته به چیزی نیست و صرفا گذرا است یا مدت طولانی مورد نیاز نیست provisional=> چیزی که موقته چون مشروط و وابسته به چیزهای دیگست ........................................................................................................ **Provisional** means something that is arranged or done for the present, especially until a permanent or more suitable arrangement is made. It implies that something is subject to change or confirmation in the future. **Temporary** means something that is lasting or intended to last or be used only for a short time; not permanent. It implies that something has a definite end or limit in time.

Answer 223

(n) a strong feeling of interest and enjoyment about something and an eagerness to be involved in it (n) an activity or subject that someone is very interested in | اشتیاق

Answer 224

(adj) useful and helpful, or likely to produce good results | سازنده

Answer 225

**trim** * trim something away/off * Pete was trimming the lawn around the roses. * I have my hair trimmed every six weeks. * The government's plan to **trim spending** included cuts to the higher education budget. * We need to **trim costs** by £500m. * The bill would **trim the number of** immigrants to the US. * trim something from/off something * The company **trimmed £46,000** from its advertising budget.

Answer 226

(n) something that you do regularly or usually, often without thinking about it because you have done it so many times before | عادت

Answer 227

(v) to guess about the possible causes or effects of something or answers to a question, without knowing all the facts or details (v) to buy goods, property, shares in a company etc, hoping that you will make a large profit when you sell them | حدس و گمان کردن، سرمایه گذاری با امید سود بالا

Answer 228

(n) a lack of something that you need in order to be healthy, comfortable, or happy | محرومیت ، فقدان

Answer 229

(n) the way you feel at a particular time, especially when you feel angry (n) a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily | خلق و خو

Answer 230

**prompt** * The cold weather has prompted a rush to travel websites to book warm-weather vacations. * What prompted you to buy that suit? * The physical and mental health problems experienced by retired NFL football players has prompted a congressional investigation into football brain injuries. * The reformation of the rock band after so many years prompted the question "Why did they break up in the first place?" * Concerns about pedestrian safety prompted the city council's decision to put up new traffic lights at the corner of Lincoln Avenue and Broad Street. * * Prompt action/ payment/ response * prompted a investigation/question/decision **(adv) promptly** سریعا

Answer 231

(v) to cut off branches from a tree, bush, or plant, especially so that it will grow better in the future (v) to get rid of something you do not need or want, especially in order to reduce size or cost | هرس کردن، کاهش دادن و اصلاح کردن و چیدن

Answer 232

(n) the time when you are not working or studying and can relax and do things you enjoy | اوقات فراغت

Answer 233

(n) a path that forms a circle around an area, or a journey along this path (n) the complete circle that an electric current travels | پیست مسابقه دایره ای، مدار، چرخه ای یا دوره ای

Answer 234

(n) someone in a high position, especially in business, who makes decisions and puts them into action (adj) concerned with making decisions and ensuring that decisions are carried out | اجرایی ، مدیر اجرایی

Answer 235

(v) to warn someone that something might be dangerous or difficult (n) a warning or piece of advice telling you to be careful (n) the quality of being very careful to avoid danger or risks | (take) precaution اقدام پیشگیرانه ## Footnote هشدار دادن ، هشدار، احتیاط

Answer 236

(v) to change written or spoken words into another language (v) the second thing happens as a result of the first (v) to change something into a new form, especially to turn a plan into something real (v) to mean the same as something else | ترجمه کردن، به چیزی منجر شدن، تبدیل کردن

Answer 237

(n) a group of people with special skills who work together( spescially on a ship or plane or for a tv/movie production) | خدمه

Answer 238

باتری

Answer 239

**hobby** سرگرمی * take up a hobby **interest** علاقه *something that you are interested in and like doing or talking about* * Her interests were the same as most young girls – pop music, boys and clothes. * **pastime (especially written)** سرگرمی * something that you do because it is enjoyable or interesting* Gardening was her mother's favourite pastime. * In England talking about the weather is a national pastime (=something that a lot of people in a country do). **passion** شور و علاقه *something that you feel extremely interested in and care a lot about* * Football was his passion. * For the French, food is a passion. **pursuit (formal)** فعالیت *an activity that you spend time doing – used especially in the following phrases* * The hills and lakes are used for a variety of outdoor pursuits. * Her son wasn't really interested in academic pursuits. * Mountaineering, golfing, and fishing were among his leisure pursuits

Answer 240

**laboratory**

Answer 241

(n) an important job that involves traveling somewhere (n) any work that someone believes it is their duty to do | ماموریت

Answer 242

(n) a small round hard piece of medicine which you swallow = pill (n) a piece of stone or other hard material used for writing, esp. in ancient times (n) sheets paper that have been fastened together at one edge, used for writing or drawing; a pad: | لوح یا صفحه، قرص، تبلت

Answer 243

(adj) capable of working successfully = feasible. (adj) capable of surviving or growing successfully, especially under particular environmental conditions. | شدنی یا قابل اجرا، با قابلیت بقا و رویش پذیر

Answer 244

(v) to move something with a quick sudden movement so that it is in a different position (v) turn sth over quickly one or more times, and if something flips, it turns over quickly | برگرداندن( پشت و رو کردن)، چرخاندن ، ورق زدن

Answer 245

(adj) light and small enough to be easily carried or moved | قابل حمل

Answer 246

(adj) very clear and gives a lot of details, especially unpleasant ones = vivid (adj) connected with or including drawing, printing, or designing | گرافیکی و ترسیمی ، مستهجن

Answer 247

**caretakers** Children who become caretakers of other family members often feel satisfied and proud of the contribution they are making to their family's livelihood

Answer 248

**enthusiasm** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : enthuse about/over صحبت کردن در مورد چیزی با علاقه یا هیجان ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enthusiasm / enthusiastعلاقه مند,طرفدار ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enthusiastic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : enthusiastically **have enthusiasm** He never had much enthusiasm for work. **show enthusiasm** The younger children showed little enthusiasm for the game. **lose (your) enthusiasm** The diet started well, but I lost enthusiasm after a while. **arouse/generate enthusiasm formal (=make people feel enthusiastic)** The changes to the timetable failed to arouse enthusiasm amongst the staff. **little /great/much/considerable/ enormous/tremendous enthusiasm boundless/unbounded enthusiasm (formal) (=very great)** I’d like to thank the design team for their boundless enthusiasm. **youthful enthusiasm (=enthusiasm that is typical of young people)** **with/without enthusiasm** The proposal has been greeted with enthusiasm by both parties. **(be) full of enthusiasm (=very enthusiastic)** He entered politics full of enthusiasm, but that gradually disappeared. **be bursting/bubbling with enthusiasm (=be very excited and enthusiastic)** Andrea’s voice was bubbling with enthusiasm when she told John her plans. **a lack of enthusiasm** My lack of enthusiasm for his suggestion made him angry.

Answer 249

(n) a form of a language that is spoken only in one area, with words or grammar that is slightly different from other forms of the same language | گویش

Answer 250

(n) a long and difficult journey, made especially on foot as an adventure = hike | syn= journey , long trip, voyage سفر دریایی ## Footnote پیاده روی طولانی

Answer 251

(n)a very small piece of fire that flies out from something that is burning, or one that is made by rubbing two hard things together, or a flash of light made by electricity (n) a small action or event that causes something to happen, especially trouble or violence (n) a quality of intelligence or energy that makes someone successful or fun to be with (v) to be the cause of something, especially trouble or violence = provoke | syn= start, launch, set in motion ## Footnote جرقه (زدن)، برانگیختن

Answer 252

(adj) possible and is likely to work = possible | syn= practical, workable, possible ## Footnote امکان پذیر، شدنی

Answer 253

(adj) probably not honest, true, right etc (adj) not sure whether something is good or true = doubtful | syn= doubtful, questionable, unpromising ## Footnote شک برانگیز ، مردد

Answer 254

(n) not fixed in one position, and easy to move and use in different places, and able to move or travel easily (n) moving or able to move from one job, area, or social class to another | syn= moveable, not fixed, transportable ## Footnote سیار ، متحرک

Answer 255

(adj) useful to you because it saves you time, or does not spoil your plans or cause you problems(suitable for your purposes and needs and causing the least difficulty) (adj) close and easy to reach | مناسب ، راحت ، دسترسی خوب و آسان

Answer 256

**constructive** constructive criticism/ critic/ approach/ advice/ actions/feedback dialogue/discussion/ meeting

Answer 257

**moody** ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mood / moodyness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : moody ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :moodily

Answer 258

**habit** eating/annoying/nervous habits ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : habit ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : habitual = doing something from habit, and unable to stop doing it ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : habitually عادتاً habitual criminal/offender habitual drinker/smoker/gambler

Answer 259

**speculate** * She refused to speculate. * speculate on/about (why/what etc) * Jones refused to speculate about what might happen. * speculate that * Some analysts speculated that jobs will be lost. * speculate in/on * He speculated in stocks. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : speculate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : speculation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : speculative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : speculatively

Answer 260

**deprivation** * social/economic/emotional/sensory/nutrition deprivation * deprivation of ..... فعل ( verb ) : deprive اسم ( noun ) : deprivation صفت ( adjective ) : deprived قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 261

**temper or temperament** quick/bad/fiery/ bad/terrible temper have a temper be in a temper control/keep your temper lose your temper (=become angry)

Answer 262

**consequence** consequence ::::: نتیجه ، نتیجه ی consequent :::: حاصل the rise in inflation and consequent fall in demand consequent on :::: ناشی از ، حاصل از Death was due to haemorrhage from shock consequent on the injuries. concequently ::: درنتیجه **consequence of** Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation. **consequence for** Our findings have far-reaching consequences for researchers. **with ... consequences** He ate some poisonous mushrooms, with fatal consequences. **as a consequence (of something)/in consequence (of something)** **of little/no/any etc consequence** **be a consequence of something** Low energy may be a consequence of sleeping badly. **have consequences** Taking financial risks can have serious consequences. **accept/take the consequences (=understand and deal with them)** I’m prepared to accept the consequences of my decision. **face/suffer the consequences (=accept the bad results of something you have done)** He broke the law, and he will have to face the consequences. **consequences follow (=happen)** Once the decision has been made, consequences follow. **consider the consequences (=think what might happen as a result of something)** She jumped into the river without considering the consequences. **escape the consequences (=avoid them)** I knew I’d made a mistake and that I couldn’t escape the consequences. **the possible/likely consequences** What are the likely consequences of these changes? **an inevitable consequence (=that you cannot avoid)** Loss of mobility is not an inevitable consequence of old age. **serious consequences (=bad and important)** Too much fishing in these seas has had serious consequences. **disastrous/dire consequences (=very bad and damaging)** If temperatures continue to rise, it could have disastrous consequences for agriculture. **an important consequence** This discovery was an important consequence of his research. **social/political/economic consequences** The rise in food prices has had enormous economic and political consequences. **a direct consequence of something (=a consequence directly caused by something)** The spread of information has been a direct consequence of the Internet. **a natural/logical consequence (=that naturally/logically follows something)** Obviously disappointment is a natural consequence of defeat. **a negative consequence (=a bad or unpleasant result)** the negative consequences of drinking too much alcohol **an adverse/unfortunate consequence (=that affects your life, a situation etc badly)** Divorce often has unfortunate consequences for children. **tragic consequences (=very sad, usually involving death)** Someone dropped a burning cigarette, with tragic consequences. **far-reaching consequences (=important and affecting many things)** The new law is sure to have far-reaching consequences. **long-term consequences (=results that last a long time, or appear after a long time)** If you smoke it may have long-term consequences.

Answer 263

**prune** * She spent the afternoon pruning roses. * The plan for the next financial year is to prune 25% off the budget. * The company is **pruning staff** in order to reduce costs. * The original version of the text has been pruned quite a bit. **if you prune something such as a piece of writing, you make it shorter by removing parts of it that are needed or wanted to prune an organization, its expenditure, or the jobs it provides means to make it smaller by reducing it in size, or by reducing the amount of money it spends.**

Answer 264

**leisure** * leisure time * a leisure activity/interest * leisure pursuits formal (=leisure activities) * a leisure centre/complex (=a place where you can play sports etc) * leisure facilities (=different places where you can play sports etc) * the leisure industry/sector * a leisure group (=a group of companies in the leisure industry)

Answer 265

**circuit** * an electrical/electronic circuit * The microprocessor is an integrated circuit that processes all information in the computer. * If all of the connections in a circuit are not intact, then the electrical current will be stopped on its way through the circuit.

Answer 266

**executive** * a high-ranking/senior/top executive مدیراجرایی ارشد * Chief Executive مدیر اجرایی * executive body/committee etc (=a group of people who have the power to make decisions) * Susan wasn't willing to wait for the others to make up their minds, so she made an executive decision to order pizza and garlic bread for dinner. * In some countries, the office of the president holds executive power, while in others the president is mainly a figurehead, and real power belongs to the * prime minister. * National emergencies such as floods, tornados, and wildfires require prompt executive action to ensure the quick arrival of needed supplies. * executive skills * executive cars * an executive suite یک مجموعه اجرایی * advertising/marketing/oil executive * company/corporate/industry executives * a financial/sales executive * The executive functions of the company were carried out by a group of managers who set plans and policies for all of the employees. * The kings and queens of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are all heads of state, but none of them have any executive powers. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : execute ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : execution / executive / executioner / executor ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : executive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 267

**caution** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : caution ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : caution / cautiousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cautionaryهشدار دهنده / cautious محتاط ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : cautiously **caution (somebody) against something** Business leaders are cautioning against hasty action that would hamper flexibility. **caution (somebody) that** Officials were quick to caution that these remarks did not mean an end to the peace process. **caution somebody to do something** He cautioned them to avoid the forest at night. **advise caution (also counsel caution formal)** We advise caution if you are buying a property overseas. **exercise caution (=be careful)** Travellers are advised to exercise caution while travelling in remote areas. **proceed with caution** You should always proceed with caution in financial matters. **treat something with caution** The results of the survey should be treated with caution. **great caution** Exercise great caution when handling toxic waste. **extreme caution** Bears can be dangerous and walkers should proceed with extreme caution. **the utmost caution** You are advised to take the utmost caution when buying a second-hand car. **due caution formal (=the carefulness that is necessary)** An over-confident driver may overtake without due caution. | (take) precaution اقدام پیشگیرانه

Answer 268

**translate** **if one thing translates into another, the second thing happens as a result of the first** * translate (something) into something * A small increase in local spending will translate into a big rise in property tax. * These rates translate into a return of 8.5% for dollar investors. * translate into=> So how does this theory translate into practical policy? * translate well to=> The ways of working that he had learned at college did not translate well (= were not suitable) to the world of business. Ordinary people are hoping that the recent economic recovery will translate into more jobs. A raise in pay doesn't always translate into more spending money, as much of it ends up going to taxes ✅ فعل ( verb ) : translate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : translation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : translatable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 269

**crew** crew member a TV/film/camera/movie/stage crew

Answer 270

**battery** flat (British English)/ dead( American English) battery (=with no more electricity in it)

Answer 271

**refrigerator / fridge** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : refrigerate در یخچال قرار دادن ، خنک نگه داشتن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : refrigerator / refrigeration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : refrigerated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 272

**tablet** vitamin/sleeping/indigestion etc tablet

Answer 273

**mission** * the first manned space mission to Mars * US troops taking part in the peacekeeping mission * rescue mission

Answer 274

**accent** regional accent

Answer 275

**software - hardware**

Answer 276

**viable** **a viable idea/ plan/ method** **viable alternative/proposition/option/ solution etc** The committee came forward with one viable solution. **economically/commercially/financially viable** شدنی و مقرون به صرفه بودن Will a hotel here be financially viable? **a viable business/company/market** ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : viability ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : viable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : viably

Answer 277

**flip** I flipped the book (over) to look at the back cover. I lost my place in my book when the pages flipped over in the wind. flip someone/something over=> Carefully flip the cake over, so that it's right-side-up. Eventually a wave flipped him over, and he was able to call for help. flip a switch=> You turn the machine on by flipping (= operating) the switch on the side.

Answer 278

**portable** a portable radio/phone/computer ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : portability

Answer 279

**graphic** * His illness is described **in graphic detail.** * a graphic description/account * the graphic arts ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : graphics هر گونه نمایش تصویری از داده ها ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : graphic بیشتر معنی اول / graphicalنشان داده شده توسط یک نمودار یا مربوط به آن ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : graphically

Answer 280

**scan** * He scanned the horizon, but there was no sign of the ship. * scan something for something=> I scanned the street for people I knew. * She scanned through the paper. * They scanned his brain for signs of damage. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : scan ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : scan / scanner ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : scanned ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 281

**magnetic** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : magnetize اهن ربا کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : magnet/ magnetization / magnetism خاصیت مغناطیسی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : magnetic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : magnetically

Answer 282

**dialect**

Answer 283

**trek** a lonely trek through the forest | syn= journey , long trip, voyage سفر دریایی

Answer 284

**spark** * sparks from the fire * electric sparks from a broken wire * spark of interest/excitement/anger * Interest rate cuts were the spark the market needed. * She was tired, and lacked her usual spark. * The police response sparked outrage in the community. * spark somebody’s interest/hope/curiosity etc * provoke/spark/trigger debate (=cause a debate to start) | syn= start, launch, set in motion, provoke/trigger

Answer 285

**feasible** a feasible solution economically/technically/politically etc feasible فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : feasibility صفت ( adjective ) : feasible قید ( adverb ) : feasibly | syn= practical, workable, possible

Answer 286

**dubious** * These claims are dubious and not scientifically proven. * He has been associated with some dubious characters. * I can see you are dubious; take some time to think about it. * dubious about=> Some universities are dubious about accepting students over the age of 30. ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dubiousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dubious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : dubiously | syn= doubtful, questionable, unpromising

Answer 287

**(im)mobile** * mobile air-conditioners * People these days are much more socially mobile. * She’s more mobile now that she has her own car. **mobile library/shop/clinic etc** **mobile mouth/face/features** = (written) features that can change their expression quickly **highly mobile (=very mobile)** We now live in a highly mobile society. **upwardly mobile (=moving up to a higher social class)** The restaurant's customers are mainly upwardly mobile young professionals. **socially mobile (=moving from one social class to another, especially to a higher social class)** Children today are even less likely to be socially mobile. | syn= moveable, not fixed, transportable

Answer 288

**(in)convenient** * Mail-order catalogs are a convenient way to shop. * My secretary will call you to arrange a convenient time to meet. * convenient for=>Is three o'clock convenient for you? * convenient to do something=> It is simple and convenient to use. * a very convenient bus service * Our new house is very convenient for/to (= near to) the kids' school. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : (in)convenience ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : (in)convenient ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : (in)conveniently

Answer 289

**global** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : globalize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : globe / globalization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : global ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : globally | syn= international, large-scale, worldwide

Answer 290

**dissolve** * Stir until the sugar dissolves. * dissolve in=> Sugar dissolves in water. * dissolve something in something=> Dissolve the tablet in water. ---------------------------------------- * Parliament has been dissolved. * Their marriage was dissolved in 1968. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Her enthusiasm dissolved his shyness. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dissolve ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dissolution / dissolvent / dissolubility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dissoluble / dissolvable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ----------------------------------------------------------------- dissolution vs termination While both words are concerned with the end of a business partnership, dissolution refers to the process itself, and usually to the departure (or death) of one or more individuals from the entity, while termination refers to the cessation of all operations, including the disposal of all assets. | syn= mel, liquefy, soften

Answer 291

**cope (with)** * He coped quite well as manager while still captaining the team. * Local authorities have to cope with the problems of homelessness. * No system is designed to cope with the floods we have had this year. * **cope with a situation** **can/can't cope** Older people can't cope so well with the heat. **be able/unable to cope** Some young mothers feel that they aren't able to cope on their own. **struggle to cope** Hospital wards are struggling to cope with the injured. **learn to cope** In this job, you'll have to learn to cope with pressure. **cope well** Most schools coped well with the change. **cope easily** The exam was tough but she coped easily. **cope successfully** Careful planning will help you to cope successfully. **it is difficult/hard to cope** We were finding it difficult to cope financially. **somebody's ability to cope** The bears' survival will depend on their ability to cope with a changing environment. **a way of coping** Working hard was a way of coping with his grief. **coping skills** We help people learn coping skills to deal with these pressures. **a coping strategy (=a way of coping with something)** Some people use humour as a coping strategy. | syn= handle, deal with, manage

Answer 292

**oral** * an oral agreement * oral hygiene * oral examination **(adv)orally** The drug should be taken orally. | syn= spoken, verbal, by mouth

Answer 293

**diet** 1- collocation for first meaning * healthy/good/poor/unhealthy/a balanced/a varied * a sensible/proper diet * somebody’s staple diet (=the food that a group of people or type of animal normally eats) * a vegetarian diet (=that does not include any meat or fish) * a high-fibre/high-protein etc diet * eat/have a diet * live/exist on a diet of something * feed somebody on a diet of something * a diet high/rich in something (=which contains a lot of something) ...................................................................................................... be on a diet (=to only eat certain foods in order to lose weight) go on a diet (=start eating less or only some types of food) follow a .... diet (=only eat certain types of food) stick to a diet (=continue to follow a diet) a strict diet (=in which you eat a very limited amount or range of food) a crash diet (=a very sudden and strict attempt to lose weight) a low-calorie/low-fat etc diet a starvation diet (=in which you eat very little) COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘she’s doing a diet’. Say she’s on a diet.Don’t say ‘keep a diet’. Say stick to a diet.

Answer 294

**menu** choose/order something from the menu

Answer 295

**label** * He seems to be stuck with the label of "troublemaker". * a luggage label .................................................... label something sth=>The file was labelled ‘Top Secret’. label something with something=> Each bag of seeds is labelled with the grower’s name. ....................................................................................... label somebody/something (as) something The newspapers had unjustly labelled him a troublemaker. designer label= a famous and prestigious fashion brand.

Answer 296

**handy** * handy with=> He’s very handy with a screwdriver. * It’s very handy having a light above your desk. * Take your swimming trunks with you – they might come in handy

Answer 297

**relieve** relieve tension/pressure/stress/pain/anxieties ........................................................................................ * programs aimed at relieving unemployment * The addition to the school will relieve overcrowding. * New toll roads could help relieve congestion on other routes. * emergency food aid to help relieve the famine * relieve congestion/overcrowding .......................................................................................... The guard will be relieved at midnight فعل ( verb ) : relieve اسم ( noun ) : relief صفت ( adjective ) : relieved قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= alleviate, lessen, ease

Answer 298

**layout** * the layout of the park * All the flats in the building had the same layout. * the layout of a business letter * page layout software

Answer 299

**adopt** * I think it's time to adopt a different strategy in my dealings with him. * The new tax would force companies to adopt energy-saving measures. * He's adopted a remarkably light-hearted attitude towards the situation. * They've adopted a baby girl. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : adopt ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : adoption ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : adopted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 300

**hint** There's just a hint of brandy in the sauce. I detected a hint of doubt in his voice. ................................. There have been hints that he may take up coaching.

Answer 301

**grab** Why don’t you go and grab some sleep? Hang on while I grab a cup of coffee. Let’s grab a bite to eat before we go. .............................................................................................. I grabbed my bag and ran off. Two men grabbed her and pushed her to the ground. Kay grabbed hold of my arm to stop herself falling. grab a bite to eat= to get something to eat but to do quickly, because you don't have a lot of time

Answer 302

**encounter (n,v)** **encounter problems/difficulties/situations** * They encountered serious problems when two members of the expedition were injured. **encounter opposition/resistance** * The government has encountered strong opposition to its plans to raise income tax. * The doctor had encountered several similar cases in the past ............................................................................ I first encountered him when studying at Cambridge. .................................................................................................... encounter with=> I had an alarming encounter with a wild pig. encounter between=> This meeting will be the first encounter between the party leaders since the election. a close encounter with a snake

Answer 303

**glance (v,n)** glance at/up/down etc glance at/through etc=> for reading .................................................................................... **give something/somebody a glance** He gave Imran a quick glance. **take a glance (also have a glance British English)** She took a quick glance around the office. **exchange glances (=look at each other quickly)** Mai exchanged glances with Tatsuya. **a quick/brief glance** I had little time for more than a quick glance around the house. **a sidelong/sideways glance (=a way of looking by moving your eyes to the side)** Christina gave her husband a sidelong glance. | syn= quick look, glimpse

Answer 304

**architect**

Answer 305

**Indulge** **indulge in** * Most of us were too busy to indulge in heavy lunchtime drinking. * Eva had never been one to indulge in self-pity. **indulge yourself** * Even if you’re dieting, you can indulge yourself (=eat what you want) once in a while. * Ray has enough money to indulge his taste for expensive wines. فعل ( verb ) : indulge اسم ( noun ) : indulgence صفت ( adjective ) : indulgent قید ( adverb ) : indulgently | syn= have something nice, treat

Answer 306

**donate** ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : donation | syn= give, contribute

Answer 307

**impose** The court can impose a fine. **impose something on something/somebody** The government imposed a ban on the sale of ivory. ........................................................................................ **impose something on somebody** parents who impose their own moral values on their children ......................................................................................... We could ask to stay the night, but I don’t want to impose on them. ................................................................................................ **impose a burden/hardship/strain etc (on somebody/ something)** Military spending imposes a considerable financial strain on the economy. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : impose ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : imposition ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : imposing ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= force, oblige

Answer 308

**gently** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : gentleness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : gentle ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : gently

Answer 309

**beware** * Beware salespeople who promise offers that seem too good to be true. * You should beware of undercooked food when staying in hot countries. * Beware of falling asleep while sunbathing. | syn= be careful, be cautious

Answer 310

**consumer** consumer goods/products (=things that people buy for their own use) consumer demand (=the demand for things to buy) consumer spending (also consumer expenditure formal) a consumer group (=an organization that protects consumers’ rights) consumer prices consumer choice the consumer market (=the people who buy consumer goods) a consumer society (=a society of people who want to buy a lot of things) consumer debt (=money people owe because they buy too much) a domestic consumer (=one that buys in the country where something is produced) ✅ فعل ( verb ) : consume ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : consumption / consumable / consumer / consumerism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : consumable / consumerist / consuming ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= customer, user

Answer 311

**lifestyle** * a greener lifestyle * a healthy lifestyle * an active lifestyle (=in which you exercise) * a **sedentary lifestyle** (=in which you sit down a lot and do not exercise much) * a lavish/extravagant lifestyle (=in which you buy or do expensive things) * a comfortable lifestyle (=in which you have enough money to buy things you want) * an alternative lifestyle (=one that is different from most people's) * a busy/hectic lifestyle * a stressful lifestyle * have a healthy/simple etc lifestyle * change your lifestyle * maintain your lifestyle (=keep your lifestyle as it is) * live a healthy/simple etc lifestyle * a lifestyle choice (=a choice about how you live) *comfortable lifestyle | syn= way of life, existence

Answer 312

**infrequently** (n)infrequency (adj) infrequent (adv) infrequently | syn= rarely, seldom

Answer 313

**classify** classify something as/under something ✅ فعل ( verb ) : classify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : classification / class ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : classified / classifiable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 314

**squeeze** He squeezed the trigger, but nothing happened. ............................................................................................ **squeeze something out** =>Try to squeeze a bit more out. **squeeze something on/onto something** => Squeeze a bit of lemon juice onto the fish. .................................................................................................. **squeeze into** =>Five of us squeezed into the back seat. **squeeze through/past** =>He had squeezed through a gap in the fence. **squeeze somebody/something in** =>We could probably squeeze in a few more people.

Answer 315

**idiot** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : idiocy / idiot ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : idiotic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : idiotically

Answer 316

**passionate** فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : passion صفت ( adjective ) : passionate قید ( adverb ) : passionately

Answer 317

**resolve** resolve a problem/ crisis/ situation/ dispute/ conflict/ issue/ matter/ question/ your differences ............................................................................................. resolve to do something=> After the divorce she resolved never to marry again. resolve that=> Mary resolved that she would stop smoking. The Senate resolved to accept the president’s proposals. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : resolve ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : resolution / resolve = strong determination to succeed in doing something ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : - ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 318

**hassle** * I don’t feel like cooking tonight, it’s too much hassle. * avoid a hassle * worth the hassle * reduce the hassle | annoyance

Answer 319

**curiosity** aroused sb's curiosity بر انگیختن کنجکاوی satisfy our curiosity show their curiosity فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : curiosity صفت ( adjective ) : curious قید ( adverb ) : curiously

Answer 320

**persist** **persist in (doing) something** He persisted in his refusal to admit responsibility. **persist with** She persisted with her studies in spite of financial problems. ............................................................................................... If the pain persists, you must see a doctor. فعل ( verb ) : persist اسم ( noun ) : persistence صفت ( adjective ) : persistent قید ( adverb ) : persistently

Answer 321

**sting-stung-stung** * He was stung by a bee. * Chopping onions makes my eyes sting. * a bee sting * The sting of not being invited to the party upset her until she realized she was now free to go to the play she wanted to see.

Answer 322

**tolerate** We simply will not tolerate vigilante groups on our streets. I couldn’t tolerate the long hours. plants that tolerate drought ...................................................................................................... endure means to keep pushing on ahead no matter the obstacle. Tolerate is putting up with something as long as you can without undue stress. فعل ( verb ) : tolerate اسم ( noun ) : toleration / tolerance صفت ( adjective ) : tolerable / tolerant قید ( adverb ) : tolerably

Answer 323

**opt** **opt for** =>We finally opted for the wood finish. **opt to do something** =>Many young people are opting to go on to college. ...................................................................... **opt in** to choose to be part of a group, system, activity, arrangement, etc. Employees have the choice to opt in to the scheme. Company policy is to leave new workers out of the pension scheme, unless they choose to opt in. .................................................................................. **opt out** to choose not to be part of an activity, a group, system or to stop being involved in it / or to avoid doing a duty You can’t just opt out of all responsibility for the child! Britain wants to opt out of the new European regulations. Within any society, there will usually be people who decide to opt out (= choose not to live the way most people do). Employees can choose to opt out of the pension scheme. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : opt ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : option ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : optional ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : optionally

Answer 324

**humor** a sense of humour see/appreciate the humour

Answer 325

**irritated** **irritated about/at/with/by** John was getting irritated by all her questions. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : irritate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : irritability / irritation / irritant ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : irritable / irritated / irritating / irritant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : irritably / irritatingly

Answer 326

**kettle**

Answer 327

**frustration** * People often feel a sense of frustration that they are not being promoted quickly enough. **in/with frustration** * I was practically screaming with frustration. * In spite of his frustrations, he fell in love with the country. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : frustrate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : frustration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : frustrated / frustrating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : frustratingly

Answer 328

**panic** The children fled in panic. He started to panic when he saw the gun **panic somebody into doing something** =>The protests became more violent and many people were panicked into leaving the country ✅ فعل ( verb ) : panic ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : panic ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : panicky

Answer 329

**classic** classic novel/car/study

Answer 330

**illustrate** Let me give an example to illustrate the point **illustrate that**=> This dispute illustrates that the regime is deeply divided. **illustrate how** =>The following examples illustrate how this operates in practice. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : illustrate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : illustration / illustrator تصویرگر ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : illustrative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : illustratively

Answer 331

**craft** * traditional/rural/ancient/local crafts * The musician spends years perfecting his craft. * Each doll is crafted individually by specialists. * craft fair

Answer 332

**bulb** tulip bulbs

Answer 333

**ornamental** ornamental gardens The pillars in the centre are purely ornamental. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ornament = to add decoration to something = decorate She ornamented her letters with little drawings in the margin. ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ornament = an object that is beautiful rather than useful / ornamentation = decoration a shelf covered with books and ornaments a bronze plate with gold ornamentation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ornamental = decorative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ornamentally = decoratively

Answer 334

**device** modern labor-saving devices **device for doing something** a device for separating metal from garbage **device to do something** The company makes devices to detect carbon monoxide. handheld/ labor-savingdevices safety/security/medical device .................................................................................................. * A trademark can be a powerful marketing device. * Her cool manner is just a device to avoid having to talk to people. * Their proposal was only a device to confuse the opposition. .................................................................................................. **devise** to invent or plan

Answer 335

**offset** * Cuts in prices for milk, butter, and cheese will be offset by direct payments to farmers. * The extra cost of travelling to work is offset by the lower price of houses here. * The extra cost of commuting to work from the suburbs is offset by cheaper rents. **offset something against something**جبران کردن چیزی با چیزی He was able to offset his travel expenses against tax. **offset the [costs, losses, increase, risk, the effects of]**

Answer 336

**loyalty** loyalty to/towards brand loyalty ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : loyalty / loyalist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : loyal ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : loyally

Answer 337

**appliance** domestic/household/electrical etc appliance energy-efficient appliances

Answer 338

**gallery**

Answer 339

**ample** There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing. She found ample room for her things in the wardrobe. **ample time/evidence/opportunity/ room/space** ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ample ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : amply Recent US history has amply demonstrated the risks of foreign intervention. | syn= enough, sufficient

Answer 340

**reward** The school has a system of rewards and punishments to encourage good behaviour. **reward for (doing) something** Parents often give their children rewards for passing exams. financial/economic reward (also monetary reward formal) ............................................................................................ reward of =>A reward of $20,000 has been offered. reward for => a reward for information leading to the capture of the murderers .......................................................................................... **reward somebody with something** The club’s directors rewarded him with a free season ticket. **reward somebody for (doing) something** She wanted to reward the cleaners for their efforts. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : reward ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : reward ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : rewarding ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 341

**fine** pay a fine

Answer 342

**sweat** a cold sweat =a state of nervousness or fear, especially one in which you are sweating **in/into a (cold) sweat** I woke up from the nightmare in a cold sweat.

Answer 343

**obsession** Gambling became an obsession, and he eventually lost everything. obsession with=> an unhealthy obsession with being thin

Answer 344

**surgeon** ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : surgery جراحی / surgeon ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : surgical ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : surgically

Answer 345

**tuck** Giles was tucking his pile of books under his arm. He took the glasses off and tucked them in his pocket. ................................................................................. tuck something in =>Jack tucked his shirt in. tuck something into/under/behind etc something => She tucked an unruly lock of hair behind her ear.

Answer 346

**nervous** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : nerve ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : nerve / nervousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : nervous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : nervously | syn= anxious, worried, frightened

Answer 347

**rapidly** rapid growth/expansion/development/increase Their debts mounted with alarming rapidity. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : rapidity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : rapid ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : rapidly | syn= speedily, quickly, hurriedly

Answer 348

**necessity** * The report stresses the necessity of eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. * With a personal fortune of sixty million dollars, she certainly doesn't work out of necessity ............................................................................................. * She saw books as a necessity, not a luxury. * A car is an absolute necessity if you live in the country. **the basic/bare necessities** * A lot of families cannot even afford to buy the basic necessities of life. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : necessitate ضروری کردن انجام کاری ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : necessity / necessaries چیزهایی مانند غذا یا لباس های اولیه که برای زندگی به آن نیاز دارید ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : necessary ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : necessarily | syn= obligation, need, requirement

Answer 349

**reproduce** The turtles return to the coast to reproduce. .................................................................................. Klimt’s artwork is reproduced in this exquisite book. .................................................................................. British scientists have so far been unable to reproduce these results. .............................................................................................. With a good set of speakers, you can reproduce the orchestra’s sound in your own home. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : reproduce ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : reproduction ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : reproducible / reproductive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ## Footnote syn= copy, duplicate(دومعنی آخر), imitate, replicate (معنی آخر یا تکثیر مولوکول و ویروس) , propagate (معنی اول)

Answer 350

**convey** **convey something to somebody** I want to convey to children that reading is one of life’s greatest treats. **convey a sense/an impression/an idea/ information/ image/feeling/meaning etc** ...................................................................................... Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : convey ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conveyance انتقال / conveyor انتقال دهنده ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : - ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= pass on, transmit, give

Answer 351

**(in)fertility** declining fertility rates He runs a fertility clinic. the fertility of the soil ✅ فعل ( verb ) : fertilize حاصلخیز و بارور کردن،کود دادن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fertilization / fertilizer کود / fertility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fertile باروری و حاصلخیز ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= fruitfulness, richness, productiveness

Answer 352

**circulation** * Exercise improves the circulation. * blood circulation * good/bad circulation => Doctors had to remove her leg because of bad circulation. ........................................................................................... **in/out of circulation** * Police believe there are thousands of illegal guns in circulation. * The book was taken out of circulation. **remove/withdraw something from circulation** The Treasury Department plans to remove older coins from circulation and replace them with new ones. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : circulate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : circulation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : circulated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= flow, movement, distribution

Answer 353

**numerous** * Numerous attempts have been made to hide the truth. * The two leaders have worked together on numerous occasions. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : number ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : numeracy توانایی انجام محاسبات و درک ریاضیات ساده/ numeral نمادی که یک عدد را نشان می دهد/ number ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : numerous / numerical ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : numerously / numerically | syn= many, lots of, countless

Answer 354

**superior** Fletcher’s superior technique brought him victory. superior performance/quality/strength **superior to** =>Your computer is far superior to mine. .................................................................. She had that superior tone of voice. ......................................................................... Don’t you usually salute a superior officer? ant= inferior | syn=better, greater, advanced

Answer 355

**ally** * a meeting of the European allies * Ridley was one of the Queen’s closest allies * ally yourself to/with somebody => Some of the northern cities allied themselves with the emperor. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ally ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ally / alliance اتحاد ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : allied ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= combine, group, unite

Answer 356

**shadow** the long dark shadow of an old oak tree ..................................................................................... **in/under the shadow of something** For years, people had been living under the shadow of communism. **cast a shadow over/on something (=make something seem less enjoyable, attractive, or impressive)** The events of September 11th cast a shadow over the celebrations.

Answer 357

**grease** * You ought to put some grease on that hinge * There’s always a lot of grease when you cook lamb. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : grease ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : grease ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : greasely ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 358

**recipe** a recipe for tomato soup ....................................................................................... She said that five small boys on skis was a recipe for disaster, not a holiday.

Answer 359

**crush** * His leg was crushed in the accident. * Crush two cloves of garlic. * crush a rebellion/uprising/revolt etc * crush somebody’s hopes/enthusiasm/confidence etc * Sara was crushed by their insults. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : crush ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : crush ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : crushed / crushing ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 360

**powder** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : powder ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : powder ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : powdered / powdery ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 361

**pale** **pale into insignificance** *to seem much less important when compared to something bigger, worse, more serious* * The amounts of money involved **pale into insignificance when compared with** the sums spent each year on research. **pale in/by comparison** *to seem small or unimportant compared to something else* * The amount of money spent on advertising milk pales in comparison to the money spent on advertising beer * Today’s economic problems pale in comparison with those of the 1930s. ............................................................................................... He looked very pale and drawn. turn/go pale =>He suddenly went pale. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : pale ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : paleness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : pale ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 362

**mercury**

Answer 363

**abandon** How could she abandon her own child? ........................................................................................ Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned the city. ............................................................................................. They abandoned their attempt to recapture the castle. ............................................................................................ They were accused of abandoning their socialist principles. فعل ( verb ) : abandon اسم ( noun ) : abandonment صفت ( adjective ) : abandoned قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 364

**routine** * somebody’s daily/normal/usual/regular routine * get (somebody) into a routine * break a routine (=do something different) ...................................................................................... a dance routine

Answer 365

**alongside** Children’s prices are shown alongside adult prices. Organized crime continued to flourish alongside the mainstream economy. | syn= with, next to

Answer 366

**perfume** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : perfume ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : perfume / perfumery ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : perfumed ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= scent, aroma

Answer 367

**civilization** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : civilize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : civilization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : civilized ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 368

**marital** marital problems marital breakdown marital status ✅ فعل ( verb ) : marry ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : marriage ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : married / marital ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn = marriage, union

Answer 369

**desert** barren/dry/vast desert dessert دسر | syn= wasteland, arid region

Answer 370

**mineral** * rich in minerals. * mineral resources * a mineral deposit (= substance or layer that is left) * rich mineral reserves .............................................................................. * A healthy diet should supply all necessary vitamins and minerals. * a mineral supplement a mineral deposit is the total amount of minerals present, whereas mineral reserves are the subset of the deposit that can be economically extracted. | syn= rock, raw material

Answer 371

**strict** strict rules/regulations/guidelines/code (=set of rules about what is acceptable)/limits/discipline/ diet/ requirements/criteria | syn= firm, stern

Answer 372

**poison** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : poison ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : poison / poisoning / poisoner ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : poisonous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : poisonously

Answer 373

**wander** For an hour and a half we wandered around the streets of Venice, totally lost. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : wander ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wanderer / wanderings ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : wandering ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 374

**composition** * The composition of the group that is studied depends on the interests of the researcher. * Some minerals have complex chemical compositions. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : compose ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : composition ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : compositional ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : compositionally .................................................................................................... * a composition by jazzman Dave Brubeck, called ‘Chromatic Fantasy’ * The Journals contain accounts of literary composition. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : compose ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : composure خونسردی / composition / composer ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : composed ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ................................................................................................... **compose** *1-be composed of something=> to be formed from a number of substances, parts, or people = consist of* * Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. آب از هیدروژن و اکسیژن تشکیل شده است *2-to combine together to form something = make up* * More than 17.6 million firms compose the business sector of our economy. بیش از 17.6 میلیون شرکت بخش تجاری اقتصاد ما را تشکیل می دهند *3- to write a piece of music* * Barrington has composed the music for a new production of ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ بارینگتون موسیقی تولید جدید «رویای یک شب نیمه تابستان» را ساخته است.

Answer 375

**fascinating** That sounds absolutely fascinating. **find somebody/something fascinating** I found him quite fascinating. فعل ( verb ) : fascinate اسم ( noun ) : fascination صفت ( adjective ) : fascinating / fascinated قید ( adverb ) : fascinatingly

Answer 376

**sequential** * The first chapter describes the strange sequence of events that led to his death. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : sequence = arrange in a particular order = order = ترتیب و توالی دادن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sequence ترتیب و توالی/ sequencing ترتیب و توالی دهی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sequential ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sequentially

Answer 377

**groceries**

Answer 378

**sneak - snuck - snuck** **sneak in/out/away/off etc** * They sneaked off without paying * The thieves snuck into the store while the owner had his back turned.

Answer 379

**former** * Their farm has been reduced to half its former size. * former President Clinton * former boss/life/world champion

Answer 380

**cuddle** * Dawn and her boyfriend were cuddling on the sofa * She had fallen asleep cuddling her favorite doll ✅ فعل ( verb ) : cuddle ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cuddle ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cuddly ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 381

**objective** * **have an objective** * **set an objective (=decide what you are trying to achieve)** * **achieve/accomplish an objective (also attain an objective formal)** * **pursue an objective (=try to achieve something you want)** * **the main/principal/primary/prime/key objective** * **an economic/military/business/political etc objective** * **aims and objectives** ........................................................................................... **objective assessment/measurement/ description etc** * It’s hard to give an objective opinion about your own children. * Scientists need to be objective when doing research. **purely/totally/completely objective** * the importance of a completely objective, independent press ✅ فعل ( verb ) : object = to feel or say that you oppose or disapprove of something / objectify= to treat a person or idea as a physical object ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : object هدف یا شی / objection اعتراض / objectivity عینیت (بر اساس واقعیت ها)/ objectification برخورد با کسی یا چیزی مثل شی/ objective ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : objective / objectionable ناخوشایند و به احتمال زیاد باعث آزار مردم می شود = offend ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : objectively

Answer 382

**hormone** hormone levels

Answer 383

**offender** * Many of the young men here are likely to offend again. * She was released from jail, only to offend again three weeks later. * a small hard core of young criminals who offend again and again ✅ فعل ( verb ) : offend توهین و ازرده کردن، ارتکاب جرم = to commit/perpetrate a crime or crimes ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : offenseیاoffence=جرم،توهین، تهاجم=crime / offender / offensive یک حمله نظامی برنامه ریزی شده / offensiveness توهین آمیزی،تهاجمی بودن،بسیار ناخوشایندی / ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : (in)offensive توهین آمیز،تهاجمی،بسیار ناخوشایند / offended توهین شده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : offensively | SYN= criminal, lawbreaker,culprit

Answer 384

**envisage** * The new football stadium cost a lot more than had been originally envisaged. * I cannot envisage what life will be like in fifty years. * envisage sth or doing something envisage the future/change/plan

Answer 385

**tragic** tragedy = سوگ tragic = غم انگیز tragically

Answer 386

**remedy** The problems in our schools do not have a simple remedy. remedy for =>The program is one remedy for discrimination. ...................................................................................... To remedy the situation, the water must be chemically treated. ....................................................................................... cold/cough remedy or a remedy for colds herbal/natural/traditional remedy

Answer 387

**infant - infancy**

Answer 388

**elaborate** pure silks embroidered with elaborate patterns a very elaborate telecommunications network elaborate hoax (collocation) حقه elaborate system ........................................................................................ He said he had new evidence, but refused to elaborate any further. **elaborate on** McDonald refused to elaborate on his reasons for resigning.

Answer 389

**distinguish** **distinguish between** His attorney argued that Cope could not distinguish between right and wrong. **distinguish somebody/something from** a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue ✅ فعل ( verb ) : distinguish ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : distinction / distinctiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : distinct / distinctive / distinguishable / distinguished ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : distinctly / distinctively ................................................... Distinct means easily separable or discrete, but distinctive is used to describe a unique feature or quality belonging to one person or thing. ............................................................... "differentiate" is used when you want to show the difference between two or more things, while "distinguish" is used when you want to mark something as unique or different from others.

Answer 390

**recollect** All I recollect is a grey sky. **recollect that** She recollected sadly that she and Ben used to laugh a lot. **recollect how/when/what etc** Can you recollect how your brother reacted? **recollect doing something** I recollect seeing Ryder some years ago in Bonn.

Answer 391

**summon** Robert summoned the waiter for the bill. **summon somebody to something** The president summoned Taylor to Washington. **summon somebody to do something** He was summoned to attend an emergency meeting. ................................................................................................. * He had to summon the energy to finish the race. * The music of the ice cream truck summoned memories of childhood vacations at the seashore. * I had to summon all of my courage to walk past the barking dogs

Answer 392

**furnish** * Having bought the house, they couldn’t afford to furnish it. **furnish something with something** a room furnished with a desk and swivel chair ..................................................................................... Will these finds furnish more information on prehistoric man? Jeanne’s catering company furnished all the food for the party. fish furnish an important source of protein **furnish somebody/something with something** John was furnished with a list of local solicitors. We aim to furnish our business customers with all their IP solutions. **furnish information/details** **furnish sth to sb**The fund may include information on its investment results in reports furnished to present or prospective shareholders. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : furnish ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : furniture / furnishings ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : (un)furnished ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 393

**behave** Learning/start/try to behave فعل ( verb ) : behave اسم ( noun ) : behavior صفت ( adjective ) : behavioral قید ( adverb ) : behaviorally | syn= conduct one's self

Answer 394

**artificial** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : artificiality ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : artificial ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : artificially ............................................................................................... artificial would generally mean something not found in Nature and synthetic would mean something that is man-made

Answer 395

**disguise** disguise yourself as somebody/something There’s no way you can disguise that southern accent. ......................................................................................... disguise something as something a letter bomb disguised as a musical greetings card .................................................................................... Try as he might, Dan couldn’t disguise his feelings for Katie. **disguise the fact (that)** There’s no disguising the fact that business is bad. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : disguise ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : disguise ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : disguised ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 396

**puberty**

Answer 397

**glory** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : glorify تجلیل کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : glory / glorification تجلیل ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : glorious با شکوه ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : gloriously

Answer 398

**controversial** فعل ( verb ) : - اسم ( noun ) : controversy صفت ( adjective ) : controversial قید ( adverb ) : controversially | syn= contentious (formal), something is a moot point (formal),

Answer 399

**gambling**

Answer 400

**scandal** * cause a scandal * be involved in a scandal * a big/major scandal * a financial scandal (=involving money) * a political scandal (=involving politicians) * a corruption scandal (=involving illegal payments) * a sex scandal * a public scandal (=one that people know about and discuss) فعل ( verb ) : scandalize رسوا کردن اسم ( noun ) : scandal صفت ( adjective ) : scandalous قید ( adverb ) : scandalously

Answer 401

**silk** (adj) silky

Answer 402

**wool** (adj) woolen

Answer 403

**unprecedented** (adv) unprecedentedly

Answer 404

**launch** launch an attack/assault/offensive/career/campaign/ investigation .................................................................................... The company hopes to launch the new drug by next October.

Answer 405

**gravel**

Answer 406

**cushioned** His landing was cushioned by the fresh snow that had fallen. (v,n) cushion کاهش تاثیر برخورد یا سقوط،کوسن

Answer 407

**barrier** * barrier to => Problems with childcare remain the biggest barrier to women succeeding at work. * trade barriers (=things such as taxes that make trade between countries difficult) * the language barrier (=the problem of understanding people who do not speak the same language) * cultural/racial/class barriers * technical/legal/political barriers. * institutional/organizational barriers * break/tear/remove/eliminate/lift down barriers * overcome barriers

Answer 408

**helmet**

Answer 409

**alike** My mother and I are alike in many ways. ........................................................................................ * The twins were dressed alike. * Sports writers and researchers alike argue that the occurrence of the performance improvement at the same time as the launch of the swimsuit could not be just chance ....................................................................................... I learned a lot from teachers and students alike. | syn= comparable, equal, similar

Answer 410

**ban** Smoking is banned in the building. **ban somebody from doing something** Charlie’s been banned from driving for a year. **a banned substance/drug** .................................................................................... ban on =>a total ban on cigarette advertising put/place/impose/enforce a ban global ban | syn= disallow, forbid, outlaw, prohibit, not allow

Answer 411

**participation** Thank you for your participation. **participation in** => We want more participation in the decision-making. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : participate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : participation / participant ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : participatory / participative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= doing, involvement, taking part

Answer 412

**champion** | syn= title holder, victor, winner

Answer 413

**giant** * a giant electronics company * a giant tortoise * the emergence of japan as an industrial giant | syn= enormous, huge, massive

Answer 414

**crash** * The jet crashed after take-off. * Two planes crashed in midair. * Two planes crashed with each other in midair. * One plane crashed with another in midair. * plane crash **crash into/onto etc** The plane crashed into a mountain. **crash a car/bus/plane etc** He was drunk when he crashed the car. ........................................................................................... **crash into/through etc** * A brick crashed through the window. * We watched the waves crashing against the rocks. * The plates went crashing to the ground. ............................................................................................... **crash** => to hit another vehicle, a tree, the ground etc, with a lot of force, causing a lot of damage * The plane crashed a kilometre from the runway. * He was scared I’d crash his car. * The car crashed into a tree. **hit** => to move into something quickly and with force * He wasn’t paying attention, and almost hit another car. * The car hit a lamppost. **collide** => if two cars, trains, planes etc collide, they hit each other, especially when they are moving in opposite directions * The two planes collided in mid-air. * An express train collided with a freight train in the morning rush hour. **smash into something phrasal verb** => to crash into something, causing a great amount of damage An army helicopter smashed into the side of the mountain. **pile-up** => a traffic accident involving many vehicles | syn= collision, pile-up, smash

Answer 415

**dwelling** residential dwelling ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dwell- dwelt or dwelled = to live in a particular place | syn= house, residence, abode, apartment, habitation,

Answer 416

**broadcast** The interview was broadcast live across Europe. ......................................................................................... a news broadcast CNN’s live broadcast of the trial | syn= program, show, transmission

Answer 417

**exposure** exposure to => Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer. exposure of => the exposure of his underground political activity exposure as => her fear of exposure as a spy ✅ فعل ( verb ) : expose ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : exposure ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exposed ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= awareness, contact, familiarity

Answer 418

**dedicated** * a dedicated and thoughtful teacher * She is a dedicated socialist. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dedicate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dedication ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dedicated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ .................................................................................. **dedicate** =>to give all your attention and effort to one particular thing **dedicate yourself/your life to something** The actress now dedicates herself to children’s charity work. | syn= devoted, enthusiastic

Answer 419

**backlash** **backlash against** => The 1970s saw the first backlash against the women’s movement. **backlash from** => The management fear a backlash from fans over the team’s poor performances.

Answer 420

**chunk** ice chunks **chunk of** => a chunk of bread a chunk of cheese/meat pineapple/tuna chunks ............................................................................................... The rent takes a large chunk out of my monthly salary. **chunk of** => A huge chunk of the audience got up and left before the end of the show

Answer 421

**grumble** grumble about/at => Farmers are always grumbling about the weather. grumble that => A few passengers grumbled that their cabins were too small. ................................................................................... Thunder grumbled overhead.

Answer 422

**console** No one could console her when Peter died. **console yourself with something** She consoled herself with the fact that no one else had done well in the exam either. **console yourself that** He consoled himself that he would see Kate again soon. ...................................................................... game consoles | = comfort sb

Answer 423

**rip** Her clothes had all been ripped. The sails ripped under the force of the wind. .................................................................................. **rip something out/off/away/down** Gilly ripped out a sheet of paper from her notebook. The buttons had been ripped off.

Answer 424

**isolation** Because of its geographical isolation, the area developed its own unique culture. **isolation of** => the isolation of rural areas **international/diplomatic/political/social isolation** **in isolation** => The political prisoner had been held in complete isolation. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : isolate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : isolation / isolationism / isolationist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : isolated / isolationist ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 425

**modest** You’re too modest! You’ve been a huge help to us. **modest about** He was always modest about his role in the Everest expedition. ............................................................................................... * a modest increase in costs * She had saved a modest amount of money. * The new service proved a modest success. * a modest house with a small garden * modest amounts of interaction * modest sum ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : modesty ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : modest ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : modestly *

Answer 426

**inclined(passive) to** Tom is inclined to be lazy. No one seemed inclined to help. .......................................................................................... **be inclined to agree/think/believe etc** to hold a particular opinion, but not very strongly داشتن یک نظر خاص، اما نه خیلی قوی * Arthur has some strange ideas, but on this occasion I’m inclined to agree with him. .............................................................................................. **be inclined to do something/inclined to something** to be likely to do something or behave in a particular way احتمال دارد کاری انجام دهد یا رفتار خاصی داشته باشد * Commandos are inclined to shoot first and ask questions later. ............................................................................................... **be/feel inclined (to do something)** want to do something, but without having a strong desire. می خواهید کاری انجام دهید، اما بدون داشتن میل شدید * It was Sunday morning, and she was not inclined to get up yet. ................................................................................................. **artistically/musically/mathematically/technically etc inclined** naturally interested in or good at art, music etc ✅ فعل ( verb ) : incline ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inclination / incline ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inclined ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | syn= tend to, to be prone to do

Answer 427

**silence** Nothing disturbed the silence of the night. ............................................................................................ **silence on** The government’s silence on such an important issue seems very strange. .............................................................................................. She held up her hand to silence the children. ............................................................................................. attempts to silence the rumours Barnes has failed to silence his critics. فعل ( verb ) : silence اسم ( noun ) : silence / silencer صفت ( adjective ) : silent قید ( adverb ) : silently

Answer 428

**devastating** **a devastating effect/impact** The recession has had a devastating impact on employment in this area. **devastating consequences/results** a terrible disease with devastating results **a devastating flood/fire/earthquake/disease/ illness etc** فعل ( verb ) : devastate اسم ( noun ) : devastation صفت ( adjective ) : devastating / devastated قید ( adverb ) : devastatingly ............................................................. **devastate** 1-to make someone feel extremely shocked and sad کسی را به شدت شوکه و غمگین کردن * Rob was devastated by the news of her death. 2-to damage something very badly or completely ویران کردن * The city centre was devastated by the bomb. فعل ( verb ) : devastate اسم ( noun ) : devastation صفت ( adjective ) : devastating / devastated قید ( adverb ) : devastatingly

Answer 429

**vital** The work she does is absolutely vital. **vital to** These measures are vital to national security. **vital for** Regular exercise is vital for your health. **it is vital (that)** It is vital that you keep accurate records. **it is vital to do something** It is vital to keep accurate records. **a vital role/part** **a vital part/element/ingredient/component** **a vital source of something** **something is of vital importance** چیزی اهمیت حیاتی دارد Reading is of vital importance in language learning.

Answer 430

**sacrifice** They made sacrifices to ensure a good harvest. ....................................................................................... * **sacrifice something for something** * A Labour government chose to sacrifice defence for welfare. * sacrifice something to do something * He sacrificed a promising career to look after his kids. * sacrifice yourself (for something) * mothers who sacrifice themselves for their children * The minister stressed the need for economic sacrifice. * The workforce were willing to make sacrifices in order to preserve jobs. * She brought three children up single-handedly, often at great personal sacrifice. * without sacrificing privacy

Answer 431

**privacy** With seven people squashed in one house, you don’t get much privacy. ................................................................................................. each individual’s right to privacy **protect/invade/violate somebody's privacy** **ensure privacy** **somebody's right to privacy** Children feel more comfortable when parents respect their right to privacy. **personal privacy** **without sacrificing privacy** فعل ( verb ) : privatize اسم ( noun ) : privatization / privacy صفت ( adjective ) : private قید ( adverb ) : privately

Answer 432

**exaggeration** ✅️ فعل ( verb ) : exaggerate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : exaggeration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exaggerated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exaggeratedly | syn=overstatement, embellishment ant=understatement

Answer 433

**questionnaire** | syn= survey, opinion poll نظرسنجی

Answer 434

**sensitive** a sensitive and intelligent young man Throughout her career she remained very sensitive to criticism. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : sense حس کردن / sensitize حساس کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sense حس/ sensibility عقلانیت/ sensitivity حساسیت / sensitization حساس کردن/ sensor حسگر ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sensible معقول / sensitive حساس/ senseless غیر معقول/ sensory حسی ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sensibly معقولانه/ sensitively با حساسیت/ senselessly غیر معقولانه | syn= delicate, private

Answer 435

**mounting** * There was mounting pressure on him to resign. * The government has come under mounting criticism in the press. * They faced mounting debts. | syn= growing, escalating

Answer 436

**shrink-shrank-shrunk** I’m worried about washing that shirt in case it shrinks .............................................................................................. The city continued to shrink. **shrink to** * The firm’s staff had shrunk to only four people. * Treatment can shrink a tumour. * We want to expand the business, not shrink it. | syn= reduce in size, become smaller

Answer 437

**network** * a high-speed European rail network * an elaborate network of canals * the four biggest TV networks * We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient distribution network. | syn= system, set of connections

Answer 438

**charming** | syn= appealing, charismatic

Answer 439

**vigorous** * Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day. * Environmentalists have begun a vigorous campaign to oppose nuclear dumping in the area. ........................................................................................ a vigorous young man ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vigor ( vigour ) = physical or mental energy and determination ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vigorous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vigorously | syn= strong, energetic

Answer 440

**anxious** anxious about sth anxious for sb ......................................................................................... **anxious to do something** The company is anxious to improve its image. **anxious for somebody to do something** Why was she so anxious for me to stay? **anxious for** We were all anxious for news. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : anxiety ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : anxious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : anxiously | syn= worried, apprehensive ## Footnote نگران بودن از اتفاقی که قراره انجام بدیم یا قراره رخ بدهapprehensive

Answer 441

**retail** the retail trade/business retail outlet/shop/store/chain | syn= store, market / ant= wholesale

Answer 442

**verify** **verify that/whether** * A computer program verifies that the system is working. * American forces will remain to verify compliance with the treaty. * His statement was verified by several witnesses ✅ فعل ( verb ) : verify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : verification ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : verifiable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : verifiably | syn= confirm, check

Answer 443

**merge** * The company plans to merge its subsidiaries in the US. **merge with** * The bank announced that it was to merge with another of the high street banks. **merge something into something** * proposals to merge the three existing health authorities into one **merge together** * The villages have grown and merged together over the years. **merge into** * Because of the economic recession, the two companies decided to merge into one. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : merge ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : merger ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : merged / merging ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 444

**receiver** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : receive گرفتن ، دریافت کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : receipt /receipts /receiver /reception receivership /receiving /receptionist /receptor ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : (un)receptive / received / receiving ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - .................................................................................................. **receive** = to be given something = get All the children will receive a small gift. **receive something from somebody** She received an honorary degree from Harvard. **receive attention/affection/support** She received no support from her parents. **receive payment/money/a pension etc** They will be entitled to receive unemployment benefit. **receive a prize/award/gift etc** He went up to receive his award from the mayor. **receive education/training** استفاده شود در رایتینگgetبه جای

Answer 445

**trial** The trial is due to start next week. **on trial (for something)** Brady was on trial for assault. ................................................................................................. * a new drug that is undergoing **clinical trials** آزمایشات بالینی * New drugs must go through extensive trials before they can be used to treat people. * run trials * underwent trials

Answer 446

**sophisticated** a sophisticated, witty American ............................................................................... sophisticated software/ technology/ versions a highly sophisticated weapons system sophisticated approach to tackling the problem.

Answer 447

**drown انسانی sink-sank-sunk کشتی و اشیا و غیره** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : drown ✅️ اسم ( noun ) :drowning ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : drowning / drowned ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 448

**steal / stole / stolen** Boys broke into a shop and stole £45 in cash. **steal from** He stole money from his parents. **steal something from somebody/something** He’d stolen the flowers from our garden. .......................................................................................... Inventors know that someone is always going to try to steal their designs/ideas. -------------------------------------------- **steal** to illegally take something that belongs to someone else * The thieves stole over £10,000 worth of computer equipment.. **take** to steal something – used when it is clear from the situation that you mean that someone takes something dishonestly * The boys broke into her house and took all her money. **burgle (British), burglarize (American)** to go into someone’s home and steal things, especially when the owners are not there * Their house was burgled while they were away. **rob** to steal money or other things from a bank, shop, or person * The gang were convicted of robbing a bank in Essex. **shoplifting** stealing things from a shop by taking them when you think no one is looking * Shoplifting costs stores millions of pounds every year. **kidnap** to take someone somewhere illegally by force, often in order to get money for returning them ## Footnote steel = فولاد

Answer 449

**salvation** **be somebody’s/something’s salvation** A drug treatment program was Ron’s salvation. **salvation of** The Internet turned out to be the salvation of the company.

Answer 450

**error** **error in** There must be an error in our calculations. **commit an error formal (=make an error, especially a serious one)** **find/spot/notice an error** **correct an error (also rectify an error formal)** **compound an error (=make it worse)** **an error arises/occurs formal (=happens)** **human/computer error**

Answer 451

**halt** The government has failed to halt economic decline ................................................................................................ **grind/come to a halt** **bring something to a halt (=make something or someone stop moving)** **order a halt to something (=officially say that something must stop)** **demand a halt to something (=firmly ask for something to stop) put a halt to something (=stop something suddenly)** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : halt ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : halt ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : halting / halted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : haltingly

Answer 452

**protest** ......... protest **protest against** Students held a protest march against the war. ............................................................................................. **protest against/at/about** Thousands of people blocked the street, protesting against the new legislation. **protest something** Students protested the decision. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : protest ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : protest / protester ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : protesting ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 453

**crumble** * The old stonework was crumbling away. * The fall leaves crumbled in my fingers. ...................................................................................... * The Empire began to crumble during the 13th century. * our crumbling economy * My determination to finish the marathon crumbled when I saw the "15 miles to go" sign. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : crumble ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : - ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : crumbling / crumbled ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 454

**colonize** * Plans for humans to colonize Mars have been put on hold for the time being. * Dead trees are frequently colonized by ants. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : colonize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : colony / colonization / colonizer / colonialist / colonialism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : colonial ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : colonially

Answer 455

**filter** * Some villages in sub-Saharan Africa use sand to filter their water. * There is a huge choice of software available that can be used to filter e-mails to avoid spam. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : filter ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : filter / filteration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : filtered ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 456

**forever** * Some of the documents from the ancient library in Alexandria have been lost forever. * Environmentalists are worried that continued destruction of forests may result in the loss of some species forever.

Answer 457

**publicize** television’s failure to publicize the unemployment issue ✅ فعل ( verb ) : publicize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : public / publication انتشارات / publicist روزنامه نگار / publicity تبلیغات و عمومیت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : public ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : publicly

Answer 458

**electronic** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : electronics ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : electronic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : electronically

Answer 459

**thorny** **a thorny question/problem/issue etc** * the thorny issue of immigration policy * مسئله حساس سیاست مهاجرت .............................................. thorn=> خار و تیغ

Answer 460

**stumble** **stumble over/at/through** =>I hope I don’t stumble over any of the long words. * I was so nervous during the first performance that I kept stumbling over my words. * She recited the whole poem without stumbling once. ............................................................................................... **stumble on/across/upon something** to find or discover something by chance and unexpectedly = come across= encounter * Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson’s disease

Answer 461

**ruin** * This illness has ruined my life. * His career would be ruined. * All this mud’s going to ruin my shoes. * ruined my appetite. * ruined her day. * ruined the economy. .......................................................................................... **destroy** to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used or repaired **devastate** to damage a large area very badly and destroy many things in it **demolish** to completely destroy a building, either deliberately or by accident **flatten** to destroy a building or town by knocking it down, bombing it etc, so that nothing is left standing **wreck** to deliberately damage something very badly, especially a room or building **obliterate formal** to destroy a place so completely that nothing remains **ruin** to spoil something completely, so that it cannot be used or enjoyed

Answer 462

**Environmentally Friendly** not harmful to the environment * Cycling is very environmentally friendly. * environmentally friendly products **eco-friendly** not harmful to the environment – used especially about products * eco-friendly products **green** not harmful to the environment – used especially in the following phrases ( relating to the protection of the environment) * green products * green technology * green energy * It was voted the greenest building in Britain. * green politics/issues * a green campaigner/activist * Green Party **clean** clean fuels or forms of energy do not release any harmful substances into the atmosphere * We need cleaner fuels for cars and other road vehicles. * clean energy sources such as solar panels and wind turbines **renewable** renewable energy comes from sources that can be easily replaced naturally, so that there is always more available * The building is heated using renewable energy from the sun. * The government needs to invest more in renewable energy sources. * Wind power is renewable and produces no greenhouse gases during operation. **sustainable** using the Earth’s resources, without causing damage to the environment – used especially about farming, ways of living, and development * The flowers are produced to high environmental standards using sustainable farming methods. * Many people want to lead more sustainable lifestyles and to conserve the planet’s resources. * sustainable use of the world’s resources **carbon-neutral** balancing the amount of carbon gases that you put into the Earth’s atmosphere with other activities that will effectively reduce the amount of carbon gases, for example by planting trees * a carbon-neutral company * Stirling is aiming to become the UK’s first carbon neutral city. * All new homes will be carbon-neutral.

Answer 463

**revolt** The prime minister is now facing a revolt by members of his own party. **revolt against** a revolt against authority **revolt over** a revolt over the proposed spending cuts **in revolt** French farmers are in revolt over cheap imports. **revolt of** the successful revolt of the American colonies ............................................................................................... It was feared that the army would revolt against the government. فعل ( verb ) : revolt اسم ( noun ) : revolt / revolution / revolutionary صفت ( adjective ) : revolutionary قید ( adverb ) : - ........................................................................................ A revolt is a spontaneous uprising of people against their government or ruler, while a revolution is a planned and organized movement aimed at overthrowing the existing government or social system.

Answer 464

**communist**

Answer 465

**enemy** **enemy**someone who does not like you because you have had a big disagreement with them in the past or someone who opposes you in business or politics * If that’s how he treats his friends, I’d hate to be his enemy. **adversary (formal)** an enemy * When he retired, he was replaced by his old adversary. **foe (literary)** an enemy * his former foes **opponent** someone you are competing against, for example in a sports game, competition, or election * He is admired even by his political opponents. **nemesis** written an enemy or opponent that is impossible to defeat – a rather formal use * In the final, he met his old nemesis, Rafael Nadal.

Answer 466

**admired** ✅️ فعل ( verb ) : admire ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : admiration / admirer ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : admirable / admiring / admired ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : admirably / admiringly

Answer 467

**adventure**

Answer 468

**splendid** * a splendid idea * a splendid opportunity * The staff are doing a splendid job. **(adv) splendidly**

Answer 469

**courage** Sue showed great courage throughout her illness. **courage to do something** Gradually I lost the courage to speak out about anything. **summon/have the courage (to do something)** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : encourage تشويق و ترغیب كردن یا جرعت دادن / discourage دلسرد کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : courage / encouragement / discouragement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : courageous شجاع / encouraging / discouraging ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : courageously / encouragingly / discouragingly | ant= cowardice, cowardliness

Answer 470

**profile** a job profile **profile of** a short profile of the actor

Answer 471

**continent**

Answer 472

**soldier**

Answer 473

**fame** He claims he is not really interested in fame. **of ... fame (=used to show what someone is famous for)** Muhammad Ali, of boxing fame ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fame ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : (in)famous / famed ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : (in)famously

Answer 474

**privilege** the privilege of a good education ................................................................................... Family endowments were nearly all male-centric, privileging men and their descendants over female lines of descent.

Answer 475

**pioneer** * John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation. * He was a pioneer in the field of biotechnology. .............................................................................................. * The new cancer treatment was pioneered in the early eighties by Dr Sylvia Bannerjee. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : pioneer ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : pioneer ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : pioneering ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 476

**rank** | syn= order, grade, categorize

Answer 477

**reformation** * He's undergone something of a reformation - he's a changed man. * They are committed to the radical reformation of their society. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : form / reform / transform ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : form / formation / transformation / reformer / reform / reformation / reformist / transformer / formlessness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : reformed / reformist / formless ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : formlessly ................................................................................................... **reform** (n) a change or changes made to a system or organization in order to improve it * **implement/make/carry out reforms** * **reform of** * a reform of the legal system * economic/political/educational reform * far-reaching/sweeping/radical reforms (v) to make an improvement, especially by changing a person's behaviour or the structure, system or organization of something * plans to radically reform the tax system ..................................................................................................... **reform is frequently used to refer to a specific change itself, whereas reformation is more often used to denote the set of changes made** | syn= improvement, reorganization, development

Answer 478

**accelerate** measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth **(n) acceleration** | syn= speed up, quicken, hurry ant= decelerate

Answer 479

**evident** Bob ate his lunch with evident enjoyment **evident that** It was evident that she was unhappy. **evident to** It was evident to me that he was not telling the truth. **evident in** The growing popularity of the subject is evident in the numbers of students wanting to study it. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : evidence ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evidence ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evident ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : evidently | syn= obvious, plain, apparent, clear

Answer 480

**terrifying** terrifying experience | syn= scary, causing panic, frightening, horrifying

Answer 481

**horrendous** * a horrendous experience * She suffered horrendous injuries. **(adv) horrendously** | syn= awful, terrible, horrible, horrific, bad

Answer 482

**superb** * The food was superb. * superb weather **(adv) superbly** | syn= terrific, wonderful, excellent

Answer 483

**era** * We live in an era of instant communication. * a new era of world peace * His death marked the end of an era. * the Victorian era | syn= age, period, time

Answer 484

**native** * They never saw their native land again. * He spent most of his professional life outside his native Poland. .................................................................................................. **native New Yorker/population/inhabitants etc native language/tongue** .................................................................................................. Singapore has many native species of palm. **native to** These fish are native to North America. ............................................................................................. a native of Switzerland | syn= resident, original, local, indigenous

Answer 485

**restore** * **restore something to something** * The government promises to restore the economy to full strength. * She was hoping that the Mediterranean climate would restore her to full health. * The National Guard was called in to restore order (=make people stop fighting and breaking the law) when riots broke out. * initiatives to restore peace in the Middle East * restore (diplomatic) relations with somebody * Vietnam restored diplomatic relations with South Korea on December 22. * **restore somebody’s sight/hearing (=make someone who cannot hear or who is blind, hear or see again)** ............................................................................................ The treaty restored Okinawa to Japan. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : restore ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : restoration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : restored ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | syn= return, renew, bring back

Answer 486

**fantastic**

Answer 487

**harsh** * The hostages are being held in **harsh conditions.** * harsh winter/weather/climate * harsh realities ................................................................................................. harsh criticism/treatment/punishment etc the harsh measures taken against the protesters a harsh authoritarian regime فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : harshness صفت ( adjective ) : harsh قید ( adverb ) : harshly | syn= strict یا stark

Answer 488

**sketch** a brief sketch of the main weaknesses of the British economy ................................................................................................ **sketch of** Cantor drew a rough sketch of his apartment on a napkin. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : sketch ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sketch ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sketchy ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 489

**stark** * In the cold dawn light, the castle looked stark and forbidding. * the stark beauty of New Mexico ................................................................................................ * The movie shows the stark realities of life in the ghetto. * We are faced with a stark choice. * a stark reminder of life under Communist rule **stark contrast** کنتراست شدید ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : starkness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : stark / starkers ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : starkly / stark

Answer 490

**bulging** The gun made a bulge under his jacket. bulging muscles .................................................................................................. a bulge in the birthrate

Answer 491

**costume** The dancers were in national costume.

Answer 492

**capture** Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader. .................................................................................................. The town was captured after a siege lasting ten days. .................................................................................................. The tiger was finally captured two miles outside the village. .................................................................................................. These photographs capture the essence of working-class life at the turn of the century. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : captivate اسیر کردن یا محصور کردن و شیفته خود کردن/ capture ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : captivation اسیر شدن / captive اسیر / captivity اسارت/ captor / capture / capturer ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : captivating محصور کننده و شیفته خود کننده/ captive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : captivatingly

Answer 493

**mortal** Her father’s death reminded her that she was mortal. .................................................................................................... * mortal blow/danger/wound etc * The computer has dealt a mortal blow to traditional printing methods. * Our health service is in mortal danger. فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : mortal / mortality مرگ و میر صفت ( adjective ) : mortal قید ( adverb ) : mortally

Answer 494

**be endowed with something** * She was endowed with good looks. * heros are endowed with superhuman abilities

Answer 495

**perpetual** the perpetual noise of the machines a little girl with a perpetual smile .................................................................................................... my mother’s perpetual nagging ✅ فعل ( verb ) : perpetuate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : perpetuation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : perpetual ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : perpetually .................................................................................................. **perpetuate** تداوم بخشیدن to make a situation, attitude etc, especially a bad one, continue to exist for a long time * an education system that perpetuates the divisions in our society | syn= continuous, unending, permanent, continual

Answer 496

**deteriorate** * Ethel’s health has deteriorated. * America’s deteriorating economy ✅ فعل ( verb ) : deteriorate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deterioration | syn= become worse, weaken

Answer 497

**adored** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : adore ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : adoration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : adorable / adoring ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : adorably / adoringly | syn= loved, admired

Answer 498

**unlike** * Tammy was unlike any other woman I have ever known. * Unlike most people in the office, I don’t come to work by car. * unlike many musical instruments, Scottish bagpipes are meant to be played outdoors.

Answer 499

**wardrobe** Can you hang these in the wardrobe, please? ........................................................................................ You can win a complete new wardrobe.

Answer 500

**innocent** He’s innocent of murder. ............................................................................................... Many innocent civilians are among the casualties. **innocent civilians/victims/bystanders/people etc** فعل ( verb ) : اسم ( noun ) : innocence / innocent صفت ( adjective ) : innocent قید ( adverb ) : innocently | syn= not involved, harmless

Answer 501

**evil** an evil dictator responsible for the deaths of millions his evil deeds ................................................................................................. They condemned slavery as evil. ................................................................................................... an evil smell .................................................................................................. evil spirits ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evil ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evil ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : evilly | syn= something very bad, vice

Answer 502

**boom** Business was booming, and money wasn’t a problem. Tourism on the island has boomed. booming market .............................................................................................. The boom has created job opportunities. **boom in** a sudden boom in the housing market **consumer/investment/property/ housing /economic/ spending/ building/construction etc boom** the post-war property boom **boom years/times** In boom times, airlines do well. **cause/lead to a boom** **trigger/spark a boom (=start it)** ................................................................................................... the disco boom of the 1970s **boom in** the boom in youth soccer in the U.S. | syn= increase, be very successful

Answer 503

**serialized** His book was serialized in The New Yorker. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : serialize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : serial / serialization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : serial / serialized ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : serially | syn= made in a series, produced in several parts

Answer 504

**solely** * Scholarships are given solely on the basis of financial need. * I shall hold you solely responsible for anything that goes wrong. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : - ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sole ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : solely | syn= only, involving nothing else

Answer 505

**naive** Jim can be so naive sometimes. **it is naive to think/suppose/assume etc** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : naivety ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : naive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : naively | syn= inexperienced, overly trusting

Answer 506

**disturbing** a disturbing increase in the crime rate فعل( verb ) : disturb اسم ( noun ) : disturbance صفت ( adjective ) : disturbing قید ( adverb ) : disturbingly

Answer 507

**peculiar** * There was a peculiar smell in the kitchen. * Something peculiar is going on. * It seems very peculiar that no one noticed Kay had gone.

Answer 508

**visibility** Visibility on the roads is down to 20 metres due to heavy fog. .................................................................................................. The exhibition helped increase the visibility of women artists. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : visualize / envision ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : visibility / vision / visionary / visualization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : visible / visionary / visual ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : visibly / visually

Answer 509

**substitute** **substitute something for something** The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream. .............................................................................................. a sugar substitute a father substitute ✅ فعل ( verb ) : substitute ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : substitute / substitution ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 510

**elevated** * The train runs on an elevated track. * elevated blood sugar levels * She holds a more elevated position in the company.

Answer 511

**genuine** genuine effort/concern/desire ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : genuineness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : genuine ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : genuinely ..................................................................................................... **genuine** used about a feeling, thing, or person that really is what they seem to be **real** not false or artificial **authentic** authentic food, music, clothes etc are correct for the place or the period in history that they are supposed to be from **true** having all the qualities you would expect a particular type of person or thing to have

Answer 512

**talent** = aptitude

Answer 513

**perk** theatre tickets and other perks **perk of** the perks of working at a large law firm

Answer 514

**Ironically** Ironically, his cold got better on the last day of his holiday. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : irony ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ironic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ironically

Answer 515

**fade (away)** * Our hopes for a win this season faded when the opposing team scored its fourth goal. * Hopes of a peace settlement are beginning to fade. * Over the years her beauty had faded a little. memories/light/hope be fading

Answer 516

**cable** cables and switches for computers ..................................................................................................... I’ll wait for the movie to come out on cable.

Answer 517

**amateur** * Mickelson won his first major golf tournament while still an amateur. * an amateur golfer | ant= professional

Answer 518

**plead** ‘Don’t go!’ Robert pleaded. **plead for** Civil rights groups pleaded for government help. **plead with somebody (to do something)** Moira pleaded with him to stay. ...................................................................................................... **plead guilty/not guilty/innocent** Henderson pled guilty to burglary. plead their case in court

Answer 519

**baffle** * The question baffled me completely. * We were all utterly baffled. * a baffling mystery ✅ فعل ( verb ) : baffle ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : bafflement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : baffling / baffled ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bafflingly

Answer 520

**brand** * brand loyalty * brand names * brand identity

Answer 521

**anonymity** Every step will be taken to preserve your anonymity. فعل ( verb ) : anonymize اسم ( noun ) : anonymity / anonymization صفت ( adjective ) : anonymous قید ( adverb ) : anonymously

Answer 522

**attribute** What attributes should a good manager possess? ...................................................................................................... * The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally attributed to improvements in diet. * Her success can be attributed to three main factors. ................................................................................................. * This idea has long been attributed to Keynes, but in fact he was not the first to think of it. .................................................................................................. * One should not attribute human motives to animals. فعل ( verb ) : attribute اسم ( noun ) : attribution / attribute صفت ( adjective ) : attributed قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 523

**interchangeable** * These two words are almost interchangeable. * a camera with interchangeable lenses ✅ فعل ( verb ) : interchange=to exchange something, especially ideas or information معاوضه کردن ایده فکر اطلاعات ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : interchange = an exchange, especially of ideas or thoughts معاوضه ایده فکر اطلاعات / interchangeability قابلیت تعویض ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : interchangeable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : interchangeably

Answer 524

**gossip (about)** Here’s an interesting piece of gossip about Mrs Smith. idle gossip شایعات بیهوده .................................................................................................... The whole town was gossiping about them.

Answer 525

**premium** insurance premiums .................................................................................................... * Consumers are prepared to pay a premium for organically grown vegetables. * Top quality cigars are being sold at a premium * If you want a hotel room with an ocean view, there is a premium of $100 per night compared to a room with a city view. * Movie theaters are charging a $3 premium for tickets to 3-D movies compared to ticket prices for normal 2-D movies. ............................................................................................... * premium ice cream * premium quality

Answer 526

**liable** **liable to do something** The car is liable to overheat on long trips. ................................................................................................... **liable for** => people who are liable for income tax at a higher rate .................................................................................................. **liable to** => You’re more liable to injury when you don’t get regular exercise. .................................................................................................. **liable to/for** => Anyone found trespassing is liable to a maximum fine of $100. ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : liability ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : liable

Answer 527

**expenditure (on)** * expenditure on research and development * huge cuts in public expenditure ................................................................................................... **expenditure** the total amount of money that a government or person spends **expense** the amount of money that you spend on something **spending** the amount of money spent, especially by a government or organization **cost** the amount of money you need to buy or do something. **outgoings** the money that you have to spend regularly, for example on rent or food **charge** the amount that you have to pay for a service or to use something **fee** the amount you have to pay to enter a place or join a group, or for the services of a professional person such as a lawyer or a doctor **fare** the amount you have to pay to travel somewhere by bus, plane, train etc

Answer 528

**sew, sewed, sewn or sewed** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : sew ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sewing ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sewn ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 529

**textile** Their main exports are textiles, especially silk and cotton. textile industry/design/manufacture etc textile design and technology a textile mill

Answer 530

**recycle** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : recycle ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : recycling ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : recyclable / recycled / recycling ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : recyclingly

Answer 531

**fiber or fibre** Fruit and vegetables are high in fibre content. food that is high in dietary fibre ................................................................................................ natural/synthetic مصنوعی/man-made etc fibre Nylon is a man-made fibre. fiber optics فیبر نوری

Answer 532

**fabric** our new range of fabrics and wallpapers cotton/silk/syntheticمصنوعی etc fabric ................................................................................................ * Drug abuse poses a major threat to the fabric of our society. * The country’s social fabric is disintegrating.

Answer 533

**conscience** ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conscience / conscientiousness با وجدان و وظیفه شناسی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conscientious با وجدان و وظیفه شناس ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conscientiously

Answer 534

**turnover** The illicit drugs industry has an annual turnover of some £200 billion. turnover rose/fell => Turnover rose 9%. ................................................................................................... However, even charities cannot keep up with the turnover of clothing and end up selling the excess for recycling or export ...................................................................................................... Tri-Star’s fast turnover of stock

Answer 535

**lease (on)** They took out a lease on a seven-acre field. The landlord refused to renew his lease. The 99-year lease expired in 1999. Do you understand all the terms of the lease? I’m interested in leasing your cottage. **lease something from somebody** They lease the site from the council. ............................................................................................... **a new lease of life** زندگی جدیدی Historic buildings can have a new lease of life through conversion. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : lease ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : lease ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : leased ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ................................................................................................. **TO PAY MONEY TO USE SOMETHING** 1. **rent** to pay money to use a house, room, vehicle, piece of equipment, area of land etc * He rented a room in a house on the Old Kent Road. * They flew out to New York and rented a car at the airport. 2. **hire** British English to pay money to use a car or a piece of clothing or equipment for a short period of time * Why don't we hire a van for the day? * You can hire suits for weddings. 3. **lease** to have a legal agreement under which you pay money to a person or company in order to use a building, area of land, vehicle, piece of equipment etc for a fixed period of time * They leased the offices from an American company. * The car is leased from BMW. ............................................................................................. **TO ALLOW SOMEBODY TO USE SOMETHING FOR MONEY** 1. **rent/rent something out** to allow someone to use a house, room, vehicle, piece of equipment, area of land etc in return for money * She rents the flat out to students. 2. **let/let something out** to allow someone to use a room, house, building etc in return for money * Some people don't want to let rooms to foreigners. * They let the house out while they were on holiday. 3. **lease/lease something out** to make a legal agreement which allows a person or company to use something that you own for a fixed period of time * Santa Clara ' s Redevelopment Agency leased the existing city golf course to developers.

Answer 536

**sustainable** * The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture. * he sustainable use of rainforest resources * Cycling is a totally sustainable form of transport. * environmentally sustainable development ............................................................................................ The party is promising low inflation and sustainable economic growth. فعل ( verb ) : sustain اسم ( noun ) : sustenance / sustainability صفت ( adjective ) : sustainable قید ( adverb ) : sustainably ................................................................................................ **sustain** 1- to make something continue to exist or happen for a period of time = maintain حفظ کردن * She found it difficult to sustain the children’s interest. * He was incapable of sustaining close relationships with women. * the policies necessary to sustain economic growth 2- to suffer damage, an injury, or loss of money متحمل شدن آسیب یا از دست دادن پول * Two of the firefighters sustained serious injuries. * Some nearby buildings sustained minor damage. * The company has sustained heavy financial losses this year. 3- make a person, animal, or plant able to continue living They gave me barely enough food to sustain me ........................................................................................... **sustenance** 1- food that people or animals need in order to live امرارمعاش ، غذایی که مردم یا حیوانات برای زندگی به آن نیاز دارند Without sustenance, the animals will soon die. Potatoes were their only means of sustenance. 2- when something is made to continue حفظ Elections are necessary for the sustenance of democracy.

Answer 537

**grave** **grave danger/concern/doubts/ problems/ situations/worries/consequences/mistake/risk/ threat** The situation is becoming very grave.

Answer 538

**novel** novel idea/approach/method/way/ suggestion etc | syn= fresh, new, original

Answer 539

**extraordinary** extraordinaire => used, often humorously, to describe someone who is very good at doing something | syn= amazing, astonishing, unexpected

Answer 540

**discard** * Discard any old cleaning materials. * discarded paper ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discarded | syn= cast off, get rid of, throw away

Answer 541

**mend** My father used to mend our shoes. Tim can mend any broken toy. | syn= fix, patch up, repair

Answer 542

**stained** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : stain ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : stain ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : stained ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | syn= blemished, marked, tainted

Answer 543

**surrounding** * He switched on the light and examined his surroundings. * I need to work in pleasant surroundings. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : surround ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : surroundings / surround ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : surrounding ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | syn= encircling, enfolding, enveloping ## Footnote surround= to be all around someone or something on every side encircle= to surround someone or something completely enfold= to cover or surround someone or something completely envelop= to cover or wrap something or someone up completely enclose = to surround something, especially with a fence or wall, in order to make it separate encompass = to completely cover or surround something

Answer 544

**ease** **ease the pain/stress/tension** He’ll give you something to ease the pain. **ease the pressure/burden/problem** This should ease the burden on busy teachers. measures to ease congestion in the city ........................................................................................... The agreement will **ease the way for** other countries to join the EU | syn= alleviate, lessen, relieve ## Footnote alleviate= to make something less painful or difficult to deal with alleviate the problem/situation/suffering etc * a new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu * measures to alleviate poverty ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : alleviation

Answer 545

**federation** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : federate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : federation / federalist / federalism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : federal / federated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : federally

Answer 546

**garment** * She pulled the garment on and zipped it up. **garment industry/factory/district etc** * She works in the garment district of Manhattan. **outer/upper garment** * The outer garment was a loose-fitting robe.

Answer 547

**predator** apex predator = a predator that is at the top of a food chain | ant= prey

Answer 548

**campaign** an advertising campaign **campaign for/against** a campaign for equal rights Jones ran a good campaign. Police have launched a campaign to crack down on drug dealers. launch/mount a campaign (=begin a campaign) run/wage/conduct a campaign (=carry out a campaign) ✅ فعل ( verb ) : campaign ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : campaign / campaigner ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : campaign ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 549

**pose** **pose a threat/danger/risk/problem/difficulties/ challenge/dilemma** Officials claim the chemical poses no real threat. **pose something to/for somebody/something** * The events pose a challenge to the church’s leadership. * Rising unemployment is posing serious problems for the administration. ................................................................................................. We posed for photographs.

Answer 550

**diver** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dive ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dive / diver ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : diving ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 551

**menace** menace of =>It’s the only way to deal with the menace of drug dealing. menace to => That man’s a menace to society. He should be locked away. the growing menace of oil pollution at sea **a menace to society** ................................................................................................ The elephants are still menaced by poachers. ................................................................................................. There was menace in his voice. **air/sense of menace** * He had a slight air of menace which made me uneasy. * He spoke with a hint of menace.

Answer 552

**poach** Poach the salmon in white wine and water. ........................................................................................... Deer have been poached here for years. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : poach ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : poaching / poacher ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : poached ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 553

**species**

Answer 554

**intimidate** **intimidate somebody into doing something** * They tried to intimidate the young people into voting for them. * Attempts to intimidate her failed. .................................................................................... The whole idea of going to Oxford intimidated me. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : intimidate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : intimidation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : intimidated / intimidating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | syn= frighten, scare

Answer 555

**fragile** | syn= delicate, easily broken, frail

Answer 556

**nuisance** a real/awful/terrible etc nuisance The dogs next door are a real nuisance. **public nuisance** = an act that is illegal because it interferes with the rights of the public generally. | syn= annoyance, bother

Answer 557

**zone** * a danger zone * a war/battle/combat zone * an earthquake zone (=where earthquakes are quite likely to happen) * a disaster zone * an economic zone (=an area with special trade or tax conditions) * an enterprise zone (=where businesses are encouraged) * a no-parking zone * a pedestrian zone (=where no vehicles are allowed) * a demilitarized zone (=where soldiers and military activities are not allowed) * a no-fly zone (=an area that aircraft are not allowed to fly in) * a nuclear-free/smoke-free etc zone (=where nuclear weapons, smoking etc is not allowed) * set up/establish/create a zone * enter a zone | syn= area, region

Answer 558

**vicious** a vicious murder/killer Keep away from that dog, he can be vicious. ............................................................................................... Sarah can be quite vicious at times. She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice. ............................................................................................... a vicious gust of wind a vicious headache ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : viciousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vicious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : viciously | syn= mean, fierce

Answer 559

**aggressive** * Jim’s voice became aggressive. * Teachers apparently expect a certain amount of aggressive behaviour from boys. فعل ( verb ) : aggress اسم ( noun ) : aggression / aggressiveness صفت ( adjective ) : aggressive قید ( adverb ) : aggressively | syn= forceful, violent

Answer 560

**seldom** | syn= hardly ever, rarely

Answer 561

**affection** Bart had a deep affection for the old man. She looked back on those days with affection. Their father never showed them much affection. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : affection ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : affectionate ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : affectionately | syn= fondness, love

Answer 562

**catastrophic** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : catastrophe فاجعه = a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction, suffering, or death = disaster ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : catastrophic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : catastrophically | syn= disastrous, terrible

Answer 563

**grind (up), ground (up), ground (up)** freshly ground pepper ground beef .................................................................................................. **grind to a halt** به تدریج متوقف شدن Traffic ground to a halt as it approached the accident site. After two days the talks had ground to a halt.

Answer 564

**sheer** the sheer weight/size/amount/volume/number etc of sheer luxury/madness of

Answer 565

**overseas** * Chris is going to work overseas. * Most applications came from overseas. * Many species of birds migrate overseas to find food during the winter. ..................................................................................... * overseas students/aid/travel * overseas investment

Answer 566

**curb** * measures to curb the spread of the virus * In an effort to save the firm money, the executives were required to curb their expenses, especially when traveling. * curbed their excesses * curb tax evasion * curb the growth * curb its activities. ................................................................................................. curb on => We are trying to keep a curb on their activities.

Answer 567

**tide** ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tide ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tidal ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 568

**token** The government thinks it can get away with token gestures on environmental issues. The troops in front of us either surrendered or offered only token (= not much) resistance.

Answer 569

**currency** foreign/local/strong currency

Answer 570

**substance** * The leaves were covered with a strange sticky substance. * dangerous/toxic/hazardous/poisonous etc substance * harmful substances in the atmosphere

Answer 571

**scope** **scope of** the need to define the scope of the investigation measures to limit the scope of criminals’ activities scope of possibilities **beyond/outside/within the scope of something** A full discussion of that issue is beyond the scope of this book. **widen/broaden/extend etc the scope of something** Let us extend the scope of the study to examine more factors. **narrow/limit etc the scope of something** The court’s ruling narrowed the scope of the affirmative action program. **limited/wider etc in scope** His efforts were too limited in scope to have much effect. The police are **broadening the scope** of their investigation. Britney severely **limited the scope of** the biography being written about her. Teaching ESL to immigrants **falls within the scope of** adult literacy.

Answer 572

**dent** dent in => There was a large dent in the passenger door. ........................................................................................... No one was injured, but the car was scratched and dented. ............................................................................................ **dent in** The trip made a big dent in our savings. Eight years of effort have hardly put a dent in drug trafficking. ...............................................................................................

Answer 573

**delete** His name was deleted from the list. I deleted the file by mistake. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : delete ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deletion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deleted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ......................................................................................... **remove** to take something away from, out of, or off the place where it is, or to get rid of something so that it does not exist any longer **get rid of somebody/something** to remove someone or something that you do not want. **eliminate** to completely get rid of something that you do not want, especially because it is unnecessary or causing problems **eradicate** to completely get rid of a disease or a problem **erase** to remove recorded sounds or pictures from a tape, or writing from paper **cut** to remove a part from a film, book, speech etc

Answer 574

**invention** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : invent ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : invention / inventor / inventiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inventive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : inventively

Answer 575

**warehouse** **warehousing** = the business or practice of storing large quantities of goods, especially in warehouses انبارداری

Answer 576

**disposal** * safe/illegal disposal. * **waste disposal** (=getting rid of unwanted materials or substances) * **refuse disposal** formal (also rubbish disposal British English, **garbage disposal** American English) (=getting rid of things people throw out of houses, shops etc) * **sewage disposal** (=getting rid of waste water and waste products from toilets etc) ........................................................................................... * a disposal site (=place to put waste and rubbish) * a disposal facilities * a disposal problem ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dispose of ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : disposal ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : disposable / disposed ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 577

**dreadful** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dread ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dread ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dreadful / dreaded ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : dreadfully .............................................................................................. **dread** (v) to feel anxious or worried about something that is going to happen or may happen (n) a strong fear of something that is going to happen or may happen

Answer 578

**shore** **shore** the area of sand, mud, or low land along the edge of the sea, a lake etc **coast** the land next to the sea **beach** an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the sea ## Footnote offshore => in or under the sea and not far from the coast

Answer 579

**mount** The National Gallery mounted an exhibition of Danish painting. **mount a campaign/challenge/search/protest rescue/production etc** Friends of the Earth are mounting a campaign to monitor the illegal logging of trees. **mount an assault/attack** Guerrillas have mounted an attack on the capital. .............................................................................................. * Tension here is mounting, as we await the final result. * Casualties on both sides of the battle have continued to mount. * mounting numbers/ evidence/ criticism / pressure

Answer 580

**hazardous** hazardous ........ hazardous to ........ ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : hazard ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : hazardous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : hazardously

Answer 581

**weave, wove, woven** hand-woven scarves Only a few of the women still weave. ....................................................................................... She weaves a complicated plot of romance and intrigue. **weave something together** به هم تنیده شدن the complex patterns which evolve when individuals’ lives are woven together ✅ فعل ( verb ) : weave ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : weaver ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : woven ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 582

**bypass** Francis bypassed his manager and wrote straight to the director. | = circumvent

Answer 583

**penalty** Withdrawing the money early will result in a 10% penalty. **penalty for** The penalty for a first offense is a fine. **severe/stiff/heavy/tough/harsh penalty** Drug dealers face severe penalties. If he is convicted, he could receive the death penalty (=be killed as a punishment). **a financial penalty** **impose a penalty** **face a penalty** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : penalize = to punish someone or treat them unfairly جریمه و مجازات کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : penalty ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : penalty ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 584

**accountability** * There were furious demands for greater police accountability. * Accountability is important these days, and managers aren't always willing to adopt risky strategies. * held accountablity * social accountability .............................................................................................. **accountable** مسئولیت پذیر و پاسخگو responsible for the effects of your actions and willing to explain or be criticized for them * **accountable to** * The government should be accountable to all the people of the country. * **accountable for** * Managers must be accountable for their decisions. * The hospital should be **held accountable for** the quality of care it gives. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : account (for) ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : accountability ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : accountabe ✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 585

**vague** The governor gave only a vague outline of his tax plan. **vague about** Julia was vague about where she had been and what she had been doing. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vagueness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vague ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : | = obscure

Answer 586

**restraint** The police were praised for their restraint in handling the demonstrators. **show/exercise restraint** He urged the millions of protesters to exercise restraint. ..................................................................................................................... **restraint on** Opposition politicians have called for restraints on public spending. The government has imposed restraints on corporate mergers. .............................................................................................................. Sometimes police officers have to use physical restraint to control dangerous prisoners. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : restrain ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : restraint ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : restrained خویشتندار ≠ unrestrained ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ..................................................................................................................... **restrain** 1. to stop someone from doing something, often by using physical force جلوی کسی از انجام کاری را گرفتن * **restrain somebody from doing something** * I had to restrain her from running out into the street. * He had to be restrained from using violence. 2. to control your own emotions or behaviour کنترل احساسات یا رفتار را گرفتن * Renwick restrained a feeling of annoyance. * **restrain yourself (from doing something)** * She could barely restrain herself from hitting him. 3. to control or limit something that is increasing too muchکنترل یا محدود کردن چیزی که بیش از حد در حال افزایش است * Price rises should restrain consumer spending.

Answer 587

**endeavour - endeavor** he is endeavouring to help the Third World

Answer 588

**degenerate** Relations between the two countries have degenerated. degenerate into => The conference degenerated into a complete fiasco. The debate degenerated into an argument between the two sides. (n) degeneration

Answer 589

**astonish** * I was astonished by how much she'd grown. * What astonished me was that he didn't seem to mind. فعل ( verb ) : astonish اسم ( noun ) : astonishment صفت ( adjective ) : astonishing / astonished قید ( adverb ) : astonishingly | syn=amaze, surprise, stun, shock

Answer 590

**set/put something in motion** The Church voted to set in motion the process allowing women to be priests. Once the house had been sold, Jane set the wheels in motion (=started the process) to find somewhere smaller to live.

Answer 591

**alleviate** alleviate the problem/situation/suffering etc a new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu measures to alleviate poverty —alleviation /əˌliːviˈeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 592

**glimpse** glimpse of => They caught a glimpse of a dark green car. brief/fleeting/quick glimpse (=a very short look) We only had a fleeting glimpse of the river.

Answer 593

**endure** It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain. **endure doing something** He can’t endure being apart from me. **In everyday English, people usually say stand rather than endure: I couldn’t stand the pain.** ........................................................................................................ friendships which endure over many years ✅ فعل ( verb ) : endure ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : endurance ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enduring / endurable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : enduringly

Answer 594

**duplicate** New copies of the form can be duplicated from a master copy. The video was duplicated illegally. .................................................................................... We don’t want staff to duplicate each other’s work. (n) duplication

Answer 595

**replicate** There is a need for further research to replicate these findings. ................................................. the ability of DNA to replicate itself (n) replication

Answer 596

**propagate** The group launched a website to propagate its ideas. ............................................................................ Propagate your plants in fresh soil. .......................................................... (n) propagation

Answer 597

**aroma** the aroma of fresh coffee

Answer 598

**stern** sterner penalties for drug offences **stern look/voice/expression etc** ‘Wait!’ I shouted in my sternest voice. **stern warning/rebuke** His actions have earned him stern rebukes from human rights organizations. sternly adverb sternness noun

Answer 599

**strain** I couldn’t look after him anymore; the strain was too much for me. the stresses and strains of police life **strain for** The trial has been a terrible strain for both of us. **strain on** It’s quite a strain on me when he’s drinking heavily. **put/place a strain on somebody** The long working hours put a severe strain on employees. **under (a) strain** I know you’ve been under a lot of strain lately. **crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to deal with a problem or work)** I could see that she was beginning to crack under the strain. ........................................................................................................ **strain on** The dry summer has further increased the strain on water resources. **put/place (a) strain on something** The flu epidemic has put a huge strain on the health service. **strain in** The attack has led to strains in the relationship between the two countries. **under (a) strain** His marriage was under strain. **break/crack/collapse etc under the strain** The party split under the strain.

Answer 600

**forbid, forbade, forbidden** **forbid somebody to do something** He was forbidden to leave the house, as a punishment. **forbid somebody from doing something** Women are forbidden from going out without a veil. **strictly/expressly/explicitly etc forbid** The law strictly forbids racial or sexual discrimination. ## Footnote In everyday English, people usually say that someone **is not allowed to do** something rather than **is forbidden to do** something

Answer 601

**prohibit** Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory. **be prohibited from doing something** They are prohibited from revealing details about the candidates.

Answer 602

**abode** Welcome to my humble abode. a homeless person with no fixed abode (=no permanent home)

Answer 603

**embellish** **embellish something with something** The dress was embellished with gold threads. ........................................................................................... She gave an embellished account of what had happened.

Answer 604

**apprehensive** **apprehensive about/of** We’d been a little apprehensive about their visit. **apprehensive that** I was apprehensive that something would go wrong. Some had apprehensive looks on their faces.

Answer 605

**indigenous** Blueberries are indigenous to America. the many indigenous cultures which existed in Siberia

Answer 606

**blemish** the girl's hands were without a blemish ............................................................................... his reign as world champion has been blemished by controversy

Answer 607

**encircle** The island was encircled by a dusty road. ## Footnote (n) encirclement

Answer 608

**enfold** The wizard screamed as the darkness enfolded him. He reached out to enfold her in his arms.

Answer 609

**envelop** **envelop in** mountain peaks enveloped in mist the enveloping darkness

Answer 610

**enclose** Please enclose a cheque with your order. please find enclosed (=used in business letters to say that you are sending something with a letter) Please find enclosed an agenda for the meeting. ........................................................................ The pool area is enclosed by a six-foot wall. an enclosed area

Answer 611

**encompass** The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation. ................................................................... The houses encompassed about 100 square metres.

Answer 612

**aquatic**

Answer 613

**array** a dazzling array of flowers a bewildering array of options a vast/impressive/wide array There was a vast array of colours to choose from.

Answer 614

**extend** **something last longer** Management have agreed to extend the deadline. **extend for/into/over etc** Some of our courses extend over two years. **extend something for/by/until something** The government has extended the ban on the import of beef until June. ............................ **across/over/through etc** The River Nile extends as far south as Lake Victoria. **extend 100 km/30 yards etc (from something)** The shelf extends 20 cms from the bookcase. ................................... We plan to extend the kitchen by six feet. ................................................ **extend to/beyond etc** My duties at the school extend beyond just teaching. The vote was extended to all women aged 21 and over in 1928. British Coal is planning to extend its operations in Wales. **extend something to somebody/something** We can extend our insurance cover to travel abroad.

Answer 615

**fell** More than 100 trees were felled in just over an hour.

Answer 616

**myriad** the myriad causes of homelessness **a myriad** We were plagued by a myriad tiny flies.

Answer 617

**terrestrial**

Answer 618

**contemplate** He had even contemplated suicide. **contemplate doing something** Did you ever contemplate resigning? ............................................ Jack went on vacation to contemplate his future. **contemplate what/whether/how etc** She sat down and contemplated what she had done. contemplate your navel (=think so much about your own life that you do not notice other important things – used humorously) فعل ( verb ) : contemplate اسم ( noun ) : contemplation صفت ( adjective ) : contemplative قید ( adverb ) : contemplatively

Answer 619

**pertinent** He asked me a lot of very pertinent questions. **pertinent to** The last point is particularly pertinent to today’s discussion. —pertinently adverb —pertinence noun [uncountable]

Answer 620

**get by** My French isn’t good, but it’s enough to get by. (= enough to manage) **get by on** How can he get by on so little money? **get by with** We can get by with four computers at the moment, but we'll need a couple more when the new staff arrive.

Answer 621

**drop in/by** I dropped in to see Chris on my way home Drop in whenever you’re in the neighborhood.

Answer 622

**drop out** Gary went to university but dropped out aft er a year. **drop out of** He dropped out of the race after two laps.

Answer 623

**get out** of something that you arranged to do promised I’d go to the wedding. I don’t want to go, but I can’t get out of it now.

Answer 624

**leave out** In the sentence ‘She said that she was ill’, you can leave out the word ‘that’.

Answer 625

**take in** The man said he was a policeman and I believed him. I was completely taken in.

Answer 626

**put out** = extinguish I put the fire out with a fire extinguisher.

Answer 627

**run out** We ran out of petrol on the motorway.

Answer 628

**call off** The concert in the park had to be called off because of the weather. Union leaders called the strike off at the last minute.

Answer 629

**put off** The meeting has been put off for a week. [ + -ing verb ] I can't put off going to the dentist any longer. .......................................................................... **put somebody off (doing) something so that they don’t want it or want to do it any more** We wanted to go to the exhibition, but we were put off by the long queue. (= we didn’t go because of the long queue) What put you off applying for the job? Was the salary too low? | = postponeوdeferوdelay = hold off

Answer 630

**set off** We set off early to avoid the traffic. (= We left early)

Answer 631

**see** somebody **off** Helen was going away. We went to the station with her to see her off.

Answer 632

**put on** weight = gain weight I’ve put on two kilos in the last month.

Answer 633

**doze off / drop off / nod off** I dozed off during the lecture. It was very boring.

Answer 634

**turn down** I applied for several jobs, but I was turned down for all of them. Rachel was offered the job, but she decided to turn it down.

Answer 635

**take up** Most of the space in the room was taken up by a large table.

Answer 636

**put up with** We live on a busy road, so we have to put up with a lot of noise from the traffic.

Answer 637

**immense** There is still an **immense amount of** work to be done. The benefits **are immense**. a project **of immense importance** To my immense relief, he didn’t notice my mistake. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : immensity / immenseness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : immense ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : immensely

Answer 638

**take up with** She’s recently taken up with a strange group of people. .................................................. You’ll have to take this up with the head of the department.

Answer 639

**turn up** Do you think many people will turn up? She turned up at my house late one night. all the missing documents had turned up

Answer 640

**go about** What's the best way of going about this? [ + -ing verb ] How can we go about solving this problem?

Answer 641

**point out** She tried in vain to point out to him the unfairness of his actions. He pointed out the dangers of driving alone. As you so rightly pointed out, our funds are not unlimited. **point out (to somebody) that…** I should point out that not one of these paintings is original.

Answer 642

**when it comes (down) to ....., .............** We know we should cut down on fat but that doesn't help when it comes to eating. However, when it comes down to somebody that they know, they have a different feeling

Answer 643

(of animals) active during the day | (از جانوران) فعال در روز

Answer 644

(of animals) active at night | (از حیوانات) فعال در شب

Answer 645

(adj) [not usually before noun] (formal) very important and needing immediate attention or action = vital (n) a priority, an ergent need | ضروری

Answer 646

(adj) small in numbers or amount, often spread over a large area

Answer 647

گلبرگ

Answer 648

شاخه کوچک

Answer 649

باغبانی علمی

Answer 650

(شخم (زدن

Answer 651

بذر افشاندن

Answer 652

چرخه معیوب

Answer 653

(n) the main or most important part or feature of something | رکن اصلی یا گل سر سبد

Answer 654

(v) to block something or to become blocked so that movement or activity is difficult:

Answer 655

عابر پیاده | ant = motorist

Answer 656

(v) to prevent somebody from easily doing or achieving something; get in the way | با مشکل مواجه کردن (سخت کردن کارها؛ سر راه قرار گرفتن)

Answer 657

**freight** to send goods by air freight a freight business passenger and freight transportation services

Answer 658

**acclimate ( UK: acclimatize)** Competitors should arrive two weeks earlier to get acclimated to the sweltering heat. this should help new students acclimate to college life