general

Question 1

(v) to become gradually damaged, worse, or less; to cause something to do this
(n) damage, or a state that becomes gradually worse

پوسیده یا فاسد کردن، خراب کردن، رو به زوال یا افول رفتن - پوسیدگی یا فساد، خرابی، زوال یا افول

Answer 1

decay
Sugar makes your teeth decay.
The role of the extended family has been decaying for some time.
Pollution has decayed the surface of the stonework on the front of the cathedral.
the smell of decaying meat
………………………………………………………………
environmental/industrial/moral/urban/social decay
dental/tooth decay
The buildings had started to fall into decay.
This industry has been in decay for some time.
There’s still too much crime, poverty, and decay in the neighborhood.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : decay
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : decay / decadence = a state of low moral standards and behaviour in a society; social decay فساد اخلاقی،انحطاط و ابتذال
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : decadent فاسد از نظر اخلاقی،منحط و مبتذل / decayed / decaying
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 2

decay
Sugar makes your teeth decay.
The role of the extended family has been decaying for some time.
Pollution has decayed the surface of the stonework on the front of the cathedral.
the smell of decaying meat
………………………………………………………………
environmental/industrial/moral/urban/social decay
dental/tooth decay
The buildings had started to fall into decay.
This industry has been in decay for some time.
There’s still too much crime, poverty, and decay in the neighborhood.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : decay
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : decay / decadence = a state of low moral standards and behaviour in a society; social decay فساد اخلاقی،انحطاط و ابتذال
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : decadent فاسد از نظر اخلاقی،منحط و مبتذل / decayed / decaying
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 2

(v) to become gradually damaged, worse, or less; to cause something to do this
(n) damage, or a state that becomes gradually worse

پوسیده یا فاسد کردن، خراب کردن، رو به زوال یا افول رفتن - پوسیدگی یا فساد، خرابی، زوال یا افول

Question 3

(v) to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed (Keep in original state, prevent decay)

حفظ کردن، نگهداری کردن

Answer 3

preserve
to preserve the environment
We want to preserve the character of the town while improving the facilities.
The agreement preserved our right to limit trade in endangered species.
Putting varnish on wood is a way of preserving it.
I need to get out of the house from time to time just to preserve (= prevent me from losing) my sanity.

preserved fruit/food
oranges preserved in brandy

✅ فعل ( verb ) : preserve
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : preservation / preserve / preservative نگهدارنده/ preserver
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : preservative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 4

preserve
to preserve the environment
We want to preserve the character of the town while improving the facilities.
The agreement preserved our right to limit trade in endangered species.
Putting varnish on wood is a way of preserving it.
I need to get out of the house from time to time just to preserve (= prevent me from losing) my sanity.

preserved fruit/food
oranges preserved in brandy

✅ فعل ( verb ) : preserve
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : preservation / preserve / preservative نگهدارنده/ preserver
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : preservative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 4

(v) to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed (Keep in original state, prevent decay)

حفظ کردن، نگهداری کردن

Question 5

(v) to keep and protect (something, especially something of environmental or cultural importance) from damage, change, or waste (Use resources wisely to avoid waste (e.g., conserving water)

حفاظت کردن

Answer 5

conserve
In order to conserve fuel, they put in extra insulation.
“the funds raised will help conserve endangered meadowlands”
To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our heating.
The nationalists are very eager to conserve their customs and language.
He rested all morning, conserving his strength/energy for the competition in the afternoon.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : conserve
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conservation / conservancy / conserve / conservatory / conservator / conservative / conservatism / conservationist
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conservative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conservatively

Question 6

conserve
In order to conserve fuel, they put in extra insulation.
“the funds raised will help conserve endangered meadowlands”
To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our heating.
The nationalists are very eager to conserve their customs and language.
He rested all morning, conserving his strength/energy for the competition in the afternoon.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : conserve
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conservation / conservancy / conserve / conservatory / conservator / conservative / conservatism / conservationist
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conservative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conservatively

Answer 6

(v) to keep and protect (something, especially something of environmental or cultural importance) from damage, change, or waste (Use resources wisely to avoid waste (e.g., conserving water)

حفاظت کردن

Question 7

(v) (of a plan or idea) not certain or agreed, or (of a suggestion or action) said or done in a careful but uncertain way because you do not know if you are right (not certain or fixed; provisional.)

قطعی نشده

Answer 7

tentative
I have tentative plans to take a trip to Seattle in July.
“a tentative conclusion”
We have tentative plans to go to Hawaii in February.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tentativeness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tentative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tentatively

= provisional, uncertain

Question 8

tentative
I have tentative plans to take a trip to Seattle in July.
“a tentative conclusion”
We have tentative plans to go to Hawaii in February.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tentativeness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tentative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tentatively

Answer 8

(v) (of a plan or idea) not certain or agreed, or (of a suggestion or action) said or done in a careful but uncertain way because you do not know if you are right (not certain or fixed; provisional.)

قطعی نشده

Question 9

(v) to be connected with something, or to show that something is connected with something else= CONNECT
(v) to tell a story or describe a series of events
(v) to be able to understand a situation or someone’s feelings because you have experienced something similar yourself

مرتبط کردن یا ربط دادن - بازگو کردن/گفتن - ارتباط برقرار کردن

Answer 9

relate
We need to explain why these issues are important and relate them to everyday life.
Archaeologists hope to relate the discovery with the arrival of Vikings in the area in the tenth century.
equations that relate variables of pressure, volume, and temperature
………………………………………………………………
She related the events of the previous week to the police.
She related that she had been approached by an employee asking for time off.
He relates how at the age of 23 he was interned in a prison camp.
………………………………………………………………
I often wake very early - I’m sure most readers over 50 can relate.

= connect (with),associate (with),link (with)

Question 10

relate
We need to explain why these issues are important and relate them to everyday life.
Archaeologists hope to relate the discovery with the arrival of Vikings in the area in the tenth century.
equations that relate variables of pressure, volume, and temperature
………………………………………………………………
She related the events of the previous week to the police.
She related that she had been approached by an employee asking for time off.
He relates how at the age of 23 he was interned in a prison camp.
………………………………………………………………
I often wake very early - I’m sure most readers over 50 can relate.

Answer 10

(v) to be connected with something, or to show that something is connected with something else= CONNECT
(v) to tell a story or describe a series of events
(v) to be able to understand a situation or someone’s feelings because you have experienced something similar yourself

مرتبط کردن یا ربط دادن - بازگو کردن/گفتن - ارتباط برقرار کردن

Question 11

(v) to be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular characteristic or effect

متمایل بودن به ، تمایل داشتن ، غالبا یا طبیعتا بگونه اى بودن یا کارى انج

Answer 11

tend
“written language tends to be formal”
We tend to get cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part of the country.
We tend to eat at home.
Children tend to be like their parents.

فعل ( verb ) : tend
اسم ( noun ) : tendency / tendentiousness
صفت ( adjective ) : tendentious= (of speech or writing) expressing or supporting a particular opinion that many other people disagree with
قید ( adverb ) : tendentiously

= to be likely, be inclined,be apt

Question 12

tend
“written language tends to be formal”
We tend to get cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part of the country.
We tend to eat at home.
Children tend to be like their parents.

فعل ( verb ) : tend
اسم ( noun ) : tendency / tendentiousness
صفت ( adjective ) : tendentious= (of speech or writing) expressing or supporting a particular opinion that many other people disagree with
قید ( adverb ) : tendentiously

Answer 12

(v) to be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular characteristic or effect

متمایل بودن به ، تمایل داشتن ، غالبا یا طبیعتا بگونه اى بودن یا کارى انج

Question 13

to be likely to do something or behave in a particular way (you’re likely to do something, you’re leaning toward doing it, or you do it habitually)
(adj) likely or wanting to do something:
(adj) to have an opinion about something, but not a strong opinion
(adj) having natural artistic, technical, etc. ability

مایل ( به انجام کاری ) متمایل ( به انجام کاری ) - مایل و متمایل به داشتن نظر در مورد چیزی، اما نه یک نظر قوی- مستعد ( انجام کاری ) با استعداد ( در انجام کاری)
(adj) مایل، متمایل، راغب/مستعد/شیب دار، اریب

Answer 13

be inclined to
Tom is inclined to be lazy.
No one seemed inclined to help.
……………………………………………
be inclined to agree, believe, think, etc.
He was inclined to agree with them.
She was inclined to believe that he was telling the truth.
………………………………………………………………
She’s very bright, but she’s not academically inclined.
My sister was always artistically inclined.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : incline
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inclination
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inclined
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 14

be inclined to
Tom is inclined to be lazy.
No one seemed inclined to help.
……………………………………………
be inclined to agree, believe, think, etc.
He was inclined to agree with them.
She was inclined to believe that he was telling the truth.
………………………………………………………………
She’s very bright, but she’s not academically inclined.
My sister was always artistically inclined.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : incline
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inclination
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inclined
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 14

to be likely to do something or behave in a particular way (you’re likely to do something, you’re leaning toward doing it, or you do it habitually)
(adj) likely or wanting to do something:
(adj) to have an opinion about something, but not a strong opinion
(adj) having natural artistic, technical, etc. ability

مایل ( به انجام کاری ) متمایل ( به انجام کاری ) - مایل و متمایل به داشتن نظر در مورد چیزی، اما نه یک نظر قوی- مستعد ( انجام کاری ) با استعداد ( در انجام کاری)
(adj) مایل، متمایل، راغب/مستعد/شیب دار، اریب

Question 15

(adj) suitable or right for a particular situation
(adj) likely; to be likely to do something or to often do something
(adj) having a natural ability or skill (quick to learn.)

مناسب. بجا. به موقع - مستعد. اماده. قابل - با استعداد. تیزهوش

Answer 15

apt
an apt comment/description
“Unusual”, yes, that’s a very apt description.
“the theme could not be more apt”
……………………………………..
be apt to do something/be apt to be something
The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains.
She’s in her eighties now and apt to be a little forgetful.
You’re apt to use things more if they’re within easy reach.
When animals are stressed, they are apt to get sick.
He is apt to be irritable when people ask him why he isn’t more cheerful.
………………………………………………
We have some particularly apt students in the class this year.
“she proved an apt pupil”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aptness / aptitude= natural ability or skill
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : apt
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aptly

Question 16

apt
an apt comment/description
“Unusual”, yes, that’s a very apt description.
“the theme could not be more apt”
……………………………………..
be apt to do something/be apt to be something
The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains.
She’s in her eighties now and apt to be a little forgetful.
You’re apt to use things more if they’re within easy reach.
When animals are stressed, they are apt to get sick.
He is apt to be irritable when people ask him why he isn’t more cheerful.
………………………………………………
We have some particularly apt students in the class this year.
“she proved an apt pupil”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aptness / aptitude= natural ability or skill
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : apt
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aptly

Answer 16

(adj) suitable or right for a particular situation
(adj) likely; to be likely to do something or to often do something
(adj) having a natural ability or skill (quick to learn.)

مناسب. بجا. به موقع - مستعد. اماده. قابل - با استعداد. تیزهوش

Question 17

(v) to use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action
(v) to request help from someone, especially a god, when you want to improve a situation
(v) to make someone have a particular feeling or remember something = evoke

استناد کردن ( به یک قانون، قضیه، مقاله، مثال و. . . برای نشون دادن درستی چیزی یا دلیل برای انجام کاری ) - توسل کردن، متوسل شدن - تداعی کردن، به یاد چیزی انداختن

Answer 17

invoke
Police can invoke the law to regulate access to these places.
“the antiquated defence of insanity is rarely invoked in England”
Rather than answer the question, the witness invoked the Fifth Amendment against incriminating himself.
…………………..
Their sacred dance is performed to invoke ancient gods.
………………………………………………………………….
His name was invoked as a symbol of the revolution.
The opening paragraph invokes a vision of England in the early Middle Ages.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : invoke
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : invocation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 18

invoke
Police can invoke the law to regulate access to these places.
“the antiquated defence of insanity is rarely invoked in England”
Rather than answer the question, the witness invoked the Fifth Amendment against incriminating himself.
…………………..
Their sacred dance is performed to invoke ancient gods.
………………………………………………………………….
His name was invoked as a symbol of the revolution.
The opening paragraph invokes a vision of England in the early Middle Ages.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : invoke
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : invocation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 18

(v) to use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action
(v) to request help from someone, especially a god, when you want to improve a situation
(v) to make someone have a particular feeling or remember something = evoke

استناد کردن ( به یک قانون، قضیه، مقاله، مثال و. . . برای نشون دادن درستی چیزی یا دلیل برای انجام کاری ) - توسل کردن، متوسل شدن - تداعی کردن، به یاد چیزی انداختن

Question 19

(adj) hard to understand due to insufficient detail

مبهم

Answer 19

vague
“many patients suffer vague symptoms”
I do have a vague memory of meeting her many years ago.
The patient had complained of vague pains and backache.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vagueness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vague
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vaguely

Question 20

vague
“many patients suffer vague symptoms”
I do have a vague memory of meeting her many years ago.
The patient had complained of vague pains and backache.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vagueness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vague
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vaguely

Answer 20

(adj) hard to understand due to insufficient detail

مبهم

Question 21

(v) to come or arrange for a group of people to come together for an official meeting

تشکیل جلسه دادن

Answer 21

convene
The prime minister convened (a meeting of) his cabinet to discuss the matter.
The council will be convening on the morning of the 25th.
“he had convened a secret meeting of military personnel”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : convene
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : convention / conventionality / conventioneer
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conventional
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conventionally
………………………………..
convention
1- a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party کنوانسیون، نشست، مجمع
* the national Democratic convention
* Where are they holding their party convention?
* She addressed hundreds of attendees at the International Reading Association’s annual convention.

2-a formal agreement between country leaders, politicians, and states on a matter that involves them all توافقنامه، پیمان
* the Geneva Convention
* The decision is not compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights.

3- a usual or accepted way of behaving, especially in social situations, often following an old way of thinking or a custom in one particular society
* They defied/flouted/broke with convention by giving up their jobs and becoming self-sufficient. آداب و رسوم، عرف، رسم
* Convention dictates that it is the man who asks the woman to marry him and not the other way round.
* In many countries it is the/a convention to wear black at funerals.

Question 22

convene
The prime minister convened (a meeting of) his cabinet to discuss the matter.
The council will be convening on the morning of the 25th.
“he had convened a secret meeting of military personnel”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : convene
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : convention / conventionality / conventioneer
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conventional
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conventionally
………………………………..
convention
1- a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party کنوانسیون، نشست، مجمع
* the national Democratic convention
* Where are they holding their party convention?
* She addressed hundreds of attendees at the International Reading Association’s annual convention.

2-a formal agreement between country leaders, politicians, and states on a matter that involves them all توافقنامه، پیمان
* the Geneva Convention
* The decision is not compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights.

3- a usual or accepted way of behaving, especially in social situations, often following an old way of thinking or a custom in one particular society
* They defied/flouted/broke with convention by giving up their jobs and becoming self-sufficient. آداب و رسوم، عرف، رسم
* Convention dictates that it is the man who asks the woman to marry him and not the other way round.
* In many countries it is the/a convention to wear black at funerals.

Answer 22

(v) to come or arrange for a group of people to come together for an official meeting

تشکیل جلسه دادن

Question 23

(n) the process by which characteristics are given from a parent to their child through the genes

وراثت

Answer 23

heredity
Diet and exercise can influence a person’s weight, but heredity is also a factor.
“the relative influence of heredity and environment”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : heredity / hereditament= a piece of property that can be left to someone after its owner has died
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : hereditary
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : hereditraily

= congenital characteristics,congenital traits

Question 24

heredity
Diet and exercise can influence a person’s weight, but heredity is also a factor.
“the relative influence of heredity and environment”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : heredity / hereditament= a piece of property that can be left to someone after its owner has died
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : hereditary
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : hereditraily

Answer 24

(n) the process by which characteristics are given from a parent to their child through the genes

وراثت

Question 25

(adj) existing at or from birth (a trait or a disease or physical abnormality) = inborn | مادرزادی

Answer 25

**congenital** "a congenital liar" "a congenital malformation of the heart" a congenital abnormality/disease/defect ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : _ ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : congenital ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : congenitally | = inborn,inherited,hereditary, innate

Question 26

**congenital** "a congenital liar" "a congenital malformation of the heart" a congenital abnormality/disease/defect ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : _ ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : congenital ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : congenitally

Answer 26

(adj) existing at or from birth (a trait or a disease or physical abnormality) = inborn | مادرزادی

Question 27

(adj) used to refer to a mental or physical characteristic that someone has from birth = innate | مادر زادی و ذاتی

Answer 27

**inborn** Apparently some people have an inborn tendency to develop certain kinds of tumour. She seems to have an inborn talent for physics. | = innate,congenital

Question 28

**inborn** Apparently some people have an inborn tendency to develop certain kinds of tumour. She seems to have an inborn talent for physics.

Answer 28

(adj) used to refer to a mental or physical characteristic that someone has from birth =innate | مادر زادی و ذاتی

Question 29

(of a quality) which you are born with, or which is present naturally = inborn | مادر زادی و ذاتی

Answer 29

**innate** Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness. "her innate capacity for organization" Her dance expresses the innate beauty of the human spirit.

Question 30

**innate** Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness. "her innate capacity for organization" Her dance expresses the innate beauty of the human spirit.

Answer 30

(of a quality) which you are born with, or which is present naturally = inborn | مادر زادی و ذاتی

Question 31

(adj) (of facts, proof, or arguments) proving that something is true, or ending any doubt or uncertainty about a situation | قطعی و قانع کننده

Answer 31

**conclusive** They had **conclusive evidence/proof** of her guilt. a conclusive argument "the findings were by no means conclusive فعل ( verb ) : conclude اسم ( noun ) : conclusion صفت ( adjective ) : conclusive / concluding قید ( adverb ) : conclusively ............................................... **conclude** **1- to end a speech, meeting, or piece of writing** جمع بندی یا پایان دادن به یک مقاله، سخنرانی و. . . * She concluded the speech by reminding us of our responsibility. * Before I conclude, I'd like to thank you all for coming. * The concert concluded with a rousing chorus. **2- to judge or decide something after thinking carefully about it** قضاوت و نتیجه گیری کردن The jury concluded from the evidence that the defendant was innocent. The discussions continued late into the night, but nothing was concluded.

Question 32

**conclusive** They had **conclusive evidence/proof** of her guilt. a conclusive argument "the findings were by no means conclusive فعل ( verb ) : conclude اسم ( noun ) : conclusion صفت ( adjective ) : conclusive / concluding قید ( adverb ) : conclusively ............................................... **conclude** **1- to end a speech, meeting, or piece of writing** جمع بندی یا پایان دادن به یک مقاله، سخنرانی و. . . * She concluded the speech by reminding us of our responsibility. * Before I conclude, I'd like to thank you all for coming. * The concert concluded with a rousing chorus. **2- to judge or decide something after thinking carefully about it** قضاوت و نتیجه گیری کردن The jury concluded from the evidence that the defendant was innocent. The discussions continued late into the night, but nothing was concluded.

Answer 32

(adj) (of facts, proof, or arguments) proving that something is true, or ending any doubt or uncertainty about a situation | قطعی و قانع کننده

Question 33

(n) a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, or publicly discuss their opinions as entertainment (n) a surface with devices that a person uses to control or get information about the operation of one or more machines | گروه، هیئت - بورد کنترل

Answer 33

**panel** The competition will be judged by a panel of experts. A panel of experts was formed to look into the causes of the fire. ............................................................................ The car’s instrument panel has buttons that give off a little blue-green light at night. a control/instrument panel

Question 34

**panel** The competition will be judged by a panel of experts. A panel of experts was formed to look into the causes of the fire. ............................................................................ The car’s instrument panel has buttons that give off a little blue-green light at night. a control/instrument panel

Answer 34

(n) a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, or publicly discuss their opinions as entertainment (n) a surface with devices that a person uses to control or get information about the operation of one or more machines | گروه، هیئت - بورد کنترل

Question 35

(adj) of or relating to punishment given by law | کیفری. جزایی

Answer 35

**penal** Many people believe that execution has no place in **the penal system** of a civilized society. He had been in and out of **penal institutions** (= prison) from the age of 16

Question 36

**penal** Many people believe that execution has no place in the penal system of a civilized society. He had been in and out of penal institutions (= prison) from the age of 16 the penal system

Answer 36

(adj) of or relating to punishment given by law | کیفری. جزایی

Question 37

(adj) holding tightly onto something, or keeping an opinion in a determined way (adj) unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something | سرسخت

Answer 37

**tenacious** The baby took my finger in its tenacious little fist. There has been tenacious local opposition to the new airport. ......................... Seles is a tenacious opponent – she never gives in. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : tenacity= the determination to continue what you are doing سرسختی و عزم و اراده صفت ( adjective ) : tenacious قید ( adverb ) : tenaciously

Question 38

**tenacious** The baby took my finger in its tenacious little fist. There has been tenacious local opposition to the new airport. ......................... Seles is a tenacious opponent – she never gives in. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : tenacity= the determination to continue what you are doing سرسختی و عزم و اراده صفت ( adjective ) : tenacious قید ( adverb ) : tenaciously

Answer 38

(adj) holding tightly onto something, or keeping an opinion in a determined way (adj) unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something | سرسخت

Question 39

(proposition and idiom) in combination with, together with, in addition to, alongside | همراه با یا علاوه بر

Answer 39

**in conjunction with** "herbal medicine was used in conjunction with acupuncture and massage" The concert will be held in conjunction with the festival. The medicine is typically used in conjunction with other treatments. in conjunction with a strong longitudinal electric field component, a natural acceleration channel has been demonstrated to exist for a laser beam in a vacuum

Question 40

**in conjunction with** "herbal medicine was used in conjunction with acupuncture and massage" The concert will be held in conjunction with the festival. The medicine is typically used in conjunction with other treatments. in conjunction with a strong longitudinal electric field component, a natural acceleration channel has been demonstrated to exist for a laser beam in a vacuum

Answer 40

(proposition and idiom) in combination with, together with, in addition to, alongside | همراه با یا علاوه بر

Question 41

(adj) rough and not smooth or soft (adj) rude or offensive in manner or speech | زبر و زمخت - توهین امیز و بی ادبانه

Answer 41

**coarse** a coarse woollen cloth .................. a coarse joke coarse language Now and then coarse laughter broke out. فعل ( verb ) : - اسم ( noun ) : coarseness صفت ( adjective ) : coarse قید ( adverb ) : coarsely

Question 42

**coarse** a coarse woollen cloth .................. a coarse joke coarse language Now and then coarse laughter broke out. فعل ( verb ) : - اسم ( noun ) : coarseness صفت ( adjective ) : coarse قید ( adverb ) : coarsely

Answer 42

(adj) rough and not smooth or soft (adj) rude or offensive in manner or speech | زبر و زمخت - توهین امیز و بی ادبانه

Question 43

(v) to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else (n) someone who is closely connected to another person as a companion, friend, or business partner (adj) connected with an organization or business. | مرتبط دانستن - دوست یا همکار - وابسته یا معاون

Answer 43

**Associate** **associate sth with** Most people associate this brand with good quality. "I associated wealth with freedom" Both politicians have been closely associated with the movement for some time. He has been associated with some dubious characters. ................................. "a close associate of the Minister" A close associate of the author denied reports that she had cancer. Mr. Shelton had a meeting that afternoon with a **business associate**. ..................................................... "an associate company" an associate member of an organization associate director/producer فعل ( verb ) : associate اسم ( noun ) : association صفت ( adjective ) : associate​d = connected= related=linked مرتبط قید ( adverb ) : - She was prepared to take on the job, with all its **associated** risks. ......................................................... **association** **1- a group of people who work together in a single organization for a particular purpose** انجمن - اتحادیه * The Football Association * The British Medical Association is/are campaigning for a complete ban on tobacco advertising. **2- the fact of being involved with or connected to someone or something:** ارتباط _رابطه her association with the university This event was organized in association with a local school. "he developed a close association with the university"

Question 44

**Associate** **associate sth with** Most people associate this brand with good quality. "I associated wealth with freedom" Both politicians have been closely associated with the movement for some time. He has been associated with some dubious characters. ................................. "a close associate of the Minister" A close associate of the author denied reports that she had cancer. Mr. Shelton had a meeting that afternoon with a **business associate**. ..................................................... "an associate company" an associate member of an organization associate director/producer فعل ( verb ) : associate اسم ( noun ) : association صفت ( adjective ) : associate​d = connected= related=linked مرتبط قید ( adverb ) : - She was prepared to take on the job, with all its **associated** risks. ......................................................... **association** **1- a group of people who work together in a single organization for a particular purpose** انجمن - اتحادیه * The Football Association * The British Medical Association is/are campaigning for a complete ban on tobacco advertising. **2- the fact of being involved with or connected to someone or something:** ارتباط _رابطه her association with the university This event was organized in association with a local school. "he developed a close association with the university"

Answer 44

(v) to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else (n) someone who is closely connected to another person as a companion, friend, or business partner (adj) connected with an organization or business. | مرتبط دانستن - دوست یا همکار - وابسته یا معاون

Question 45

(v) to correct something or make something right | تصحیح کردن.اصلاح کردن. درست کردن اشتباه، خطا، موقعیت

Answer 45

**rectify** am determined to take whatever action is necessary to **rectify the situation.** Every effort is made to **rectify** any **errors/mistakes** before the book is printed. "mistakes made now cannot be rectified later" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : rectify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : rectification ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : rectifying / rectifiable / rectified ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | = correct, make right

Question 46

**rectify** am determined to take whatever action is necessary to **rectify the situation.** Every effort is made to **rectify** any **errors/mistakes** before the book is printed. "mistakes made now cannot be rectified later" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : rectify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : rectification ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : rectifying / rectifiable / rectified ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 46

(v) to correct something or make something right | تصحیح کردن.اصلاح کردن. درست کردن اشتباه، خطا، موقعیت

Question 47

(adj) expected to happen, arrive, etc. at a particular time (phrase, adjective) because (adj) owed as a debt or as a right ## Footnote 1 - قرار است که، انتظار میرود که 2- به دلیل و ناشی از چیزی بودن 3- به عنوان بدهی یا حق sth be due = باید پرداخت شود چون موعدشه، موعد sb be due = طلبکار بودن be due to sb= بدهکار و مدیون کسی بودن be due for something = مستحق چیزی بودن

Answer 47

**due** **be due (to verb)** What time is the next bus due? The package is **due to** arrive tomorrow. The next meeting is due to be held in three months' time. **in due course**= at a suitable time in the future در زمان مناسب You will receive notification of the results in due course. .......................................................................... **be due to something** A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom. The bus was delayed due to heavy snow. Regrettably, the service has been dropped due to lack of funding ................................................................. **be due** The rent is due (= should be paid) at the end of the month. When is the next payment due? **be due to someone** Our thanks are due to everyone. £50 is due me from the people I worked for last month. UK He was found to have been driving without **due** (= the necessary) **care and attention.** **be due for something** = to expect, need, or have the right to have something: I'm due for a promotion soon.

Question 48

**due** **be due (to verb)** What time is the next bus due? The package is **due to** arrive tomorrow. The next meeting is due to be held in three months' time. **in due course**= at a suitable time in the future در زمان مناسب You will receive notification of the results in due course. .......................................................................... **be due to something** A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom. The bus was delayed due to heavy snow. Regrettably, the service has been dropped due to lack of funding ................................................................. **be due** The rent is due (= should be paid) at the end of the month. When is the next payment due? **be due to someone** Our thanks are due to everyone. £50 is due me from the people I worked for last month. UK He was found to have been driving without **due** (= the necessary) **care and attention.** **be due for something** = to expect, need, or have the right to have something: I'm due for a promotion soon.

Answer 48

(adj) expected to happen, arrive, etc. at a particular time (phrase, adjective) because (adj) owed as a debt or as a right ## Footnote 1 - قرار است که، انتظار میرود که 2- به دلیل و ناشی از چیزی بودن 3- به عنوان بدهی یا حق sth be due = باید پرداخت شود چون موعدشه، موعد sb be due = طلبکار بودن be due to sb= بدهکار و مدیون کسی بودن be due for something = مستحق چیزی بودن

Question 49

(adj) coming or likely to happen very soon | حتمی، قریب الوقوع

Answer 49

**imminent** imminent disaster/danger A strike is imminent. "they were in imminent danger of being swept away" A rain storm was imminent. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : imminence = the state of being likely to happen very soon, or coming very soon قریب الوقوعی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : imminent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : imminently

Question 50

**imminent** imminent disaster/danger A strike is imminent. "they were in imminent danger of being swept away" A rain storm was imminent. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : imminence = the state of being likely to happen very soon, or coming very soon قریب الوقوعی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : imminent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : imminently

Answer 50

(adj) coming or likely to happen very soon | حتمی، قریب الوقوع

Question 51

(n,adj) total (v) to combine into a single group or total | مجموع - مجموع - جمع و جمع آوری کردن

Answer 51

**aggregate** **aggregate of** They purchased an aggregate of 3,000 shares in the company. Snowflakes are loose aggregates of ice crystals. **on aggregate** در مجموع(فقط ورزش) Arsenal lost the second game, but got through to the final on aggregate. After 90 minutes it was 2-2 on aggregate. ................................. The seven companies have an The company aggregate turnover of £5.2 million. "the aggregate amount of grants made" aggregate profit ............................................. The company aggregates news and information from a number of sources on its website. "socio-occupational groups aggregate men sharing similar kinds of occupation" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : aggregate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aggregate / aggregation / aggregator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : aggregate ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 52

**aggregate** **aggregate of** They purchased an aggregate of 3,000 shares in the company. Snowflakes are loose aggregates of ice crystals. **on aggregate** در مجموع(فقط ورزش) Arsenal lost the second game, but got through to the final on aggregate. After 90 minutes it was 2-2 on aggregate. ................................. The seven companies have an The company aggregate turnover of £5.2 million. "the aggregate amount of grants made" aggregate profit ............................................. The company aggregates news and information from a number of sources on its website. "socio-occupational groups aggregate men sharing similar kinds of occupation" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : aggregate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aggregate / aggregation / aggregator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : aggregate ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 52

(n,adj) total (v) to combine into a single group or total | مجموع - مجموع - جمع و جمع آوری کردن

Question 53

(v) to control an activity or process by rules or a system (v) to adjust something to a desired level or standard | کنترل و قانونمند کردن - تنظیم کردن

Answer 53

**regulate** A computer system regulates production. Their parents regulate how much TV the children can watch. "the Code regulates the takeovers of all public companies" .................................................. As a diabetic, she regulates her sugar intake carefully. "a hormone which regulates metabolism" "the standard time by which other clocks were regulated" You can regulate the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermostat. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : regulate / regularize= to change a situation or system so that it obeys laws or is based on reason نظم بخشیدن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : regulation مقررات/ regulator / regularity / regularization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : regulatory / regulation = according to the rules or the usual way of doing things / regular ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : regularly

Question 54

**regulate** A computer system regulates production. Their parents regulate how much TV the children can watch. "the Code regulates the takeovers of all public companies" .................................................. As a diabetic, she regulates her sugar intake carefully. "a hormone which regulates metabolism" "the standard time by which other clocks were regulated" You can regulate the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermostat. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : regulate / regularize= to change a situation or system so that it obeys laws or is based on reason نظم بخشیدن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : regulation مقررات/ regulator / regularity / regularization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : regulatory / regulation = according to the rules or the usual way of doing things / regular ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : regularly

Answer 54

(v) to control an activity or process by rules or a system (v) to adjust something to a desired level or standard | کنترل و قانونمند کردن - تنظیم کردن

Question 55

مجرای فاضلاب ...................................................... فاضلاب_گنداب (چه محتویات و چه سیستم)

Answer 55

**sewer** a sewer pipe A complicated system of sewers runs under the city. The county is putting in new sewers. ......................... **Sewerage or sewage** Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for the disposal of sewage. **Raw/untreated sewage** is being pumped into the sea, from where it pollutes our beaches. The storm caused raw sewage to flow into the bay. "a proper **sewerage system**" "sewage treatment"

Question 56

**sewer** a sewer pipe A complicated system of sewers runs under the city. The county is putting in new sewers. ......................... **Sewerage or sewage** Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for the disposal of sewage. **Raw/untreated sewage** is being pumped into the sea, from where it pollutes our beaches. The storm caused raw sewage to flow into the bay. "a proper **sewerage system**" "sewage treatment"

Answer 56

مجرای فاضلاب ...................................................... فاضلاب_گنداب (چه محتویات و چه سیستم)

Question 57

(v) to collect a large number of things over a long period of time (v) to gradually increase in number or amount | انباشتن، اندوختن - جمع شدن انباشته شدن

Answer 57

**accumulate** As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. The company said the debt was accumulated during its acquisition of nine individual businesses. We've accumulated so much rubbish over the years. .......................................................... A thick layer of dust had accumulated in the room. If you don't go through the papers on your desk on a regular basis, they just keep on accumulating. فعل ( verb ) : accumulate اسم ( noun ) : accumulation صفت ( adjective ) : accumulative قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 58

**accumulate** As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. The company said the debt was accumulated during its acquisition of nine individual businesses. We've accumulated so much rubbish over the years. .......................................................... A thick layer of dust had accumulated in the room. If you don't go through the papers on your desk on a regular basis, they just keep on accumulating. فعل ( verb ) : accumulate اسم ( noun ) : accumulation صفت ( adjective ) : accumulative قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 58

(v) to collect a large number of things over a long period of time (v) to gradually increase in number or amount | انباشتن، اندوختن - جمع شدن انباشته شدن

Question 59

دام و احشام

Answer 59

**Cattle** [ plural ]= a group of animals that includes cows, buffalo, and bison, that are often kept for their milk or meat **livestock**[ plural ]= animals and birds that are kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep, or chickens

Question 60

**Cattle** [ plural ]= a group of animals that includes cows, buffalo, and bison, that are often kept for their milk or meat **livestock**[ plural ]= animals and birds that are kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep, or chickens

Answer 60

دام و احشام

Question 61

**(v) to take responsibility for and begin doing something** = take on (v) to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult (v) to promise that you will do something | بعهده گرفتن - انجام دادن، شروع به انجام کاری کردن - قول دادن و متعهد شدن

Answer 61

**undertake** The president directed the Department of Justice to undertake an investigation of the allegations. I undertook to help him learn English. "a firm of builders undertook the construction work" .................................................................................. Students are required to undertake simple experiments. The agency undertook the survey in January 2004 This is one of the largest aid projects ever undertaken. .................................... She undertook not to publish the names of the people involved. The government undertook that the buildings would not be redeveloped.

Question 62

**undertake** The president directed the Department of Justice to undertake an investigation of the allegations. I undertook to help him learn English. "a firm of builders undertook the construction work" ................................................................ Students are required to undertake simple experiments. The agency undertook the survey in January 2004 This is one of the largest aid projects ever undertaken. .................................... She undertook not to publish the names of the people involved. The government undertook that the buildings would not be redeveloped.

Answer 62

**(v) to take responsibility for and begin doing something** = take on (v) to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult (v) to promise that you will do something | بعهده گرفتن - انجام دادن، شروع به انجام کاری کردن - قول دادن و متعهد شدن

Question 63

(n) the particular things that a person prefers, believes, thinks, or usually does (n) training or preparation for a new job or activity (n) arrangement or direction (the position of something in relation to its surroundings) ## Footnote گرایش ، عقیده ، الگوی فکری- معارفه (مراسم اموزش و اشنا سازی برای ورود به یک شغل یک فعالیت) - جهت گیری

Answer 63

**orientation** We employ people without regard to their political orientation He is not legally required to disclose his orientation to his employer. ....................................................... The department has arranged an orientation session. "studies of locational awareness and orientation in young children" ..................................................... The building has an east-west orientation (= it is built on a line between east and west). "using the orientation of a building to capture energy from the sun" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : orient / orientate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : orientation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : oriented / orientated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ............................. **orient** **1-(v) to discover the position of yourself in relation to your surroundings**تعیین جهت کردن After she came out of the station, she paused to orient herself. **2-(v) to make someone familiar with a new place** آشنا کردن Incoming freshmen have advisers to help orient them to the university. ................................................... **orientate**mainly UK **to aim something at someone or something, or to make something suitable for a particular group of people** * **orientate sth toward(s) sb/sth** * It is essential that our business should orientate itself towards our key customers. ........................................................ **-orientated and -oriented ** . . . محور family-oriented

Question 64

**orientation** We employ people without regard to their political orientation He is not legally required to disclose his orientation to his employer. ....................................................... The department has arranged an orientation session. "studies of locational awareness and orientation in young children" ..................................................... The building has an east-west orientation (= it is built on a line between east and west). "using the orientation of a building to capture energy from the sun" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : orient / orientate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : orientation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : oriented / orientated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ............................. **orient** **1-(v) to discover the position of yourself in relation to your surroundings**تعیین جهت کردن After she came out of the station, she paused to orient herself. **2-(v) to make someone familiar with a new place** آشنا کردن Incoming freshmen have advisers to help orient them to the university. ................................................... **orientate**mainly UK **to aim something at someone or something, or to make something suitable for a particular group of people** * **orientate sth toward(s) sb/sth** * It is essential that our business should orientate itself towards our key customers. ........................................................ **-orientated and -oriented ** . . . محور family-oriented

Answer 64

(n) the particular things that a person prefers, believes, thinks, or usually does (n) training or preparation for a new job or activity (n) arrangement or direction (the position of something in relation to its surroundings) ## Footnote گرایش ، عقیده ، الگوی فکری- معارفه (مراسم اموزش و اشنا سازی برای ورود به یک شغل یک فعالیت) - جهت گیری

Question 65

(adj) based on random choice or personal desire or idea, rather than any reason or system. | اتفاقی یا اختیاری برپایه ترجیح فردی

Answer 65

**arbitrary** Her outfit was an arbitrary choice but was just perfect. Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary? That percentages of air being used add up to one unit of air is purely arbitrary. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : arbitrariness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : arbitrary ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : arbitrarily

Question 66

**arbitrary** Her outfit was an arbitrary choice but was just perfect. Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary? That percentages of air being used add up to one unit of air is purely arbitrary. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : arbitrariness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : arbitrary ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : arbitrarily

Answer 66

(adj) based on random choice or personal desire or idea, rather than any reason or system. | اتفاقی یا اختیاری برپایه ترجیح فردی

Question 67

(v) to find out sth=discover (v) to make certain of something | فهمیدن و کشف کردن - اطمینان حاصل کردن

Answer 67

**ascertain** The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion. "an attempt to ascertain the cause of the accident" ............................................. I ascertained that no one could overhear us before I told Otto the news. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ascertain ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ascertainment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ascertainable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ascertainably

Question 68

**ascertain** The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion. "an attempt to ascertain the cause of the accident" ............................................. I ascertained that no one could overhear us before I told Otto the news. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ascertain ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ascertainment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ascertainable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ascertainably

Answer 68

(v) to find out sth=discover (v) to make certain of something | فهمیدن و کشف کردن - اطمینان حاصل کردن

Question 69

(n) a fundamental element or principal part of somthing, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade (adj) main or most important, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade | جزء اصلی(به خصوص راجب محصولاتی مصرفی مثل غذا یا در تجارت) - اصلی

Answer 69

**staple** bread, milk, and other staples rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy Shortages mean that even staples (= basic foods) like bread are difficult to find. Phosphate has been a staple of this area for many years. Romantic fiction and reference books are a staple of many public libraries. .............................................................. the staple foods of the poor rice was the staple crop grown in most villages The staple diet here is mutton, fish and boiled potatoes. Prices of staple foods such as wheat and vegetables have also been increasing.

Question 70

**staple** bread, milk, and other staples rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy Shortages mean that even staples (= basic foods) like bread are difficult to find. Phosphate has been a staple of this area for many years. Romantic fiction and reference books are a staple of many public libraries. .............................................................. the staple foods of the poor rice was the staple crop grown in most villages The staple diet here is mutton, fish and boiled potatoes. Prices of staple foods such as wheat and vegetables have also been increasing.

Answer 70

(n) a fundamental element or principal part of somthing, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade (adj) main or most important, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade | جزء اصلی(به خصوص راجب محصولاتی مصرفی مثل غذا یا در تجارت) - اصلی

Question 71

(v) to have and show particular qualities or ideas; represent (v) to include as part of something | سمبل و مظهر چیزی بودن - گنجاندن

Answer 71

**embody** a national team that embodies competitive spirit and skill She embodied good sportsmanship on the playing field. ....................................................... the changes in law embodied in the Children Act Kennett embodied in one man an unusual range of science, music, and religion. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : embody ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : embodiment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 72

**embody** a national team that embodies competitive spirit and skill She embodied good sportsmanship on the playing field. ....................................................... the changes in law embodied in the Children Act Kennett embodied in one man an unusual range of science, music, and religion. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : embody ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : embodiment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 72

(v) to have and show particular qualities or ideas; represent (v) to include as part of something | سمبل و مظهر چیزی بودن - گنجاندن

Question 73

(v) fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass. | ثابت و جاساز کردن چیزی در یک ماده ، فرو کردن

Answer 73

**embed** "he had an operation to remove a nail embedded in his chest" "you can embed the videos into a blog post." to embed tiles in cement

Question 74

**embed** "he had an operation to remove a nail embedded in his chest" "you can embed the videos into a blog post." to embed tiles in cement

Answer 74

(v) fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass. | ثابت و جاساز کردن چیزی در یک ماده ، فرو کردن

Question 75

(proposition and idiom) in combination with, together with, in addition to, alongside | همراه با یا علاوه بر

Answer 75

**in conjunction with** "herbal medicine was used in conjunction with acupuncture and massage" The concert will be held in conjunction with the festival. The medicine is typically used in conjunction with other treatments. in conjunction with a strong longitudinal electric field component, a natural acceleration channel has been demonstrated to exist for a laser beam in a vacuum

Question 76

**in conjunction with** "herbal medicine was used in conjunction with acupuncture and massage" The concert will be held in conjunction with the festival. The medicine is typically used in conjunction with other treatments. in conjunction with a strong longitudinal electric field component, a natural acceleration channel has been demonstrated to exist for a laser beam in a vacuum

Answer 76

(proposition and idiom) in combination with, together with, in addition to, alongside | همراه با یا علاوه بر

Question 77

(v) to block and prevent movement, progress, success (to block or get in the way of something or someone, or to prevent something from happening or progressing by causing difficulties) | مسدود کردن، مانغ شدن

Answer 77

**obstruct** Demonstrators obstructed the entrance to the building. Trees obstructed our view of the ocean. she was obstructing the entrance "they had to alter the course of the stream and obstruct the natural flow of the water" "fears that the regime would obstruct the distribution of food" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : obstruct ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obstruction ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : obstruct​ive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obstruct​ively | = block, stop, prevent

Question 78

**obstruct** Demonstrators obstructed the entrance to the building. Trees obstructed our view of the ocean. she was obstructing the entrance "they had to alter the course of the stream and obstruct the natural flow of the water" "fears that the regime would obstruct the distribution of food" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : obstruct ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obstruction ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : obstruct​ive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obstruct​ively

Answer 78

(v) to block and prevent movement, progress, success (to block or get in the way of something or someone, or to prevent something from happening or progressing by causing difficulties) | مسدود کردن، مانغ شدن

Question 79

(adj) energetic, bright, and full of life or excitement

Answer 79

**vibrant** The city is youthful, vibrant – an exciting place. Flowers of vibrant colors were on each table. a vibrant personality a vibrant city ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vibrance ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vibrant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vibrant​ly

Question 80

**vibrant** The city is youthful, vibrant – an exciting place. Flowers of vibrant colors were on each table. a vibrant personality a vibrant city ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vibrance ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vibrant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vibrant​ly

Answer 80

(adj) energetic, bright, and full of life or excitement

Question 81

(n) energy and strength | انرژی و قدرت

Answer 81

**vitality** According to the packet, these vitamin pills will restore lost vitality. "changes that will give renewed vitality to our democracy" youthful vitality The new factory should improve the economic vitality of the region. فعل ( verb ) : vitalize اسم ( noun ) : vitality صفت ( adjective ) : vital قید ( adverb ) : vitally

Question 82

**vitality** According to the packet, these vitamin pills will restore lost vitality. "changes that will give renewed vitality to our democracy" youthful vitality The new factory should improve the economic vitality of the region. فعل ( verb ) : vitalize اسم ( noun ) : vitality صفت ( adjective ) : vital قید ( adverb ) : vitally

Answer 82

(n) energy and strength | انرژی و قدرت

Question 83

(adj) (esp. of a woman or girl) full of energy and enthusiasm | سرزنده ، بانشاط و خوشحال بطوریکه خیلی دلربا و جذاب باشه

Answer 83

**vivacious** Judy Garland was bright and vivacious, with a vibrant singing voice. "her vivacious and elegant mother" فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : vivacity صفت ( adjective ) : vivacious قید ( adverb ) : vivaciously

Question 84

**vivacious** Judy Garland was bright and vivacious, with a vibrant singing voice. "her vivacious and elegant mother" فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : vivacity صفت ( adjective ) : vivacious قید ( adverb ) : vivaciously

Answer 84

(adj) (esp. of a woman or girl) full of energy and enthusiasm | سرزنده ، بانشاط و خوشحال بطوریکه خیلی دلربا و جذاب باشه

Question 85

(v) to scatter or move away over a large area, or to make something do this | متفرق و پراکنده کردن یا شدن

Answer 85

**disperse** When the rain came down the crowds started to disperse. Police dispersed the crowd that had gathered. It took several hours for the crowd to disperse. فعل ( verb ) : disperse اسم ( noun ) : dispersal / dispersion صفت ( adjective ) :dispersed قید ( adverb ) :

Question 86

**disperse** When the rain came down the crowds started to disperse. Police dispersed the crowd that had gathered. It took several hours for the crowd to disperse. فعل ( verb ) : disperse اسم ( noun ) : dispersal / dispersion صفت ( adjective ) :dispersed قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 86

(v) to scatter or move away over a large area, or to make something do this | متفرق و پراکنده کردن یا شدن

Question 87

(v) escape from or avoid (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a skilful or cunning way. (v) (of an achievement or something desired) fail to be attained by (someone). | دم به تله ندادن یا قسر در رفتن ، از زیر دست در رفتن و از دست دادن

Answer 87

**elude** "he tried to elude the security men by sneaking through a back door" The bear that had eluded capture for so long was caught at last. ........................................... It was simply her misfortune that an Olympic medal eluded her in 1988. They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : elude ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elusiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elusive = difficult to find, catch, or achieve. ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : elusively ........................................ **elusive** **difficult to describe, find, achieve, catch, or remember**. * "success will become ever more elusive" * The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. * Success, however, remained elusive for her. * elusive memories در مورد انسان یا حیوان: کمیاب در مورد نتایج : دور از دسترس، سخت دست یافتنی در مورد نظرات و افکار: مبهم elusive memories : خاطرات فرّار ( بسختی به یاد آورده می شوند ) elusive questions : سئوالات سخت ( پاسخشان به سختی بدست می آید ) elusive numbers : اعداد پیچیده، اعداد متغیر، اعداد نامعلوم ( سخت بدست می آیند )

Question 88

**elude** "he tried to elude the security men by sneaking through a back door" The bear that had eluded capture for so long was caught at last. ........................................... It was simply her misfortune that an Olympic medal eluded her in 1988. They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : elude ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elusiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elusive = difficult to find, catch, or achieve. ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : elusively ........................................ **elusive** **difficult to describe, find, achieve, catch, or remember**. * "success will become ever more elusive" * The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. * Success, however, remained elusive for her. * elusive memories در مورد انسان یا حیوان: کمیاب در مورد نتایج : دور از دسترس، سخت دست یافتنی در مورد نظرات و افکار: مبهم elusive memories : خاطرات فرّار ( بسختی به یاد آورده می شوند ) elusive questions : سئوالات سخت ( پاسخشان به سختی بدست می آید ) elusive numbers : اعداد پیچیده، اعداد متغیر، اعداد نامعلوم ( سخت بدست می آیند ) | دم به تله ندادن یا قسر در رفتن ، از زیر دست در رفتن و از دست دادن

Answer 88

(v) escape from or avoid (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a skilful or cunning way. (v) (of an achievement or something desired) fail to be attained by (someone).

Question 89

(adj) difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember ## Footnote در مورد انسان یا حیوان: کمیاب در مورد نتایج : دور از دسترس، سخت دست یافتنی در مورد نظرات و افکار: مبهم

Answer 89

**elusive** * "success will become ever more elusive" * The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. * Success, however, remained elusive for her. * elusive memories در مورد انسان یا حیوان: کمیاب در مورد نتایج : دور از دسترس، سخت دست یافتنی در مورد نظرات و افکار: مبهم elusive memories : خاطرات فرّار ( بسختی به یاد آورده می شوند ) elusive questions : سئوالات سخت ( پاسخشان به سختی بدست می آید ) elusive numbers : اعداد پیچیده، اعداد متغیر، اعداد نامعلوم ( سخت بدست می آیند )

Question 90

**elusive** * "success will become ever more elusive" * The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. * Success, however, remained elusive for her. * elusive memories elusive memories : elusive questions : elusive numbers :

Answer 90

(adj) difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember ## Footnote در مورد انسان یا حیوان: کمیاب در مورد نتایج : دور از دسترس، سخت دست یافتنی در مورد نظرات و افکار: مبهم

Question 91

(adv) in a clearly visible way; noticeably | به طور آشکار

Answer 91

**conspicuously** The temple's grand white arches rose conspicuously over the dirty decaying city. Ms Andrews was conspicuously absent from the event ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conspicuousness = conspicuity = the quality of being noticeable or easy to see آشکار بودن ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conspicuous = very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted اشکار ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conspicuously | = noticeably

Question 92

**conspicuously** The temple's grand white arches rose conspicuously over the dirty decaying city. Ms Andrews was conspicuously absent from the event ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conspicuousness = conspicuity = the quality of being noticeable or easy to see آشکار بودن ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conspicuous = very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted اشکار ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conspicuously

Answer 92

(adv) in a clearly visible way; noticeably | به طور آشکار

Question 93

(adj) existing commonly or happening frequently (widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.) | رایج

Answer 93

**prevalent** These diseases are more prevalent among young children. Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent. Drought conditions have been prevalent across the area for several years. **(n) prevalence**

Question 94

**prevalent** These diseases are more prevalent among young children. Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent. Drought conditions have been prevalent across the area for several years. **(n) prevalence**

Answer 94

(adj) existing commonly or happening frequently (widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.) | رایج

Question 95

(v) to get control or influence (prove more powerful or superior.) (v) to be common among a group of people or area at a particular time | غلبه کردن ؛ رواج داشتن

Answer 95

**prevail** I am sure that common sense will prevail in the end. And did reason **prevail over** (= become a more powerful influence than) emotion? "it is hard for logic to prevail over emotion" Let’s hope that common sense prevails. In spite of injuries, our team prevailed and went on to win. .................................. This attitude still **prevails among** the middle classes. an ancient tradition that still prevails This attitude still prevails among the middle classes فعل ( verb ) : prevail اسم ( noun ) : prevalence صفت ( adjective ) : prevailing / prevalent قید ( adverb ) : _ ......................... **prevailing** **existing and accepted in a particular place or at a particular time** غالب، حاکم * the prevailing attitude * The prevailing mood is one of optimism. * The prevailing view is that economic growth is likely to slow down. * "the unfavourable prevailing economic conditions" * "the prevailing mood within Whitehall circles"

Question 96

**prevail** I am sure that common sense will prevail in the end. And did reason **prevail over** (= become a more powerful influence than) emotion? "it is hard for logic to prevail over emotion" Let’s hope that common sense prevails. In spite of injuries, our team prevailed and went on to win. .................................. This attitude still **prevails among** the middle classes. an ancient tradition that still prevails This attitude still prevails among the middle classes فعل ( verb ) : prevail اسم ( noun ) : prevalence صفت ( adjective ) : prevailing / prevalent قید ( adverb ) : _ ......................... **prevailing** **existing and accepted in a particular place or at a particular time** غالب، حاکم * the prevailing attitude * The prevailing mood is one of optimism. * The prevailing view is that economic growth is likely to slow down. * "the unfavourable prevailing economic conditions" * "the prevailing mood within Whitehall circles"

Answer 96

(v) to get control or influence (prove more powerful or superior.) (v) to be common among a group of people or area at a particular time | غلبه کردن ؛ رواج داشتن

Question 97

(adj) difficult and tiring, or needing a great deal of effort and energy | پر زحمت و طاقت فرسا

Answer 97

**arduous** an arduous climb/task/journey Despite all this, completing the book - though immensely rewarding - is an arduous undertaking. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : arduousness پر زحمتی و طاقت فرسایی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : arduous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : arduously

Question 98

**arduous** an arduous climb/task/journey Despite all this, completing the book - though immensely rewarding - is an arduous undertaking. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : arduousness پر زحمتی و طاقت فرسایی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : arduous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : arduously

Answer 98

(adj) difficult and tiring, or needing a great deal of effort and energy | پر زحمت و طاقت فرسا

Question 99

(v) resist or refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc. | سرپیچی کردن

Answer 99

**defy** It is rare to see children openly defying their teachers. A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike. The fact that aircraft don't fall out of the sky always seems to me to defy (= act against) the law of gravity. A forest fire raging in southern California is defying (= is not changed by) all attempts to control it. فعل ( verb ) : defy اسم ( noun ) : defiance صفت ( adjective ) : defiant= clearly refusing to do what someone tells you to do(refusing to obey) سرکش قید ( adverb ) : defiantly ................................................................... **defy belief/description/analysis/analysis** be of such a kind or nature that (a specified attitude or action) is almost impossible. غیر قابل . . . بودن The chaos at the airport defies description. Defy belief: غیرقابل باور بودن Defy analysis: غیرقابل تحلیل بودن Defy description: غیرقابل توصیف بودن defy analysis: غیرقابل توضیح بودن ........................................ **defy someone to do something** = challange or dare sb to do sth to tell someone to do something that you think will be impossible I defy you to prove your accusations. I defy you to find a better cup of coffee anywhere in this city. I defy you to read this description without laughing. I defy you to tell where I've painted over the scratch on my car. She defied me to come up with a more plausible explanation.

Question 100

**defy** It is rare to see children openly defying their teachers. A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike. The fact that aircraft don't fall out of the sky always seems to me to defy (= act against) the law of gravity. A forest fire raging in southern California is defying (= is not changed by) all attempts to control it. فعل ( verb ) : defy اسم ( noun ) : defiance صفت ( adjective ) : defiant= clearly refusing to do what someone tells you to do(refusing to obey) سرکش قید ( adverb ) : defiantly ................................................................... **defy belief/description/analysis/analysis** be of such a kind or nature that (a specified attitude or action) is almost impossible. غیر قابل . . . بودن The chaos at the airport defies description. Defy belief: غیرقابل باور بودن Defy analysis: غیرقابل تحلیل بودن Defy description: غیرقابل توصیف بودن defy analysis: غیرقابل توضیح بودن ........................................ **defy someone to do something** = challange or dare sb to do sth to tell someone to do something that you think will be impossible I defy you to prove your accusations. I defy you to find a better cup of coffee anywhere in this city. I defy you to read this description without laughing. I defy you to tell where I've painted over the scratch on my car. She defied me to come up with a more plausible explanation.

Answer 100

(v) resist or refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc. | سرپیچی کردن

Question 101

(v) to stick or be attached firmly to a surface (v) to continue to obey a rule, believe in, or support something, esp. a custom or belief: | چسبیدن ( به ) ؛ پایبند بودن ( به )

Answer 101

**adhere** Glue won’t adhere to any surface that’s wet. .................................... She adhered to her principles/ideals throughout her life. They failed to adhere to the terms of the agreement/treaty. The translator has obviously adhered very strictly to the original text. College coaches have to adhere to the rules about recruiting high school students. فعل ( verb ) : adhere اسم ( noun ) : adherence / adherent = someone who supports a particular party, person, or set of ideas. صفت ( adjective ) : - قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 102

**adhere** Glue won’t adhere to any surface that’s wet. .................................... She adhered to her principles/ideals throughout her life. They failed to adhere to the terms of the agreement/treaty. The translator has obviously adhered very strictly to the original text. College coaches have to adhere to the rules about recruiting high school students. فعل ( verb ) : adhere اسم ( noun ) : adherence / adherent = someone who supports a particular party, person, or set of ideas. صفت ( adjective ) : - قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 102

(v) to stick or be attached firmly to a surface (v) to continue to obey a rule, believe in, or support something, esp. a custom or belief: | چسبیدن ( به ) ؛ پایبند بودن ( به )

Question 103

(v) to act according and obey an order, rule, or request | مطابق با .... عمل کردن ## Footnote تبعیت کردن ، پیروی کردن ، اطاعت کردن، فرمانبردار ی کردن

Answer 103

**comply** He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply. **comply with** There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations. Comosa says he will comply with the judge’s ruling. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : comply ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : compliance / compliancy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : compliant مطیع، فرمانبردار ( در مورد انسان ) ● سازگار ( در مورد تجهیزات و غیره ) ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : compliantly

Question 104

**comply** He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply. **comply with** There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations. Comosa says he will comply with the judge’s ruling. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : comply ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : compliance / compliancy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : compliant مطیع، فرمانبردار ( در مورد انسان ) ● سازگار ( در مورد تجهیزات و غیره ) ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : compliantly

Answer 104

(v) to act according and obey an order, rule, or request | مطابق با .... عمل کردن ## Footnote تبعیت کردن ، پیروی کردن ، اطاعت کردن، فرمانبردار ی کردن

Question 105

(adv) in a careful, polite manner (in a way that is careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret) | چراغ خاموش، طوری که دیگران نفهمن ، با ملاحظه و احتباط

Answer 105

**discreetly** The removal of the waste is done discreetly. She very discreetly corrected him about his mistake. The cables can be discreetly placed out of sight. "he discreetly inquired whether the position was still available" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discretion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discreet = careful not to cause embarrassment or attract a lot of attention / discretionary = available to someone by choice, without having to get permission or authority اختیاری ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : discreetly ....................................................... **discretion** the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information * "she knew she could rely on his discretion" the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation * "local authorities should use their discretion in setting the charges" ............................................................. **discreet** **careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret** محتاطانه،محتاط ، نامحسوس * The family made discreet enquiries about his background. * They are very good assistants, very discreet - they wouldn't go talking to the press. * She hung the laundry on a line in a discreet corner of the yard. * There was a discreet knock on the door.

Question 106

**discreetly** The removal of the waste is done discreetly. She very discreetly corrected him about his mistake. The cables can be discreetly placed out of sight. "he discreetly inquired whether the position was still available" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discretion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discreet = careful not to cause embarrassment or attract a lot of attention / discretionary = available to someone by choice, without having to get permission or authority اختیاری ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : discreetly ....................................................... **discretion** the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information * "she knew she could rely on his discretion" the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation * "local authorities should use their discretion in setting the charges" ............................................................. **discreet** **careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret** محتاطانه،محتاط ، نامحسوس * The family made discreet enquiries about his background. * They are very good assistants, very discreet - they wouldn't go talking to the press. * She hung the laundry on a line in a discreet corner of the yard. * There was a discreet knock on the door.

Answer 106

(adv) in a careful, polite manner (in a way that is careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret) | چراغ خاموش، طوری که دیگران نفهمن ، با ملاحظه و احتباط

Question 107

(adj) clearly separate or different in shape or form | مختص به خود، مجزا، مجزا

Answer 107

**discrete** These small companies now have their own discrete identity. This area has four discrete neighborhoods centered around a school. "speech sounds are produced as a continuous sound signal rather than discrete units" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discreteness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discrete ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : discretely | = separateو distinctو individual

Question 108

**discrete** These small companies now have their own discrete identity. This area has four discrete neighborhoods centered around a school. "speech sounds are produced as a continuous sound signal rather than discrete units" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discreteness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discrete ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : discretely

Answer 108

(adj) clearly separate or different in shape or form | مختص به خود، مجزا، مجزا

Question 109

(v) to fail to include or do something (leave out or exclude (someone or something), either intentionally or forgetfully.) | حذف کردن، از قلم انداختن

Answer 109

**omit** She was omitted from the list of contributors to the report. The Prince's tour conveniently omitted the most deprived areas of the city. She omitted to mention that she would be away next week. I’d be upset if my name were omitted from the list of contributors. "he was omitted from the second Test" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : omit ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : omission ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : omitted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = leave out, neglect

Question 110

**omit** She was omitted from the list of contributors to the report. The Prince's tour conveniently omitted the most deprived areas of the city. She omitted to mention that she would be away next week. I’d be upset if my name were omitted from the list of contributors. "he was omitted from the second Test" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : omit ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : omission ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : omitted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 110

(v) to fail to include or do something (leave out or exclude (someone or something), either intentionally or forgetfully.) | حذف کردن، از قلم انداختن

Question 111

(phrasal verb) to stop considering something as a possibility (phrasal verb) to make impossible or prevent something from happening ## Footnote 1- رد کردن، غیر محتمل پنداشتن، نپذیرفتن 2-غیر ممکن کردن، نامیسر کردن،جلوگیری کردن، ممنوع ساختن

Answer 111

**rule out** It’s unlikely that he’ll run for president, but you can never rule anything out. The police haven't yet ruled out murder. I won't rule out a June election. The police have not ruled him out as a suspect. ....................................................... This recent wave of terrorism has ruled out any chance of peace talks. The warehouse fire has ruled out any chance that we will make a profit this year.

Question 112

**rule out** It’s unlikely that he’ll run for president, but you can never rule anything out. The police haven't yet ruled out murder. I won't rule out a June election. The police have not ruled him out as a suspect. ....................................................... This recent wave of terrorism has ruled out any chance of peace talks. The warehouse fire has ruled out any chance that we will make a profit this year.

Answer 112

(phrasal verb) to stop considering something as a possibility (phrasal verb) to make impossible or prevent something from happening ## Footnote 1- رد کردن، غیر محتمل پنداشتن، نپذیرفتن 2-غیر ممکن کردن، نامیسر کردن،جلوگیری کردن، ممنوع ساختن

Question 113

(adj) (of a person or organization) seeking to promote the welfare of others. helping poor people, especially by giving them money | بشردوستانه

Answer 113

**philanthropic** He is known for his philanthropic work for children in Africa. philanthropic organizations/projects/ventures "they receive financial support from philanthropic bodies" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : philanthropy / philanthropist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : philanthropic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : philanthropically | = humanitarian

Question 114

**philanthropic** He is known for his philanthropic work for children in Africa. philanthropic organizations/projects/ventures "they receive financial support from philanthropic bodies" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : philanthropy / philanthropist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : philanthropic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : philanthropically

Answer 114

(adj) (of a person or organization) seeking to promote the welfare of others. helping poor people, especially by giving them money | بشردوستانه

Question 115

(v) force or oblige (someone) to do something. | مجبور کردن یا وادار کردن

Answer 115

**compel** As a schoolboy he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter. The new circumstances compelled a change in policy. "a sense of duty compelled Harry to answer her questions" "they may compel a witness's attendance at court by issue of a summons" فعل ( verb ) : compel اسم ( noun ) : compulsion صفت ( adjective ) : compulsive / compulsory / compelling قید ( adverb ) : compulsively / compulsorily / compellingly ................................................................... **(adj) compulsive (adv) compulsively** *having a very strong desire to do something repeatedly and unable to stop doing it* * a compulsive liar/thief/eater/shopper * compulsive gambling/eating * a compulsive eating disorder * He is compulsively neat. وسواس گونه ........................................................................... **(adj) compulsory اجباری (adv) compulsory** (*of something) that must be done; necessary by law or a rule= obligatory=mandatory* * compulsory military service * Swimming was compulsory at my school. * The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory. .......................................................................... **(adj) compelling قانع کننده (adv) compellingly** *persuasive and makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong=convincing=persuasive* * compelling evidence * It's a fairly compelling argument for going. | =force, oblige

Question 116

**compel** As a schoolboy he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter. The new circumstances compelled a change in policy. "a sense of duty compelled Harry to answer her questions" "they may compel a witness's attendance at court by issue of a summons" فعل ( verb ) : compel اسم ( noun ) : compulsion صفت ( adjective ) : compulsive / compulsory / compelling قید ( adverb ) : compulsively / compulsorily / compellingly ................................................................... **(adj) compulsive (adv) compulsively** *having a very strong desire to do something repeatedly and unable to stop doing it* a compulsive liar/thief/eater/shopper compulsive gambling/eating a compulsive eating disorder He is compulsively neat. وسواس گونه ........................................................................... **(adj) compulsory اجباری (adv) compulsory** (*of something) that must be done; necessary by law or a rule= obligatory=mandatory* compulsory military service Swimming was compulsory at my school. The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory. .......................................................................... **(adj) compelling قانع کننده (adv) compellingly** *persuasive and makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong=convincing=persuasive* compelling evidence It's a fairly compelling argument for going.

Answer 116

(v) force or oblige (someone) to do something. | مجبور کردن یا وادار کردن

Question 117

(v) to order or tell someone to do something, especially in a formal way (v) to teach someone how to do something | دستور دادن - آموزش دادن

Answer 117

**instruct** The police have been instructed to patrol the building and surrounding area. "she instructed him to wait" The police have been instructed not to let anyone leave the area. ..................................................... **instruct someone in something** He works in a sports centre instructing people in the use of the gym equipment. "he instructed them in the use of firearms" I need someone to instruct me on how to use the computer. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : instruct ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : instruction / instructor ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : instructional آموزشی / instruction / instructive آموزنده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : instructively | = enlighten

Question 118

**instruct** The police have been instructed to patrol the building and surrounding area. "she instructed him to wait" The police have been instructed not to let anyone leave the area. ..................................................... **instruct someone in something** He works in a sports centre instructing people in the use of the gym equipment. "he instructed them in the use of firearms" I need someone to instruct me on how to use the computer. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : instruct ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : instruction / instructor ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : instructional آموزشی / instruction / instructive آموزنده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : instructively

Answer 118

(v) to order or tell someone to do something, especially in a formal way (v) to teach someone how to do something | دستور دادن - آموزش دادن

Question 119

(n) a great victory or success or achievement.(a complete victory or success achieved esp. after great difficulties, making the result particularly satisfying) (v) to have a very great success or victory | موفقیت - پیروزی

Answer 119

**triumph** "a garden built to celebrate Napoleon's many triumphs" The book celebrates the hostages' remarkable triumph over appalling adversity. The signing of the agreement was a personal triumph for the prime minister. It was the Republican Party's third election triumph in a row. The eradication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine's greatest triumphs. The constitutional changes have been hailed as a triumph for democracy. The game ended in triumph for the home team. ........................................................................... **triumph over** I believe that sooner or later good must triumph over evil. The Democrats once again triumphed in recent elections. We visited Yorktown Battlefield on the York River, where in 1781 George Washington’s forces triumphed over the English army. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : triumph ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : triumph ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : triumphal پیروزمندانه/ triumphant پیروز ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : triumphantly

Question 120

**triumph** "a garden built to celebrate Napoleon's many triumphs" The book celebrates the hostages' remarkable triumph over appalling adversity. The signing of the agreement was a personal triumph for the prime minister. It was the Republican Party's third election triumph in a row. The eradication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine's greatest triumphs. The constitutional changes have been hailed as a triumph for democracy. The game ended in triumph for the home team. ........................................................................... **triumph over** I believe that sooner or later good must triumph over evil. The Democrats once again triumphed in recent elections. We visited Yorktown Battlefield on the York River, where in 1781 George Washington’s forces triumphed over the English army. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : triumph ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : triumph ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : triumphal پیروزمندانه/ triumphant پیروز ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : triumphantly

Answer 120

(n) a great victory or success or achievement.(a complete victory or success achieved esp. after great difficulties, making the result particularly satisfying) (v) to have a very great success or victory | موفقیت - پیروزی

Question 121

(adj) too slight or small in amount to be important; insignificant | ناچیز، جزئی، قابل چشم پوشی

Answer 121

**negligible** The difference between the two products is negligible. My knowledge of German is negligible. The effect on sales was negligible. "he said that the risks were negligible" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : neglect ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : neglect / negligence = the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something سهل انگاری - غفلت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : neglected نادیده گرفته شده است / neglectful= کوتاهی کننده، فروگذار، غافل ،سهل انگار / negligent / negligible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : negligently .................................................. **neglect** **(v) to fail to give needed care or attention to someone or something** غافل شدن-بی توجهی کردن-فراموش کردن انجام کاری-اهمال کردن * She had neglected the program and allowed student interest in it to fall off. * He neglected to tell his employer that he would be taking the day off. * I'd neglected to give him the name of the hotel where I'd be staying. * She's been neglecting her studies this semester. * He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention. **(n) a situation in which you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention** غفلت-بی توجهی Both parents were found guilty of neglect and their child was taken away from them. Over the years the church has fallen into a state of neglect. The park was in a sorry state of neglect. ....................................................... **(adj) negligent (adv) negligently (n) negligence** failing to be careful enough or to give enough attention to your responsibilities, esp. when this results in harm or loss to others سهل انگار The judge said that the teacher had been negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerous water. She charged her landlord with negligence for not repairing leaks that ruined her rugs. "the council had been negligent in its supervision of the children in care"

Question 122

**negligible** The difference between the two products is negligible. My knowledge of German is negligible. The effect on sales was negligible. "he said that the risks were negligible" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : neglect ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : neglect / negligence = the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something سهل انگاری - غفلت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : neglected نادیده گرفته شده است / neglectful= کوتاهی کننده، فروگذار، غافل ،سهل انگار / negligent / negligible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : negligently .................................................. **neglect** **(v) to fail to give needed care or attention to someone or something** غافل شدن-بی توجهی کردن-فراموش کردن انجام کاری-اهمال کردن * She had neglected the program and allowed student interest in it to fall off. * He neglected to tell his employer that he would be taking the day off. * I'd neglected to give him the name of the hotel where I'd be staying. * She's been neglecting her studies this semester. * He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention. **(n) a situation in which you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention** غفلت-بی توجهی Both parents were found guilty of neglect and their child was taken away from them. Over the years the church has fallen into a state of neglect. The park was in a sorry state of neglect. ....................................................... **(adj) negligent (adv) negligently (n) negligence** failing to be careful enough or to give enough attention to your responsibilities, esp. when this results in harm or loss to others سهل انگار The judge said that the teacher had been negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerous water. She charged her landlord with negligence for not repairing leaks that ruined her rugs. "the council had been negligent in its supervision of the children in care"

Answer 122

(adj) too slight or small in amount to be important; insignificant | ناچیز، جزئی، قابل چشم پوشی

Question 123

(v) to fail to give needed care or attention to someone or something (n) a situation in which you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention | غافل شدن-بی توجهی کردن-فراموش کردن انجام کاری-اهمال کردن / غفلت-بی توجهی

Answer 123

**neglect** * She had neglected the program and allowed student interest in it to fall off. * He neglected to tell his employer that he would be taking the day off. * I'd neglected to give him the name of the hotel where I'd be staying. * She's been neglecting her studies this semester. * He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention. **(n) a situation in which you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention** غفلت-بی توجهی * Both parents were found guilty of neglect and their child was taken away from them. * Over the years the church has fallen into a state of neglect. * The park was in a sorry state of neglect. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : neglect ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : neglect / negligence = the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something سهل انگاری - غفلت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : neglected نادیده گرفته شده است / neglectful= کوتاهی کننده، فروگذار، غافل ،سهل انگار / negligent / negligible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : negligently ....................................................... **(adj) negligent (adv) negligently (n) negligence** **failing to be careful enough or to give enough attention to your responsibilities, esp. when this results in harm or loss to others** سهل انگار * The judge said that the teacher had been negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerous water. * She charged her landlord with negligence for not repairing leaks that ruined her rugs. * "the council had been negligent in its supervision of the children in care"

Question 124

**neglect** * She had neglected the program and allowed student interest in it to fall off. * He neglected to tell his employer that he would be taking the day off. * I'd neglected to give him the name of the hotel where I'd be staying. * She's been neglecting her studies this semester. * He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention. **(n) a situation in which you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention** غفلت-بی توجهی * Both parents were found guilty of neglect and their child was taken away from them. * Over the years the church has fallen into a state of neglect. * The park was in a sorry state of neglect. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : neglect ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : neglect / negligence = the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something سهل انگاری - غفلت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : neglected نادیده گرفته شده است / neglectful= کوتاهی کننده، فروگذار، غافل ،سهل انگار / negligent / negligible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : negligently ....................................................... **(adj) negligent (adv) negligently (n) negligence** **failing to be careful enough or to give enough attention to your responsibilities, esp. when this results in harm or loss to others** سهل انگار * The judge said that the teacher had been negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerous water. * She charged her landlord with negligence for not repairing leaks that ruined her rugs. * "the council had been negligent in its supervision of the children in care"

Answer 124

(v) to fail to give needed care or attention to someone or something (n) a situation in which you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention | غافل شدن-بی توجهی کردن-فراموش کردن انجام کاری-اهمال کردن / غفلت-بی توجهی

Question 125

(adj) long and tiring | خسته کننده به خاطر طولانی بودن

Answer 125

**tedious** a tedious job/journey/work/tasks The problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious. Learning a new computer program can be a tedious process. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tedium = tediousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tedious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tediously | = monotonous, boring, mundane

Question 126

**tedious** a tedious job/journey/work/tasks The problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious. Learning a new computer program can be a tedious process. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tedium = tediousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tedious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tediously

Answer 126

(adj) long and tiring | خسته کننده به خاطر طولانی بودن

Question 127

(adj) boring because of not changing | خسته کننده به خاطر یکنواختی و تکراری بودن

Answer 127

**monotonous** a monotonous job a monotonous voice The music became monotonous after a while. "the statistics that he quotes with monotonous regularity" She stood all day ironing a monotonous succession of clothes and sheets. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : monotone=a sound or voice that stays on the same note صدای یکنواخت / monotony= boring sameness=یکسانی و یکنواختی خسته کننده ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : monotonous / monotonic یکنواخت(صدا) ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : monotonously / monotonically

Question 128

**monotonous** a monotonous job a monotonous voice The music became monotonous after a while. "the statistics that he quotes with monotonous regularity" She stood all day ironing a monotonous succession of clothes and sheets. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : monotone=a sound or voice that stays on the same note صدای یکنواخت / monotony= boring sameness=یکسانی و یکنواختی خسته کننده ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : monotonous / monotonic یکنواخت(صدا) ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : monotonously / monotonically

Answer 128

(adj) boring because of not changing | خسته کننده به خاطر یکنواختی و تکراری بودن

Question 129

(adj) very ordinary and therefore not interesting | خسته کننده به خاطر معمولی بودن مثل کارهای روزمره یا پیش پا افتاده

Answer 129

**mundane** Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her. The show was just another mundane family sitcom. The day began with the mundane business of getting my white chiffon dress shortened ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mundanity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : mundane ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : mundanely

Question 130

**mundane** Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her. The show was just another mundane family sitcom. The day began with the mundane business of getting my white chiffon dress shortened ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mundanity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : mundane ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : mundanely

Answer 130

(adj) very ordinary and therefore not interesting | خسته کننده به خاطر معمولی بودن مثل کارهای روزمره یا پیش پا افتاده

Question 131

(adv) without forethought (suddenly, without any planning and without considering the effects your actions may have) | بدون فکر قبلی - از روی وسوسه و میل و هوس

Answer 131

**impulsively**= on impulse "avoid reacting impulsively to events around you" At the age of 17 he impulsively decided to leave school. As a child, she was fearless and often acted impulsively. فعل ( verb ) : impel = drive, force, or urge (someone) to do something. وادار کردن = force = push = urge = to persuade اسم ( noun ) : impulsion انگیزه و میل شدید یا دلیلی برای انجام کاری / impulsiveness= behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have جوگیری و نسنجیدگی و شتاب زدگی / impulse میل و هوس و جوگیری صفت ( adjective ) : impulsive قید ( adverb ) : impulsively | = capriciously

Question 132

**impulsively**= on impulse "avoid reacting impulsively to events around you" At the age of 17 he impulsively decided to leave school. As a child, she was fearless and often acted impulsively. فعل ( verb ) : impel = drive, force, or urge (someone) to do something. وادار کردن = force = push = urge = to persuade اسم ( noun ) : impulsion انگیزه و میل شدید یا دلیلی برای انجام کاری / impulsiveness= behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have جوگیری و نسنجیدگی و شتاب زدگی / impulse میل و هوس و جوگیری صفت ( adjective ) : impulsive قید ( adverb ) : impulsively

Answer 132

(adv) without forethought (suddenly, without any planning and without considering the effects your actions may have) | بدون فکر قبلی - از روی وسوسه و میل و هوس

Question 133

(adj) expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words; short and clear | مختصرمفید

Answer 133

**concise** Make your answers clear and concise "a concise account of the country's history" She wrote up a concise summary of the day’s events. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : concision =conciseness صفت ( adjective ) : concise قید ( adverb ) : concisely

Question 134

**concise** Make your answers clear and concise "a concise account of the country's history" She wrote up a concise summary of the day’s events. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : concision =conciseness صفت ( adjective ) : concise قید ( adverb ) : concisely

Answer 134

(adj) expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words; short and clear | مختصرمفید

Question 135

(v) weaken | تضعیف کردن

Answer 135

**debilitate** Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him. "he was severely debilitated by a stomach upset" hard drugs destroy families and debilitate communities فعل ( verb ) : debilitate اسم ( noun ) : debility = physical weakness, especially as a result of illness. ضعف و ناتوانی صفت ( adjective ) : debilitating قید ( adverb ) : _ | = weaken

Question 136

**debilitate** Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him. "he was severely debilitated by a stomach upset" hard drugs destroy families and debilitate communities فعل ( verb ) : debilitate اسم ( noun ) : debility = physical weakness, especially as a result of illness. ضعف و ناتوانی صفت ( adjective ) : debilitating قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 136

(v) weaken | تضعیف کردن

Question 137

(v) to raise something or lift something up (v) to give someone a higher or more important position | بلند کردن یا بالا بردن - ارتقای موقعیت یا رتبه دادن

Answer 137

**elevate** * The platform was elevated by means of hydraulic legs. * "the exercise will naturally elevate your chest and head" * She wore high heels that elevated her a few inches above 5 feet. ............................................................. * They want to elevate the status of teachers. * These factors helped to elevate the town to the position of one of the most beautiful in the country. * **be elevated to something** * He has been elevated to deputy manager. * He was elevated to the chairmanship of the House Armed Services Committee. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : elevate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elevation / elevator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elevated / elevating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ .......................................................... **elevated** **(adj) raised up or higher than other things = raised = high or important** بالا،مرتفع، بالاتر از حد معمول * The train runs on an elevated track. * elevated blood sugar levels * She holds a more elevated position in the company.

Question 138

**elevate** * The platform was elevated by means of hydraulic legs. * "the exercise will naturally elevate your chest and head" * She wore high heels that elevated her a few inches above 5 feet. ............................................................. * They want to elevate the status of teachers. * These factors helped to elevate the town to the position of one of the most beautiful in the country. * **be elevated to something** * He has been elevated to deputy manager. * He was elevated to the chairmanship of the House Armed Services Committee. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : elevate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elevation / elevator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elevated / elevating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ .......................................................... **elevated** **(adj) raised up or higher than other things = raised = high or important** بالا،مرتفع، بالاتر از حد معمول * The train runs on an elevated track. * elevated blood sugar levels * She holds a more elevated position in the company.

Answer 138

(v) to raise something or lift something up (v) to give someone a higher or more important position | بلند کردن یا بالا بردن - ارتقای موقعیت یا رتبه دادن

Question 139

(v) to **commit** a crime or a violent or harmful act | مرتکب شدن

Answer 139

**perpetrate** In this country, half of all violent crime is perpetrated by people who have been drinking alcohol. Federal soldiers have been accused of perpetrating atrocities against innocent people. We will find the person who perpetrated this crime. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : perpetrate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : perpetrator / perpetration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : perpetrated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = commit

Question 140

**perpetrate** In this country, half of all violent crime is perpetrated by people who have been drinking alcohol. Federal soldiers have been accused of perpetrating atrocities against innocent people. We will find the person who perpetrated this crime. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : perpetrate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : perpetrator / perpetration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : perpetrated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 140

(v) to **commit** a crime or a violent or harmful act | مرتکب شدن

Question 141

(v) to force something or someone out of its usual or original place (v) to force someone to leave their home, typically because of war, persecution, or natural disaster (v) to start to be used instead of something or someone else; to replace something or someone ## Footnote جابجا کردن (از جای خودش با زور) - آواره کردن - جایگزین چیزی یا کسی شدن = (جای شخص یا چیز دیگر را) گرفتن

Answer 141

**displace** The blow displaced the woman's eardrum and left her partially deaf. ........................................................... The building of a new dam will displace thousands of people who live in this area. ........................................................... Contemporary technoscience has largely displaced these early thermodynamic principles. The next step, the union fears, is for contractors to start fitting parts onto planes on the line, displacing well-paid workers. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : displace ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : displacement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : displace​d ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 142

**displace** The blow displaced the woman's eardrum and left her partially deaf. ........................................................... The building of a new dam will displace thousands of people who live in this area. ........................................................... Contemporary technoscience has largely displaced these early thermodynamic principles. The next step, the union fears, is for contractors to start fitting parts onto planes on the line, displacing well-paid workers. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : displace ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : displacement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : displace​d ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ## Footnote جابجا کردن (از جای خودش با زور) - آواره کردن - جایگزین چیزی یا کسی شدن = (جای شخص یا چیز دیگر را) گرفتن

Answer 142

(v) to force something or someone out of its usual or original place (v) to force someone to leave their home, typically because of war, persecution, or natural disaster (v) to start to be used instead of something or someone else; to replace something or someone

Question 143

(adv) in a way that continues without any possibility of being stopped | بطور اجتناب ناپذیر, بطور ناگزیر

Answer 143

**inexorably** These events led inexorably to war. The bacteria spread inexorably through many insect populations. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inexorability ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inexorable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : inexorably

Question 144

**inexorably** These events led inexorably to war. The bacteria spread inexorably through many insect populations. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inexorability ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inexorable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : inexorably

Answer 144

(adv) in a way that continues without any possibility of being stopped | بطور اجتناب ناپذیر, بطور ناگزیر

Question 145

(n) a small close-knit group of people who do not readily allow others to join them. | اِکیپ دوستی

Answer 145

**clique** Our golf club is run by a very unfriendly clique of people. There's a clique at work that never talks/who never talk to anyone else.

Question 146

**clique** Our golf club is run by a very unfriendly clique of people. There's a clique at work that never talks/who never talk to anyone else.

Answer 146

(n) a small close-knit group of people who do not readily allow others to join them. | اِکیپ دوستی

Question 147

(v) to change from the usual way or established course., or to go in a different direction | منحرف شدن, تبعیت نکردن از مسیر همیشگی یا از نرم

Answer 147

**deviate** He never deviated from his strict vegetarian diet. We need to know when the bus deviates from its scheduled route. "you must not deviate from the agreed route" The recent pattern of weather deviates from the norm for this time of year. فعل ( verb ) : deviate اسم ( noun ) : deviation = deviance = deviancy / deviant آدم منحرف صفت ( adjective ) : deviant = differing from the accepted standard, especially in social or sexual behaviour. منحرف قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 148

**deviate** He never deviated from his strict vegetarian diet. We need to know when the bus deviates from its scheduled route. "you must not deviate from the agreed route" The recent pattern of weather deviates from the norm for this time of year. فعل ( verb ) : deviate اسم ( noun ) : deviation = deviance = deviancy / deviant آدم منحرف صفت ( adjective ) : deviant = differing from the accepted standard, especially in social or sexual behaviour. منحرف قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 148

(v) to change from the usual way or established course., or to go in a different direction | منحرف شدن, تبعیت نکردن از مسیر همیشگی یا از نرم

Question 149

(n) an organization where people do a particular type of scientific, educational, or social work, or the buildings that it uses (v) to start or cause a system, rule, legal action,a scheme, undertaking, or policy, etc. to exist. (to introduce or establish them) | موسسه - شروع به اجرای چیزی کردن ، به اجرا درآوردن;

Answer 149

**institute** "the Institute of Architects" the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ............................................... She is threatening to institute legal proceedings against the hospital. These are some of the safety guidelines we’ve instituted in our hotels. "the state instituted a national lottery"

Question 150

**institute** "the Institute of Architects" the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ............................................... She is threatening to institute legal proceedings against the hospital. These are some of the safety guidelines we’ve instituted in our hotels. "the state instituted a national lottery"

Answer 150

(n) an organization where people do a particular type of scientific, educational, or social work, or the buildings that it uses (v) to start or cause a system, rule, legal action,a scheme, undertaking, or policy, etc. to exist. (to introduce or establish them) | موسسه - شروع به اجزای چیزی کردن ، به اجرا درآوردن;

Question 151

(v) to delay something until a later time; to postpone = postpone = put off =delay (v) to let another person decide, or to accept another person’s opinion, usually because you respect the knowledge or experience of that person ## Footnote به تعویق انداختن - ,محول نمودن و سپردن ( به کس دیگر ) از روی احترام یا اعتماد ، تسلیم شدن

Answer 151

**defer** My bank has agreed to **defer the repayments** on my loan. [ + -ing verb ] Can we defer making a decision until next week? "they deferred the decision until February" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : defer ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deferral = deferment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deferred ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ........................................................... **defer to someone on something** I have to defer to my boss on important decisions. I defer to your judgment. I deferred to Brian on the question of what to serve at the party. "he deferred to Tim's superior knowledge" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : defer ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deference = respect shown for another person esp. because of that person’s experience, knowledge, age, or power ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deferential = polite and showing respect ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : deferentially | =

Question 152

**defer** My bank has agreed to **defer the repayments** on my loan. [ + -ing verb ] Can we defer making a decision until next week? "they deferred the decision until February" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : defer ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deferral = deferment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deferred ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ........................................................... **defer to someone on something** I have to defer to my boss on important decisions. I defer to your judgment. I deferred to Brian on the question of what to serve at the party. "he deferred to Tim's superior knowledge" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : defer ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deference = respect shown for another person esp. because of that person’s experience, knowledge, age, or power ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deferential = polite and showing respect ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : deferentially

Answer 152

(v) to delay something until a later time; to postpone= = postpone = put off =delay (v) to let another person decide, or to accept another person’s opinion, usually because you respect the knowledge or experience of that person | = ## Footnote به تعویق انداختن - ,محول نمودن و سپردن ( به کس دیگر ) از روی احترام یا اعتماد ، تسلیم شدن

Question 153

(adj) happening one after the other without any break | متوالی, پی در پی

Answer 153

**successive** It was the team's fourth successive defeat. He won the World Championship for the third successive year. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : succeed ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : success / succession / successor = someone or something that comes after another person or thing جانشین،جایگزین ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : successive / successful ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : successive​ly / successfully ........................................................................... **succession** **(n) a number of similar events or people that happen, exist, etc. after each other** جانشینی ، توالی succession جانشینی In succession متوالی in quick/rapid/close succession سریع و متوالی A succession of تعدادی، گروهی * A succession of scandals and revelations has undermined the government over the past year. * Life was just an endless succession of parties and dinners. * The five aircraft landed in succession. * At that time, the secretary of state followed the vice president in line of presidential succession (= the order of taking over a position of authority).

Question 154

**successive** It was the team's fourth successive defeat. He won the World Championship for the third successive year. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : succeed ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : success / succession / successor = someone or something that comes after another person or thing جانشین،جایگزین ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : successive / successful ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : successive​ly / successfully ........................................................................... **succession** **(n) a number of similar events or people that happen, exist, etc. after each other** جانشینی ، توالی succession جانشینی In succession متوالی in quick/rapid/close succession سریع و متوالی A succession of تعدادی، گروهی * A succession of scandals and revelations has undermined the government over the past year. * Life was just an endless succession of parties and dinners. * The five aircraft landed in succession. * At that time, the secretary of state followed the vice president in line of presidential succession (= the order of taking over a position of authority).

Answer 154

(adj) happening one after the other without any break | متوالی, پی در پی

Question 155

(v) to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document | اصلاح کردن نوشته (به خصوص قانون یا سند قانونی)

Answer 155

**amend** MPs were urged to amend the law to prevent another oil tanker disaster. In line 20, "men" should be amended (= changed) to "people". Until the constitution is amended, the power to appoint ministers will remain with the president. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : amend ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : amendment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : amendatory / amendable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 156

**amend** MPs were urged to amend the law to prevent another oil tanker disaster. In line 20, "men" should be amended (= changed) to "people". Until the constitution is amended, the power to appoint ministers will remain with the president. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : amend ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : amendment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : amendatory / amendable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 156

(v) to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document | اصلاح کردن نوشته (به خصوص قانون یا سند قانونی)

Question 157

آفت-آفت کش

Answer 157

**pest-pesticide** The pesticides that farmers spray on their crops kill pests, but they can also damage people's health.

Question 158

**pest-pesticide** The pesticides that farmers spray on their crops kill pests, but they can also damage people's health.

Answer 158

آفت-آفت کش

Question 159

(v) to disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explained | غیب شدن، ناپدید شدن

Answer 159

**vanish** My keys were here a minute ago but now they’ve vanished. vanish without (a) trace/vanish off the face of the earth (=disappear so that no sign remains) The youngster vanished without a trace one day and has never been found. The bird vanished from sight. She seemed to have just vanished into thin air (=suddenly disappeared in a very mysterious way). By the 1930s, the wolf had vanished from the American West. Public support for the prime minister has now vanished.

Question 160

**vanish** My keys were here a minute ago but now they’ve vanished. vanish without (a) trace/vanish off the face of the earth (=disappear so that no sign remains) The youngster vanished without a trace one day and has never been found. The bird vanished from sight. She seemed to have just vanished into thin air (=suddenly disappeared in a very mysterious way). By the 1930s, the wolf had vanished from the American West. Public support for the prime minister has now vanished.

Answer 160

(v) to disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explained | غیب شدن، ناپدید شدن

Question 161

(n) the natural area where a plant or animal lives | زیستگاه

Answer 161

**habitat** watching monkeys in their natural habitat

Question 162

**habitat** watching monkeys in their natural habitat

Answer 162

(n) the natural area where a plant or animal lives | زیستگاه

Question 163

(v) to catch (to stop something or someone that is going from one place to another before they get there) | جلوی راه کسی یا چیزی رو گرفتن

Answer 163

**intercept** an attempt to intercept drugs being smuggled over the border His phone calls were intercepted. Law enforcement agents intercepted a shipment of drugs from Central America. Barry intercepted Naylor's pass and scored the third goal. **(n) interception**

Question 164

**intercept** an attempt to intercept drugs being smuggled over the border His phone calls were intercepted. Law enforcement agents intercepted a shipment of drugs from Central America. Barry intercepted Naylor's pass and scored the third goal. **(n) interception**

Answer 164

(v) to catch (to stop something or someone that is going from one place to another before they get there) | جلوی راه کسی یا چیزی رو گرفتن

Question 165

(v) to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true (v) to allow someone to have something, even if you do not want to (surrender or yield (a possession, right, or privilege).) ## Footnote با اکراه اعتراف کردن یا پذیرفتن یا اجازه دادن - پذیرفتن یا قبول کردن اجباری

Answer 165

**concede** [ + (that) ] The government has conceded (that) the new tax policy has been a disaster. [ + speech ] "Well okay, perhaps I was a little hard on her," he conceded. ...................................................................... The president is not expected to concede these reforms. He is not willing to concede any of his power/authority. Britain conceded (= allowed) independence to India in 1947.

Question 166

**concede** [ + (that) ] The government has conceded (that) the new tax policy has been a disaster. [ + speech ] "Well okay, perhaps I was a little hard on her," he conceded. ...................................................................... The president is not expected to concede these reforms. He is not willing to concede any of his power/authority. Britain conceded (= allowed) independence to India in 1947.

Answer 166

(v) to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true (v) to allow someone to have something, even if you do not want to (surrender or yield (a possession, right, or privilege).) ## Footnote با اکراه اعتراف کردن یا پذیرفتن یا اجازه دادن - پذیرفتن یا قبول کردن اجباری

Question 167

(n) the amount of something such as food, breath, or a liquid that is taken in by someone or something | مصرف، ، میزان مصرف

Answer 167

**intake** "your daily intake of calories" the intake of fuel in a vehicle a deep intake of breath

Question 168

**intake** "your daily intake of calories" the intake of fuel in a vehicle a deep intake of breath

Answer 168

(n) the amount of something such as food, breath, or a liquid that is taken in by someone or something | مصرف، ، میزان مصرف

Question 169

(v) to avoid someone or something (v) to ignore someone and not speak to that person because you cannot accept their behaviour, beliefs, etc.: | دوری یا پرهیز کردن - طرد کردن

Answer 169

**shun** She has shunned publicity since she retired from acting. He has shunned his brother for years After the trial he was shunned by friends He decided to shun all alcoholic beverages ................................................. After the trial he was shunned by friends and family alike.

Question 170

**shun** She has shunned publicity since she retired from acting. He has shunned his brother for years After the trial he was shunned by friends He decided to shun all alcoholic beverages ................................................. After the trial he was shunned by friends and family alike.

Answer 170

(v) to avoid someone or something (v) to ignore someone and not speak to that person because you cannot accept their behaviour, beliefs, etc.: | دوری یا پرهیز کردن - طرد کردن

Question 171

(n) a person who is responsible for a crime or other misdeed. | مقصر ، فرد خاطی

Answer 171

**culprit** Police hope the public will help them to find the culprits. Two eyewitnesses identified her as the culprit. The culprit was identified as a microorganism that contaminated mayonnaise.

Question 172

**culprit** Police hope the public will help them to find the culprits. Two eyewitnesses identified her as the culprit. The culprit was identified as a microorganism that contaminated mayonnaise.

Answer 172

(n) a person who is responsible for a crime or other misdeed. | مقصر ، فرد خاطی

Question 173

(v) to surround something (v) place (something) in an envelope together with a letter.

Answer 173

**enclose** The park that encloses the monument has recently been enlarged. "the entire estate was **enclosed with** walls" ..................................................................................... "I enclose a copy of the job description" Please enclose a curriculum vitae with your application.

Question 174

**enclose** The park that encloses the monument has recently been enlarged. "the entire estate was **enclosed with** walls" ..................................................................................... "I enclose a copy of the job description" Please enclose a curriculum vitae with your application.

Answer 174

(v) to surround something (v) place (something) in an envelope together with a letter.

Question 175

(n) an animal that eats meat | حیوان گوشت خوار

Answer 175

**carnivore** Foxes were the only carnivore species seen in the release site. Lions and tigers are carnivores. **(adj) carnivorous** = relating to a person, animal, or other living thing that eats meat گوشت خوار * carnivorous plants * I gave up my carnivorous diet several years ago. * Farmed cod and haddock are carnivorous and need to be fed other sea fish.

Question 176

**carnivore** Foxes were the only carnivore species seen in the release site. Lions and tigers are carnivores. **(adj) carnivorous** = relating to a person, animal, or other living thing that eats meat گوشت خوار * carnivorous plants * I gave up my carnivorous diet several years ago. * Farmed cod and haddock are carnivorous and need to be fed other sea fish.

Answer 176

(n) an animal that eats meat | حیوان گوشت خوار

Question 177

(n) an animal that eats only plants | حیوان گیاه خوار

Answer 177

**herbivore** Cows and sheep are herbivores. During this time, none of the young plants were destroyed by herbivores. **(adj) herbivorous** = (of an animal) eating plants گیاه خوار The iguanadon was a herbivorous dinosaur. Gorillas are primarily herbivorous, eating leaves and stems of shrubs.

Question 178

**herbivore** Cows and sheep are herbivores. During this time, none of the young plants were destroyed by herbivores. **(adj) herbivorous** = (of an animal) eating plants گیاه خوار The iguanadon was a herbivorous dinosaur. Gorillas are primarily herbivorous, eating leaves and stems of shrubs.

Answer 178

(n) an animal that eats only plants | حیوان گیاه خوار

Question 179

(v) (of some animals) to spend the winter sleeping | به خواب زمستانی رفتن

Answer 179

**hibernate** The turtle hibernates in a shallow burrow for six months of the year. In winter the metabolic rate is depressed and the fish hibernate just above freezing level. **(n) hibernation**

Question 180

**hibernate** The turtle hibernates in a shallow burrow for six months of the year. In winter the metabolic rate is depressed and the fish hibernate just above freezing level. **(n) hibernation**

Answer 180

(v) (of some animals) to spend the winter sleeping | به خواب زمستانی رفتن

Question 181

(adj) spending too much money, or using too much of something: (adj) extreme and unreasonable ## Footnote ولخرج (برای آدم) ، ولخرجی (کلمه جدا) ، پرخرج و هزینه و گزاف(یک چیز) ، بی رویه (در مصرف یا استفاده) - بیش از حد - مفرط

Answer 181

**extravagant** **extravagant ....noun.... پرخرج- بی رویه ( در مصرف یا استفاده ) / extravagant of .....sb..... ولخرجی / extravagant ولخرجی** the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star It was very extravagant of you to buy strawberries out of season. He rarely used taxis, which he regarded as extravagant. the extravagant use of packaging on many products ............................................................................ The product does not live up to the extravagant claims of the advertisers. Parents who have extravagant hopes for their children are bound to be disappointed. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : extravagance ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : extravagant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : extravagantly

Question 182

**extravagant** **extravagant ....noun.... پرخرج- بی رویه ( در مصرف یا استفاده ) / extravagant of .....sb..... ولخرجی / extravagant ولخرجی** the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star It was very extravagant of you to buy strawberries out of season. He rarely used taxis, which he regarded as extravagant. the extravagant use of packaging on many products ............................................................................ The product does not live up to the extravagant claims of the advertisers. Parents who have extravagant hopes for their children are bound to be disappointed. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : extravagance ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : extravagant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : extravagantly

Answer 182

(adj) spending too much money, or using too much of something: (adj) extreme and unreasonable ## Footnote ولخرج (برای آدم) ، ولخرجی (کلمه جدا) ، پرخرج و هزینه و گزاف(یک چیز) ، بی رویه (در مصرف یا استفاده) - بیش از حد - مفرط

Question 183

(adj) (of a place) not being lived in or used, or (of a job or office) available for someone to do = **empty and avialable** | خالی

Answer 183

**vacant** We have three vacant apartments in our building. The hospital has no vacant beds. The position fell (= became) vacant when Rodman was promoted. "40 per cent of the offices are still vacant" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : vacate = to leave a place or job position خالی کردن یا کناره گیری کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vacancy = a space or place or a job position that is free and available جای خالی یا فرصت شغلی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vacant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vacantly Hotel guests are requested to **vacate** their rooms by noon. Denis **vacates** his job at the end of the week. The motel was full – we saw the "No **Vacancy**" sign. These companies have a lot of **vacancies** (= jobs) to fill, and they pay well. | = empty,unoccupied,unfilled, free

Question 184

**vacant** We have three vacant apartments in our building. The hospital has no vacant beds. The position fell (= became) vacant when Rodman was promoted. "40 per cent of the offices are still vacant" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : vacate = to leave a place or job position خالی کردن یا کناره گیری کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vacancy = a space or place or a job position that is free and available جای خالی یا فرصت شغلی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vacant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vacantly Hotel guests are requested to **vacate** their rooms by noon. Denis **vacates** his job at the end of the week. The motel was full – we saw the "No **Vacancy**" sign. These companies have a lot of **vacancies** (= jobs) to fill, and they pay well.

Answer 184

(adj) (of a place) not being lived in or used, or (of a job or office) available for someone to do = **empty and avialable** | خالی

Question 185

(adj) not done or happening when expected or when needed; late: | معوق، از موعد گذشته،پرداخت نشده، عقب افتاده

Answer 185

**overdue** My library books are a week overdue. The baby is two weeks overdue (= the baby was expected to be born two weeks ago). Changes to the tax system are long overdue. She feels she's overdue for promotion. | = lateو behind schedule

Question 186

**overdue** My library books are a week overdue. The baby is two weeks overdue (= the baby was expected to be born two weeks ago). Changes to the tax system are long overdue. She feels she's overdue for promotion.

Answer 186

(adj) not done or happening when expected or when needed; late: | معوق، از موعد گذشته،پرداخت نشده، عقب افتاده

Question 187

(n) an important formal meeting between leaders of governments from two or more countries (n) the highest point of a mountain: | قله، اجلاس

Answer 187

**summit** a summit meeting World leaders will meet next week for their annual economic summit. The economic summit did not accomplish all that the President had hoped it would. ............................................................. We climbed to the summit of Mount Rainier.

Question 188

**summit** a summit meeting World leaders will meet next week for their annual economic summit. The economic summit did not accomplish all that the President had hoped it would. ............................................................. We climbed to the summit of Mount Rainier.

Answer 188

(n) an important formal meeting between leaders of governments from two or more countries (n) the highest point of a mountain: | قله، اجلاس

Question 189

(n) height above sea level | ارتفاع از سطح دریا

Answer 189

**altitude** We are currently flying at an altitude of 15,000 metres. Mountain climbers use oxygen when they reach higher altitudes.

Question 190

**altitude** We are currently flying at an altitude of 15,000 metres. Mountain climbers use oxygen when they reach higher altitudes.

Answer 190

(n) height above sea level | ارتفاع از سطح دریا

Question 191

(n) an area of land, esp. when considering its natural features: | زمین، ناحیه

Answer 191

**terrain** "they were delayed by rough terrain" rugged mountain terrain The car handles particularly well on rough terrain. معمولا قتی می خواهند یک صفت به زمین نسبت بدهند ازش استفاده میکنند 1 - زمین ناهموار: rugged terrain = rugged land = rough terrain 2 - زمین بیابانی: desert terrain = desert land 3 - زمین نامساعد: Inhospitable terrain = Inhospitable land mountain terrain | = landو groundو territoryو area

Question 192

**terrain** "they were delayed by rough terrain" rugged mountain terrain The car handles particularly well on rough terrain. معمولا قتی می خواهند یک صفت به زمین نسبت بدهند ازش استفاده میکنند 1 - زمین ناهموار: rugged terrain = rugged land = rough terrain 2 - زمین بیابانی: desert terrain = desert land 3 - زمین نامساعد: Inhospitable terrain = Inhospitable land mountain terrain

Answer 192

(n) an area of land, esp. when considering its natural features: | زمین، ناحیه

Question 193

(v) to cause fresh air to enter and move around an enclosed space | تهویه کردن

Answer 193

**ventilate** Ventilate the room well while applying the paint. I work in a very poorly-ventilated building. Public buildings must be safe, clean, well lighted, and properly ventilated. **(n) ventilation** تهویه **(adj) ventilated** تهویه شده

Question 194

**ventilate** Ventilate the room well while applying the paint. I work in a very poorly-ventilated building. Public buildings must be safe, clean, well lighted, and properly ventilated. **(n) ventilation** تهویه **(adj) ventilated** تهویه شده

Answer 194

(v) to cause fresh air to enter and move around an enclosed space | تهویه کردن

Question 195

باسواد - بی سواد

Answer 195

**literate-illiterate** Only 25% of the country's population is literate. A surprising percentage of the population is illiterate. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : literalize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : (il)literacy سواد / literature ادبیات / (il)literate آدم باسواد-ادیب ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : (il)literate با سواد / literary = relating to literature ادبی ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : literately / literarily به صورت ادبی

Question 196

**literate-illiterate** Only 25% of the country's population is literate. A surprising percentage of the population is illiterate. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : literalize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : (il)literacy سواد / literature ادبیات / (il)literate آدم باسواد-ادیب ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : (il)literate با سواد / literary = relating to literature ادبی ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : literately / literarily به صورت ادبی

Answer 196

باسواد - بی سواد

Question 197

خوانا - ناخوانا

Answer 197

**legible- illegible** Her handwriting is barely legible. illegible handwriting ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : (il)legibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : l(il)egible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : (il)legibly

Question 198

**legible- illegible** Her handwriting is barely legible. illegible handwriting ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : (il)legibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : l(il)egible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : (il)legibly

Answer 198

خوانا - ناخوانا

Question 199

(n) a style, activity, or interest that is very popular for a short period of time: | مد زودگذر ## Footnote (رسم یا مد یا سبک یا رفتار و غیره که برای مدت کوتاهی متداول می شود)

Answer 199

**fad** the latest health fad There was a fad for wearing ripped jeans a few years ago. He thought computers would be just a fad. "some regard green politics as no more than the latest fad"

Question 200

**fad** the latest health fad There was a fad for wearing ripped jeans a few years ago. He thought computers would be just a fad. "some regard green politics as no more than the latest fad"

Answer 200

(n) a style, activity, or interest that is very popular for a short period of time: | مد زودگذر ## Footnote (رسم یا مد یا سبک یا رفتار و غیره که برای مدت کوتاهی متداول می شود)

Question 201

(n) an organized journey for a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, research, or war. | سفر یا گردش با هدف خاص، سفر تحقیقاتی یا اکتشافی یا نظامی

Answer 201

**expedition** e're going on a shopping expedition on Saturday. Scott died while he was on an expedition to the Antarctic in 1912. a military/fishing/hunting expedition "an expedition to the jungles of the Orinoco"

Question 202

**expedition** e're going on a shopping expedition on Saturday. Scott died while he was on an expedition to the Antarctic in 1912. a military/fishing/hunting/scientific expedition "an expedition to the jungles of the Orinoco"

Answer 202

(n) an organized journey for a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, research, or war. | سفر یا گردش با هدف خاص، سفر تحقیقاتی یا اکتشافی یا نظامی

Question 203

# 1 (v,n) tell (someone) officially that they can or must leave a place or situation(esp the armed forces, a prison, a hospital, or a job (v,n) allow (a liquid, gas, or other substance) to flow out from where it has been confined. ## Footnote 1. مرخص کردن، عزل کردن، بیرون کردن - ترخیص،عزل 2. تخلیه کردن - تخلیه

Answer 203

**discharge** Patients were discharged from the hospital because the beds were needed by other people. More than half of all prisoners discharged are reconvicted within two years. A peace protester was conditionally discharged for twelve months (= allowed to go free only if they do not commit a crime again for this period of time). He returned home following his discharge from the Army. ......................................................................... Large amounts of dangerous waste are discharged daily by the factory. The oil that discharged into the sea seriously harmed a lot of birds and animals. Thousands of fish were killed as a result of a discharge of poisonous chemicals from a nearby factory.

Question 204

**discharge** Patients were discharged from the hospital because the beds were needed by other people. More than half of all prisoners discharged are reconvicted within two years. A peace protester was conditionally discharged for twelve months (= allowed to go free only if they do not commit a crime again for this period of time). He returned home following his discharge from the Army. ......................................................................... Large amounts of dangerous waste are discharged daily by the factory. The oil that discharged into the sea seriously harmed a lot of birds and animals. Thousands of fish were killed as a result of a discharge of poisonous chemicals from a nearby factory.

Answer 204

(v,n) tell (someone) officially that they can or must leave a place or situation(esp the armed forces, a prison, a hospital, or a job (v,n) allow (a liquid, gas, or other substance) to flow out from where it has been confined. ## Footnote 1. مرخص کردن، عزل کردن، بیرون کردن - ترخیص،عزل 2. تخلیه کردن - تخلیه

Question 205

(v) to go away or leave, especially on a journey (v) leave (one's job) | رهسپار شدن، عازم شدن - ترک کردن شغل یا سازمانی

Answer 205

**depart** The plane departs at 6 a.m. The bus for Dallas **departs from** the Greyhound-Trailways Terminal. I went to see him, but he had already **departed for** London. ......................................................... "he will soon depart his post as high commissioner to Britain" **(n) departure** **(adj) departed** عازم شده - مرده

Question 206

**depart** The plane departs at 6 a.m. The bus for Dallas **departs from** the Greyhound-Trailways Terminal. I went to see him, but he had already **departed for** London. ......................................................... "he will soon depart his post as high commissioner to Britain" **(n) departure** **(adj) departed** عازم شده - مرده

Answer 206

(v) to go away or leave, especially on a journey (v) leave (one's job) | رهسپار شدن، عازم شدن - ترک کردن شغل یا سازمانی

Question 207

(v) to separate or remove something from something else that it is connected to ant attach | جدا کردن

Answer 207

**detach** You can detach the hood if you prefer the coat without it. **detach something from something** Detach the lower part of the form from this letter and return it to the above address. **(n) detachment**

Question 208

**detach** You can detach the hood if you prefer the coat without it. **detach something from something** Detach the lower part of the form from this letter and return it to the above address. **(n) detachment**

Answer 208

(v) to separate or remove something from something else that it is connected to ant attach | جدا کردن

Question 209

(v) to go onto a ship or aircraft. (v) to start something new or important; begin (a course of action). | سوارکشتی شدن - شروع کردن یک چیز جدید یا مهم

Answer 209

**embark** We embarked at Liverpool for New York. ................................. **embark on/upon something** We're embarking upon a new project later this year. "she embarked on a new career" embark on a campaign/career/plan/programme/project **(n) embarkation** سوار شدن | ANT= disembark پیاده شدن از کشتی / (n) disembarkation

Question 210

**embark** We embarked at Liverpool for New York. ................................. **embark on/upon something** We're embarking upon a new project later this year. "she embarked on a new career" embark on a campaign/career/plan/programme/project **(n) embarkation** سوار شدن | ANT= disembark پیاده شدن از کشتی / (n) disembarkation

Answer 210

(v) to go onto a ship or aircraft. (v) to start something new or important; begin (a course of action). | سوارکشتی شدن - شروع کردن یک چیز جدید یا مهم

Question 211

(v) to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your intelligence or imagination | طراحی کردن،اختراع کردن،ابداع کردن

Answer 211

**devise** A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city He's good at devising language games that you can play with students in class. The cartoon characters Snoopy and Charlie Brown were devised by Charles M. Schultz. "a training programme should be devised" He devised a new way to treat mental depression. The committee is devising an agenda for the upcoming political convention. "a training programme should be devised"

Question 212

**devise** A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city He's good at devising language games that you can play with students in class. The cartoon characters Snoopy and Charlie Brown were devised by Charles M. Schultz. "a training programme should be devised" He devised a new way to treat mental depression. The committee is devising an agenda for the upcoming political convention. "a training programme should be devised"

Answer 212

(v) to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your intelligence or imagination | طراحی کردن،اختراع کردن،ابداع کردن

Question 213

(v) to quickly take something in your hand(s) and hold it firmly (v) to understand something, especially something difficult (n) the act of holding onto someone or something (n) the ability to get, achieve, or keep something: (n) understanding ## Footnote 1- چیزی را گرفتن 2- فهمیدن ، مطلب را گرفتن ( مثلا ما تو فارسی می گیم مطلب رو گرفتی ) ................................................... 3- نون اولی 4- دسترس (توانایی بدست آوردن، دستیابی یا نگه داشتن چیزی) 5- فهم و درک

Answer 213

**grasp** Rosie suddenly grasped my hand. ................................................................................... I think I managed to grasp the main points of the lecture. The government has acknowledged that homelessness is a problem but it has failed to grasp the scale of the problem. ............................................................ He shook my hand with a very firm grasp. ........................................................... **within your grasp** The presidency at last looked within her grasp (= it looked possible that she might become president). **beyond your grasp** Why is success always beyond my grasp (= impossible to get)? **slip from your grasp** The gold medal slipped from his grasp (= he was unable to get it) in the last moments of the race. **lose your grasp on something** I sometimes think that he's losing his grasp on reality (= his ability to judge what is real and what is not). ................................................................ He has a good grasp of the issues.

Question 214

**grasp** Rosie suddenly grasped my hand. ................................................................................... I think I managed to grasp the main points of the lecture. The government has acknowledged that homelessness is a problem but it has failed to grasp the scale of the problem. ............................................................ He shook my hand with a very firm grasp. ........................................................... **within your grasp** The presidency at last looked within her grasp (= it looked possible that she might become president). **beyond your grasp** Why is success always beyond my grasp (= impossible to get)? **slip from your grasp** The gold medal slipped from his grasp (= he was unable to get it) in the last moments of the race. **lose your grasp on something** I sometimes think that he's losing his grasp on reality (= his ability to judge what is real and what is not). ................................................................ He has a good grasp of the issues.

Answer 214

(v) to quickly take something in your hand(s) and hold it firmly (v) to understand something, especially something difficult (n) the act of holding onto someone or something (n) the ability to get, achieve, or keep something: (n) understanding ## Footnote 1- چیزی را گرفتن 2- فهمیدن ، مطلب را گرفتن ( مثلا ما تو فارسی می گیم مطلب رو گرفتی ) ................................................... 3- نون اولی 4- دسترس (توانایی بدست آوردن، دستیابی یا نگه داشتن چیزی) 5- فهم و درک

Question 215

(n) a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair | باورهای منفی ، انگ

Answer 215

**stigma** There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. Being an unmarried mother no longer carries the social stigma that it used to. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : stigmatize =to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of him, her, or it انگ زدن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : stigmatization / stigma ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 216

**stigma** There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. Being an unmarried mother no longer carries the social stigma that it used to. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : stigmatize =to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of him, her, or it انگ زدن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : stigmatization / stigma ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 216

(n) a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair | باورهای منفی ، انگ

Question 217

(adj) pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement: (v) to make someone feel happy and satisfied; satisfy or please (someone). (n) the things that are held or included in something. ## Footnote 1- راضی، خشنود 2- راضی و خشنود کردن 3- محتوا

Answer 217

**content** He seems fairly **content with** (his) life. [ + to infinitive ] They're content to socialize with a very small circle of people. ............................ You're quite easily contented, aren't you? My explanation seemed to content him. ....................................................................... "she unscrewed the top of the flask and drank the contents" "soya milk has a low fat content" "online content providers" **(n) contentment**

Question 218

**content** He seems fairly **content with** (his) life. [ + to infinitive ] They're content to socialize with a very small circle of people. ............................ You're quite easily contented, aren't you? My explanation seemed to content him. ....................................................................... "she unscrewed the top of the flask and drank the contents" "soya milk has a low fat content" "online content providers" **(n) contentment**

Answer 218

(adj) pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement: (v) to make someone feel happy and satisfied; satisfy or please (someone). (n) the things that are held or included in something. ## Footnote 1- راضی، خشنود 2- راضی و خشنود کردن 3- محتوا

Question 219

(adj,n) (usually in law and crime contex) relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult: | نابالغ، نوجوان یا کودک

Answer 219

**juvenile** juvenile crime/offenders/delinquent/delinquency He was later taken to juvenile detention for violating the terms of his parole. ................................... He was still a juvenile when the crime was committed. Some of those programs fail in that they transfer juveniles to adult correctional systems

Question 220

**juvenile** juvenile crime/offenders He was later taken to juvenile detention for violating the terms of his parole. ................................... He was still a juvenile when the crime was committed. Some of those programs fail in that they transfer juveniles to adult correctional systems

Answer 220

(adj,n) (usually in law and crime contex) relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult: | نابالغ، نوجوان یا کودک

Question 221

(v) to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals in a controlled way (v) (of animals) to have sex and produce young animals (v) to cause something to happen, usually something bad (n) a particular type of animal or plant ## Footnote 📐 در جایگاه فعل : پرورش دادن ، تربیت کردن-1- 2- ( مربوط به حیوانات ) تولید مثل کردن ، زاییدن ۳ _ تولید کردن ؛ سبب یا عامل شدن 📐 در جایگاه اسم : نژاد(نوع خاصی از حیوان )

Answer 221

**breed/bred/bred** Terriers are bred for their fighting instincts. His main income comes from breeding cattle. ........................................................ The blackbird, like most birds, breeds in the spring. ................................................................. Favouritism breeds resentment. Some teachers believe that early failures can later breed success. .................................................................. a breed of dog/cat/horse/sheep/cattle What's your favourite breed of dog/dog breed?

Question 222

**breed/bred/bred** Terriers are bred for their fighting instincts. His main income comes from breeding cattle. ........................................................ The blackbird, like most birds, breeds in the spring. ................................................................. Favouritism breeds resentment. Some teachers believe that early failures can later breed success. .................................................................. a breed of dog/cat/horse/sheep/cattle What's your favourite breed of dog/dog breed?

Answer 222

(v) to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals in a controlled way (v) (of animals) to have sex and produce young animals (v) to cause something to happen, usually something bad (n) a particular type of animal or plant ## Footnote 📐 در جایگاه فعل : پرورش دادن ، تربیت کردن-1- 2- ( مربوط به حیوانات ) تولید مثل کردن ، زاییدن ۳ _ تولید کردن ؛ سبب یا عامل شدن 📐 در جایگاه اسم : نژاد(نوع خاصی از حیوان )

Question 223

(v) to care for young children or animals until they are able to care for themselves, or to keep and breed (= produce young from) animals or birds, for example on a farm | بزرگ کردن ( بچه ) - پرورش دادن

Answer 223

**rear** Some women make a deliberate choice to rear a child alone. He describes how these birds rear their young. She reared eight children. "Nigel was born and reared in Bath" "the calves are reared for beef" to rear the offspring to rear cattle | bring up, raise, breed

Question 224

**rear** Some women make a deliberate choice to rear a child alone. He describes how these birds rear their young. She reared eight children. "Nigel was born and reared in Bath" "the calves are reared for beef" to rear the offspring to rear cattle

Answer 224

(v) to care for young children or animals until they are able to care for themselves, or to keep and breed (= produce young from) animals or birds, for example on a farm | بزرگ کردن ( بچه ) - پرورش دادن

Question 225

(v,n) to take care of, feed, and protect someone or something, especially young children or plants, and help him, her, or it to develop | (پروش (دادن)، بزرگ (کردن

Answer 225

**nurture** She wants to stay at home and nurture her children. a carefully nurtured garden ............................... Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or nurture?

Question 226

**nurture** She wants to stay at home and nurture her children. a carefully nurtured garden ............................... Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or nurture?

Answer 226

(v,n) to take care of, feed, and protect someone or something, especially young children or plants, and help him, her, or it to develop | (پروش (دادن)، بزرگ (کردن

Question 227

(adj,n) a person, usually young, who behaves in a way that is illegal or not acceptable to most people (adj) failing in one's duty, like being late in paying money owed | بزهکار - بد حساب

Answer 227

**delinquent** Our neighbour hated children and just thought we were a bunch of delinquents. They are carrying out research on the causes of delinquent behaviour among young people. delinquent teenagers ................................................................ She was delinquent in paying her taxes. We would be delinquent in our duties if we didn't constantly look for ways to improve our service. **(n) delinquency** **(adv) delinquently**

Question 228

**delinquent** Our neighbour hated children and just thought we were a bunch of delinquents. They are carrying out research on the causes of delinquent behaviour among young people. delinquent teenagers ................................................................ She was delinquent in paying her taxes. We would be delinquent in our duties if we didn't constantly look for ways to improve our service. **(n) delinquency** **(adv) delinquently**

Answer 228

(adj,n) a person, usually young, who behaves in a way that is illegal or not acceptable to most people (adj) failing in one's duty, like being late in paying money owed | بزهکار - بد حساب

Question 229

(v) involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence. | مستلزم بودن​ (درپی داشتن چیزی به صورت ضروری یا اجتناب ناپذیر ) ## Footnote مثلا هر سرمایه گذاری مستلزم ریسک است

Answer 229

**entail** Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk. [ + -ing verb ] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money. Any investment entails risk. "a situation which entails considerable risks" | = involve, necessitate, make necessary, require, need, demand

Question 230

**entail** Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk. [ + -ing verb ] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money. Any investment entails risk. "a situation which entails considerable risks

Answer 230

(v) involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence. | مستلزم بودن​ (درپی داشتن چیزی به صورت ضروری یا اجتناب ناپذیر ) ## Footnote مثلا هر سرمایه گذاری مستلزم ریسک است

Question 231

(v) to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen (v) to discover the facts or truth about something: | تعیین کردن - مشخص کردن

Answer 231

**determine** The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we're allowed to spend. Your health is determined in part by what you eat. Eye colour is genetically determined. [ + question word ] formal Officials will determine whether or not the game will be played. People should be allowed to determine their own future. ............................................................... The police never actually determined the cause of death. [ + question word ] It is the responsibility of the court to determine whether these men are innocent. [ + that ] The jury determined that the men were guilty. **(n) determination**

Question 232

**determine** The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we're allowed to spend. Your health is determined in part by what you eat. Eye colour is genetically determined. [ + question word ] formal Officials will determine whether or not the game will be played. People should be allowed to determine their own future. ............................................................... The police never actually determined the cause of death. [ + question word ] It is the responsibility of the court to determine whether these men are innocent. [ + that ] The jury determined that the men were guilty. **(n) determination**

Answer 232

(v) to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen (v) to discover the facts or truth about something: | تعیین کردن - مشخص کردن

Question 233

(adj) having some of the same qualities; similar | مشابه با، شبیه به

Answer 233

**akin to** They speak a language akin to French. "something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her"

Question 234

**akin to** They speak a language akin to French. "something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her"

Answer 234

(adj) having some of the same qualities; similar | مشابه با، شبیه به

Question 235

(n) a situation in which people are governed in an unfair and cruel way and prevented from having opportunities and freedom | ظلم و ستم

Answer 235

**oppression** Every human being has the right to freedom from oppression. War, famine and oppression have forced people in the region to flee from their homes. the oppression of women ✅ فعل ( verb ) : oppress ظلم کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : oppression / oppressor / oppressiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : oppressed / oppressive ظالم ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : oppressively

Question 236

**oppression** Every human being has the right to freedom from oppression. War, famine and oppression have forced people in the region to flee from their homes. the oppression of women ✅ فعل ( verb ) : oppress ظلم کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : oppression / oppressor / oppressiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : oppressed / oppressive ظالم ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : oppressively

Answer 236

(n) a situation in which people are governed in an unfair and cruel way and prevented from having opportunities and freedom | ظلم و ستم

Question 237

(n) the use of force or violence to control a group of people = the action of subduing someone or a group of people by force. (n)the restraint, prevention, or inhibition of a feeling, quality, etc. or the process and effect of keeping particular thoughts or wishes out of your conscious mind in order to defend or protect it = the action of subduing something (a feeling, quality, thoughts, wishes, desires, ideas etc. ) by force. | سرکوب

Answer 237

**repression** The political repression in this country is enforced by terror. "students sparked off events that ended in brutal repression" ................ "the repression of anger can be positively harmful" "children and adults pay a heavy price for their deep repression of thoughts about death" an attitude of unhealthy sexual repression فعل ( verb ) : repress اسم ( noun ) : repression / repressiveness صفت ( adjective ) : repressiveسرکوبگر / repressed قید ( adverb ) : repressively .............................................................. **repress** سرکوب کردن **subdue (someone or something) by force** 1- to prevent feelings, desires, or ideas from being expressed * In the end, it was impossible to repress her emotions. * The government repressed all reports from the region. 2- to control what people do, especially by using force * "the uprisings were repressed" | = subduing

Question 238

**repression** The political repression in this country is enforced by terror. "students sparked off events that ended in brutal repression" ................ "the repression of anger can be positively harmful" "children and adults pay a heavy price for their deep repression of thoughts about death" an attitude of unhealthy sexual repression فعل ( verb ) : repress اسم ( noun ) : repression / repressiveness صفت ( adjective ) : repressiveسرکوبگر / repressed قید ( adverb ) : repressively .............................................................. **repress** سرکوب کردن **subdue (someone or something) by force** 1- to prevent feelings, desires, or ideas from being expressed * In the end, it was impossible to repress her emotions. * The government repressed all reports from the region. 2- to control what people do, especially by using force * "the uprisings were repressed"

Answer 238

(n) the use of force or violence to control a group of people = the action of subduing someone or a group of people by force. (n)the restraint, prevention, or inhibition of a feeling, quality, etc. or the process and effect of keeping particular thoughts or wishes out of your conscious mind in order to defend or protect it = the action of subduing something (a feeling, quality, thoughts, wishes, desires, ideas etc. ) by force. | سرکوب

Question 239

(v) overcome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person). 1- to reduce the force of something, or to prevent something from existing or developing 2- to bring a person or group under control by using force: | کسی یا چیزی را تحت کنترل یا سلظه درآوردن

Answer 239

**subdue** The fire burned for eight hours before the fire crews could subdue it. He criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression. "she managed to subdue an instinct to applaud" ..................................................... Police say they have a range of methods available to them to subdue a person during a confrontation. Their aim was to subdue security guards and cut the paintings from their frames. As one rebellion is subdued, the conditions for another are forming elsewhere.

Question 240

**subdue** The fire burned for eight hours before the fire crews could subdue it. He criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression. "she managed to subdue an instinct to applaud" ..................................................... Police say they have a range of methods available to them to subdue a person during a confrontation. Their aim was to subdue security guards and cut the paintings from their frames. As one rebellion is subdued, the conditions for another are forming elsewhere.

Answer 240

(v) overcome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person). 1- to reduce the force of something, or to prevent something from existing or developing 2- to bring a person or group under control by using force: | کسی یا چیزی را تحت کنترل یا سلظه درآوردن

Question 241

(n) the act of ending something by force (n) the act of preventing something from being seen or expressed or from operating: | سرکوب

Answer 241

**suppression** brutal police suppression of the riots the suppression of human rights .................................................................. the suppression of free speech the illegal suppression of evidence the suppression of emotions فعل ( verb ) : suppress اسم ( noun ) : suppression / suppressant / suppressor صفت ( adjective ) : _ قید ( adverb ) : _ ............................................ **suppress** سرکوب کردن **1- to end something by force** * The Hungarian uprising in 1956 was suppressed by the Soviet Union. * He either has to begin reforms, or he has to suppress the opposition. **2- to prevent something from being expressed or known** She couldn't suppress her anger/annoyance/delight. His feelings of resentment have been suppressed for years. The British government tried to suppress the book because of the information it contained about the security services. The virus suppresses the body's immune system. He was accused of suppressing evidence. She could barely suppress a smile.

Question 242

**suppression** brutal police suppression of the riots the suppression of human rights .................................................................. the suppression of free speech the illegal suppression of evidence the suppression of emotions فعل ( verb ) : suppress اسم ( noun ) : suppression / suppressant / suppressor صفت ( adjective ) : _ قید ( adverb ) : _ ............................................ **suppress** سرکوب کردن **1- to end something by force** * The Hungarian uprising in 1956 was suppressed by the Soviet Union. * He either has to begin reforms, or he has to suppress the opposition. **2- to prevent something from being expressed or known** She couldn't suppress her anger/annoyance/delight. His feelings of resentment have been suppressed for years. The British government tried to suppress the book because of the information it contained about the security services. The virus suppresses the body's immune system. He was accused of suppressing evidence. She could barely suppress a smile.

Answer 242

(n) the act of ending something by force (n) the act of preventing something from being seen or expressed or from operating: | سرکوب

Question 243

مستاجر -صاحب خانه

Answer 243

**tenant - landlord**

Question 244

**tenant - landlord**

Answer 244

مستاجر -صاحب خانه

Question 245

(n) the period of time when someone holds a job, esp. an official position, or the right to keep a job permanently | دوران ریاست ، مدت تصدی

Answer 245

**tenure** During his tenure as mayor, relations with the police department worsened. Michelle has tenure in her new teaching position. She is one of the few people in the English Department who has tenure. **tenure-track** US Tenure-track professors (= those likely to get tenure) who don't publish enough work may not be offered tenure.

Question 246

**tenure** During his tenure as mayor, relations with the police department worsened. Michelle has tenure in her new teaching position. She is one of the few people in the English Department who has tenure. **tenure-track** US Tenure-track professors (= those likely to get tenure) who don't publish enough work may not be offered tenure.

Answer 246

(n) the period of time when someone holds a job, esp. an official position, or the right to keep a job permanently | دوران ریاست ، مدت تصدی

Question 247

(n) the ability to say or do the right thing without making anyone unhappy or angry | توانایی با سیاست ( صحیح و درست ) حرف زدن

Answer 247

**tact** He's never had much tact and people don't like his blunt manner. "the inspector broke the news to me with tact and consideration" The editors of this book have shown tact and good sense in their selections. **(adj) tactful** You were very tactful about the awful meal my mother fixed. **(adv) tactfully** I tried to say as tactfully as I could that she was totally wrong.

Question 248

**tact** He's never had much tact and people don't like his blunt manner. "the inspector broke the news to me with tact and consideration" The editors of this book have shown tact and good sense in their selections. **(adj) tactful** You were very tactful about the awful meal my mother fixed. **(adv) tactfully** I tried to say as tactfully as I could that she was totally wrong.

Answer 248

(n) the ability to say or do the right thing without making anyone unhappy or angry | توانایی با سیاست ( صحیح و درست ) حرف زدن

Question 249

(n) polite behaviour, or a polite action or remark: | ادب. نزاکت

Answer 249

**(dis)courtesy** You might get along better with your parents if you showed them some courtesy. [ + to infinitive ] He could at least have had the courtesy to say sorry. The president welcomed her visitors with the usual courtesies. **(adj) (dis)courteous**=polite and showing respect با ادب وبا نزاکت Although she often disagreed with me, she was always courteous. **(adv) (dis)courteously**=in a way that is polite and shows respect مودبانه **(n) (dis)courteousness**=polite behaviour ادب. نزاکت The standard of service and the courteousness of the staff were very impressive.

Question 250

**(dis)courtesy** You might get along better with your parents if you showed them some courtesy. [ + to infinitive ] He could at least have had the courtesy to say sorry. The president welcomed her visitors with the usual courtesies. **(adj) (dis)courteous**=polite and showing respect با ادب وبا نزاکت Although she often disagreed with me, she was always courteous. **(adv) (dis)courteously**=in a way that is polite and shows respect مودبانه **(n) (dis)courteousness**=polite behaviour ادب. نزاکت The standard of service and the courteousness of the staff were very impressive.

Answer 250

(n) polite behaviour, or a polite action or remark: | ادب. نزاکت

Question 251

(n) the set of rules or customs that control accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations | آداب معاشرت

Answer 251

**etiquette** **Social etiquette** dictates that men cannot sit while women are standing. Diplomatic etiquette forbids calling for the death of a national leader.

Question 252

**etiquette** **Social etiquette** dictates that men cannot sit while women are standing. Diplomatic etiquette forbids calling for the death of a national leader.

Answer 252

(n) the set of rules or customs that control accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations | آداب معاشرت

Question 253

(n) a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well with them | رابطه (دوستنانه یا با تفاهم)

Answer 253

**rapport** We'd worked together for years and developed a close/good rapport. She has an excellent rapport with her staff. "she was able to establish a good rapport with the children"

Question 254

**rapport** We'd worked together for years and developed a close/good rapport. She has an excellent rapport with her staff. "she was able to establish a good rapport with the children"

Answer 254

(n) a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well with them | رابطه (دوستنانه یا با تفاهم)

Question 255

(n) a signal for someone to do something (v) to give someone a signal to do something | نشانه و علامت - علامت دادن

Answer 255

**cue** They started washing up, so that was our cue to leave the party. "she had not yet been given her cue to come out on to the dais" Any conversational lull was my cue for asking a question ......................................................................... Ros and Guil, cued by Hamlet, also bow deeply **cue someone in** With a nod of his head, the drummer cued the lead singer in.

Question 256

**cue** They started washing up, so that was our cue to leave the party. "she had not yet been given her cue to come out on to the dais" Any conversational lull was my cue for asking a question ......................................................................... Ros and Guil, cued by Hamlet, also bow deeply **cue someone in** With a nod of his head, the drummer cued the lead singer in.

Answer 256

(n) a signal for someone to do something (v) to give someone a signal to do something | نشانه و علامت - علامت دادن

Question 257

(adj) (of a substance) easily bent without breaking or cracking = flexible (adj) (of a person) easily influenced or controlled by others ## Footnote 1 - منعطف و خم شدنی 2 - ادم منعطف و حرف شنو

Answer 257

**pliable** Some kinds of plastic become pliable if they're heated. soft, pliable materials "quality leather is pliable and will not crack" .................................................................................... He wanted a sweet, pliable, obedient wife. A more pliant leader would compromise. "pliable teenage minds" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : pliancy = pliability / pliers انبردست ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : pliable = pliant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : pliantly

Question 258

**pliable** Some kinds of plastic become pliable if they're heated. soft, pliable materials "quality leather is pliable and will not crack" .................................................................................... He wanted a sweet, pliable, obedient wife. A more pliant leader would compromise. "pliable teenage minds" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : pliancy = pliability / pliers انبردست ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : pliable = pliant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : pliantly

Answer 258

(adj) (of a substance) easily bent without breaking or cracking = flexible (adj) (of a person) easily influenced or controlled by others ## Footnote 1 - منعطف و خم شدنی 2 - ادم منعطف و حرف شنو

Question 259

(adj) perfectly clean or in perfect condition ## Footnote 1 - کاملا پاک و تمیز 2 - بی نقص و بی عیب

Answer 259

**immaculate** dressed in an immaculate white suit an immaculate garden "an immaculate white suit" My aunt’s kitchen was always immaculate. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : immaculacy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : immaculate ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : immaculately

Question 260

**immaculate** dressed in an immaculate white suit an immaculate garden "an immaculate white suit" My aunt’s kitchen was always immaculate. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : immaculacy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : immaculate ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : immaculately

Answer 260

(adj) perfectly clean or in perfect condition ## Footnote 1 - کاملا پاک و تمیز 2 - بی نقص و بی عیب

Question 261

(adj) in its original condition; not spoiled or worn from use | دست نخورده، عین روز اولش

Answer 261

**pristine** pristine new offices Washing machine for sale - only two months old and in pristine condition. The car seemed to be in pristine condition. "pristine copies of an early magazine" "a pristine white shirt"

Question 262

**pristine** pristine new offices Washing machine for sale - only two months old and in pristine condition. The car seemed to be in pristine condition. "pristine copies of an early magazine" "a pristine white shirt"

Answer 262

(adj) in its original condition; not spoiled or worn from use | دست نخورده، عین روز اولش

Question 263

(adj) friendly, but formal and polite | صمیمانه

Answer 263

**cordial** a cordial smile/greeting/welcome/reception Relations between the two leaders are said to be cordial. a cordial greeting/smile cordial relations **(n) cordiality** **(adv) cordially**

Question 264

**cordial** a cordial smile/greeting/welcome/reception Relations between the two leaders are said to be cordial. a cordial greeting/smile cordial relations **(n) cordiality** **(adv) cordially**

Answer 264

(adj) friendly, but formal and polite | صمیمانه

Question 265

(adj) skillful in planning and ready to deceive people in order to get what you want (n) the quality or skill of being clever at planning something so you get what you want, especially by tricking other people ## Footnote 1- (برای انسان)حیله گر و حقه باز- (برای چیزها مثل نقشه یا برنامه و ...) حیله گرانه و حقه بازانه 2- حیله گری و حقه بازی

Answer 265

**cunning** I have a cunning ploy that's guaranteed to succeed. cunning plan One important detail was missing from her cunning plan. He's a very cunning man. a cunning scheme "a cunning look came into his eyes" .............................................................................................. We need to show some cunning if we want to defeat the enemy. They made their way safely back through enemy territory by stealth and cunning. "a statesman to whom cunning had come as second nature" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cunning ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cunning ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : cunningly

Question 266

**cunning** I have a cunning ploy that's guaranteed to succeed. cunning plan One important detail was missing from her cunning plan. He's a very cunning man. a cunning scheme "a cunning look came into his eyes" .............................................................................................. We need to show some cunning if we want to defeat the enemy. They made their way safely back through enemy territory by stealth and cunning. "a statesman to whom cunning had come as second nature" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cunning ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cunning ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : cunningly

Answer 266

(adj) skillful in planning and ready to deceive people in order to get what you want (n) the quality or skill of being clever at planning something so you get what you want, especially by tricking other people ## Footnote 1- (برای انسان)حیله گر و حقه باز- (برای چیزها مثل نقشه یا برنامه و ...) حیله گرانه و حقه بازانه 2- حیله گری و حقه بازی

Question 267

(adj) extremely determined; never weakening or ending ## Footnote **بی امان** ، خستگی ناپذیر،سر سخت (از نظر قدرت، شدت یا اراده تسلیم نمی شوند.)

Answer 267

**unrelenting** unrelenting toughness/opposition unrelenting neglect/pollution She will be remembered as an unrelenting opponent of racial discrimination. "the heat was unrelenting" "unrelenting opponents"

Question 268

**unrelenting** unrelenting toughness/opposition unrelenting neglect/pollution She will be remembered as an unrelenting opponent of racial discrimination. "the heat was unrelenting" "unrelenting opponents"

Answer 268

(adj) extremely determined; never weakening or ending ## Footnote **بی امان** ، خستگی ناپذیر،سر سخت (از نظر قدرت، شدت یا اراده تسلیم نمی شوند.)

Question 269

(n) an act of asking for information. (n) an official process to discover the facts about something bad that has happened (an official investigation) | پرس و جو -تحقیق رسمی

Answer 269

**inquiry (us) / enquiry (uk)** inquiry about We've seen a rise in inquiries about insurance against flooding. **inquiry into** I've been making inquiries into the cost of a round-the-world ticket. Inquiry into the matter is pointless - no one will tell you anything. **make an inquiry** Having made further inquiries, we can confirm that the meeting did take place. "the police were making inquiries in all the neighbouring pubs" .................................................................... a judicial inquiry **inquiry into** Citizens have demanded a full inquiry into the government's handling of the epidemic. "he was one of the State's star witnesses in the murder inquiry" ................................................................................. **(v) inquire** = to ask for information استعلام کردن، پرس و جو کردن، جویا شدن، مطلع شدن * Shall I **inquire about** the price of tickets? * [ + question word ] She called to inquire when her car would be ready. * [ + speech ] "Where are we going?" he inquired politely. **inquire into something** = to try to discover the facts about something تحقیق و بررسی کردن راجب چیزی * When the authorities inquired into his background, they found he had a criminal record. * The committee had no right to inquire into his politics. ...................................................... **(adj) inquiring**=interested in learning new things. پرسشگر **(adv) inquiringly** پرسشگرانه ......................................................................... **query** **1-(n) a question, often expressing doubt about something or looking for an answer from an authority** * If you have any queries about your treatment, the doctor will answer them. **2- to ask questions, especially in order to check if something is true or correct** * A few students have queried their grades. * [ + question word ] She queried whether three months was long enough. * [ + speech ] "Any chance of a cup of tea?" he queried hopefully.

Question 270

**inquiry (us) / enquiry (uk)** inquiry about We've seen a rise in inquiries about insurance against flooding. **inquiry into** I've been making inquiries into the cost of a round-the-world ticket. Inquiry into the matter is pointless - no one will tell you anything. **make an inquiry** Having made further inquiries, we can confirm that the meeting did take place. "the police were making inquiries in all the neighbouring pubs" .................................................................... a judicial inquiry **inquiry into** Citizens have demanded a full inquiry into the government's handling of the epidemic. "he was one of the State's star witnesses in the murder inquiry" ................................................................................. **(v) inquire** = to ask for information استعلام کردن، پرس و جو کردن، جویا شدن، مطلع شدن * Shall I **inquire about** the price of tickets? * [ + question word ] She called to inquire when her car would be ready. * [ + speech ] "Where are we going?" he inquired politely. **inquire into something** = to try to discover the facts about something تحقیق و بررسی کردن راجب چیزی * When the authorities inquired into his background, they found he had a criminal record. * The committee had no right to inquire into his politics. ...................................................... **(adj) inquiring**=interested in learning new things. پرسشگر **(adv) inquiring** پرسشگرانه ............................................................................... **query** **1-(n) a question, often expressing doubt about something or looking for an answer from an authority** * If you have any queries about your treatment, the doctor will answer them. **2- to ask questions, especially in order to check if something is true or correct** * A few students have queried their grades. * [ + question word ] She queried whether three months was long enough. * [ + speech ] "Any chance of a cup of tea?" he queried hopefully.

Answer 270

(n) an act of asking for information. (n) an official process to discover the facts about something bad that has happened (an official investigation) | پرس و جو -تحقیق رسمی

Question 271

(n) a brief or temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgement, or a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention ## Footnote 1- لغزش و نقص و خطا ( خطای موقت ) 2- یک اشتباه کوچک ناشی از بی دقتی و فراموشی

Answer 271

**lapse** "a lapse of concentration in the second set cost her the match" The management's decision to ignore the safety warnings demonstrated a remarkable lapse of judgment. Her **memory lapses** have become more frequent in the last year. .................................................. a lapse in table manners a lapse in security On Friday he showed neither decency nor dignity. It was an uncommon lapse.

Question 272

**lapse** "a lapse of concentration in the second set cost her the match" The management's decision to ignore the safety warnings demonstrated a remarkable lapse of judgment. Her **memory lapses** have become more frequent in the last year. .................................................. a lapse in table manners a lapse in security On Friday he showed neither decency nor dignity. It was an uncommon lapse.

Answer 272

(n) a brief or temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgement, or a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention ## Footnote 1- لغزش و نقص و خطا ( خطای موقت ) 2- یک اشتباه کوچک ناشی از بی دقتی و فراموشی

Question 273

(adj) (of people) liking to be with other people; sociable. (adj) (especially of animals) living in groups (adj) (of plants) growing in open clusters or in pure associations. | اجتماعی - گله زی - خوشه زی

Answer 273

**gregarious** Emma's a gregarious, outgoing sort of person. "he was a popular and gregarious man" ........................................................ "gregarious species forage in flocks from colonies or roosts" ................................................................... "in the wild, trees are usually gregarious plants" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : gregariousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : gregarious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : gregariously

Question 274

**gregarious** Emma's a gregarious, outgoing sort of person. "he was a popular and gregarious man" ........................................................ "gregarious species forage in flocks from colonies or roosts" ................................................................... "in the wild, trees are usually gregarious plants" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : gregariousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : gregarious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : gregariously

Answer 274

(adj) (of people) liking to be with other people; sociable. (adj) (especially of animals) living in groups (adj) (of plants) growing in open clusters or in pure associations. | اجتماعی - گله زی - خوشه زی

Question 275

(v) to get rid of something completely or destroy something bad | ریشه کن کردن

Answer 275

**eradicate** The government claims to be doing all it can to eradicate corruption. The disease that once claimed millions of lives has now been eradicated. A new vaccine eradicated polio. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : eradicate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : eradication ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : eradicable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 276

**eradicate** The government claims to be doing all it can to eradicate corruption. The disease that once claimed millions of lives has now been eradicated. A new vaccine eradicated polio. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : eradicate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : eradication ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : eradicable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 276

(v) to get rid of something completely or destroy something bad | ریشه کن کردن

Question 277

(phrase) to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant ## Footnote در معرض . . . . . . بودن مشمول . . . . . . قرار گرفتن

Answer 277

**be subject to** Cars are subject to a high domestic tax. In recent years, she has been subject to attacks of depression. Many celebrities are subject to intrusive scrutiny from the press. All of this income is subject to tax. The men were released from prison but were still subject to constant surveillance.

Question 278

**be subject to** Cars are subject to a high domestic tax. In recent years, she has been subject to attacks of depression. Many celebrities are subject to intrusive scrutiny from the press. All of this income is subject to tax. The men were released from prison but were still subject to constant surveillance.

Answer 278

(phrase) to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant ## Footnote در معرض . . . . . . بودن مشمول . . . . . . قرار گرفتن

Question 279

(adj) (of a person or animal) not aware of the presence of danger | از همه جا بی خبر

Answer 279

**unsuspecting** The killer lured his unsuspecting victims back to his apartment. The fish sometimes leap into the air and smack into unsuspecting boaters. ........................................................................... **unsusceptible** **not easily influenced or affected by something:** * Voters had become split into two camps, with those on both sides generally unsusceptible to persuasion. * unsusceptible of Hardened criminals like these must be unsusceptible of the influence of human feelings. ................................................................................... **unsuspicious** **trusting someone or something, or not realizing the truth about a situation** "she has a caring, unsuspicious nature" Because of his unsuspicious nature and high self-confidence, he reacted calmly to criticism. When they arrived, they found a population that was unarmed and **unsuspicious of** danger. ....................................................................................... **unsuspected** **not known or thought to exist or be present; not imagined possible.** * an unsuspected talent/complication/problem/illness

Question 280

**unsuspecting** The killer lured his unsuspecting victims back to his apartment. The fish sometimes leap into the air and smack into unsuspecting boaters. ........................................................................... **unsusceptible** **not easily influenced or affected by something:** * Voters had become split into two camps, with those on both sides generally unsusceptible to persuasion. * unsusceptible of Hardened criminals like these must be unsusceptible of the influence of human feelings. ................................................................................... **unsuspicious** **trusting someone or something, or not realizing the truth about a situation** "she has a caring, unsuspicious nature" Because of his unsuspicious nature and high self-confidence, he reacted calmly to criticism. When they arrived, they found a population that was unarmed and **unsuspicious of** danger. ....................................................................................... **unsuspected** **not known or thought to exist or be present; not imagined possible.** * an unsuspected talent/complication/problem/illness

Answer 280

(adj) (of a person or animal) not aware of the presence of danger | از همه جا بی خبر

Question 281

(adj) making someone feel uncertain and uncomfortable or worried | نگران و مشوش کننده

Answer 281

**disconcerting** There was a disconcerting silence. His message is deeply disconcerting for anyone who values democracy. ............................................................................... **(v) disconcert** **to make someone feel suddenly uncertain and worried or embarrassed.:** He was disconcerted by all the attention he was getting.

Question 282

**disconcerting** There was a disconcerting silence. His message is deeply disconcerting for anyone who values democracy. ............................................................................... **(v) disconcert** **to make someone feel suddenly uncertain and worried or embarrassed.:** He was disconcerted by all the attention he was getting.

Answer 282

(adj) making someone feel uncertain and uncomfortable or worried | نگران و مشوش کننده

Question 283

(adj) (of a person) at the point of death. (adj) (especially of an organization or business, market, etc. ) not active or successful ## Footnote رو به موت رو به زوال و افول

Answer 283

**moribund** "on examination she was moribund and dehydrated" ...................................... How can the department be revived from its present moribund state? The figures show a moribund remortgage market. "the moribund commercial property market"

Question 284

**moribund** "on examination she was moribund and dehydrated" ...................................... How can the department be revived from its present moribund state? The figures show a moribund remortgage market. "the moribund commercial property market"

Answer 284

(adj) (of a person) at the point of death. (adj) (especially of an organization or business, market, etc. ) not active or successful ## Footnote رو به موت رو به زوال و افول

Question 285

(v) (usually of the stomach or another part of the body) to swell and become large, especially because of pressure from inside | متورم شدن ، ورم کردن

Answer 285

**distend** During digestion, sugar may produce wind that distends the stomach. The medication I take causes my lower belly to distend. "the abdomen distended rapidly" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : distend ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : distension ( distention ) / distensibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : distended / distensible / distent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = swell

Question 286

**distend** During digestion, sugar may produce wind that distends the stomach. The medication I take causes my lower belly to distend. "the abdomen distended rapidly" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : distend ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : distension ( distention ) / distensibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : distended / distensible / distent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 286

(v) (usually of the stomach or another part of the body) to swell and become large, especially because of pressure from inside | متورم شدن ، ورم کردن

Question 287

(v) to compete in order to win something (v) to say that something is true or is a fact (v) to have to deal with a difficult or unpleasant situation = cope with ## Footnote ۱. رقابت کردن 2. گفتن. اظهار داشتن. معتقد بودن 3. دست و پنجه نرم کردن

Answer 287

**contend** **contend for** There are three world-class tennis players contending for this title. **contend against** He's contending against someone with twice his experience. ................................................................................ The lawyer contended (that) her client had never been near the scene of the crime. I contend that a novel should tell a story and tell it well. ................................................................................ **contend with something** At the age of nine, he had the death of both parents to contend with. We don't need a computer failure to contend with as well as all our other problems. "she had to contend with his uncertain temper" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : contend ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : contention عقیده قوی یک شخص - اختلاف نظر بین دو نفر - رقابت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : contentious = causing or likely to cause disagreement or argument بحث برانگیزو جنجالی ، مناقشه برانگیز ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : contentiously

Question 288

**contend** **contend for** There are three world-class tennis players contending for this title. **contend against** He's contending against someone with twice his experience. ................................................................................ The lawyer contended (that) her client had never been near the scene of the crime. I contend that a novel should tell a story and tell it well. ................................................................................ **contend with something** At the age of nine, he had the death of both parents to contend with. We don't need a computer failure to contend with as well as all our other problems. "she had to contend with his uncertain temper" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : contend ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : contention عقیده قوی یک شخص - اختلاف نظر بین دو نفر - رقابت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : contentious = causing or likely to cause disagreement or argument بحث برانگیزو جنجالی ، مناقشه برانگیز ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : contentiously

Answer 288

(v) to compete in order to win something (v) to say that something is true or is a fact (v) to have to deal with a difficult or unpleasant situation = cope with ## Footnote ۱. رقابت کردن 2. گفتن. اظهار داشتن. معتقد بودن 3. دست و پنجه نرم کردن

Question 289

(v) to mention someone or something without talking about him, her, or it directly: | غیرمستقیم اشاره کردن به کسی یا چیزی

Answer 289

**alludes** **allude to someone/something** She mentioned some trouble that she'd had at home and I guessed she was alluding to her son He alluded to problems with the new computers. "she had a way of alluding to Jean but never saying her name"

Question 290

**alludes** **allude to someone/something** She mentioned some trouble that she'd had at home and I guessed she was alluding to her son He alluded to problems with the new computers. "she had a way of alluding to Jean but never saying her name"

Answer 290

(v) to mention someone or something without talking about him, her, or it directly: | غیرمستقیم اشاره کردن به کسی یا چیزی

Question 291

(n) a person or thing that receives or is awarded something. | دریافت کننده

Answer 291

**recipient** Former Nobel Peace Prize recipients include Jimmy Carter and Barack Obama. He was a recipient of the Civilian Service Award. Lund was the first female recipient of an artificial heart. | = beneficiary

Question 292

**recipient** Former Nobel Peace Prize recipients include Jimmy Carter and Barack Obama. He was a recipient of the Civilian Service Award. Lund was the first female recipient of an artificial heart.

Answer 292

(n) a person or thing that receives or is awarded something. | دریافت کننده

Question 293

(v) produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product). (v) produce or generate (a result, gain, or financial return). (v) to give up the control of or responsibility for something (esp arguments, demands, or pressure.), often because you have been forced to (v) (of a mass or structure) to bend or break under force or pressure. (n) an amount produced of an agricultural or industrial product or a financial return. ## Footnote ۱- ثمر دادن و به بارآوردن (یک محصول طبیعی، کشاورزی یا صنعتی) ۲- منجر شدن به یا به همراه داشتن (یک نتیجه، سود یا بازده مالی) ۳- تسلیم شدن ( تن دادن ) یا تسلیم کردن ( واگذار کردن ) ۴- تسلیم شدن (خم شدن یا شکستن تحت فشار) ۵- ثمره (مقدار تولید شده از یک محصول کشاورزی یا صنعتی یا بازده مالی.)

Answer 293

**yield** "the land yields grapes and tobacco" Favorable weather yielded a good crop. ...................................................................................... "this method yields the same results" an attempt to yield increased profits The investigation yielded some unexpected results. ......................................................................................... They were forced to yield (up) their land to the occupying forces. Despite renewed pressure to give up the occupied territory, they will not yield. "the Western powers now yielded when they should have resisted" "they might yield up their secrets" .............................................................................................. His legs began to yield under the sheer weight of his body. "he reeled into the house as the door yielded" .................................................................................. Crop yields have risen steadily. Yields on gas and electricity shares are consistently high. "the milk yield was poor" "an annual dividend yield of 20 per cent"

Question 294

**yield** "the land yields grapes and tobacco" Favorable weather yielded a good crop. ...................................................................................... "this method yields the same results" an attempt to yield increased profits The investigation yielded some unexpected results. ......................................................................................... They were forced to yield (up) their land to the occupying forces. Despite renewed pressure to give up the occupied territory, they will not yield. "the Western powers now yielded when they should have resisted" "they might yield up their secrets" .............................................................................................. His legs began to yield under the sheer weight of his body. "he reeled into the house as the door yielded" .................................................................................. Crop yields have risen steadily. Yields on gas and electricity shares are consistently high. "the milk yield was poor" "an annual dividend yield of 20 per cent"

Answer 294

(v) produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product). (v) produce or generate (a result, gain, or financial return). (v) to give up the control of or responsibility for something (esp arguments, demands, or pressure.), often because you have been forced to (v) (of a mass or structure) to bend or break under force or pressure. (n) an amount produced of an agricultural or industrial product or a financial return. ## Footnote ۱- ثمر دادن و به بارآوردن (یک محصول طبیعی، کشاورزی یا صنعتی) ۲- منجر شدن به یا به همراه داشتن (یک نتیجه، سود یا بازده مالی) ۳- تسلیم شدن ( تن دادن ) یا تسلیم کردن ( واگذار کردن ) ۴- تسلیم شدن (خم شدن یا شکستن تحت فشار) ۵- ثمره (مقدار تولید شده از یک محصول کشاورزی یا صنعتی یا بازده مالی.)

Question 295

(v) If two or more facts, numbers, etc. .... or are ....d, there is a relationship between them | همبستگی داشتن

Answer 295

**correlate** Stress levels and heart disease are strongly correlated (= connected). **correlate to sth** At this point, the advertising hasn't correlated to an increase in sales. **correlate (sth) with sth** Oil sales are closely correlated with economic growth. "the study found that success in the educational system correlates highly with class" فعل ( verb ) : correlate اسم ( noun ) : correlation / correlative صفت ( adjective ) : correlative قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 296

**correlate** Stress levels and heart disease are strongly correlated (= connected). **correlate to sth** At this point, the advertising hasn't correlated to an increase in sales. **correlate (sth) with sth** Oil sales are closely correlated with economic growth. "the study found that success in the educational system correlates highly with class" فعل ( verb ) : correlate اسم ( noun ) : correlation / correlative صفت ( adjective ) : correlative قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 296

(v) If two or more facts, numbers, etc. .... or are ....d, there is a relationship between them | همبستگی داشتن

Question 297

(adv) in small amounts, or without wasting any | به مقدارکم

Answer 297

**sparingly** There wasn't enough coal during the war, so we had to use it sparingly. She created a natural look, using makeup sparingly. "the sharply flavoured leaves should be used sparingly" **(adj) sparing** = using very little of something = moderate; economical. بسیار کم (در استفاده) ، صرفه جو "physicians advised sparing use of the ointment" Be sparing with the butter as there isn't much left. He is sparing with/in his praise (= praises people very little).

Question 298

**sparingly** There wasn't enough coal during the war, so we had to use it sparingly. She created a natural look, using makeup sparingly. "the sharply flavoured leaves should be used sparingly" **(adj) sparing** = using very little of something = moderate; economical. بسیار کم (در استفاده) ، صرفه جو "physicians advised sparing use of the ointment" Be sparing with the butter as there isn't much left. He is sparing with/in his praise (= praises people very little).

Answer 298

(adv) in small amounts, or without wasting any | به مقدارکم

Question 299

(adj) using money and other resources carefully and not wastefully. | صرفه جو، اقتصادی

Answer 299

**thrifty** "he had been brought up to be thrifty and careful" **(n) thrift** = the careful use of money, especially by avoiding waste صرفه جویی​

Question 300

​**thrifty** "he had been brought up to be thrifty and careful" **(n) thrift** = the careful use of money, especially by avoiding waste صرفه جویی​

Answer 300

(adj) using money and other resources carefully and not wastefully. | صرفه جو، اقتصادی

Question 301

(v) to lift something to a higher position: (v) to cause something to increase or become bigger, better, higher, etc (v) to cause to exist (v) to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown: ## Footnote ۱- بالا بردن ۲-- باعث افزایش یا بزرگتر شدن، بهتر شدن، بالاتر شدن و غیره شدن چیزی شدن.(زیاد کردن، یالا بردن) ۳-دباعث ایجاد چیزی شدن یا چیزی را مطرح کردن ۴- بزرگ کردن (بچه)

Answer 301

**raise** Would all those in favor please raise their hands? He raised the window and leaned out. Mary Quant was the first fashion designer to raise hemlines. ............................. The government plan to raise taxes. I had to raise my voice (= speak more loudly) to make myself heard over the noise. The inspector said that standards at the school had to be raised. Our little chat has raised my spirits (= made me feel happier). ..................................................... Her answers raised doubts/fears/suspicions in my mind. This discussion has raised many important issues/problems. The announcement raised a cheer/laugh. I want to raise (= talk about) two problems/questions with you. I want to start my own business if I can raise (= obtain) the money/cash/capital/funds. formal The chapel was raised (= built) as a memorial to her son ................................................. Her parents died when she was a baby and she was raised by her grandparents. The lambs had to be raised by hand (= fed milk by people) when their mother died. The farmer raises (= breeds) chickens and pigs. The soil around here isn't good enough for raising (= growing) crops.

Question 302

Would all those in favor please raise their hands? He raised the window and leaned out. Mary Quant was the first fashion designer to raise hemlines. ............................. The government plan to raise taxes. I had to raise my voice (= speak more loudly) to make myself heard over the noise. The inspector said that standards at the school had to be raised. Our little chat has raised my spirits (= made me feel happier). ..................................................... Her answers raised doubts/fears/suspicions in my mind. This discussion has raised many important issues/problems. The announcement raised a cheer/laugh. I want to raise (= talk about) two problems/questions with you. I want to start my own business if I can raise (= obtain) the money/cash/capital/funds. formal The chapel was raised (= built) as a memorial to her son ................................................. Her parents died when she was a baby and she was raised by her grandparents. The lambs had to be raised by hand (= fed milk by people) when their mother died. The farmer raises (= breeds) chickens and pigs. The soil around here isn't good enough for raising (= growing) crops.

Answer 302

(v) to lift something to a higher position: (v) to cause something to increase or become bigger, better, higher, etc (v) to cause to exist (v) to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown: ## Footnote ۱- بالا بردن ۲-- باعث افزایش یا بزرگتر شدن، بهتر شدن، بالاتر شدن و غیره شدن چیزی شدن.(زیاد کردن، یالا بردن) ۳-دباعث ایجاد چیزی شدن یا چیزی را مطرح کردن ۴- بزرگ کردن (بچه)

Question 303

(v) to provide people or living things with food in order to make them grow and keep them healthy = feed | غذا دادن

Answer 303

**nourish** Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them. She looks happy and well nourished. This cream is supposed to help nourish your skin. "I was doing everything I could to nourish and protect the baby" فعل ( verb ) : nourish اسم ( noun ) : nourishment صفت ( adjective ) : nourishing قید ( adverb ) : _ **(adj) nourishing** مغذی = nutritious Candy isn’t very nourishing. **(n) nourishment** تغذیه = nutriment, nutrition , sustenance A young baby gets its nourishment from its mother’s milk. | = feed

Question 304

**nourish** Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them. She looks happy and well nourished. This cream is supposed to help nourish your skin. "I was doing everything I could to nourish and protect the baby" فعل ( verb ) : nourish اسم ( noun ) : nourishment صفت ( adjective ) : nourishing قید ( adverb ) : _ **(adj) nourishing** مغذی = nutritious Candy isn’t very nourishing. **(n) nourishment** تغذیه = nutriment, nutrition , sustenance A young baby gets its nourishment from its mother’s milk.

Answer 304

(v) to provide people or living things with food in order to make them grow and keep them healthy = feed | غذا دادن

Question 305

(n) any substance that a living thing need in order to live and grow: | مواد مغذی

Answer 305

**nutrients** It's good soil - full of nutrients. A healthy diet should provide all your essential nutrients. "fish is a source of many important nutrients, including protein, vitamins, and minerals" ................................................................................ ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : nutrition تغذیه / nutrient / nutritionist متخصص تغذیه/ nutritiousness مغذی بودن / nutriment تغذیه ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : nutritional غذایی/ nutritious=nutritive مغذی ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : nutritionally / nutritiously

Question 306

**nutrients** It's good soil - full of nutrients. A healthy diet should provide all your essential nutrients. "fish is a source of many important nutrients, including protein, vitamins, and minerals" ................................................................................ ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : nutrition تغذیه / nutrient / nutritionist متخصص تغذیه/ nutritiousness مغذی بودن / nutriment تغذیه ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : nutritional غذایی/ nutritious=nutritive مغذی ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : nutritionally / nutritiously

Answer 306

(n) any substance that a living thing need in order to live and grow: | مواد مغذی

Question 307

(v) to stop doing something, especially something that someone else does not want you to do | دست کشیدن از انجام کاری

Answer 307

**desist** The high winds are expected to desist tomorrow. **desist from** The soldiers have been ordered to desist from firing their guns. She was ordered to desist from playing music after 11 p.m. "each pledged to desist from acts of sabotage"

Question 308

**desist** The high winds are expected to desist tomorrow. **desist from** The soldiers have been ordered to desist from firing their guns. She was ordered to desist from playing music after 11 p.m. "each pledged to desist from acts of sabotage"

Answer 308

(v) to stop doing something, especially something that someone else does not want you to do | دست کشیدن از انجام کاری

Question 309

خرافات

Answer 309

**superstition** فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : superstition صفت ( adjective ) : superstitious قید ( adverb ) : superstitiously

Question 310

**superstition** فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : superstition صفت ( adjective ) : superstitious قید ( adverb ) : superstitiously

Answer 310

خرافات

Question 311

(v) to cause something or someone to change direction (v) to use something for a different purpose: (v) to take someone's attention away from something: (v) to entertain someone: ## Footnote ۱- مسیر چیزی را تغییر دادن، منحرف کردن ۲- هدایت کردن، استفاده کردن چیزی برای یک هدف دیگر ۳- حواس کسی را از چیزی پرت کردن ، منحرف کردن توجه از ۴- سرگرم کردن

Answer 311

**divert** Traffic will be diverted through the side streets while the main road is resurfaced. be diverted to Our flight had to be diverted to Newark because of the storm. Our flight was diverted from San Francisco to Oakland because of the fog. ............................................................... Should more funds/money/resources be diverted from roads into railroads? The administration had to divert funds from the defense budget to pay for the emergency relief effort. ................................................................. **divert attention from** The war has diverted attention from the country's economic problems. Military action now could divert attention from imminent votes in Congress on health-care legislation. ............................................................... It's a great game for diverting restless kids on long car rides . The dog kept the children diverted for a while. فعل ( verb ) : divert اسم ( noun ) : diversion صفت ( adjective ) : diverting / diversionary قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 312

**divert** Traffic will be diverted through the side streets while the main road is resurfaced. be diverted to Our flight had to be diverted to Newark because of the storm. Our flight was diverted from San Francisco to Oakland because of the fog. ............................................................... Should more funds/money/resources be diverted from roads into railroads? The administration had to divert funds from the defense budget to pay for the emergency relief effort. ................................................................. **divert attention from** The war has diverted attention from the country's economic problems. Military action now could divert attention from imminent votes in Congress on health-care legislation. ............................................................... It's a great game for diverting restless kids on long car rides . The dog kept the children diverted for a while. فعل ( verb ) : divert اسم ( noun ) : diversion صفت ( adjective ) : diverting / diversionary قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 312

(v) to cause something or someone to change direction (v) to use something for a different purpose: (v) to take someone's attention away from something: (v) to entertain someone: ## Footnote ۱- مسیر چیزی را تغییر دادن، منحرف کردن ۲- هدایت کردن، استفاده کردن چیزی برای یک هدف دیگر ۳- حواس کسی را از چیزی پرت کردن ، منحرف کردن توجه از ۴- سرگرم کردن

Question 313

(v) to move very fast, especially in a way that seems dangerous | (با سرعت و نیروی زیاد و به شکل خطرناکی) حرکت کردن

Answer 313

**hurtle** The truck came hurtling toward us. The explosion sent pieces of metal and glass hurtling through the air. She slipped and went hurtling downstairs

Question 314

**hurtle** The truck came hurtling toward us. The explosion sent pieces of metal and glass hurtling through the air. She slipped and went hurtling downstairs

Answer 314

(v) to move very fast, especially in a way that seems dangerous | (با سرعت و نیروی زیاد و به شکل خطرناکی) حرکت کردن

Question 315

(v) to cause something to become caught in something such as a net or rop (v) involved with something or someone in a way that makes it difficult to escape ## Footnote 1- گیر انداختن چیزی داخل تور یا طناب یا هر چیزی 2- گرفتار شدن، گیر افتادن در یک مخمصه

Answer 315

**entangle** **be/become entangled in/with** The dolphin had become entangled in/with the fishing nets. A seal became entangled in the fishing net. "fish attempt to swim through the mesh and become entangled" .............................................................................................. **be/become/get entangled in/with something/someone** He went to the store to buy bread, and got entangled with a carnival parade. The mayor and the city council are anxious to avoid getting entangled in the controversy. She seems to be romantically entangled with some artist in Rome. Several people have become entangled in legal disputes about this issue. The company ran into trouble when it became entangled in a bribery scandal. He was a hard-working officer who inadvertently became entangled with a criminal gang. **(n) entanglement**

Question 316

**entangle** **be/become entangled in/with** The dolphin had become entangled in/with the fishing nets. A seal became entangled in the fishing net. "fish attempt to swim through the mesh and become entangled" .............................................................................................. **be/become/get entangled in/with something/someone** He went to the store to buy bread, and got entangled with a carnival parade. The mayor and the city council are anxious to avoid getting entangled in the controversy. She seems to be romantically entangled with some artist in Rome. Several people have become entangled in legal disputes about this issue. The company ran into trouble when it became entangled in a bribery scandal. He was a hard-working officer who inadvertently became entangled with a criminal gang. **(n) entanglement**

Answer 316

(v) to cause something to become caught in something such as a net or rop (v) involved with something or someone in a way that makes it difficult to escape ## Footnote 1- گیر انداختن چیزی داخل تور یا طناب یا هر چیزی 2- گرفتار شدن، گیر افتادن در یک مخمصه

Question 317

(v) to use something or someone, especially in an effective way: (v) to move soldiers or equipment to a place where they can be used when they are needed ## Footnote ۱. به کار گرفتن (به شیوه موثر) ۲. اعزام کردن ( نیروی نظامی یا تسلیحات و تجهیزات)

Answer 317

**deploy** The company is reconsidering the way in which it **deploys** its **resources**. What is important is how a school deploys its teaching staff. My job doesn't really allow me fully to deploy my skills. When airbags deploy, they save lives. Automobiles deploy air bags in crashes of 8 to 12 miles per hour. ................................................................................... **deploy troops** The decision has been made to deploy extra troops. **deploy weapons** We cannot risk a crisis over deploying nuclear weapons. فعل ( verb ) : deploy اسم ( noun ) : deployment صفت ( adjective ) : deployable قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 318

**deploy** The company is reconsidering the way in which it **deploys** its **resources**. What is important is how a school deploys its teaching staff. My job doesn't really allow me fully to deploy my skills. When airbags deploy, they save lives. Automobiles deploy air bags in crashes of 8 to 12 miles per hour. ................................................................................... **deploy troops** The decision has been made to deploy extra troops. **deploy weapons** We cannot risk a crisis over deploying nuclear weapons. فعل ( verb ) : deploy اسم ( noun ) : deployment صفت ( adjective ) : deployable قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 318

(v) to use something or someone, especially in an effective way: (v) to move soldiers or equipment to a place where they can be used when they are needed ## Footnote ۱. به کار گرفتن (به شیوه موثر) ۲. اعزام کردن ( نیروی نظامی یا تسلیحات و تجهیزات)

Question 319

(v) (of lines, roads, etc.) to cross one another. to meet and go through or across | تقاطع داشتن ، تلاقی داشتن

Answer 319

**intersect** The roads intersect near the bridge. This is the point where the line intersects the curve. "the area is intersected only by minor roads" Weaver Street intersects Palmer Avenue at the next corner. **(n) intersection**

Question 320

**intersect** The roads intersect near the bridge. This is the point where the line intersects the curve. "the area is intersected only by minor roads" Weaver Street intersects Palmer Avenue at the next corner. **(n) intersection**

Answer 320

(v) (of lines, roads, etc.) to cross one another. to meet and go through or across | تقاطع داشتن ، تلاقی داشتن

Question 321

(adj) unhappy and without hope (adj) dark in a way that is unpleasant and makes it difficult to see: | حزن انگیز (غمناک یا تاریک) ، گرفته و دلگیر ## Footnote مثل هوای بارونی یا غروب جمعه

Answer 321

**gloomy** a gloomy person/expression The cemetery is a gloomy place. a gloomy economic forecast Despite gloomy predictions, the stock market remains strong. ...................................................... What gloomy weather we're having! We waited in a gloomy waiting room. "a gloomy corridor badly lit by oil lamps" It was another gray, gloomy day. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : gloom / gloominess ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : gloomy ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : gloomily

Question 322

**gloomy** a gloomy person/expression The cemetery is a gloomy place. a gloomy economic forecast Despite gloomy predictions, the stock market remains strong. ...................................................... What gloomy weather we're having! We waited in a gloomy waiting room. "a gloomy corridor badly lit by oil lamps" It was another gray, gloomy day. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : gloom / gloominess ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : gloomy ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : gloomily

Answer 322

(adj) unhappy and without hope (adj) dark in a way that is unpleasant and makes it difficult to see: | حزن انگیز (غمناک یا تاریک) ، گرفته و دلگیر ## Footnote مثل هوای بارونی یا غروب جمعه

Question 323

(v) to come together in a large group of people or animals: | اجتماع کردن ، گرد هم آمدن، دور هم جمع شدن به صورت گروهی

Answer 323

**congregate** A crowd congregated around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show. A crowd congregated around City Hall. "some 4,000 demonstrators had congregated at a border point" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : congregate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : congregation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : congregational ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = assemble, gather, come together

Question 324

**congregate** A crowd congregated around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show. A crowd congregated around City Hall. "some 4,000 demonstrators had congregated at a border point" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : congregate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : congregation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : congregational ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 324

(v) to come together in a large group of people or animals: | اجتماع کردن ، گرد هم آمدن، دور هم جمع شدن به صورت گروهی

Question 325

مانع - عامل بازدارنده - عامل ممانعت کننده

Answer 325

**hindrance** فقط مشکل **(n) something that makes it more difficult for you to do something or for something to develop** * I've never considered my disability a hindrance, but other people have. * "**a hindrance to** the development process" ............................................................................................. **hurdle** هم مشکل و هم فیزیکی **1-(n) a frame or fence for jumping over in a race:** موانع توی مسابقه دو **2- (n) a problem that you have to deal with before you can make progress:** * Getting a work permit was the first hurdle to overcome. * The cost of this exercise is proving to be a major hurdle. * "many would like to emigrate to the United States, but face formidable hurdles" * **overcome a hurdle** ...................................................................................................... **impediment** هم مشکل و هم فیزیکی **(n) something that makes progress, movement, or achieving something difficult or impossible** **impediment to** In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional impediment to progress. "a serious impediment to scientific progress" The lack of funds is a **main/major impediment to** research. The ilmuhaber is never fully transcribed, but the record invariably tells us that it guaranteed that the bride had no **legal impediment to** matrimony. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : impede مانع ( پیشرفت، موفقیت. . . ) شدن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : impediment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : impeded ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ........................................................................................... **obstacle** هم مشکل و هم فیزیکی **(n) something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult** * The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road. * This decision has removed the last obstacle to the hostages' release. * We suddenly encountered an obstacle along the trail. * Money seems to be no obstacle. * "the major obstacle to achieving that goal is money" .......................................................................................................... **barrier** هم مشکل و هم فیزیکی **1-(n) a long pole, fence, wall, or natural feature, such as a mountain or sea, that stops people from going somewhere** * Barriers have been erected all along the route the Pope will take. * The mountains acted as a natural barrier to the spread of the disease. **2-(n) anything used or acting to block someone from going somewhere or from doing something, or to block something from happening** * ackie Robinson was the African-American who succeeded in breaking major league baseball’s color barrier (= use of race to block something from happening). * a language barrier * One cultural barrier in this country is the low esteem that used to be accorded to engineering.

Question 326

**hindrance** فقط مشکل **(n) something that makes it more difficult for you to do something or for something to develop** * I've never considered my disability a hindrance, but other people have. * "**a hindrance to** the development process" ............................................................................................. **hurdle** هم مشکل و هم فیزیکی **1-(n) a frame or fence for jumping over in a race:** موانع توی مسابقه دو **2- (n) a problem that you have to deal with before you can make progress:** * Getting a work permit was the first hurdle to overcome. * The cost of this exercise is proving to be a major hurdle. * "many would like to emigrate to the United States, but face formidable hurdles" * **overcome a hurdle** ...................................................................................................... **impediment** هم مشکل و هم فیزیکی **(n) something that makes progress, movement, or achieving something difficult or impossible** **impediment to** In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional impediment to progress. "a serious impediment to scientific progress" The lack of funds is a **main/major impediment to** research. The ilmuhaber is never fully transcribed, but the record invariably tells us that it guaranteed that the bride had no **legal impediment to** matrimony. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : impede مانع ( پیشرفت، موفقیت. . . ) شدن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : impediment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : impeded ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ........................................................................................... **obstacle** هم مشکل و هم فیزیکی **(n) something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult** * The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road. * This decision has removed the last obstacle to the hostages' release. * We suddenly encountered an obstacle along the trail. * Money seems to be no obstacle. * "the major obstacle to achieving that goal is money" .......................................................................................................... **barrier** هم مشکل و هم فیزیکی **1-(n) a long pole, fence, wall, or natural feature, such as a mountain or sea, that stops people from going somewhere** * Barriers have been erected all along the route the Pope will take. * The mountains acted as a natural barrier to the spread of the disease. **2-(n) anything used or acting to block someone from going somewhere or from doing something, or to block something from happening** * ackie Robinson was the African-American who succeeded in breaking major league baseball’s color barrier (= use of race to block something from happening). * a language barrier * One cultural barrier in this country is the low esteem that used to be accorded to engineering.

Answer 326

مانع - عامل بازدارنده - عامل ممانعت کننده

Question 327

(phrase) the moment at which something begins, and especially something uncomfortable or unpleasant | شروع چیزی ( معمولا یک چیز یا اتفاق ناخوشایند مانند یک بیماری )

Answer 327

**the onset of something** the onset of winter The new treatment can delay the onset of the disease by several years. The disease must be treated before the onset of symptoms. The loss in bone tissue increases after the onset of the menopause. Various signs may indicate the onset of dementia. The onset of puberty is a time of great bone growth. It often occurs with the onset of adolescence.

Question 328

**the onset of something** the onset of winter The new treatment can delay the onset of the disease by several years. The disease must be treated before the onset of symptoms. The loss in bone tissue increases after the onset of the menopause. Various signs may indicate the onset of dementia. The onset of puberty is a time of great bone growth. It often occurs with the onset of adolescence.

Answer 328

(phrase) the moment at which something begins, and especially something uncomfortable or unpleasant | شروع چیزی ( معمولا یک چیز یا اتفاق ناخوشایند مانند یک بیماری )

Question 329

(n) an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to (n) a written or spoken description or record of an event (n, idiom) reason (n, idiom) importance (v) to think of someone or something in the stated way: ## Footnote ۱- حساب ۲- شرح، روایت، گزارش، نقل ۳- دلیل ( کل ایدیوم به معنی "به دلیل چیزی" است) ۴- اهمیت ( کل ایدیوم به معنی "مهم نبودن یا کم اهمیت بودن" است) ۵- کسی یا چیزی را جوری یا چیزی حساب و فرض کردن

Answer 329

**account** I withdrew my money and asked the bank to close my account. ..................................................................................................... She **gave** a thrilling **account of** her life in the jungle. He **kept** a detailed **account of** the suspect's movements. Several eyewitnesses' accounts differed considerably from the official version of events. **by/from all accounts** = as said by most people همانطور که اکثر مردم می گویند * By all accounts, San Francisco is a city that's easy to fall in love with. * His books, from all accounts, are extremely entertaining. * By all accounts, the results of this election will be very close. * She was, by all accounts, a gifted and popular teacher. * From all accounts, their relationship was a happy one. **by your/her/his/their own account** برحسب حرف کسی * By his own account, he's quite wealthy. * She married someone who, by her own account, wasn't very kind to her. ...................................................................................... **on account of something** به دلیل چیزی ، به خاطرچیزی * He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his poor health. * Organizers were forced to cancel the event on account of the extremely hot weather. * She was chosen as commencement speaker on account of the fact that she was an alumna of the school. * Dinner was somewhat delayed on account of David's rather tardy arrival. **on someone's account** به خاطر کسی **because of that person or thing** I'm not very hungry, so please don't cook on my account (= don't cook just for me). They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic on that account. ........................................................................................... **be of no/little account** = to not be important مهم نبودن یا کم اهمیت بودن It's of no account to me whether he comes or not. His opinion is of little account to me. As I stood there, I felt that my previous life had been of no account. It is of no account whether the documents belong to him. He knew his father would be angry, but it was of little account. ................................................................ She was accounted a genius by all who knew her work. "her visit could not be accounted a success" ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................. **بقیه معانی به شکل ایدیوم** .................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... **be brought/called to account** mostly uk **to be forced to explain something you did wrong, and usually to be punished** مورد بازخواست قرار دادن * We must ensure that the people responsible for the violence are brought to account. .................................................................................................................... **hold someone to account** پاسخگو کردن **to make someone accept that they are responsible for something and explain their actions or decisions** * Holding those in power to account is the essence of democracy. * Who can we hold to account for this most shameful episode in the nation's history? ............................................................................................................... **must on no account/not on any account** به هیچ وجه نباید **If something must on no account/not on any account be done, it must not be done at any time or for any reason** * Employees must on no account make personal phone calls from the office. * These records must not on any account be changed ......................................................................................................... **take something into account** چیزی را در نظر گرفتن **to consider or remember something when judging a situation:** * A good architect takes into account the building's surroundings. * The UK's tax system takes no account of children. ....................................................................................................... **turn/use something to good account** UK formal **to use your skills and abilities to produce good results:** از مهارتی به خوبی استفاده کردن * I think we'd all agree that you turned your negotiating skills to very good account in this afternoon's meeting. ................................................................................................... **account (to someone) for something** **to explain the reason for something or the cause of something:** توضیح دادن دلیل چیزی * Can you account for your absence last Friday? * She was unable to account for over $5,000 (= she could not explain where the money was). * He has to account to his manager for (= tell his manager about and explain) all his movements. ..................................................................................................... **account for something** **1-to form the total of something:** تشکیل دادن، تشکیل دهنده چیزی بودن * Students account for the vast majority of our customers. * High-tech companies account for 32% of the total value of the payrolls in the area. **2- to give a reason or explanation for (something)** دلیل چیزی بودن * These new features account for the computer's higher price. * Rural Americans are often older than those in other parts of America and that may account for the slower adoption rates for internet access.

Question 330

**account** I withdrew my money and asked the bank to close my account. ..................................................................................................... She **gave** a thrilling **account of** her life in the jungle. He **kept** a detailed **account of** the suspect's movements. Several eyewitnesses' accounts differed considerably from the official version of events. **by/from all accounts** = as said by most people همانطور که اکثر مردم می گویند * By all accounts, San Francisco is a city that's easy to fall in love with. * His books, from all accounts, are extremely entertaining. * By all accounts, the results of this election will be very close. * She was, by all accounts, a gifted and popular teacher. * From all accounts, their relationship was a happy one. **by your/her/his/their own account** برحسب حرف کسی * By his own account, he's quite wealthy. * She married someone who, by her own account, wasn't very kind to her. ...................................................................................... **on account of something** به دلیل چیزی ، به خاطرچیزی * He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his poor health. * Organizers were forced to cancel the event on account of the extremely hot weather. * She was chosen as commencement speaker on account of the fact that she was an alumna of the school. * Dinner was somewhat delayed on account of David's rather tardy arrival. **on someone's account** به خاطر کسی **because of that person or thing** I'm not very hungry, so please don't cook on my account (= don't cook just for me). They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic on that account. ........................................................................................... **be of no/little account** = to not be important مهم نبودن یا کم اهمیت بودن It's of no account to me whether he comes or not. His opinion is of little account to me. As I stood there, I felt that my previous life had been of no account. It is of no account whether the documents belong to him. He knew his father would be angry, but it was of little account. ................................................................ She was accounted a genius by all who knew her work. "her visit could not be accounted a success" ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................. **بقیه معانی به شکل ایدیوم** .................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... **be brought/called to account** mostly uk **to be forced to explain something you did wrong, and usually to be punished** مورد بازخواست قرار دادن * We must ensure that the people responsible for the violence are brought to account. .................................................................................................................... **hold someone to account** پاسخگو کردن **to make someone accept that they are responsible for something and explain their actions or decisions** * Holding those in power to account is the essence of democracy. * Who can we hold to account for this most shameful episode in the nation's history? ............................................................................................................... **must on no account/not on any account** به هیچ وجه نباید **If something must on no account/not on any account be done, it must not be done at any time or for any reason** * Employees must on no account make personal phone calls from the office. * These records must not on any account be changed ......................................................................................................... **take something into account** چیزی را در نظر گرفتن **to consider or remember something when judging a situation:** * A good architect takes into account the building's surroundings. * The UK's tax system takes no account of children. ....................................................................................................... **turn/use something to good account** UK formal **to use your skills and abilities to produce good results:** از مهارتی به خوبی استفاده کردن * I think we'd all agree that you turned your negotiating skills to very good account in this afternoon's meeting. ................................................................................................... **account (to someone) for something** **to explain the reason for something or the cause of something:** توضیح دادن دلیل چیزی * Can you account for your absence last Friday? * She was unable to account for over $5,000 (= she could not explain where the money was). * He has to account to his manager for (= tell his manager about and explain) all his movements. ..................................................................................................... **account for something** **1-to form the total of something:** تشکیل دادن، تشکیل دهنده چیزی بودن * Students account for the vast majority of our customers. * High-tech companies account for 32% of the total value of the payrolls in the area. **2- to give a reason or explanation for (something)** دلیل چیزی بودن * These new features account for the computer's higher price. * Rural Americans are often older than those in other parts of America and that may account for the slower adoption rates for internet access.

Answer 330

(n) an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to (n) a written or spoken description or record of an event (n, idiom) reason (n, idiom) importance (v) to think of someone or something in the stated way: ## Footnote ۱- حساب ۲- شرح، روایت، گزارش، نقل ۳- دلیل ( کل ایدیوم به معنی "به دلیل چیزی" است) ۴- اهمیت ( کل ایدیوم به معنی "مهم نبودن یا کم اهمیت بودن" است) ۵- کسی یا چیزی را جوری یا چیزی حساب و فرض کردن

Question 331

(v) to (cause to) slope in one direction, or to move the top part of the body in a particular direction (adj) (of meat) containing little fat. , (of a person or animal) thin and healthy, (of an industry or company) efficient and with no wastage. (adj) If a period of time is -, there is not enough of something, especially money or food, at that time (idiom & phrasal verb) to sit or stand with part of your body touching something as a support (idiom & phrasal verb) to put something against a wall or other surface so that it is supported (idiom & phrasal verb) to depend on someone or something (idiom & phrasal verb) to try to make someone do what you want by threatening or persuading them (idiom & phrasal verb) to be interested in something and be likely to do a particular activity ## Footnote ۱- خم کردن ۲- کم چرب(گوشت) - لاغر - کارآمد (شرکت یا صنعت) ۳- بی حاصل یا بی رزق و روزی ۴- تکیه دادن یا کردن ۵- تکیه دادن چیزی به ۶- تکیه کردن و وابسته بودن ۷- فشار وارد کردن به ، تحت فشار قرار دادن ، تهدید کردن و. . . . ۸- متمایل بودن به، متمایل شدن به، تمایل داشتن به، گراییدن به

Answer 331

**lean/ leaned, leant(uk) / leaned, leant(uk)** She leaned forward and whispered something in my ear. I sat down next to Bernard, who leaned over to me and said "You're late." Lean your head back a little. That fence is leaning to the right. ...................................................................... lean bacon/meat "his lean, muscular body" "staff were pruned, ostensibly to produce a leaner and fitter organization" ............................................................................................... It has been a particularly lean year for the education department. "the lean winter months" ......................................................................................... **lean (something) against/on something** **(idiom & phrasal verb) to sit or stand with part of your body touching something as a support** تکیه دادن یا کردن * He leaned against the wall. * She leaned her head on his shoulder. * Don't lean on me. .................................................................................................................. **lean something against/on something** **(idiom & phrasal verb) to put something against a wall or other surface so that it is supported:** تکیه دادن چیزی به * She leaned the brush against the wall. ............................................................................................................ **lean on someone/something** **1-(idiom & phrasal verb) to depend on someone or something:** تکیه کردن و وابسته بودن * He's always had his big brother to lean on. * They had leaned on the dictionary as the authority that answered all their questions. **2- (idiom & phrasal verb) to try to make someone do what you want by threatening or persuading them:** فشار وارد کردن به ، تحت فشار قرار دادن ، تهدید کردن * We may have to lean on them a little if we want our money. ....................................................................................................................... **lean toward sth** **(idiom & phrasal verb) to be interested in something and be likely to do a particular activity:** متمایل بودن به، متمایل شدن به، تمایل داشتن به، گراییدن به * He said he was leaning toward entering the race for governor. * She's not sure what she wants to do, but she's leaning towards medicine. * Politically, I lean towards the right.

Question 332

**lean/ leaned, leant(uk) / leaned, leant(uk)** She leaned forward and whispered something in my ear. I sat down next to Bernard, who leaned over to me and said "You're late." Lean your head back a little. That fence is leaning to the right. ...................................................................... lean bacon/meat "his lean, muscular body" "staff were pruned, ostensibly to produce a leaner and fitter organization" ............................................................................................... It has been a particularly lean year for the education department. "the lean winter months" ......................................................................................... **lean (something) against/on something** **(idiom & phrasal verb) to sit or stand with part of your body touching something as a support** تکیه دادن یا کردن * He leaned against the wall. * She leaned her head on his shoulder. * Don't lean on me. .................................................................................................................. **lean something against/on something** **(idiom & phrasal verb) to put something against a wall or other surface so that it is supported:** تکیه دادن چیزی به * She leaned the brush against the wall. ............................................................................................................ **lean on someone/something** **1-(idiom & phrasal verb) to depend on someone or something:** تکیه کردن و وابسته بودن * He's always had his big brother to lean on. * They had leaned on the dictionary as the authority that answered all their questions. **2- (idiom & phrasal verb) to try to make someone do what you want by threatening or persuading them:** فشار وارد کردن به ، تحت فشار قرار دادن ، تهدید کردن * We may have to lean on them a little if we want our money. ....................................................................................................................... **lean toward sth** **(idiom & phrasal verb) to be interested in something and be likely to do a particular activity:** متمایل بودن به، متمایل شدن به، تمایل داشتن به، گراییدن به * He said he was leaning toward entering the race for governor. * She's not sure what she wants to do, but she's leaning towards medicine. * Politically, I lean towards the right. ## Footnote ۱- خم کردن ۲- کم چرب(گوشت) - لاغر - کارآمد (شرکت یا صنعت) ۳- بی حاصل یا بی رزق و روزی ۴- تکیه دادن یا کردن ۵- تکیه دادن چیزی به ۶- تکیه کردن و وابسته بودن ۷- فشار وارد کردن به ، تحت فشار قرار دادن ، تهدید کردن و. . . . ۸- متمایل بودن به، متمایل شدن به، تمایل داشتن به، گراییدن به

Answer 332

(v) to (cause to) slope in one direction, or to move the top part of the body in a particular direction (adj) (of meat) containing little fat. , (of a person or animal) thin and healthy, (of an industry or company) efficient and with no wastage. (adj) If a period of time is -, there is not enough of something, especially money or food, at that time (idiom & phrasal verb) to sit or stand with part of your body touching something as a support (idiom & phrasal verb) to put something against a wall or other surface so that it is supported (idiom & phrasal verb) to depend on someone or something (idiom & phrasal verb) to try to make someone do what you want by threatening or persuading them (idiom & phrasal verb) to be interested in something and be likely to do a particular activity

Question 333

(n) the state of being likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease | پیش زمینه ، استعداد بیماری یا رفتار منفی

Answer 333

**predisposition** **predisposition (to/towards something) | predisposition (to do something)** She has an annoying predisposition to find fault. There is evidence that a predisposition to(wards) asthma runs in families. "a child may inherit a predisposition to schizophrenia" a genetic predisposition to liver disease There was an inherited predisposition to alcoholism. These are parents with a predisposition to worry. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : predispose مستعد کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : predisposition ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : predisposed ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ............................................................................. **be predisposed to/towards something** **to be more likely than other people to have a medical condition or to behave in a particular way** مستعد یک بیماری بودن، تمایل به انجام کاری داشتن * Researchers have discovered that the children of these patients are genetically predisposed to cancer. * The president is predisposed towards negotiation and favours a peaceful way of resolving the crisis.

Question 334

**predisposition** **predisposition (to/towards something) | predisposition (to do something)** She has an annoying predisposition to find fault. There is evidence that a predisposition to(wards) asthma runs in families. "a child may inherit a predisposition to schizophrenia" a genetic predisposition to liver disease There was an inherited predisposition to alcoholism. These are parents with a predisposition to worry. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : predispose مستعد کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : predisposition ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : predisposed ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ............................................................................. **be predisposed to/towards something** **to be more likely than other people to have a medical condition or to behave in a particular way** مستعد یک بیماری بودن، تمایل به انجام کاری داشتن * Researchers have discovered that the children of these patients are genetically predisposed to cancer. * The president is predisposed towards negotiation and favours a peaceful way of resolving the crisis. | پیش زمینه ، استعداد بیماری یا رفتار منفی

Answer 334

(n) the state of being likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease

Question 335

(adj) not showing purpose, meaning, or intelligence; empty: | پوچ و بی معنی - احمقانه

Answer 335

**vacuous** a vacuous remark/question/expression/smile To seem real to your readers, your characters must not be vacuous, but complex human beings with ordinary difficulties and goals. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vacuity / vacuousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vacuous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vacuously

Question 336

**vacuous** a vacuous remark/question/expression/smile To seem real to your readers, your characters must not be vacuous, but complex human beings with ordinary difficulties and goals. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vacuity / vacuousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vacuous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vacuously

Answer 336

(adj) not showing purpose, meaning, or intelligence; empty: | پوچ و بی معنی - احمقانه

Question 337

(v) to represent or show something or somebody in a picture or story, a drawing, painting, or other art form. (v) to describe something in words, or give an impression of something in words or with a picture | به تصویر کشیدن ## Footnote 1- به تصویر کشیدن (در یکی از فرم های هنر) 2- به تصویر کشیدن (شرح دادن. توصیف کردن)

Answer 337

**depict** **depict somebody/something (as somebody/something)** a painting depicting the Virgin and Child Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last century. **depict somebody/something doing something** The artist had depicted her lying on a bed. ...................................................................................................... **depict somebody/something** The novel depicts French society in the 1930s. **depict somebody/something as somebody/something** The advertisements depicted smoking as glamorous and attractive. **(n) depiction**

Question 338

**depict** **depict somebody/something (as somebody/something)** a painting depicting the Virgin and Child Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last century. **depict somebody/something doing something** The artist had depicted her lying on a bed. ...................................................................................................... **depict somebody/something** The novel depicts French society in the 1930s. **depict somebody/something as somebody/something** The advertisements depicted smoking as glamorous and attractive. **(n) depiction**

Answer 338

(v) to represent or show something or somebody in a picture or story, a drawing, painting, or other art form. (v) to describe something in words, or give an impression of something in words or with a picture | به تصویر کشیدن ## Footnote 1- به تصویر کشیدن (در یکی از فرم های هنر) 2- به تصویر کشیدن (شرح دادن. توصیف کردن)

Question 339

(v) to keep someone completely interested= fascinate, captivate | مجذوب کردن

Answer 339

**enthrall** **(be) enthralled (by something)** The child watched, enthralled by the bright moving images. The children listened enthralled as the storyteller unfolded her tale. **be enthralled with something** They were enthralled with the play. **enthral (somebody)** This book will enthral readers of all ages. The story never fails to enthral. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : enthrall ( enthral ) ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enthrallment ( enthralment ) مجذوب شدگی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enthralling مجذوب کننده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : enthrallingly

Question 340

**enthrall** **(be) enthralled (by something)** The child watched, enthralled by the bright moving images. The children listened enthralled as the storyteller unfolded her tale. **be enthralled with something** They were enthralled with the play. **enthral (somebody)** This book will enthral readers of all ages. The story never fails to enthral. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : enthrall ( enthral ) ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enthrallment ( enthralment ) مجذوب شدگی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enthralling مجذوب کننده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : enthrallingly

Answer 340

(v) to keep someone completely interested= fascinate, captivate | مجذوب کردن

Question 341

(often passive, v) to supply money to a business so that it can operate or develop, or to get enough money to do this (phrasal verb) to use a situation to your own advantage = take advantage of | با پول تامین شدن -استفاده کردن از موقعیت به نفع خود

Answer 341

**capitalize** **be capitalized at sth** "a highly capitalized industry" He said that he expected most companies that are capitalized at $500,000 or more to be listed on the stock exchange . .............................................. **capitalize on/upon something** The team failed to capitalize on their early lead. She capitalized on her knowledge and experience to get a better job. She capitalized on her experience to get a better paying job. "do they have what it takes to capitalize on this emerging opportunity?" ................................................................. **capital** = سرمایه **[uncountable] wealth or property that is owned by a business or a person and can be invested or used to start a business** * share/investment/equity capital * He had various ideas on how to raise capital for the project. * a guide to investing capital in new markets * Our capital is all tied up in property. * capital investment (= money invested in a business) * capital expenditure/spending (= money that an organization spends on buildings, equipment, etc.) * capital costs/assets * the capital value of the property **[singular] an amount of money that is invested or is used to start a business** * to set up a business with a starting capital of £100 000

Question 342

**capitalize** **be capitalized at sth** "a highly capitalized industry" He said that he expected most companies that are capitalized at $500,000 or more to be listed on the stock exchange . .............................................. **capitalize on/upon something** The team failed to capitalize on their early lead. She capitalized on her knowledge and experience to get a better job. She capitalized on her experience to get a better paying job. "do they have what it takes to capitalize on this emerging opportunity?" ................................................................. **capital** = سرمایه **[uncountable] wealth or property that is owned by a business or a person and can be invested or used to start a business** * share/investment/equity capital * He had various ideas on how to raise capital for the project. * a guide to investing capital in new markets * Our capital is all tied up in property. * capital investment (= money invested in a business) * capital expenditure/spending (= money that an organization spends on buildings, equipment, etc.) * capital costs/assets * the capital value of the property **[singular] an amount of money that is invested or is used to start a business** * to set up a business with a starting capital of £100 000

Answer 342

(often passive, v) to supply money to a business so that it can operate or develop, or to get enough money to do this (phrasal verb) to use a situation to your own advantage = take advantage of | با پول تامین شدن -استفاده کردن از موقعیت به نفع خود

Question 343

(v) to remove all signs of something, either by destroying or covering it completely ## Footnote ۱. محو کردن، پوشاندن چیزی ۲. از بین بردن. نابود کردن

Answer 343

**obliterate** The building was completely obliterated by the bomb. The snow had obliterated their footprints. Everything that happened that night was obliterated from his memory. All of a sudden the view was obliterated by the fog. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : obliterate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obliteration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 344

**obliterate** The building was completely obliterated by the bomb. The snow had obliterated their footprints. Everything that happened that night was obliterated from his memory. All of a sudden the view was obliterated by the fog. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : obliterate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obliteration ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 344

(v) to remove all signs of something, either by destroying or covering it completely ## Footnote ۱. محو کردن، پوشاندن چیزی ۲. از بین بردن. نابود کردن

Question 345

(adj) having started and it is happening now (phrasal verb) to begin: ## Footnote 1- در حال انجام، در دست پیشرفت 2- چیزی را شروع کردن - چیزی شروع شدن

Answer 345

**underway** Economic recovery is already under way. Preparations are well underway for a week of special events in May. Economic recovery is **already underway**. .................................................... **get underway** It’s time to get this project underway (= started). The film festival gets underway on 11 July . The race for the White House was just getting underway. As the third week of attacks gets underway, calls for a ceasefire are growing. Clinical trials soon got underway at several hospitals. We are waiting anxiously for his trial to get underway.

Question 346

**underway** Economic recovery is already under way. Preparations are well underway for a week of special events in May. Economic recovery is **already underway**. .................................................... **get underway** It’s time to get this project underway (= started). The film festival gets underway on 11 July . The race for the White House was just getting underway. As the third week of attacks gets underway, calls for a ceasefire are growing. Clinical trials soon got underway at several hospitals. We are waiting anxiously for his trial to get underway.

Answer 346

(adj) having started and it is happening now (phrasal verb) to begin: ## Footnote 1- در حال انجام، در دست پیشرفت 2- چیزی را شروع کردن - چیزی شروع شدن

Question 347

(n) a new activity, usually in business and investment, that involves risk or uncertainty: (v) to risk going somewhere or doing something that might be dangerous or unpleasant, or to risk saying something that might be criticized ## Footnote ۱- سرمایه گذاری ریسکی یا کار ریسکی ۲- ریسک کردن رفتن به جایی یا انجام کاری (که ممکن است خطرناک یا ناخوشایند باشد)

Answer 347

**venture** She advised us to look abroad for more lucrative business ventures. There are many joint ventures between American and Japanese companies. ............................................................................... He wanted to **venture into** the mountainous wilderness of the countryside. She rarely ventured outside, except when she went to stock up on groceries. As we set off into the forest, we felt as though we were venturing (forth) into the unknown. She tentatively ventured the opinion that the project would be too expensive to complete, but the boss ignored her.

Question 348

**venture** She advised us to look abroad for more lucrative business ventures. There are many joint ventures between American and Japanese companies. ............................................................................... He wanted to **venture into** the mountainous wilderness of the countryside. She rarely ventured outside, except when she went to stock up on groceries. As we set off into the forest, we felt as though we were venturing (forth) into the unknown. She tentatively ventured the opinion that the project would be too expensive to complete, but the boss ignored her.

Answer 348

(n) a new activity, usually in business and investment, that involves risk or uncertainty: (v) to risk going somewhere or doing something that might be dangerous or unpleasant, or to risk saying something that might be criticized ## Footnote ۱- سرمایه گذاری ریسکی یا کار ریسکی ۲- ریسک کردن رفتن به جایی یا انجام کاری (که ممکن است خطرناک یا ناخوشایند باشد)

Question 349

(v) to stop or make a mistake when you are reading to people or speaking (phrasal verb) to discover something by chance, or to meet someone by chance = come across= encounter ## Footnote تلو خوردن، از دست دادن تعادل ( هنگام راه رفتن ) ● تته پته کردن ( هنگام صحبت یا سخنرانی ) ■ اگر با حرف اضافه across یا upon بیاد معنی " برخوردن به چیزی ( اتفاقی ) " میده

Answer 349

**stumble** **stumble over/at/through** =>I hope I don’t stumble over any of the long words. * I was so nervous during the first performance that I kept stumbling over my words. * She recited the whole poem without stumbling once. ............................................................................................... **stumble on/across/upon something** * Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson’s disease * Workmen stumbled upon the mosaic while digging foundations for a new building.

Question 350

**stumble** **stumble over/at/through** =>I hope I don’t stumble over any of the long words. * I was so nervous during the first performance that I kept stumbling over my words. * She recited the whole poem without stumbling once. ............................................................................................... **stumble on/across/upon something** * Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson’s disease * Workmen stumbled upon the mosaic while digging foundations for a new building.

Answer 350

(v) to stop or make a mistake when you are reading to people or speaking (phrasal verb) to discover something by chance, or to meet someone by chance = come across= encounter ## Footnote تلو خوردن، از دست دادن تعادل ( هنگام راه رفتن ) ● تته پته کردن ( هنگام صحبت یا سخنرانی ) ■ اگر با حرف اضافه across یا upon بیاد معنی " برخوردن به چیزی ( اتفاقی ) " میده

Question 351

(v) go into or through (something, somewhere , or someone), especially with force or effort. (v) to understand something, or to be understood as a result of study or investigation | نفوذ کردن

Answer 351

**penetrate** Amazingly, the bullet did not penetrate his brain. The organization had been penetrated by a spy. ......................................................................................................... Her writing penetrated to the heart of contemporary life. "as his words penetrated, she saw a mental picture of him with Dawn" فعل ( verb ) : penetrate اسم ( noun ) : penetration صفت ( adjective ) : penetrating / penetrable / penetrative قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 352

**penetrate** Amazingly, the bullet did not penetrate his brain. The organization had been penetrated by a spy. ......................................................................................................... Her writing penetrated to the heart of contemporary life. "as his words penetrated, she saw a mental picture of him with Dawn" فعل ( verb ) : penetrate اسم ( noun ) : penetration صفت ( adjective ) : penetrating / penetrable / penetrative قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 352

(v) go into or through (something, somewhere , or someone), especially with force or effort. (v) to understand something, or to be understood as a result of study or investigation | نفوذ کردن

Question 353

(adj) complete and not damaged | سالم و دست نخورده، آسیب دیده

Answer 353

**intact** Most of the house **remains intact** even after two hundred years. He emerged from the trial with his reputation intact The church was destroyed in the bombing but the altar survived intact.

Question 354

**intact** Most of the house **remains intact** even after two hundred years. He emerged from the trial with his reputation intact The church was destroyed in the bombing but the altar survived intact.

Answer 354

(adj) complete and not damaged | سالم و دست نخورده، آسیب دیده

Question 355

(v) (of ice, snow, or another frozen substance, such as food) become liquid or soft as a result of warming up. (v) to become friendlier or more relaxed (n) a period of warmer weather that thaws ice and snow. (n) an increase in friendliness: | آب شدن (چیزی یا رابطه ای)

Answer 355

**thaw** Allow the meat to thaw completely before cooking it. The sun came out and thawed the ice. It's beginning to thaw (= the weather is warm enough for snow and ice to melt). "the river thawed and barges of food began to reach the capital" .................................................................................................... The report shows that **relations** between the two enemies may be **thawing**. .................................................................................................... "the thaw came yesterday afternoon" There was an early thaw this year. ....................................................................................................... There are signs of a thaw in relations between the two countries.

Question 356

**thaw** Allow the meat to thaw completely before cooking it. The sun came out and thawed the ice. It's beginning to thaw (= the weather is warm enough for snow and ice to melt). "the river thawed and barges of food began to reach the capital" .................................................................................................... The report shows that **relations** between the two enemies may be **thawing**. .................................................................................................... "the thaw came yesterday afternoon" There was an early thaw this year. ....................................................................................................... There are signs of a thaw in relations between the two countries.

Answer 356

(v) (of ice, snow, or another frozen substance, such as food) become liquid or soft as a result of warming up. (v) to become friendlier or more relaxed (n) a period of warmer weather that thaws ice and snow. (n) an increase in friendliness: | آب شدن (چیزی یا رابطه ای)

Question 357

(v) to go in different directions from the same point, or to become different: | از هم جدا شدن ، واگرا شدن

Answer 357

**diverge** The parallel lines appear to diverge. We went through school and college together, but then our paths diverged. **diverge from something** The coastal road diverges from the freeway just north of Santa Monica. Many species have diverged from a single ancestor. It is thought that the two species diverged about 130 million years ago. The tone of the final report isn’t likely to diverge much from the earlier report. فعل ( verb ) : diverge اسم ( noun ) : divergence صفت ( adjective ) : divergent قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 358

**diverge** The parallel lines appear to diverge. We went through school and college together, but then our paths diverged. **diverge from something** The coastal road diverges from the freeway just north of Santa Monica. Many species have diverged from a single ancestor. It is thought that the two species diverged about 130 million years ago. The tone of the final report isn’t likely to diverge much from the earlier report. فعل ( verb ) : diverge اسم ( noun ) : divergence صفت ( adjective ) : divergent قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 358

(v) to go in different directions from the same point, or to become different: | از هم جدا شدن ، واگرا شدن

Question 359

(v) to move toward the same point and come closer together or meet | -به هم نزدیک شدن ، همگرا بودن یا شدن - جمع شدن. گرد آمدن

Answer 359

**converge** **converge at** The paths all converge at the main gate of the park. **converge into** Due to roadworks, three lanes of traffic have to converge into two. **converged on** Thousands of supporters converged on London for the rally. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : converge ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : convergence ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : convergent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 360

(v) to move toward the same point and come closer together or meet

Answer 360

**converge** **converge at** The paths all converge at the main gate of the park. **converge into** Due to roadworks, three lanes of traffic have to converge into two. **converged on** Thousands of supporters converged on London for the rally. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : converge ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : convergence ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : convergent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | به هم نزدیک شدن ، همگرا بودن یا شدن - جمع شدن. گرد آمدن

Question 361

(v) to include a wide range of ideas, subjects, etc (v) to completely cover or surround something | شامل بودن-در بر گرفتن

Answer 361

**encompass** The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation. The plan encompasses repaving the street and planting 40 new trees. The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. The group encompasses all ages. ................................................................... The houses encompassed about 100 square metres The fog soon encompassed the whole valley.

Question 362

**encompass** The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation. The plan encompasses repaving the street and planting 40 new trees. The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. The group encompasses all ages. ................................................................... The houses encompassed about 100 square metres The fog soon encompassed the whole valley.

Answer 362

(v) to include a wide range of ideas, subjects, etc (v) to completely cover or surround something | شامل بودن-در بر گرفتن

Question 363

(adj) (of speech and writing) clear enough to be understood = understandable | قابل فهم

Answer 363

**intelligible (to somebody)** His lecture was readily intelligible to all the students. The child’s speech was barely intelligible. She was so upset when she spoke that she was hardly intelligible. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : intelligence / intelligibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : intelligent / intelligible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : intelligently / intelligibly

Question 364

**intelligible (to somebody)** His lecture was readily intelligible to all the students. The child’s speech was barely intelligible. She was so upset when she spoke that she was hardly intelligible. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : intelligence / intelligibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : intelligent / intelligible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : intelligently / intelligibly

Answer 364

(adj) (of speech and writing) clear enough to be understood = understandable | قابل فهم

Question 365

(n) a person or an organization that helps other people or organizations to make an agreement by being a means of communication between them | واسط ، واسطه گر

Answer 365

**intermediary (between A and B)** Financial institutions act as intermediaries between lenders and borrowers. All talks have so far been conducted through an intermediary. | = mediator, a go-between

Question 366

**intermediary (between A and B)** Financial institutions act as intermediaries between lenders and borrowers. All talks have so far been conducted through an intermediary.

Answer 366

(n) a person or an organization that helps other people or organizations to make an agreement by being a means of communication between them | واسط ، واسطه گر

Question 367

(adj) making somebody feel nervous and less confident about their ability to doing something = intimidating, discouraging | دلهره آور

Answer 367

**daunting** She has the daunting task of cooking for 20 people every day. Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect "Stepping on court against a four-year-old shouldn't be a daunting prospect." "He faces the daunting prospect of up to three different exams in one day." "the job will seem less daunting if you break it up into smaller elements" "For our police to be both effective and humane is a daunting task." فعل ( verb ) : daunt اسم ( noun ) : _ صفت ( adjective ) : daunting / dauntless قید ( adverb ) : dauntingly

Question 368

**daunting** She has the daunting task of cooking for 20 people every day. Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect "Stepping on court against a four-year-old shouldn't be a daunting prospect." "He faces the daunting prospect of up to three different exams in one day." "the job will seem less daunting if you break it up into smaller elements" "For our police to be both effective and humane is a daunting task." فعل ( verb ) : daunt اسم ( noun ) : _ صفت ( adjective ) : daunting / dauntless قید ( adverb ) : dauntingly

Answer 368

(adj) making somebody feel nervous and less confident about their ability to doing something = intimidating, discouraging | دلهره آور

Question 369

(adj)(of a country or region) having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs (independent and having the power to make decisions for yourself) | خود مختار

Answer 369

**autonomous** the federation included sixteen autonomous republics The company's divisions, which have been largely autonomous up to now, will be centralized under the newly appointed CEO. The country now has 17 autonomous regions, each with a distinct culture. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : autonomy=خودمختاری ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : autonomous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : autonomously | =independent

Question 370

**autonomous** the federation included sixteen autonomous republics The company's divisions, which have been largely autonomous up to now, will be centralized under the newly appointed CEO. The country now has 17 autonomous regions, each with a distinct culture. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : autonomy=خودمختاری ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : autonomous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : autonomously

Answer 370

(adj)(of a country or region) having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs (independent and having the power to make decisions for yourself) | خود مختار

Question 371

(n) the feeling that there is no hope and that you can do nothing to improve a difficult or worrying situation (v) lose or be without hope that a situation will change or improve | یاس و نامیدی - مایوس و نا امید شدن یا بودن

Answer 371

**despair** Hope began to fade, leaving a **mood/sense of despair**. They're **in (the depths of) despair over/about** the money they've lost. **to someone’s despair** To her teacher's despair, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. **drive someone to despair** Their fourth year without rain drove many farmers to despair. **be the despair of someone** He's the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job. .................................. Don't despair! We'll think of a way out of this. **despair of something/somebody** I despair of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months. **despair of doing something** They'd almost despaired of ever having children.

Question 372

**despair** Hope began to fade, leaving a **mood/sense of despair**. They're **in (the depths of) despair over/about** the money they've lost. **to someone’s despair** To her teacher's despair, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. **drive someone to despair** Their fourth year without rain drove many farmers to despair. **be the despair of someone** He's the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job. .................................. Don't despair! We'll think of a way out of this. **despair of something/somebody** I despair of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months. **despair of doing something** They'd almost despaired of ever having children.

Answer 372

(n) the feeling that there is no hope and that you can do nothing to improve a difficult or worrying situation (v) lose or be without hope that a situation will change or improve

Question 373

(idiom) cause an adverse effect. | تاثیر منفی گذاشتن

Answer 373

**take a/its toll** The constant stress takes its toll on emergency room workers. "years of pumping iron have taken their toll on his body" The problems of the past few months have taken their toll on her health and there are shadows under her eyes. The deepening recession has also taken its toll in the south of the country, where unemployment is rife.

Question 374

**take a/its toll** The constant stress takes its toll on emergency room workers. "years of pumping iron have taken their toll on his body" The problems of the past few months have taken their toll on her health and there are shadows under her eyes. The deepening recession has also taken its toll in the south of the country, where unemployment is rife.

Answer 374

(idiom) cause an adverse effect. | تاثیر منفی گذاشتن

Question 375

(v) (of a person, animal, or group) live in or occupy (a place or environment). | زندگی/سکونت کردن

Answer 375

**inhabit** "a bird that inhabits North America" These remote islands are inhabited only by birds. Some of the rare species that inhabit the area are under threat. He reflected on what a strange world Stephen and Veronica inhabited. فعل ( verb ) : inhabit اسم ( noun ) : inhabitant ساکنین / inhabitation سکونت / inhabitancy محل سکونت صفت ( adjective ) : inhabited / inhabitable قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 376

**inhabit** "a bird that inhabits North America" These remote islands are inhabited only by birds. Some of the rare species that inhabit the area are under threat. He reflected on what a strange world Stephen and Veronica inhabited. فعل ( verb ) : inhabit اسم ( noun ) : inhabitant ساکنین / inhabitation سکونت / inhabitancy محل سکونت صفت ( adjective ) : inhabited / inhabitable قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 376

(v) (of a person, animal, or group) live in or occupy (a place or environment). | زندگی/سکونت کردن

Question 377

(adj) (of things, esp: a business, government, etc.) experiencing difficulty and problems and getting weaker (adj) (of people or animals) weak and suffering from illness ## Footnote 1. کساد، راکد، بی رونق ( در مورد اقتصاد ) - مشکلدار 2. ناخوش ( در مورد حال جسمانی )

Answer 377

**ailing** the country's ailing economy Ted asked me if I could help him fix his ailing car. measures to help the ailing economy A new art gallery will give a boost to this ailing industrial city. ............................................................................. He's visiting his ailing father. "I went to see my ailing mother" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ail کساد و بی رونق کردن- یا مشکل دار کردن - مریض و ناخوش کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ailment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ailing ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ....................................................................................................... **ailment** **(n) an illness (usually that is not very serious)** * Treat minor ailments yourself. * "the doctor diagnosed a common stomach ailment" * a respiratory/stomach ailment

Question 378

**ailing** the country's ailing economy Ted asked me if I could help him fix his ailing car. measures to help the ailing economy A new art gallery will give a boost to this ailing industrial city. ............................................................................. He's visiting his ailing father. "I went to see my ailing mother" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ail کساد و بی رونق کردن- یا مشکل دار کردن - مریض و ناخوش کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ailment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ailing ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ....................................................................................................... **ailment** **(n) an illness (usually that is not very serious)** * Treat minor ailments yourself. * "the doctor diagnosed a common stomach ailment" * a respiratory/stomach ailment

Answer 378

(adj) (of things, esp: a business, government, etc.) experiencing difficulty and problems and getting weaker (adj) (of people or animals) weak and suffering from illness ## Footnote 1. کساد، راکد، بی رونق ( در مورد اقتصاد ) - مشکلدار 2. ناخوش ( در مورد حال جسمانی )

Question 379

(v) (of a problem or illness) to make someone or something suffer physically or mentally. (cause pain or trouble to; affect adversely.) | مبتلا شدن(پسیو) - گریبان گیر کردن (شدن پسیو)

Answer 379

**afflicted** **afflict somebody/something** Severe drought has afflicted the region. the many problems that afflict our society Aid will be sent to the afflicted areas. a country afflicted by civil war **be afflicted with something** About 40 per cent of the country's population is afflicted with the disease. Our city has been afflicted with a high crime rate for decades.

Question 380

**afflicted** **afflict somebody/something** Severe drought has afflicted the region. the many problems that afflict our society Aid will be sent to the afflicted areas. a country afflicted by civil war **be afflicted with something** About 40 per cent of the country's population is afflicted with the disease. Our city has been afflicted with a high crime rate for decades.

Answer 380

(v) (of a problem or illness) to make someone or something suffer physically or mentally. (cause pain or trouble to; affect adversely.) | مبتلا شدن(پسیو) - گریبان گیر کردن (شدن پسیو)

Question 381

(n) an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad, or difficult one: | وضع اسفناک

Answer 381

**plight** the plight of the poor/homeless Few of us can be unmoved by the plight of the refugees. My problems aren’t much compared with the plight of the storm victims. The African elephant is in a desperate plight.

Question 382

**plight** the plight of the poor/homeless Few of us can be unmoved by the plight of the refugees. My problems aren’t much compared with the plight of the storm victims. The African elephant is in a desperate plight.

Answer 382

(n) an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad, or difficult one: | وضع اسفناک

Question 383

(adj) very aggressive or violent; very strong | وحشی یا وحشیانه - شدید

Answer 383

**ferocious** a ferocious beast/attack/storm a man driven by ferocious determination ferocious opposition to the plan ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ferocity وحشیگری ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ferocious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ferociously

Question 384

**ferocious** a ferocious beast/attack/storm a man driven by ferocious determination ferocious opposition to the plan ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ferocity وحشیگری ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ferocious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ferociously

Answer 384

(adj) very aggressive or violent; very strong | وحشی یا وحشیانه - شدید

Question 385

(n) [usually plural] a part of something that is left after the other parts have been used, removed, destroyed, etc. = remains = leftover = residue | باقی مانده ، بقایا ( درجمع )

Answer 385

**remnant** The woods are remnants of a huge forest which once covered the whole area. Many of the traditions are remnants of a time when most people worked on the land.

Question 386

**remnant** The woods are remnants of a huge forest which once covered the whole area. Many of the traditions are remnants of a time when most people worked on the land.

Answer 386

(n) [usually plural] a part of something that is left after the other parts have been used, removed, destroyed, etc. = remains = leftover = residue | باقی مانده ، بقایا ( درجمع )

Question 387

(n) the relationship between two different living creatures that live close together and depend on each other in particular ways, each getting particular benefits from the other (n) a relationship between people, companies, etc. that is to the advantage of both | همزیستی

Answer 387

**symbiosis** The birds live in symbiosis with the cattle, picking insects from their skin to eat. ............................................................................................. She imagined us living in a perfect mother and daughter symbiosis. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : symbiosis ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : symbiotic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : symbiotically ............................................................................................................................... **(adj) symbiotic** همزیستانه = mutually beneficial Humans have a symbiotic relationship with trees. he fungi form symbiotic associations with the roots of plant species ............ a passionate, symbiotic love affair The two formed a close friendship and a symbiotic working relationship that lasted half a century.

Question 388

**symbiosis** The birds live in symbiosis with the cattle, picking insects from their skin to eat. ............................................................................................. She imagined us living in a perfect mother and daughter symbiosis. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : symbiosis همزیستی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : symbiotic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : symbiotically ............................................................................................................................... **(adj) symbiotic** همزیستانه = mutually beneficial Humans have a symbiotic relationship with trees. he fungi form symbiotic associations with the roots of plant species ............ a passionate, symbiotic love affair The two formed a close friendship and a symbiotic working relationship that lasted half a century.

Answer 388

(n) the relationship between two different living creatures that live close together and depend on each other in particular ways, each getting particular benefits from the other (n) a relationship between people, companies, etc. that is to the advantage of both

Question 389

(v) to live or exist together at the same time or in the same place, especially in a peaceful way | همزیستی کردن

Answer 389

**coexist** ​**coexist (with somebody/something)** The illness frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. English speakers now coexist peacefully with their Spanish-speaking neighbours. Different traditions coexist successfully side by side. What makes it difficult for the communities to coexist peacefully? **(n) coexistence** The two communities enjoyed a period of peaceful coexistence. the friendly coexistence of the two nations

Question 390

**coexist** ​**coexist (with somebody/something)** The illness frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. English speakers now coexist peacefully with their Spanish-speaking neighbours. Different traditions coexist successfully side by side. What makes it difficult for the communities to coexist peacefully? **(n) coexistence** The two communities enjoyed a period of peaceful coexistence. the friendly coexistence of the two nations

Answer 390

(v) to live or exist together at the same time or in the same place, especially in a peaceful way | همزیستی کردن

Question 391

(v) to make someone a legal citizen of a country that they were not born in: (v) to introduce a plant or an animal to a country where it is not native ## Footnote 1- شهروند کردن یا به تابعیت کشوری در آوردن - تابعیت دریافت کزدن 2- بومی کردن گیاه و جانور

Answer 391

**naturalize** a naturalized US citizen She has lived in Australia for a long time, and recently she was naturalized. They urged immigrants to learn English and to naturalize." "the opportunity to naturalize as British" .......................................................................... "the species was naturalized in Britain as early as 1620" The grey squirrel is now naturalized in Britain. Tulips, as a rule, do not naturalize well, and most species are therefore planted annually. **(n) naturalization** **(adj) naturalized**

Question 392

**naturalize** a naturalized US citizen She has lived in Australia for a long time, and recently she was naturalized. They urged immigrants to learn English and to naturalize." "the opportunity to naturalize as British" .......................................................................... "the species was naturalized in Britain as early as 1620" The grey squirrel is now naturalized in Britain. Tulips, as a rule, do not naturalize well, and most species are therefore planted annually. **(n) naturalization** **(adj) naturalized**

Answer 392

(v) to make someone a legal citizen of a country that they were not born in: (v) to introduce a plant or an animal to a country where it is not native ## Footnote 1- شهروند کردن یا به تابعیت کشوری در آوردن - تابعیت دریافت کردن 2- بومی کردن گیاه و جانور

Question 393

(n) the study of family history, including the study of who the ancestors of a particular person were (n) a particular person’s line of ancestors; a diagram that shows this ## Footnote ۱- تبارشناسی، نَسَب شناسی، شجره نامه شناسی ۲- شجره نامه

Answer 393

**genealogy** "I am an expert in genealogy" "we both studied genealogy for many years" ................................................................................ "the genealogies of the kings of Mercia" "we traced our genealogy back several generations" **(adj) genealogical** **(adv) genealogically** **(n) genealogist**

Question 394

**genealogy** "I am an expert in genealogy" "we both studied genealogy for many years" ................................................................................ "the genealogies of the kings of Mercia" "we traced our genealogy back several generations" **(adj) genealogical** **(adv) genealogically** **(n) genealogist**

Answer 394

(n) the study of family history, including the study of who the ancestors of a particular person were (n) a particular person’s line of ancestors; a diagram that shows this ## Footnote ۱- تبارشناسی، نَسَب شناسی، شجره نامه شناسی ۲- شجره نامه

Question 395

(n) the ability of something, especially a drug or a medical treatment, to produce the results that are wanted = effectiveness | اثربخشی

Answer 395

**efficacy** to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment The drug's efficacy has been questioned by consumer advocates. The study is a serious attempt to understand the efficacy of cash incentives as a way of promoting learning. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : efficacy = effectiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : efficacious = able to produce the intended result= effective ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : efficaciously = effectively ............................................................................................. **Efficacy** is getting things done. It is the ability to produce a desired amount of the desired effect, or success in achieving a given goal. **Efficiency** is doing things in the most economical way | = effectiveness

Question 396

**efficacy** to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment The drug's efficacy has been questioned by consumer advocates. The study is a serious attempt to understand the efficacy of cash incentives as a way of promoting learning. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : efficacy = effectiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : efficacious = able to produce the intended result= effective ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : efficaciously = effectively ............................................................................................. **Efficacy** is getting things done. It is the ability to produce a desired amount of the desired effect, or success in achieving a given goal. **Efficiency** is doing things in the most economical way

Answer 396

(n) the ability of something, especially a drug or a medical treatment, to produce the results that are wanted = effectiveness | اثربخشی

Question 397

(adj) very loud; involving strong feelings, especially feelings of approval (adj) involving many difficulties and a lot of change and often violence | پر سر و صدا و همهمه و هیاهو و، پر غوغا - پر فراز و نشیب

Answer 397

**tumultuous** tumultuous applause a tumultuous reception/welcome "a tumultuous crowd" .................................................................................. the tumultuous years of the English Civil War It was a tumultuous time in her life. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tumult= A state of noisy confusion,بلبشو ، سر و صدا، غوغا، همهمه، هیاهو ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tumultuous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tumultuously

Question 398

**tumultuous** tumultuous applause a tumultuous reception/welcome "a tumultuous crowd" .................................................................................. the tumultuous years of the English Civil War It was a tumultuous time in her life. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tumult= A state of noisy confusion,بلبشو ، سر و صدا، غوغا، همهمه، هیاهو ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tumultuous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tumultuously

Answer 398

(adj) very loud; involving strong feelings, especially feelings of approval (adj) involving many difficulties and a lot of change and often violence | پر سر و صدا و همهمه و هیاهو و، پر غوغا - پر فراز و نشیب

Question 399

(adj) relating to a large or capital city | کلان شهری

Answer 399

**Metropolitan** (also North American English, informal **metro**) the New York metropolitan area / districts/regions the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York He was drawn to the metropolitan glamour and excitement of Paris. ...................................................................... **metropolis** کلان شهر = megalopolis = megacity **(n) the capital or chief city of a country or region.** Chicago is a major metropolis.

Question 400

**Metropolitan** (also North American English, informal **metro**) the New York metropolitan area / districts/regions the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York He was drawn to the metropolitan glamour and excitement of Paris. ...................................................................... **metropolis** کلان شهر = megalopolis = megacity **(n) the capital or chief city of a country or region.** Chicago is a major metropolis.

Answer 400

(adj) relating to a large or capital city | کلان شهری

Question 401

(n) rain, snow, etc. that falls; the amount of this that falls (v) a chemical process in which solid material is separated from a liquid | بارش یا میزان بارش - رسوب کردن

Answer 401

**precipitation** There is heavy precipitation in some parts of the country. Acid precipitation may cause a reduction in forest productivity. an increase in annual precipitation Annual precipitation ranges from 500 to 2 200 mm. In these areas precipitation was formerly too low to support growth. ................................................................. The compound is finally obtained by precipitation. calcium phosphate precipitation chemical incompatibility between the fluids leads to the precipitation of mineral scale in the pipelines ✅ فعل ( verb ) : precipitate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : precipitation / precipitate / precipitateness / precipitousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : precipitate / precipitous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : precipitately / precipitously ................................................................................................. **precipitate** **1- (v) to make something, especially something bad, happen suddenly or sooner than it should** منجر به چیزی شدن و تسریع وقوع اون **precipitate something** * His resignation precipitated a leadership crisis. * An invasion would certainly precipitate a political crisis. * **precipitate somebody/something into something** * Fear of losing her job precipitated (= suddenly forced) her into action. * The assassination of the president precipitated the country into war. **2- (v) to separate, or cause a substance to separate from a liquid as a solid** رسوب کردن یا رسوب دادن * Cooling the beaker helps precipitate the compound. * If any organic salt is formed, it will precipitate (out) immediately. **3- (n) a solid substance that is produced from a liquid during a chemical process** رسوب * After filtration, the precipitate was dried at 90°C. * A yellow precipitate should form immediately. **4- (adj) (of an action or a decision) happening very quickly or suddenly and usually without enough care and thought** = hasty عجولانی و هولکی * the precipitate resignation of the director * To force a decision now would be precipitate.

Question 402

**precipitation** There is heavy precipitation in some parts of the country. Acid precipitation may cause a reduction in forest productivity. an increase in annual precipitation Annual precipitation ranges from 500 to 2 200 mm. In these areas precipitation was formerly too low to support growth. ................................................................. The compound is finally obtained by precipitation. calcium phosphate precipitation chemical incompatibility between the fluids leads to the precipitation of mineral scale in the pipelines ✅ فعل ( verb ) : precipitate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : precipitation / precipitate / precipitateness / precipitousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : precipitate / precipitous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : precipitately / precipitously ................................................................................................. **precipitate** **1- (v) to make something, especially something bad, happen suddenly or sooner than it should** منجر به چیزی شدن و تسریع وقوع اون **precipitate something** * His resignation precipitated a leadership crisis. * An invasion would certainly precipitate a political crisis. * **precipitate somebody/something into something** * Fear of losing her job precipitated (= suddenly forced) her into action. * The assassination of the president precipitated the country into war. **2- (v) to separate, or cause a substance to separate from a liquid as a solid** رسوب کردن یا رسوب دادن * Cooling the beaker helps precipitate the compound. * If any organic salt is formed, it will precipitate (out) immediately. **3- (n) a solid substance that is produced from a liquid during a chemical process** رسوب * After filtration, the precipitate was dried at 90°C. * A yellow precipitate should form immediately. **4- (adj) (of an action or a decision) happening very quickly or suddenly and usually without enough care and thought** = hasty عجولانی و هولکی * the precipitate resignation of the director * To force a decision now would be precipitate.

Answer 402

(n) rain, snow, etc. that falls; the amount of this that falls (v) a chemical process in which solid material is separated from a liquid | بارش یا میزان بارش - رسوب کردن

Question 403

رکود اقتصادی

Answer 403

رکود اقتصادی که کمتر از 6 ماه به طول می انجامد، **recession** رکودی ( یا کسادی ) که چند سال به طول می انجامد، **depression** رکود تورمی ( نرخ تورم بالا نرخ بیکاری بالا ) هم **stagnation** **downturn** = **a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker**=ant= upturn

Question 404

رکود اقتصادی که کمتر از 6 ماه به طول می انجامد، **recession** رکودی ( یا کسادی ) که چند سال به طول می انجامد، **depression** رکود تورمی ( نرخ تورم بالا نرخ بیکاری بالا ) هم **stagnation** **downturn** = **a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker**=ant= upturn

Answer 404

رکود اقتصادی

Question 405

(n) a fall in the value of money and a general increase in prices; the rate at which this happens (n) (disapproving) a general rise in the level of something that is awarded (n) ​the act or process of filling something with air or gas ## Footnote ۱- در اقتصاد تورم و در پزشکی التهاب و تورم ۲- افزایش کلی در سطح چیزی که اعطا می شود ۳- باد کردن

Answer 405

**inflation** the fight against rising inflation to control/curb inflation to reduce/bring down inflation a high/low rate of inflation an inflation rate of 3% Wage increases must be in line with inflation. Inflation is currently running at 3%. rapid/runaway/galloping inflation ............................................................................ Excess demand eventually led to **wage inflation**. There has been a lot of discussion about **inflation of** grades in higher education recently. .................................................................................. life jackets with an automatic inflation device ✅ فعل ( verb ) : inflate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inflation / inflatable بادی/ inflationism / inflationist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inflationary تورم زا / inflatable بادکردنی / inflated متورم ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 406

**inflation** the fight against rising inflation to control/curb inflation to reduce/bring down inflation a high/low rate of inflation an inflation rate of 3% Wage increases must be in line with inflation. Inflation is currently running at 3%. rapid/runaway/galloping inflation ............................................................................ Excess demand eventually led to **wage inflation**. There has been a lot of discussion about **inflation of** grades in higher education recently. .................................................................................. life jackets with an automatic inflation device ✅ فعل ( verb ) : inflate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inflation / inflatable بادی/ inflationism / inflationist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inflationary تورم زا / inflatable بادکردنی / inflated متورم ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ## Footnote ۱- در اقتصاد تورم و در پزشکی التهاب و تورم ۲- افزایش کلی در سطح چیزی که اعطا می شود ۳- باد کردن

Answer 406

(n) a fall in the value of money and a general increase in prices; the rate at which this happens (n) (disapproving) a general rise in the level of something that is awarded (n) ​the act or process of filling something with air or gas

Question 407

(adv) in a way that is easy to notice = noticeably | به طور مشخص و قابل توجهی

Answer 407

**markedly** Her background is markedly different from her husband's. This year's sales have risen markedly. Eye-witness accounts of the fighting **differ markedly from** police reports of what happened. **(adj) marked** آشکار یا قابل توجه = noticeable a marked difference/improvement a marked increase in profits She is quiet and studious, in marked contrast to her sister. The recent advertising campaign has had a marked effect on sales.

Question 408

**markedly** Her background is markedly different from her husband's. This year's sales have risen markedly. Eye-witness accounts of the fighting **differ markedly from** police reports of what happened. **(adj) marked** آشکار یا قابل توجه = noticeable a marked difference/improvement a marked increase in profits She is quiet and studious, in marked contrast to her sister. The recent advertising campaign has had a marked effect on sales.

Answer 408

(adv) in a way that is easy to notice = noticeably | به طور مشخص و قابل توجهی

Question 409

(adj) attracting attention by reason of being unusual, extreme, or prominent. = marked = noticeable (adj) very attractive, often in an unusual way | چشمگیر، شایان توجه، قابل توجه - جذاب

Answer 409

**striking** a striking feature She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister. In striking contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and charming. The similarities between the two cases are striking. ..................................................................................................... striking good looks She was undoubtedly a very striking young woman. That hat looks very striking. **(adv) strikingly** a strikingly beautiful landscape They came to strikingly different conclusions about what should be done.

Question 410

**striking** a striking feature She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister. In striking contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and charming. The similarities between the two cases are striking. ..................................................................................................... striking good looks She was undoubtedly a very striking young woman. That hat looks very striking. **(adv) strikingly** a strikingly beautiful landscape They came to strikingly different conclusions about what should be done.

Answer 410

(adj) attracting attention by reason of being unusual, extreme, or prominent. = marked = noticeable (adj) very attractive, often in an unusual way | چشمگیر، شایان توجه، قابل توجه - جذاب

Question 411

(adj) unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid (adj) very different from something in a way that is easy to see

Answer 411

**stark** The author paints a stark picture of life in a prison camp. The government faced a stark choice between civil war and martial law. The remains of the building stand as a stark reminder of the fire. He now faces the stark reality of life in prison. The stark truth is that there is not enough money left. The stark fact is that even with more time, we still couldn’t raise enough money. .............................................................. stark differences Social divisions in the city are stark. The good weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks.

Question 412

**stark** The author paints a stark picture of life in a prison camp. The government faced a stark choice between civil war and martial law. The remains of the building stand as a stark reminder of the fire. He now faces the stark reality of life in prison. The stark truth is that there is not enough money left. The stark fact is that even with more time, we still couldn’t raise enough money. .............................................................. stark differences Social divisions in the city are stark. The good weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks.

Answer 412

(adj) unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid (adj) very different from something in a way that is easy to see

Question 413

(v) to make something that is already bad worse, especially a disease, a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) | تشدید و بدتر کردن

Answer 413

**exacerbate** His aggressive reaction only exacerbated the situation. The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs. This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities. Her allergy was exacerbated by the dust. **(n) exacerbation**

Question 414

**exacerbate** His aggressive reaction only exacerbated the situation. The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs. This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities. Her allergy was exacerbated by the dust. **(n) exacerbation**

Answer 414

(v) to make something that is already bad worse, especially a disease, a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) | تشدید و بدتر کردن

Question 415

(n) a substance containing atoms from two or more elements, or a combination of two or more parts, substances, or qualities (v) to make a difficult situation worse by adding more problems | ترکیب ، تشدید و بدتر کردن یک مشکل

Answer 415

**compound** man-made organic compounds **compound of** Sulphur dioxide is a compound of sulphur and oxygen. Teaching is a compound of several different skills. Brush on a damp-proofing compound. .............................................................................. **compound a problem/difficulty etc** Helmut’s problems were compounded by his lack of concentration. The problems were compounded by severe food shortages. The Chancellor compounded the situation by ruling out an early cut in interest rates. Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched. His financial problems were compounded when he unexpectedly lost his job. Severe drought has compounded food shortages in the region.

Question 416

**compound** man-made organic compounds **compound of** Sulphur dioxide is a compound of sulphur and oxygen. Teaching is a compound of several different skills. Brush on a damp-proofing compound. .............................................................................. **compound a problem/difficulty etc** Helmut’s problems were compounded by his lack of concentration. The problems were compounded by severe food shortages. The Chancellor compounded the situation by ruling out an early cut in interest rates. Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched. His financial problems were compounded when he unexpectedly lost his job. Severe drought has compounded food shortages in the region.

Answer 416

(n) a substance containing atoms from two or more elements, or a combination of two or more parts, substances, or qualities (v) to make a difficult situation worse by adding more problems | ترکیب ، تشدید و بدتر کردن یک مشکل

Question 417

(v) to make an illness or a bad or unpleasant situation worse (v) to annoy somebody, especially deliberately | تشدید و بدتر کردن - اذیت کردن یا آزار دادن

Answer 417

**aggravate** Pollution can aggravate asthma. Military intervention will only aggravate the conflict even further. Road repair work has aggravated the problem of traffic congestion. "military action would only aggravate the situation" ........................................................................... It really aggravates me when the car won’t start, after all the money we put into it. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : aggravate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aggravation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : aggravated / aggravating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aggravatingly

Question 418

**aggravate** Pollution can aggravate asthma. Military intervention will only aggravate the conflict even further. Road repair work has aggravated the problem of traffic congestion. "military action would only aggravate the situation" ........................................................................... It really aggravates me when the car won’t start, after all the money we put into it. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : aggravate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aggravation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : aggravated / aggravating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aggravatingly

Answer 418

(v) to make an illness or a bad or unpleasant situation worse (v) to annoy somebody, especially deliberately | تشدید و بدتر کردن - اذیت کردن یا آزار دادن

Question 419

(v) to become worse | بدتر شدن

Answer 419

**deteriorate** Her health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards. They had to cope with deteriorating weather conditions. **deteriorate into something** The discussion quickly deteriorated into an angry argument. **(v) deterioration** a deterioration in relations between the two countries

Question 420

**deteriorate** Her health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards. They had to cope with deteriorating weather conditions. **deteriorate into something** The discussion quickly deteriorated into an angry argument. **(v) deterioration** a deterioration in relations between the two countries

Answer 420

(v) to become worse | بدتر شدن

Question 421

(v) ​to become worse, for example by becoming lower in quality or weaker (adj) having low standards of behaviour (n) someone with low standards of behaviour | بدتر شدن - منحط

Answer 421

**degenerate** Her health degenerated quickly. Educational standards are degenerating year by year because of a lack of funds. **degenerate into something** The march degenerated into a riot. What was intended as a peaceful demonstration rapidly degenerated into violence. ..................................... a degenerate young man .......................................... They're just moral degenerates with no sense of decency **(n) degeneracy** = moral standards that have fallen to a level that is very low and unacceptable to most people

Question 422

**degenerate** Her health degenerated quickly. Educational standards are degenerating year by year because of a lack of funds. **degenerate into something** The march degenerated into a riot. What was intended as a peaceful demonstration rapidly degenerated into violence. ..................................... a degenerate young man .......................................... They're just moral degenerates with no sense of decency (n) degeneracy = moral standards that have fallen to a level that is very low and unacceptable to most people

Answer 422

(v) ​to become worse, for example by becoming lower in quality or weaker (adj) having low standards of behaviour (n) someone with low standards of behaviour | بدتر شدن - منحط

Question 423

(adj) (of plants, animals, etc.) producing a lot of fruit, flowers, young, etc. (adj) (of an artist, a writer, etc.) producing many works, etc. | پربار،پرکار

Answer 423

**prolific** "in captivity tigers are prolific breeders" Rabbits and other rodents are prolific (= have a lot of babies). The kiwi fruit is known for its prolific yield and good export price. ........................................................................................... a prolific author a prolific goalscorer one of the most prolific periods in her career Picasso was extremely prolific during his Cubist years. Few composers can match his prolific output. **(adv) prolifically**

Question 424

**prolific** "in captivity tigers are prolific breeders" Rabbits and other rodents are prolific (= have a lot of babies). The kiwi fruit is known for its prolific yield and good export price. ........................................................................................... a prolific author a prolific goalscorer one of the most prolific periods in her career Picasso was extremely prolific during his Cubist years. Few composers can match his prolific output. **(adv) prolifically**

Answer 424

(adj) (of plants, animals, etc.) producing a lot of fruit, flowers, young, etc. (adj) (of an artist, a writer, etc.) producing many works, etc | پربار،پرکار

Question 425

(adj) representing the perfect example of something | نمونه بارز

Answer 425

**quintessential** He was the quintessential tough guy. Sheep's milk cheese is the quintessential Corsican cheese. a quintessential small town a quintessential athlete ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : quintessence = the perfect example of something= نمونه بارز ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : quintessential ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : quintessentially ...................................................................... **the quintessence of something** = the/a quinessential sth An American football game is the quintessence of machismo.. It was the quintessence of an English manor house.

Question 426

**quintessential** He was the quintessential tough guy. Sheep's milk cheese is the quintessential Corsican cheese. a quintessential small town a quintessential athlete ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : quintessence = the perfect example of something= نمونه بارز ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : quintessential ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : quintessentially ...................................................................... **the quintessence of something** = the/a quinessential sth An American football game is the quintessence of machismo.. It was the quintessence of an English manor house.

Answer 426

(adj) representing the perfect example of something | نمونه بارز

Question 427

(adj) offensive, rude, or shocking, usually because of being too obviously related to sex or showing sex (adj) morally wrong, often describing something that is wrong because it is too large in size or amount in a way that most people find unacceptable and offensive | زشت و ناپسند، شنیع ، مستهجن

Answer 427

**obscene** In the raid, police found several boxes of obscene DVDs. He was jailed for making obscene phone calls (= ones in which unwanted sexual suggestions were made to the listener). obscene language/graffiti/ gestures ................................................................................ He earns an obscene amount of money. It's obscene to spend so much on food when millions are starving. to make obscene profits The salaries some bankers earn are obscene. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obscenity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : obscene ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obscenely

Question 428

**obscene** In the raid, police found several boxes of obscene DVDs. He was jailed for making obscene phone calls (= ones in which unwanted sexual suggestions were made to the listener). obscene language/graffiti/ gestures ................................................................................ He earns an obscene amount of money. It's obscene to spend so much on food when millions are starving. to make obscene profits The salaries some bankers earn are obscene.

Answer 428

(adj) offensive, rude, or shocking, usually because of being too obviously related to sex or showing sex (adj) morally wrong, often describing something that is wrong because it is too large in size or amount in a way that most people find unacceptable and offensive ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obscenity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : obscene ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obscenely | زشت و ناپسند، شنیع ، مستهجن

Question 429

(v) to act as a warning or sign of a future event ## Footnote حاکی بودن (هشدار یا نشانه ای از یک رویداد آینده بودن)- (پسیو) پیش بینی شدن

Answer 429

**foreshadow** **foreshadow something** Low unemployment may foreshadow wage and price increases. His sudden death had been foreshadowed by earlier health scares. These measures were foreshadowed in last year’s Health Committee report.

Question 430

**foreshadow** **foreshadow something** Low unemployment may foreshadow wage and price increases. His sudden death had been foreshadowed by earlier health scares. These measures were foreshadowed in last year’s Health Committee report.

Answer 430

(v) to act as a warning or sign of a future event ## Footnote حاکی بودن (هشدار یا نشانه ای از یک رویداد آینده بودن)- (پسیو) پیش بینی شدن

Question 431

(n) something that makes somebody less likely to do something or to discourage someone from doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it (adj) able to makes somebody less likely to do something or to discourage someone from doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it | عامل بازدارنده - بازدارنده.

Answer 431

**Deterrent** **deterrent to somebody/something** Hopefully his punishment will act as a deterrent to others. "cameras are a major deterrent to crime" **deterrent against something** a deterrent against cheating The company says this alarm is an effective deterrent against theft. ........................................................................................ They were arguing about **the deterrent effect of** nuclear weapons. the deterrent effect of heavy prison sentences" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : deter ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deterrence بازدارندگی / deterrent عامل بازدارنده ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deterrent بازدارنده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ .................................................................. **deter** (با ایجاد ترس یا تردید و غیره) بازداری کردن و بازداشتن **(v) to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it** * These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack. * I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. * **deter someone from doing something** * High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses. * The high price of the service could deter people from seeking advice.

Question 432

**Deterrent** **deterrent to somebody/something** Hopefully his punishment will act as a deterrent to others. "cameras are a major deterrent to crime" **deterrent against something** a deterrent against cheating The company says this alarm is an effective deterrent against theft. ........................................................................................ They were arguing about **the deterrent effect of** nuclear weapons. the deterrent effect of heavy prison sentences" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : deter ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deterrence بازدارندگی / deterrent عامل بازدارنده ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deterrent بازدارنده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ .................................................................. **deter** (با ایجاد ترس یا تردید و غیره) بازداری کردن و بازداشتن **(v) to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it** * These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack. * I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. * **deter someone from doing something** * High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses. * The high price of the service could deter people from seeking advice.

Answer 432

(n) something that makes somebody less likely to do something or to discourage someone from doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it (adj) able to makes somebody less likely to do something or to discourage someone from doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it | عامل بازدارنده - بازدارنده.

Question 433

(v) to fully understand an idea or some information so that you are able to use it yourself (v) to become part of a group, country, society, etc., or to make someone or something become part of a group, country, society, etc.:

Answer 433

**Assimilate** **assimilate something** The committee will need time to assimilate this report. Some people can only assimilate change gradually. ..................................................... **assimilate (into/to something)** New arrivals feel the pressure to assimilate. As a Chinese teen I tried to assimilate into Canadian culture. **assimilate somebody (into/to something)** Over time different groups were assimilated into the community. **(n) assimilation**

Question 434

**Assimilate** **assimilate something** The committee will need time to assimilate this report. Some people can only assimilate change gradually. ..................................................... **assimilate (into/to something)** New arrivals feel the pressure to assimilate. As a Chinese teen I tried to assimilate into Canadian culture. **assimilate somebody (into/to something)** Over time different groups were assimilated into the community. **(n) assimilation**

Answer 434

(v) to fully understand an idea or some information so that you are able to use it yourself (v) to become part of a group, country, society, etc., or to make someone or something become part of a group, country, society, etc.:

Question 435

(v) to consider that something is caused by a particular thing or person (v) to consider that somebody/something has or should have a particular quality (v) to believe or claim that something was said, written, or created by a particular person | نسبت دادن

Answer 435

**ascribe something to somebody** = attribute He ascribed his failure to bad luck. To what do you ascribe your phenomenal success? .................................................................................................... We ascribe great importance to these policies. People like to ascribe human feelings to animals. ....................................................................................................... After years of research, scholars have finally ascribed this anonymous play to Christopher Marlowe. | = attribute

Question 436

**ascribe something to somebody** = attribute He ascribed his failure to bad luck. To what do you ascribe your phenomenal success? .................................................................................................... We ascribe great importance to these policies. People like to ascribe human feelings to animals. ....................................................................................................... After years of research, scholars have finally ascribed this anonymous play to Christopher Marlowe.

Answer 436

(v) to consider that something is caused by a particular thing or person (v) to consider that somebody/something has or should have a particular quality (v) to believe or claim that something was said, written, or created by a particular person | نسبت دادن

Question 437

(v) (of a liquid, gas, etc.) to spread to every part of an object or a place = pervade (v) (of an idea, an influence, a feeling, etc.) to affect every part of something = pervade | پخش شدن (گسترش به هر قسمت از چیزی یا جایی)

Answer 437

**permeate** = pervade The smell of leather permeated the room. The air was permeated with the odour of burning rubber. rainwater permeating through the ground .......................................................................................................... a belief that permeates all levels of society A feeling of unease permeates the novel. Dissatisfaction among the managers soon permeated down to members of the workforce. Dissatisfaction with the government seems to have permeated every section of society. فعل ( verb ) : permeate اسم ( noun ) : permeation / permeability صفت ( adjective ) : permeable قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 438

**permeate** = pervade The smell of leather permeated the room. The air was permeated with the odour of burning rubber. rainwater permeating through the ground .......................................................................................................... a belief that permeates all levels of society A feeling of unease permeates the novel. Dissatisfaction among the managers soon permeated down to members of the workforce. فعل ( verb ) : permeate اسم ( noun ) : permeation / permeability صفت ( adjective ) : permeable قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 438

(v) (of a liquid, gas, etc.) to spread to every part of an object or a place = pervade (v) (of an idea, an influence, a feeling, etc.) to affect every part of something = pervade | پخش شدن (گسترش به هر قسمت از چیزی یا جایی)

Question 439

(adj) making you feel confused because there are too many things to choose from or because something is difficult to understand | گیج کننده (به خصوص به خاطر گزینه های انتخاب زیاد یا فهمیدنش سخت باشه)

Answer 439

**bewildering** There is **a bewildering array/range/variety of** software available. He gave me directions to his house, but I found them utterly bewildering. The college offers a bewildering range of courses. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : bewilder گیج کردن (به خصوص به خاطر گزینه های انتخاب زیاد یا فهمیدنش سخت باشه) ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : bewilderment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : bewildering / bewildered ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bewilderingly

Question 440

**bewildering** There is **a bewildering array/range/variety of** software available. He gave me directions to his house, but I found them utterly bewildering. The college offers a bewildering range of courses. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : bewilder گیج کردن (به خصوص به خاطر گزینه های انتخاب زیاد یا فهمیدنش سخت باشه) ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : bewilderment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : bewildering / bewildered ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bewilderingly

Answer 440

(adj) making you feel confused because there are too many things to choose from or because something is difficult to understand | گیج کننده (به خصوص به خاطر گزینه های انتخاب زیاد یا فهمیدنش سخت باشه)

Question 441

(adj) confusing, often because you do not know how to solve something: | گیج کننده (به خصوص به خاطر این که نمیدونی چجوری حلش کنی)

Answer 441

**perplexing** a perplexing problem They find the company's attitude perplexing and unreasonable. The rise in childhood mental illness is perplexing. Experts gathered to try to answer this extremely perplexing question. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : perplex ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : perplexity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : perplexed / perplexing ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : perplexedly

Question 442

**perplexing** a perplexing problem They find the company's attitude perplexing and unreasonable. The rise in childhood mental illness is perplexing. Experts gathered to try to answer this extremely perplexing question. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : perplex ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : perplexity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : perplexed / perplexing ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : perplexedly

Answer 442

(adj) confusing, often because you do not know how to solve something: | گیج کننده (به خصوص به خاطر این که نمیدونی چجوری حلش کنی)

Question 443

(adj) confusing, often because it's difficult to explain or understand | گیج کننده (به خصوص به خاطر این که توضیح یا درک آن دشوار است)

Answer 443

**puzzling=baffling** Some of the country’s customs are baffling to outsiders. "the crime is a baffling mystery for the police" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : baffle ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : bafflement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : baffled / baffling ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ........................................................................ It's a rather puzzling film. one of the most puzzling aspects of the crime ✅ فعل ( verb ) : puzzle ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : puzzle / puzzlement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : puzzled / puzzling ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 444

**puzzling=baffling** Some of the country’s customs are baffling to outsiders. "the crime is a baffling mystery for the police" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : baffle ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : bafflement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : baffled / baffling ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ........................................................................ It's a rather puzzling film. one of the most puzzling aspects of the crime ✅ فعل ( verb ) : puzzle ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : puzzle / puzzlement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : puzzled / puzzling ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 444

(adj) confusing, often because it's difficult to explain or understand | گیج کننده (به خصوص به خاطر این که توضیح یا درک آن دشوار است)

Question 445

(v) to show something clearly, especially a feeling, an attitude or a quality (adj) easy to see or understand (n) a list of goods or passengers on a ship or an aircraft ## Footnote 1- نشان دادن 2- آشکار 3- فهرستی از کالاها یا مسافران یک کشتی یا هواپیما

Answer 445

**Manifest** **manifest something (in something)** Social tensions were manifested in the recent political crisis. The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes. "Lizzy manifested signs of severe depression" **manifest ....self in/as** = appear The illness first manifested itself in/as severe stomach pains. Lack of confidence in the company manifested itself in a fall in the share price. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. ............................................................................... His nervousness was manifest to all those present. The anger he felt is manifest in his paintings. **(n) manifestation**

Question 446

**Manifest** **manifest something (in something)** Social tensions were manifested in the recent political crisis. The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes. "Lizzy manifested signs of severe depression" **manifest ....self in/as** = appear The illness first manifested itself in/as severe stomach pains. Lack of confidence in the company manifested itself in a fall in the share price. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. ............................................................................... His nervousness was manifest to all those present. The anger he felt is manifest in his paintings. **(n) manifestation**

Answer 446

(v) to show something clearly, especially a feeling, an attitude or a quality (adj) easy to see or understand (n) a list of goods or passengers on a ship or an aircraft ## Footnote 1- نشان دادن 2- آشکار 3- فهرستی از کالاها یا مسافران یک کشتی یا هواپیما

Question 447

(adj) important in making something happen (adj) (of music) involving only musical instruments, and no singing: ## Footnote 1- مهم و اساسی، (با فعل بی) نقش به سزایی داشتن 2- بی کلام (موسیقی)

Answer 447

**instrumental** The Conservation Trust performs an instrumental role in the protection of rural environments. She was instrumental in bringing about the prison reform act. **instrumental in (doing) something** He was instrumental in bringing about an end to the conflict. They were highly instrumental in bringing the business to Newtown. ......................................................... instrumental music an instrumental piece/arrangement

Question 448

**instrumental** The Conservation Trust performs an instrumental role in the protection of rural environments. She was instrumental in bringing about the prison reform act. **instrumental in (doing) something** He was instrumental in bringing about an end to the conflict. They were highly instrumental in bringing the business to Newtown. ......................................................... instrumental music an instrumental piece/arrangement

Answer 448

(adj) important in making something happen (adj) (of music) involving only musical instruments, and no singing: ## Footnote 1- مهم و اساسی، (با فعل بی) نقش به سزایی داشتن 2- بی کلام (موسیقی)

Question 449

(v) to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons (v) sentence (someone) to a particular punishment, especially death. | محکوم کردن

Answer 449

**condemn** **condemn somebody/something** The government issued a statement condemning the killings. **condemn somebody/something for/as something** The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity. ............................................................................. Illness condemned her to spend her remaining days in a home. **be condemned (to something)** He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged. **be condemned to do something** She was condemned to hang for killing her husband. Those who remember the past are not condemned to repeat it. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : condemn ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : condemnation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : condemned ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 450

**condemn** **condemn somebody/something** The government issued a statement condemning the killings. **condemn somebody/something for/as something** The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity. ............................................................................. Illness condemned her to spend her remaining days in a home. **be condemned (to something)** He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged. **be condemned to do something** She was condemned to hang for killing her husband. Those who remember the past are not condemned to repeat it. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : condemn ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : condemnation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : condemned ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 450

(v) to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons (v) sentence (someone) to a particular punishment, especially death. | محکوم کردن

Question 451

(n) a formal agreement between two or more countries | (معاهده و پیمان (کشورها

Answer 451

**treaty** a peace treaty to draw up/sign/ratify a treaty Under the terms of the treaty, La Rochelle was ceded to the English.

Question 452

**treaty** a peace treaty to draw up/sign/ratify a treaty Under the terms of the treaty, La Rochelle was ceded to the English.

Answer 452

(n) a formal agreement between two or more countries | (معاهده و پیمان (کشورها

Question 453

(v) make or become unclear or less distinct. (v) to become or make it become difficult to recognize a clear difference between things (n) something that you cannot see, remember, or understand clearly ## Footnote 1- تار کردن،محو کردن 2- محو کردن 3- چیزی تار یا گنگ

Answer 453

**blur** "tears blurred her vision" As she drifted into sleep, the doctor's face began to blur and fade. ................................................. This film **blurs the line/distinction/boundary/difference between** reality and fantasy. The differences between art and life seem to have blurred. The line between make-believe and reality became increasingly blurred. She tends to blur the distinction between her friends and her colleagues. His work has blurred the boundaries between children’s and adults’ fiction. .................................................................................................. If I don't wear my glasses, everything is just a blur. It all happened so long ago that it's just a blur to me now. The last few days seem to have gone by in a blur. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : blur ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : blur / blurriness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : blurry / blurred ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : blurrily

Question 454

**blur** "tears blurred her vision" As she drifted into sleep, the doctor's face began to blur and fade. ................................................. This film **blurs the line/distinction/boundary/difference between** reality and fantasy. The differences between art and life seem to have blurred. The line between make-believe and reality became increasingly blurred. She tends to blur the distinction between her friends and her colleagues. His work has blurred the boundaries between children’s and adults’ fiction. .................................................................................................. If I don't wear my glasses, everything is just a blur. It all happened so long ago that it's just a blur to me now. The last few days seem to have gone by in a blur. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : blur ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : blur / blurriness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : blurry / blurred ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : blurrily

Answer 454

(v) make or become unclear or less distinct. (v) to become or make it become difficult to recognize a clear difference between things (n) something that you cannot see, remember, or understand clearly ## Footnote 1- تار کردن،محو کردن 2- محو کردن 3- چیزی تار یا گنگ

Question 455

(v) to avoid or escape from something unpleasant or unwanted, or to manage not to do (something that should be done): | طفره رفتن

Answer 455

**evade** For two weeks they evaded the press. He managed to evade capture. They narrowly evaded a police car which was approaching. The defendant had tried to evade payment of taxes. She is trying to evade all responsibility for her behaviour. He never sought to evade his responsibilities. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : evade ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evasion / evasiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evasive طفره رونده-پیشگیرانه ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : evasively

Question 456

**evade** For two weeks they evaded the press. He managed to evade capture. They narrowly evaded a police car which was approaching. The defendant had tried to evade payment of taxes. She is trying to evade all responsibility for her behaviour. He never sought to evade his responsibilities. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : evade ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evasion / evasiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evasive طفره رونده-پیشگیرانه ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : evasively

Answer 456

(v) to avoid or escape from something unpleasant or unwanted, or to manage not to do (something that should be done): | طفره رفتن

Question 457

(v) to successfully fight somebody who is attacking you, your country, etc. and drive them away (v) to drive, push or keep something away (v) to make somebody feel horror or disgust (v) (specialist) if one thing repels another, or if two things repel each other, an electrical or magnetic force pushes them apart ## Footnote 1. دفع کردن 2. دفع کردن 3. منزجر کردن 4. دفع کردن

Answer 457

**Repel** = repulse to repel an attack/invasion/invader Troops repelled an attempt to infiltrate the south of the island. (figurative) The reptile's prickly skin repels nearly all of its predators. ......................................................... a cream that repels insects The fabric has been treated to repel water. ......................................................................... Even the idea of him repels her. I was repelled by the smell. ....................................................................... Like poles repel each other. **(adj) repellent** دفع کنند2ه، منزجرکننده **(n) repellent** 2ضد ..... ، دفع کننده * (an) insect repellent * mosquito repellent * (a) water repellent **(n) repulsion** 3-4 **(adj) repulsive**3-4 ......................................................... **(v) repulse**1-3 + **to refuse to accept somebody’s help, attempts to be friendly, etc.** * Each time I tried to help I was repulsed. * She repulsed his advances.

Question 458

**Repel** = repulse to repel an attack/invasion/invader Troops repelled an attempt to infiltrate the south of the island. (figurative) The reptile's prickly skin repels nearly all of its predators. ......................................................... a cream that repels insects The fabric has been treated to repel water. ......................................................................... Even the idea of him repels her. I was repelled by the smell. ....................................................................... Like poles repel each other. **(adj) repellent** دفع کنند2ه، منزجرکننده **(n) repellent** 2ضد ..... ، دفع کننده * (an) insect repellent * mosquito repellent * (a) water repellent **(n) repulsion** 3-4 **(adj) repulsive**3-4 ......................................................... **(v) repulse**1-3 + **to refuse to accept somebody’s help, attempts to be friendly, etc.** * Each time I tried to help I was repulsed. * She repulsed his advances.

Answer 458

(v) to successfully fight somebody who is attacking you, your country, etc. and drive them away (v) to drive, push or keep something away (v) to make somebody feel horror or disgust (v) (specialist) if one thing repels another, or if two things repel each other, an electrical or magnetic force pushes them apart ## Footnote 1. دفع کردن 2. دفع کردن 3. منزجر کردن 4. دفع کردن

Question 459

**وقت شناسی**

Answer 459

**punctuality** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : punctuality ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : punctual ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : punctually

Question 460

**punctuality** ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : punctuality ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : punctual ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : punctually

Answer 460

**وقت شناسی**

Question 461

(adj) quiet and peaceful = serene | ساکت و آرام

Answer 461

**Tranquil** a tranquil scene the tranquil waters of the lake The town looked tranquil in the evening sunlight. She led a tranquil life in the country. فعل ( verb ) : tranquilize اسم ( noun ) : tranquility / tranquilizer صفت ( adjective ) : tranquil قید ( adverb ) : tranquilly

Question 462

**Tranquil** a tranquil scene the tranquil waters of the lake The town looked tranquil in the evening sunlight. She led a tranquil life in the country. فعل ( verb ) : tranquilize اسم ( noun ) : tranquility / tranquilizer صفت ( adjective ) : tranquil قید ( adverb ) : tranquilly

Answer 462

(adj) quiet and peaceful = serene | ساکت و آرام

Question 463

(v) to keep delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring | کار امروز رو به فردا انداختن ، امروز فردا کردن، تعلل کردن

Answer 463

**Procrastinate** I know I've got to deal with the problem at some point - I'm just procrastinating. When it comes to housework, I tend to procrastinate. People were dying of starvation while governments procrastinated.

Question 464

**Procrastinate** I know I've got to deal with the problem at some point - I'm just procrastinating. When it comes to housework, I tend to procrastinate. People were dying of starvation while governments procrastinated.

Answer 464

(v) to keep delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring | کار امروز رو به فردا انداختن ، امروز فردا کردن، تعلل کردن

Question 465

(n) **the transitional period between childhood and adulthood**. It typically starts with the onset of puberty and ends when an individual reaches maturity. This phase involves significant physical, psychological, and social changes as young people develop from children into adults | دوران بلوغ (دوران تبدیل یک کودک به یک فرد بالغ)

Answer 465

**adolescence** Mary spent her childhood and adolescence in Europe She had a troubled adolescence. Do we need yet another novel about the joys and sorrows of adolescence? Adolescence brings about major changes in a young person’s body. He had survived a difficult adolescence. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : adolescence / adolescent ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : adolescent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ **(n,adj) adolescent** = a young person who is developing from a child into an adult

Question 466

**adolescence** Mary spent her childhood and adolescence in Europe She had a troubled adolescence. Do we need yet another novel about the joys and sorrows of adolescence? Adolescence brings about major changes in a young person’s body. He had survived a difficult adolescence. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : adolescence / adolescent ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : adolescent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ **(n,adj) adolescent** = a young person who is developing from a child into an adult

Answer 466

(n) **the transitional period between childhood and adulthood**. It typically starts with the onset of puberty and ends when an individual reaches maturity. This phase involves significant physical, psychological, and social changes as young people develop from children into adults | دوران بلوغ (دوران تبدیل یک کودک به یک فرد بالغ)

Question 467

**formal equivalent of guess** (n) an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge and is formed by guessing = a guess (v) to form an opinion about something even though you do not have much information on it = to guess | حدس و گمان (زدن)

Answer 467

**conjecture** The truth of his conjecture was confirmed by the newspaper report. There's been a lot of conjecture in the media recently about the marriage. What lay behind the decision is open to conjecture. "conjectures about the newcomer were many and varied" ....................................................................... **conjecture (about something)** We can only conjecture about what was in the killer's mind. **conjecture what/how, etc…** We can only conjecture what was in the killer’s mind **conjecture that…** He conjectured that the population might double in ten years. **conjecture something** She conjectured the existence of a completely new species. **be conjectured to be/have/do something** The remains are conjectured to be thousands of years old. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : conjecture ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conjecture ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conjectural ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conjecturally

Question 468

**conjecture** The truth of his conjecture was confirmed by the newspaper report. There's been a lot of conjecture in the media recently about the marriage. What lay behind the decision is open to conjecture. "conjectures about the newcomer were many and varied" ....................................................................... **conjecture (about something)** We can only conjecture about what was in the killer's mind. **conjecture what/how, etc…** We can only conjecture what was in the killer’s mind **conjecture that…** He conjectured that the population might double in ten years. **conjecture something** She conjectured the existence of a completely new species. **be conjectured to be/have/do something** The remains are conjectured to be thousands of years old. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : conjecture ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conjecture ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conjectural ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conjecturally

Answer 468

**formal equivalent of guess** (n) an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge and is formed by guessing = a guess = surmise (v) to form an opinion about something even though you do not have much information on it = to guess = surmise | حدس و گمان (زدن)

Question 469

(v) to guess or suppose something using the evidence you have, without definitely knowing, without having much or any proof = guess = conjecture (n) a guess based on some facts that you know already which is not enough = guess = conjecture | حدس و گمان (زدن)

Answer 469

**surmise** **surmise (that)…** From the looks on their faces, I surmised that they had had an argument. **surmise what, where, etc…** It is difficult to surmise where she might have been staying. **surmise something** I can only surmise his reasons for acting as he did. .................................................................................. This is pure surmise on my part. He was glad to have his surmise confirmed.

Question 470

**surmise** **surmise (that)…** From the looks on their faces, I surmised that they had had an argument. **surmise what, where, etc…** It is difficult to surmise where she might have been staying. **surmise something** I can only surmise his reasons for acting as he did. .................................................................................. This is pure surmise on my part. He was glad to have his surmise confirmed.

Answer 470

(v) to guess or suppose something using the evidence you have, without definitely knowing, without having much or any proof = guess = conjecture (n) a guess based on some facts that you know already which is not enough = guess = conjecture | حدس و گمان (زدن)

Question 471

(v) to form an opinion or a conjecture about something without knowing all the details or facts to be certain (v) to buy goods, property, shares, etc., hoping to make a profit when you sell them, but with the risk of losing money ## Footnote 1- حدس زدن، گمانه زنی کردن 2- (سهام یا زمین و غیره) خرید و فروش کردن

Answer 471

**speculate** **speculate (about/on/as to something)** We all speculated about the reasons for her resignation. They were all speculating as to the identity of the stranger. **speculate why, how, etc…** It is useless to speculate why he did it. **speculate that…** We can speculate that the stone circles were used in some sort of pagan ceremony. ............................................................................... **speculate (in/on something)** He likes to speculate on the stock market. He made his money speculating on the London gold and silver markets. The company has been speculating in property for years. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : speculate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : speculation / speculator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : speculative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : speculatively

Question 472

**speculate** **speculate (about/on/as to something)** We all speculated about the reasons for her resignation. They were all speculating as to the identity of the stranger. **speculate why, how, etc…** It is useless to speculate why he did it. **speculate that…** We can speculate that the stone circles were used in some sort of pagan ceremony. ............................................................................... **speculate (in/on something)** He likes to speculate on the stock market. He made his money speculating on the London gold and silver markets. The company has been speculating in property for years. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : speculate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : speculation / speculator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : speculative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : speculatively

Answer 472

(v) to form an opinion or a conjecture about something without knowing all the details or facts to be certain (v) to buy goods, property, shares, etc., hoping to make a profit when you sell them, but with the risk of losing money ## Footnote 1- حدس زدن، گمانه زنی کردن 2- (سهام یا زمین و غیره) خرید و فروش کردن

Question 473

(adj) connected with a god, or like a god (v) to find out something by guessing ## Footnote 1- الهی 2- پی بردن به چیزی با حدس زدن

Answer 473

**divine** Some fans seem to regard the players as divine beings. divine intervention (= help from God) .................................................................. She could divine what he was thinking just by looking at him. They had quickly divined that he was a fraud. I divined from his grim expression that the news was not good. **divine something from something** Some journalists even tried to divine meaning from the star's body language during the interview.

Question 474

**divine** Some fans seem to regard the players as divine beings. divine intervention (= help from God) .................................................................. She could divine what he was thinking just by looking at him. They had quickly divined that he was a fraud. I divined from his grim expression that the news was not good. **divine something from something** Some journalists even tried to divine meaning from the star's body language during the interview.

Answer 474

(adj) connected with a god, or like a god (v) to find out something by guessing ## Footnote 1- الهی 2- پی بردن به چیزی با حدس زدن

Question 475

واجد شرایط

Answer 475

**Eligible** Are you eligible for early retirement/maternity leave? You might be eligible for a grant. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : eligibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : eligible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : eligibly

Question 476

**Eligible** Are you eligible for early retirement/maternity leave? You might be eligible for a grant. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : eligibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : eligible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : eligibly

Answer 476

واجد شرایط

Question 477

(v) to dig in the ground to look for old buildings or objects that have been buried for a long time; to find something by digging in this way (v) to make a hole, channel, etc. in the ground by digging = dig = dig out | حفاری کردن

Answer 477

**Excavate** **excavate something** The site has been excavated by archaeologists. The area has not yet been fully excavated. **excavate something from something** pottery and weapons excavated from the burial ......................................................................................... The body was discovered when builders excavated the area. We’ll be excavating here for the foundation of the building. In tin mining today, workers excavate tunnels horizontally from a vertical shaft. "the cheapest way of doing this was to excavate a long trench" فعل ( verb ) : excavate اسم ( noun ) : excavation / excavator صفت ( adjective ) : _ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 478

**Excavate** **excavate something** The site has been excavated by archaeologists. The area has not yet been fully excavated. **excavate something from something** pottery and weapons excavated from the burial ......................................................................................... The body was discovered when builders excavated the area. We’ll be excavating here for the foundation of the building. In tin mining today, workers excavate tunnels horizontally from a vertical shaft. "the cheapest way of doing this was to excavate a long trench" فعل ( verb ) : excavate اسم ( noun ) : excavation / excavator صفت ( adjective ) : _ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 478

(v) to dig in the ground to look for old buildings or objects that have been buried for a long time; to find something by digging in this way (v) to make a hole, channel, etc. in the ground by digging = dig = dig out | حفاری کردن

Question 479

(adj) following one after another in a continuous series = successive **formal of back to back** | متوالی ، پی در پی

Answer 479

**consecutive** She was absent for nine consecutive days. He is beginning his fourth consecutive term of office. After six consecutive defeats, the team was almost ready to give up. Interest rates rose again for the fifth consecutive month. They achieved their third consecutive year of record sales. **(n) Consecution** : توالی **( adj )Consecutively** : بطور متوالی , بطور پی در پی

Question 480

**consecutive** She was absent for nine consecutive days. He is beginning his fourth consecutive term of office. After six consecutive defeats, the team was almost ready to give up. Interest rates rose again for the fifth consecutive month. They achieved their third consecutive year of record sales. **(n) Consecution** : توالی **( adj )Consecutively** : بطور متوالی , بطور پی در پی

Answer 480

(adj) following one after another in a continuous series = successive **formal of back to back** | متوالی ، پی در پی

Question 481

(v) to raise or pull something up to a higher position, often using ropes or special equipment (n) a piece of equipment used for lifting heavy things, or for lifting people who cannot stand or walk | بالا بردن - بالابر

Answer 481

**Hoist** **hoist something/somebody/yourself + adv./prep.** He hoisted himself onto a high stool. The cargo was hoisted aboard by crane. **hoist something** to hoist a flag/sail

Question 482

**Hoist** **hoist something/somebody/yourself + adv./prep.** He hoisted himself onto a high stool. The cargo was hoisted aboard by crane. **hoist something** to hoist a flag/sail

Answer 482

(v) to raise or pull something up to a higher position, often using ropes or special equipment (n) a piece of equipment used for lifting heavy things, or for lifting people who cannot stand or walk | بالا بردن - بالابر

Question 483

(n) an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree (v) to accept that you will reduce your demands or change your opinion in order to reach an agreement with someone: (v) to risk having a harmful effect on something (v) to do something that is against your principles or does not reach standards that you have set (n) a solution to a problem in which two or more things cannot exist together as they are, in which each thing is reduced or changed slightly so that they can exist together ## Footnote 1- سازش، مصالحه 2- سازش و مصالحه کردن 3-به خطر انداختن 4- (شرف و آبروی خود را) به خطر انداختن ، انجام کاری که خلاف اصول شماست یا به استانداردهایی که شما تعیین کرده اید نمی رسد 5- سازش، مصالحه

Answer 483

**compromise** After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise. In any relationship, you have to make compromises. a compromise solution/agreement/candidate ...................................................... Neither side is prepared to compromise. **compromise (with somebody) (on something)** After much argument, the judges finally compromised on (= agreed to give the prize to) the 18-year old pianist. They were unwilling to compromise with the terrorists. ............................................................................. We would never compromise the safety of our passengers. She had already compromised herself by accepting his invitation. Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances (= reduce their chances) of reaching the finals of the competition. The affair seriously compromised the party's prospects of electoral success. Users perform tasks every day that can compromise the security of their computers. Alcohol and drug abuse can compromise your health, not to mention your life. ................................................................................................ **compromise something** Don't compromise your beliefs/principles for the sake of being accepted. If we back down on this issue, our reputation will be compromised. His political career ended when he compromised himself by accepting bribes. **compromise (on something)** We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards. .................................................................................... This model represents the best compromise between price and quality. It was a fair compromise between the two sides.

Question 484

**compromise** After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise. In any relationship, you have to make compromises. a compromise solution/agreement/candidate ...................................................... Neither side is prepared to compromise. **compromise (with somebody) (on something)** After much argument, the judges finally compromised on (= agreed to give the prize to) the 18-year old pianist. They were unwilling to compromise with the terrorists. ............................................................................. We would never compromise the safety of our passengers. She had already compromised herself by accepting his invitation. Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances (= reduce their chances) of reaching the finals of the competition. The affair seriously compromised the party's prospects of electoral success. Users perform tasks every day that can compromise the security of their computers. Alcohol and drug abuse can compromise your health, not to mention your life. ................................................................................................ **compromise something** Don't compromise your beliefs/principles for the sake of being accepted. If we back down on this issue, our reputation will be compromised. His political career ended when he compromised himself by accepting bribes. **compromise (on something)** We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards. .................................................................................... This model represents the best compromise between price and quality. It was a fair compromise between the two sides.

Answer 484

(n) an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree (v) to accept that you will reduce your demands or change your opinion in order to reach an agreement with someone: (v) to risk having a harmful effect on something (v) to do something that is against your principles or does not reach standards that you have set (n) a solution to a problem in which two or more things cannot exist together as they are, in which each thing is reduced or changed slightly so that they can exist together ## Footnote 1- سازش، مصالحه 2- سازش و مصالحه کردن 3-به خطر انداختن 4- (شرف و آبروی خود را) به خطر انداختن ، انجام کاری که خلاف اصول شماست یا به استانداردهایی که شما تعیین کرده اید نمی رسد 5- سازش، مصالحه

Question 485

(v) ​to exchange goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using money (n) the system or act of exchanging goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using money | دادو ستد (کردن) بدون دخالت پول یا سکه ای،مبادله ی کالا به کالا

Answer 485

**barter** **barter (with somebody) (for something)** The prisoners tried to barter with the guards for items like writing paper and books. **barter something (for something)** The local people bartered wheat for tools. ............................................ The islanders use a system of barter instead of money. **barter something for something** He bartered his stamp collection for her comics. **barter with** We spent a whole hour bartering with stallholders for souvenirs.

Question 486

**barter** **barter (with somebody) (for something)** The prisoners tried to barter with the guards for items like writing paper and books. **barter something (for something)** The local people bartered wheat for tools. ............................................ The islanders use a system of barter instead of money. **barter something for something** He bartered his stamp collection for her comics. **barter with** We spent a whole hour bartering with stallholders for souvenirs.

Answer 486

(v) ​to exchange goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using money (n) the system or act of exchanging goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using money | دادو ستد (کردن) بدون دخالت پول یا سکه ای،مبادله ی کالا به کالا

Question 487

(v) to share or exchange ideas, information, data, etc. (v) to put each of two things or people in the other’s place; to move or be moved from one place to another in this way (n) the act of sharing or exchanging something, especially ideas or information or data ## Footnote 1- تبادل کردن (ایده یا اطلاعات یا دیتا یا ...) 2- جای دو چیز را با هم عوض کردن) گه 3- تبادل (ایده یا اطلاعات یا دیتا یا ...)

Answer 487

**interchange** **interchange something (between A and B)** Data is interchanged between browser and server without any change in display. In the discussion group you can meet fellow professionals and interchange opinions on any aspect of business. ........................................................................... **interchange A and B** to interchange the front and rear tyres of a car **interchange (A) (with B)** to interchange the front tyres with the rear ones The front and rear tyres interchange (= can be exchanged). ...................................................................... a continuous interchange of ideas electronic data interchange An international medical conference was established for the interchange of new ideas and approaches. **(n) interchangeability** **(adj) interchangeabe** **(adv) interchangeably**

Question 488

**interchange** **interchange something (between A and B)** Data is interchanged between browser and server without any change in display. In the discussion group you can meet fellow professionals and interchange opinions on any aspect of business. ........................................................................... **interchange A and B** to interchange the front and rear tyres of a car **interchange (A) (with B)** to interchange the front tyres with the rear ones The front and rear tyres interchange (= can be exchanged). ...................................................................... a continuous interchange of ideas electronic data interchange An international medical conference was established for the interchange of new ideas and approaches. **(n) interchangeability** **(adj) interchangeabe** **(adv) interchangeably** ## Footnote 1- تبادل کردن (ایده یا اطلاعات یا دیتا یا ...) 2- جای دو چیز را با هم عوض کردن) گه 3- تبادل (ایده یا اطلاعات یا دیتا یا ...)

Answer 488

(v) to share or exchange ideas, information, data, etc. (v) to put each of two things or people in the other’s place; to move or be moved from one place to another in this way (n) the act of sharing or exchanging something, especially ideas or information or data

Question 489

(v) to officially ask somebody to write, make or create something or to do a task for you (n) a formal request to somebody to design or make a piece of work such as a building or a painting; the fact of making such a request (n) an official group of people who have been given responsibility to control something, or to find out about something, usually for the government (n) an amount of money that is paid to somebody for selling goods and that increases with the amount of goods that are sold (n) an amount of money that is charged by a bank, etc. for providing a particular service (n) the act of doing something wrong or illegal ## Footnote 1- سفارش دادن تولید ( چیزی ) 2-سفارش تولید ( چیزی ) 3- کمیسیون، هیئت 4-کمیسیون، حق کمیسیون 5-کارمزد 6- ارتکاب

Answer 489

**commission** **commission somebody to do something** She has been commissioned to write a new national anthem. **commission something** to commission a study/report a specially commissioned piece of music Publishers have commissioned a French translation of the book. The survey on consumer taste was commissioned by local stores. **commission something from somebody** The king commissioned portraits from foreign artists. **commission something for something** the first opera commissioned for television ................................................................................ Eventually she agreed to accept the commission. **commission to do something** He received a commission to design the new parliament building. **commission for something** Sometimes I take commissions for portraits. **commission from somebody** The exhibition was a success and brought commissions from wealthy patrons. .................................................................................. **a commission on** alcohol abuse/racial tension **set up a commission** The government has set up a commission to investigate the problem of inner city violence. **establish a commission** The premier said he would establish a commission to investigate the scandal. ...................................................... **commission on something** You get a 10 per cent commission on everything you sell. He earned £2 000 in commission last month. **on commission** In this job you work on commission (= are paid according to the amount you sell). ........................................................................... 1 per cent commission is charged for exchanging foreign currency. **commission on something** The bank charges a high commission on these transactions. ........................................... commission of the offense the commission of a crime

Question 490

**commission** **commission somebody to do something** She has been commissioned to write a new national anthem. **commission something** to commission a study/report a specially commissioned piece of music Publishers have commissioned a French translation of the book. The survey on consumer taste was commissioned by local stores. **commission something from somebody** The king commissioned portraits from foreign artists. **commission something for something** the first opera commissioned for television ................................................................................ Eventually she agreed to accept the commission. **commission to do something** He received a commission to design the new parliament building. **commission for something** Sometimes I take commissions for portraits. **commission from somebody** The exhibition was a success and brought commissions from wealthy patrons. .................................................................................. **a commission on** alcohol abuse/racial tension **set up a commission** The government has set up a commission to investigate the problem of inner city violence. **establish a commission** The premier said he would establish a commission to investigate the scandal. ...................................................... **commission on something** You get a 10 per cent commission on everything you sell. He earned £2 000 in commission last month. **on commission** In this job you work on commission (= are paid according to the amount you sell). ........................................................................... 1 per cent commission is charged for exchanging foreign currency. **commission on something** The bank charges a high commission on these transactions. ........................................... commission of the offense the commission of a crime

Answer 490

(v) to officially ask somebody to write, make or create something or to do a task for you (n) a formal request to somebody to design or make a piece of work such as a building or a painting; the fact of making such a request (n) an official group of people who have been given responsibility to control something, or to find out about something, usually for the government (n) an amount of money that is paid to somebody for selling goods and that increases with the amount of goods that are sold (n) an amount of money that is charged by a bank, etc. for providing a particular service (n) the act of doing something wrong or illegal ## Footnote 1- سفارش دادن تولید ( چیزی ) 2-سفارش تولید ( چیزی ) 3- کمیسیون، هیئت 4-کمیسیون، حق کمیسیون 5-کارمزد 6- ارتکاب

Question 491

(phrasal verb) to grow or appear suddenly | ظاهر شدن یا رشد کردن ناگهانی

Answer 491

**spring/sprang or sprung/sprung up** Play areas for children are springing up all over the place. Opposition groups are springing up like mushrooms. Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years.

Question 492

**spring/sprang or sprung/sprung up** Play areas for children are springing up all over the place. Opposition groups are springing up like mushrooms. Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years.

Answer 492

(phrasal verb) to grow or appear suddenly | ظاهر شدن یا رشد کردن ناگهانی

Question 493

(n) the original model or the most typical or perfect example of​a person or thing | مدل اصلی یا معمولی ترین یا کامل ترین نمونه از یک شخص یا چیز

Answer 493

**Archetype** She is the archetype of an American movie star. The United States is the archetype of a federal society. "he was the archetype of the old-style football club chairman" **(adj) archetypal** **(adv) archetypally**

Question 494

**Archetype** She is the archetype of an American movie star. The United States is the archetype of a federal society. "he was the archetype of the old-style football club chairman" **(adj) archetypal** **(adv) archetypally**

Answer 494

(n) the original model or the most typical or perfect example of​a person or thing | مدل اصلی یا معمولی ترین یا کامل ترین نمونه از یک شخص یا چیز

Question 495

(adj) spreading out over a large area in an untidy or irregular way. | در حال پخش شدن بدون نظم و کنترل

Answer 495

**sprawling** sprawling suburbs Somewhere in this sprawling metropolis, there is a secret military laboratory. the sprawling city of Los Angeles a modern sprawling town sprawling handwriting **(v) sprawl** **(n) sprawl** = a large area covered with buildings that spreads from the city into the countryside in an ugly way **(adj) sprawled**

Question 496

**sprawling** sprawling suburbs Somewhere in this sprawling metropolis, there is a secret military laboratory. the sprawling city of Los Angeles a modern sprawling town sprawling handwriting **(v) sprawl** **(n) sprawl** = a large area covered with buildings that spreads from the city into the countryside in an ugly way **(adj) sprawled**

Answer 496

(adj) spreading out over a large area in an untidy or irregular way. | در حال پخش شدن بدون نظم و کنترل

Question 497

(n) ​the ability to invent things or solve problems in clever new ways = inventiveness | ابتکار. خلاقیت

Answer 497

**ingenuity** The problem tested the ingenuity of even the most imaginative students. I was impressed by the ingenuity and energy of the contestants. It took some time and a little ingenuity, but we were able to rescue the animals. **(adj) ingenuous** **(adv) ingenuously**

Question 498

**ingenuity** The problem tested the ingenuity of even the most imaginative students. I was impressed by the ingenuity and energy of the contestants. It took some time and a little ingenuity, but we were able to rescue the animals. **(adj) ingenuous** **(adv) ingenuously**

Answer 498

(n) ​the ability to invent things or solve problems in clever new ways = inventiveness | ابتکار. خلاقیت

Question 499

(n) a person who helps another to commit a crime or to do something wrong | شریک جرم. همدست

Answer 499

**accomplice** She became his unwitting accomplice in the robbery. an accomplice to murder The police suspect that she had an accomplice. ................................................................................................ **(adj) complicit** شریک جرم. همدست **involved with other people in something wrong or illegal** * **complicit (in/with somebody/something)** * Several officers were complicit in the cover-up. * She was accused of being complicit in her husband's death. **(n) complicity** همدستی، شراکت در جرم * to be guilty of complicity in the murder * evident complicity between the two brothers ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : complicity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : complicit ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : complicitly

Question 500

**accomplice** She became his unwitting accomplice in the robbery. an accomplice to murder The police suspect that she had an accomplice. ................................................................................................ **(adj) complicit** شریک جرم. همدست **involved with other people in something wrong or illegal** * **complicit (in/with somebody/something)** * Several officers were complicit in the cover-up. * She was accused of being complicit in her husband's death. **(n) complicity** همدستی، شراکت در جرم * to be guilty of complicity in the murder * evident complicity between the two brothers ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : complicity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : complicit ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : complicitly

Answer 500

(n) a person who helps another to commit a crime or to do something wrong | شریک جرم. همدست

Question 501

(n) agreement between people to act together secretly or illegally in order to deceive or cheat someone | تبانی، زد و بند

Answer 501

**collusion** **in collusion with somebody** The police were corrupt and were operating in collusion with the drug dealers. It is thought that they worked in collusion with the terrorist network. **collusion (between A and B)** There was collusion between the two witnesses (= they gave the same false evidence). ✅ فعل ( verb ) : collude ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : collusion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : collusive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : collusively

Question 502

**collusion** **in collusion with somebody** The police were corrupt and were operating in collusion with the drug dealers. It is thought that they worked in collusion with the terrorist network. **collusion (between A and B)** There was collusion between the two witnesses (= they gave the same false evidence). ✅ فعل ( verb ) : collude ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : collusion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : collusive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : collusively

Answer 502

(n) agreement between people to act together secretly or illegally in order to deceive or cheat someone | تبانی، زد و بند

Question 503

(v) to encourage an activity or development, or to cause something to develop faster | تشویق کردن یا باعث شدن یک فعالیت یا توسعه، یا تسریع کردن پیشرفت چیزی

Answer 503

**Spur** Rising consumer sales have the effect of spurring the economy to faster growth. Spurred (on) by her early success, she went on to write four more novels in rapid succession. The huge new factory spurred economic growth in the entire region.

Question 504

**Spur** Rising consumer sales have the effect of spurring the economy to faster growth. Spurred (on) by her early success, she went on to write four more novels in rapid succession. The huge new factory spurred economic growth in the entire region.

Answer 504

(v) to encourage an activity or development, or to cause something to develop faster | تشویق کردن یا باعث شدن یک فعالیت یا توسعه، یا تسریع کردن پیشرفت چیزی

Question 505

(v) to develop and improve something, especially a skill, over a period of time (v) to make a knife or other tool sharp or sharper = sharpen ## Footnote 1- تسلط پیدا کردن بر یک مهارت، بهبود بخشیدن 2- تیز کردن

Answer 505

**Hone** **hone something** She honed her debating skills at college. It was a finely honed piece of writing. **hone something to something** His body was honed to perfection. **be honed** His physique was honed to perfection. Her debating skills were honed in the students' union. ........................................................ ​**hone something (to something)** The knife had been honed to razor sharpness. The hook should be honed to a needle-sharp point.

Question 506

**Hone** **hone something** She honed her debating skills at college. It was a finely honed piece of writing. **hone something to something** His body was honed to perfection. **be honed** His physique was honed to perfection. Her debating skills were honed in the students' union. ........................................................ ​**hone something (to something)** The knife had been honed to razor sharpness. The hook should be honed to a needle-sharp point.

Answer 506

(v) to develop and improve something, especially a skill, over a period of time (v) to make a knife or other tool sharp or sharper = sharpen ## Footnote 1- تسلط پیدا کردن بر یک مهارت، بهبود بخشیدن 2- تیز کردن

Question 507

(v) **to cause something to move forward** ( to move, drive or push something or someone forward or in a particular direction, often with a lot of force) ## Footnote 1- {به جلو} راندن. پیش راندن 2- سوق دادن. کشاندن

Answer 507

**propel** a rocket propelled through space The Kon-Tiki sailed across the Pacific Ocean propelled by wind power. Seals use their fins and flippers to propel them through the water with great force. **propel someone into/to/towards something** The election propelled him into the presidency of one of the world's richest nations. They blocked oil refineries, propelling Britain towards a fuel crisis.

Question 508

**propel** a rocket propelled through space The Kon-Tiki sailed across the Pacific Ocean propelled by wind power. Seals use their fins and flippers to propel them through the water with great force. **propel someone into/to/towards something** The election propelled him into the presidency of one of the world's richest nations. They blocked oil refineries, propelling Britain towards a fuel crisis.

Answer 508

(v) **to cause something to move forward** ( to move, drive or push something or someone forward or in a particular direction, often with a lot of force) ## Footnote 1- {به جلو} راندن. پیش راندن 2- سوق دادن. کشاندن

Question 509

(v) to force someone to leave a school, organization, or country: (v) to force air or liquid out of something ## Footnote 1- (اخراج کردن (از یه کشور یا مدرسه یا سازمان 2- بیرون دادن هوا یا آب

Answer 509

**expel** The new government has expelled all foreign diplomats. Olympic athletes expelled for drug-taking **be expelled from** My brother was expelled from school for bad behaviour. ..................................................... She took a deep breath, then expelled the air in short blasts. **expel something from something** When you breathe out, you expel air from your lungs. Expel all the air from your chest. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : expel ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : expulsion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : expulsive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 510

**expel** The new government has expelled all foreign diplomats. Olympic athletes expelled for drug-taking **be expelled from** My brother was expelled from school for bad behaviour. ..................................................... She took a deep breath, then expelled the air in short blasts. **expel something from something** When you breathe out, you expel air from your lungs. Expel all the air from your chest. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : expel ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : expulsion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : expulsive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 510

(v) to force someone to leave a school, organization, or country: (v) to force air or liquid out of something ## Footnote 1- (اخراج کردن (از یه کشور یا مدرسه یا سازمان 2- بیرون دادن هوا یا آب

Question 511

(adj) used to refer to places that are a great distance away, or something that is spread over a very large area | دوردست، پراکنده

Answer 511

**far-flung** She has travelled to the most **far-flung corners of the world**. expeditions to the far-flung corners of the world a newsletter that helps to keep all our far-flung graduates in touch

Question 512

**far-flung** She has travelled to the most **far-flung corners of the world**. expeditions to the far-flung corners of the world a newsletter that helps to keep all our far-flung graduates in touch

Answer 512

(adj) used to refer to places that are a great distance away, or something that is spread over a very large area | دوردست، پراکنده

Question 513

(n) the central and most important part of a particular place or activity | مرکز ، کانون ، قطب ، مرکز فعالیت

Answer 513

**Hub** Chicago is a major transportation hub, with the busiest airport in the US. The airport has become an international hub. **hub of** the commercial hub of the city The kitchen was the hub of family life. **at the hub of** to be at the hub of things (= where things happen and important decisions are made) The computer department is at the hub of the company's operations.

Question 514

**Hub** Chicago is a major transportation hub, with the busiest airport in the US. The airport has become an international hub. **hub of** the commercial hub of the city The kitchen was the hub of family life. **at the hub of** to be at the hub of things (= where things happen and important decisions are made) The computer department is at the hub of the company's operations.

Answer 514

(n) the central and most important part of a particular place or activity | مرکز ، کانون ، قطب ، مرکز فعالیت

Question 515

(adj) [only before noun] connected with keeping places clean and healthy to live in, especially by removing human waste (adj) clean; not likely to cause health problems = hygienic | بهداشتی

Answer 515

**(in)sanitary** Overcrowding and poor **sanitary conditions** led to disease in the refugee camps. The hut had no cooking or sanitary facilities. ......................................................................... The new houses were more sanitary than the old ones had been. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : sanitize = ضدعفونی کردن​ =disinfect ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sanity سلامت عقل / sanitation بهداشت/ sanatorium ( sanitarium ) آسایشگاه / sanitizer ضدعفونی کننده / sanitization ضدعفونی کردن ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sane دارای سلامت عقل / sanitary / sanitized ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sanely / sanitarily

Question 516

**(in)sanitary** Overcrowding and poor **sanitary conditions** led to disease in the refugee camps. The hut had no cooking or sanitary facilities. ......................................................................... The new houses were more sanitary than the old ones had been. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : sanitize = ضدعفونی کردن​ =disinfect ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sanity سلامت عقل / sanitation بهداشت/ sanatorium ( sanitarium ) آسایشگاه / sanitizer ضدعفونی کننده / sanitization ضدعفونی کردن ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sane دارای سلامت عقل / sanitary / sanitized ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sanely / sanitarily

Answer 516

(adj) [only before noun] connected with keeping places clean and healthy to live in, especially by removing human waste (adj) clean; not likely to cause health problems = hygienic | بهداشتی

Question 517

(adj) clean, especially in order to prevent disease = sanitary | بهداشتی

Answer 517

**(un)hygienic** It isn't hygienic to let animals sit on the dining table. Food must be prepared in hygienic conditions. The kitchen didn’t look very hygienic. **(adv) hygienically** **(n) hygiene** * Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast. * health and hygiene regulations * dental/personal hygiene

Question 518

**(un)hygienic** It isn't hygienic to let animals sit on the dining table. Food must be prepared in hygienic conditions. The kitchen didn’t look very hygienic. **(adv) hygienically** **(n) hygiene** * Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast. * health and hygiene regulations * dental/personal hygiene

Answer 518

(adj) clean, especially in order to prevent disease = sanitary | بهداشتی

Question 519

آبیاری کردن ( بهداشت و پزشکی ) شستشو دادن

Answer 519

**Irrigate** irrigated land/crops/fields The waters in these three rivers irrigate the plains of Punjab. **(n) irrigation**

Question 520

**Irrigate** irrigated land/crops/fields The waters in these three rivers irrigate the plains of Punjab. **(n) irrigation**

Answer 520

آبیاری کردن ( بهداشت و پزشکی ) شستشو دادن

Question 521

(n) any small organism, such as a virus or a bacterium that can cause disease ## Footnote عامل بیماری زا ( آنچه مایه ى پیدایش بیمارى می شود، براى نمونه، باکترى، ویروس، قارچ.)

Answer 521

**pathogen** a dangerous pathogen the spread of pathogens by insects **(adj) pathogenic** pathogenic organisms

Question 522

**pathogen** a dangerous pathogen the spread of pathogens by insects **(adj) pathogenic** pathogenic organisms

Answer 522

(n) any small organism, such as a virus or a bacterium that can cause disease ## Footnote عامل بیماری زا ( آنچه مایه ى پیدایش بیمارى می شود، براى نمونه، باکترى، ویروس، قارچ.)

Question 523

(v) to build a building, wall, or other structure (v) to put something in position so that it stands upright = MAKE VERTICAL (adj) in a straight position pointing upwards = straight ## Footnote 1- بر پا کردن 2- عمودی و قائم کردن 3- راست، صاف، عمودی و قائم

Answer 523

**erect** The war memorial was erected in 1950. The soldiers had erected barricades to protect themselves The church was erected in 1582. ................................................................................ Police had to erect barriers to keep crowds back. to erect a tent They erected a marquee to accommodate 500 wedding guests. ............................................................................................................. Stand with your arms by your side and your head erect. In our first one or two years of life we develop the balance to be able to stand erect. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : erect ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : erection ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : erect / erectile / erected ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : erectly

Question 524

**erect** The war memorial was erected in 1950. The soldiers had erected barricades to protect themselves The church was erected in 1582. ................................................................................ Police had to erect barriers to keep crowds back. to erect a tent They erected a marquee to accommodate 500 wedding guests. ............................................................................................................. Stand with your arms by your side and your head erect. In our first one or two years of life we develop the balance to be able to stand erect. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : erect ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : erection ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : erect / erectile / erected ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : erectly

Answer 524

(v) to build a building, wall, or other structure (v) to put something in position so that it stands upright = MAKE VERTICAL (adj) in a straight position pointing upwards = straight ## Footnote 1- بر پا کردن 2- عمودی و قائم کردن 3- راست، صاف، عمودی و قائم

Question 525

(n) طاعون (n) any disease that spreads quickly and kills a lot of people = epidemic (n) large numbers of an animal or insect that come into an area and cause great damage (v) to cause worry, pain, or difficulty to someone or something over a period of time = trouble (v) to annoy somebody or create problems, especially by asking for something, demanding attention, etc. ## Footnote 1- طاعون 2- همه گیری 3-تعداد زیادی از چیزهایی که ناخوشایند هستند یا ممکن است باعث آسیب شوند 4- دچار نگرانی، درد یا مشکل کردن 5- اذیت کردن،آزار دادن

Answer 525

**plague** a decline in population following outbreaks of plague ................................................. the plague of AIDS ................................................. a plague of locusts/rats, etc. ............................................... to be plagued by doubt Financial problems are plaguing the company. The team has been plagued by injury this season. Economic problems continued to plague the country. He has been plagued with leg injuries this season. ............................... The children plagued him with questions all through lunch. He's been plaguing me for a loan of the book. Rock stars have to get used to being plagued by autograph hunters.

Question 526

**plague** a decline in population following outbreaks of plague ................................................. the plague of AIDS ................................................. a plague of locusts/rats, etc. ............................................... to be plagued by doubt Financial problems are plaguing the company. The team has been plagued by injury this season. Economic problems continued to plague the country. He has been plagued with leg injuries this season. ............................... The children plagued him with questions all through lunch. He's been plaguing me for a loan of the book. Rock stars have to get used to being plagued by autograph hunters. ## Footnote 1- طاعون 2- همه گیری 3-تعداد زیادی از چیزهایی که ناخوشایند هستند یا ممکن است باعث آسیب شوند 4- دچار نگرانی، درد یا مشکل کردن 5- اذیت کردن،آزار دادن

Answer 526

(n) طاعون (n) any disease that spreads quickly and kills a lot of people = epidemic (n) large numbers of an animal or insect that come into an area and cause great damage (v) to cause worry, pain, or difficulty to someone or something over a period of time = trouble (v) to annoy somebody or create problems, especially by asking for something, demanding attention, etc.

Question 527

# ** (adj) (of a painting or other work of art) large and done on a wall, sometimes on an outside wall of a building (n) a painting or other work of art executed directly on a wall. ## Footnote 1. دیواری ( مربوط به نقاشی یا دیگر هنرهای روی دیوار) 2- نقاشی دیواری. دیوارنگاره

Answer 527

**Mural** mural paintings .................................................... huge murals depicting Norse legends" **(n) muralist**

Question 528

# ** **Mural** mural paintings .................................................... huge murals depicting Norse legends" **(n) muralist**

Answer 528

(adj) (of a painting or other work of art) large and done on a wall, sometimes on an outside wall of a building (n) a painting or other work of art executed directly on a wall. ## Footnote 1. دیواری ( مربوط به نقاشی یا دیگر هنرهای روی دیوار) 2- نقاشی دیواری. دیوارنگاره

Question 529

(n) a system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by a large number of officials employed to follow rules carefully | کاغذبازی اداری

Answer 529

**bureaucracy** I had to deal with the university's bureaucracy when I was applying for financial aid. We need to reduce paperwork and bureaucracy in the company. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : bureaucracy / bureaucrat کارمند بخش اداری / bureau ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : bureaucratic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bureaucratically

Question 530

**bureaucracy** I had to deal with the university's bureaucracy when I was applying for financial aid. We need to reduce paperwork and bureaucracy in the company. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : bureaucracy / bureaucrat کارمند بخش اداری / bureau ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : bureaucratic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bureaucratically

Answer 530

(n) a system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by a large number of officials employed to follow rules carefully | کاغذبازی اداری

Question 531

(adj) happening or done without delay = instant (adj) existing now and needing attention quickly (adj) [only before noun] next to or very close to a particular place or time (adj) [only before noun] nearest in relationship or rank (adj) [only before noun] having a direct effect ## Footnote 1- فوری 2- بلافاصله ،آنی 3- نزدیک یا مجاور 4- نزدیک(خانواده نزدیک یا کسی که مستقیما زیردست یا بالا دست توی رتبه یا شغل هست) 5-مستقیم یا بلافاصله

Answer 531

**immediate** an immediate reaction/response to take immediate action RAM stores information for immediate access. This decision will have an immediate impact on students. ........................................................................ Our immediate concern is to help the families of those who died. The hospital says she's out of immediate danger. weapons of mass destruction that were an immediate threat to international security The report focuses on some of the more immediate problems facing us. He said there was no immediate need to appeal for international assistance. .................................................. in the immediate vicinity in the immediate aftermath of the war The prospects for the immediate future are good. The director is standing on her immediate right. my immediate predecessor in the job (= the person who had the job just before me) ............................................................ The funeral was attended by her immediate family (= her parents, children, brothers and sisters) only. He is my immediate superior (= the person directly above me) in the company. ............................................................................. The immediate cause of death is unknown. An immediate result/effect of the war was a breakdown of law and order. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : immediacy فوری یا نزدیک بودن ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : immediate ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : immediately ✅ کلمه ربط ( conjunction ) : immediately the **immediacy** of threat Email lacks the **immediacy** of online chat. ...................................................... **the immediate future** آینده نزدیک

Question 532

**immediate** an immediate reaction/response to take immediate action RAM stores information for immediate access. This decision will have an immediate impact on students. ........................................................................ Our immediate concern is to help the families of those who died. The hospital says she's out of immediate danger. weapons of mass destruction that were an immediate threat to international security The report focuses on some of the more immediate problems facing us. He said there was no immediate need to appeal for international assistance. .................................................. in the immediate vicinity in the immediate aftermath of the war The prospects for the immediate future are good. The director is standing on her immediate right. my immediate predecessor in the job (= the person who had the job just before me) ............................................................ The funeral was attended by her immediate family (= her parents, children, brothers and sisters) only. He is my immediate superior (= the person directly above me) in the company. ............................................................................. The immediate cause of death is unknown. An immediate result/effect of the war was a breakdown of law and order. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : immediacy فوری یا نزدیک بودن ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : immediate ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : immediately ✅ کلمه ربط ( conjunction ) : immediately the **immediacy** of threat Email lacks the **immediacy** of online chat. ...................................................... **the immediate future** آینده نزدیک

Answer 532

(adj) happening or done without delay = instant (adj) existing now and needing attention quickly (adj) [only before noun] next to or very close to a particular place or time (adj) [only before noun] nearest in relationship or rank (adj) [only before noun] having a direct effect ## Footnote 1- فوری 2- بلافاصله ،آنی 3- نزدیک یا مجاور 4- نزدیک(خانواده نزدیک یا کسی که مستقیما زیردست یا بالا دست توی رتبه یا شغل هست) 5-مستقیم یا بلافاصله

Question 533

(n) a list of goods that have been sold, work that has been done, etc., showing what you must pay = bill = check (v) to write or send somebody a bill for work you have done or goods you have provided | صورت حساب، فاکتور

Answer 533

**invoice** to send/issue/settle an invoice for the goods an invoice for £250 ........................... **invoice somebody (for something)** You will be invoiced for these items at the end of the month. **invoice something (to somebody/something)** Invoice the goods to my account.

Question 534

you have provided **invoice** to send/issue/settle an invoice for the goods an invoice for £250 ........................... **invoice somebody (for something)** You will be invoiced for these items at the end of the month. **invoice something (to somebody/something)** Invoice the goods to my account.

Answer 534

(n) a list of goods that have been sold, work that has been done, etc., showing what you must pay = bill = check (v) to write or send somebody a bill for work you have done or goods | صورت حساب، فاکتور

Question 535

(v) to cause a particular reaction or feeling (v) to try to make a person or an animal angry or annoyed | **تحریک کردن** ## Footnote 1- باعث واکنش یا احساسی شدن 2- عصبانی کردن یا روی مخ کسی رفتن

Answer 535

**provoke** I’m trying to make people think, provoke their emotions. His death provoked huge demonstrations. The announcement provoked a storm of protest. The article was intended to provoke discussion. Dairy products may provoke allergic reactions in some people. ............................................................................. **provoke somebody** Be careful what you say—he's easily provoked. It was a vicious-looking dog and I didn't want to provoke it. **provoke somebody into (doing) something** The lawyer claimed his client was provoked into acts of violence by the defendant. **provoke somebody to do something** An attack on their city will only provoke them to retaliate.

Question 536

**provoke** I’m trying to make people think, provoke their emotions. His death provoked huge demonstrations. The announcement provoked a storm of protest. The article was intended to provoke discussion. Dairy products may provoke allergic reactions in some people. ............................................................................. **provoke somebody** Be careful what you say—he's easily provoked. It was a vicious-looking dog and I didn't want to provoke it. **provoke somebody into (doing) something** The lawyer claimed his client was provoked into acts of violence by the defendant. **provoke somebody to do something** An attack on their city will only provoke them to retaliate.

Answer 536

(v) to cause a particular reaction or feeling (v) to try to make a person or an animal angry or annoyed | **تحریک کردن** ## Footnote 1- باعث واکنش یا احساسی شدن 2- عصبانی کردن یا روی مخ کسی رفتن

Question 537

(adj) (of a liquid) made thicker by removing some of the water ANT deluted (adj) (of a piece of writing) made shorter in length (adj) made from a gas into a liquid or solid state | غلیظ شده - خلاصه شده - چگالیده و فشرده شده

Answer 537

**condensed** condensed soup condensed milk ............................................ The speech was largely a condensed version of his book. The first part of her book serves as a condensed introduction to the main ideas. ............................................ The condensed vapor will not include salt or most other impurities The division will deal in oil and condensed gas products. **(v) condense**

Question 538

**condensed** condensed soup condensed milk ............................................ The speech was largely a condensed version of his book. The first part of her book serves as a condensed introduction to the main ideas. ............................................ The condensed vapor will not include salt or most other impurities The division will deal in oil and condensed gas products. **(v) condense**

Answer 538

(adj) (of a liquid) made thicker by removing some of the water ANT deluted (adj) (of a piece of writing) made shorter in length (adj) made from a gas into a liquid or solid state | غلیظ شده - خلاصه شده - چگالیده و فشرده شده

Question 539

(n) an unexpected difference, esp. in two amounts or two sets of facts or conditions, which suggests that something is wrong and has to be explained (**a difference between two things that should be the same**) | اختلاف

Answer 539

**discrepancy** There were troubling discrepancies between his public and private opinions on how to balance the budget. **discrepancy between** There is some discrepancy between the two accounts. **discrepancy in** The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers. | = discrepancy in

Question 540

**discrepancy** There were troubling discrepancies between his public and private opinions on how to balance the budget. **discrepancy between** There is some discrepancy between the two accounts. **discrepancy in** The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers.

Answer 540

(n) an unexpected difference, esp. in two amounts or two sets of facts or conditions, which suggests that something is wrong and has to be explained (**a difference between two things that should be the same**) | اختلاف

Question 541

(adj) calm in manner and easy to influence, persuade, or control; submissive | رام و مطیع

Answer 541

**docile** The once docile population has finally risen up against the ruthless regime. They have a big dog, but he’s real friendly and docile. اسم ( noun ) : docility صفت ( adjective ) : docile قید ( adverb ) : docilely | = submissive, obedient

Question 542

**docile** The once docile population has finally risen up against the ruthless regime. They have a big dog, but he’s real friendly and docile. اسم( noun ): docility صفت ( adjective ) : docile قید ( adverb ) : docilely

Answer 542

(adj) calm in manner and easy to influence, persuade, or control; submissive | رام و مطیع

Question 543

(v) to make an animal, bird, etc. not afraid of people and used to living with them = domesticate (v) to make an emotion, an organization, a situation, etc., less powerful or easier to control (adj) (especially of animals) not wild or dangerous, either naturally or because of training or long involvement with humans: ## Footnote 1- اهلی کردن ، رام کردن 2- تحت کنترل درآوردن 3- رام و اهلی

Answer 543

**tame** Lions can never be completely tamed ........................................... She made strenuous efforts to tame her anger. the battle to tame inflation He'll need to tame his temper if he wants to succeed. .................................................... After a few months' contact the monkeys become very tame. the fish are so tame you have to push them away

Question 544

**tame** Lions can never be completely tamed ........................................... She made strenuous efforts to tame her anger. the battle to tame inflation He'll need to tame his temper if he wants to succeed. .................................................... After a few months' contact the monkeys become very tame. the fish are so tame you have to push them away

Answer 544

(v) to make an animal, bird, etc. not afraid of people and used to living with them = domesticate (v) to make an emotion, an organization, a situation, etc., less powerful or easier to control (adj) (especially of animals) not wild or dangerous, either naturally or because of training or long involvement with humans: ## Footnote 1- اهلی کردن ، رام کردن 2- تحت کنترل درآوردن 3- رام و اهلی

Question 545

(adj) morally bad = evil (adj) slightly bad but in a way that is funny and/or attractive

Answer 545

**wicked** a wicked deed stories about a wicked witch ........................................................... a wicked grin Jane has a wicked sense of humour. She smiled a faintly wicked smile. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wicked / wickedness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : wicked ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : wickedly

Question 546

**wicked** a wicked deed stories about a wicked witch ........................................................... a wicked grin Jane has a wicked sense of humour. She smiled a faintly wicked smile. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wicked / wickedness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : wicked ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : wickedly

Answer 546

(adj) morally bad = evil (adj) slightly bad but in a way that is funny and/or attractive

Question 547

(adj) only basic, and not deep or detailed | ابتدایی

Answer 547

**rudimentary** She has only a rudimentary grasp of the language. Her knowledge is still only rudimentary. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : rudiments صفت ( adjective ) : rudimentary قید ( adverb ) : _ | = basic

Question 548

**rudimentary** She has only a rudimentary grasp of the language. Her knowledge is still only rudimentary. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : rudiments صفت ( adjective ) : rudimentary قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 548

(adj) only basic, and not deep or detailed | ابتدایی

Question 549

(adj) not aware of or not noticing or concerned something, esp. what is happening around you | بی خبر. غافل -. بی اعتنا

Answer 549

=**oblivious** "she became absorbed, oblivious to the passage of time" She was often oblivious to the potential consequences of her actions. Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings. The mayor seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obliviousness = oblivion = the same meaning as oblivion or the state of being completely forgotten by the public بی خبری یا نسیان​ و فراموشی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : oblivious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obliviously

Question 550

**oblivious** "she became absorbed, oblivious to the passage of time" She was often oblivious to the potential consequences of her actions. Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings. The mayor seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obliviousness = oblivion = the same meaning as oblivion or the state of being completely forgotten by the public بی خبری یا نسیان​ و فراموشی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : oblivious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obliviously

Answer 550

(adj) not aware of or not noticing or concerned something, esp. what is happening around you | بی خبر. غافل -. بی اعتنا

Question 551

(adj) unnecessary because it is more than is needed * (of a person) no longer employed because there is no more work available. * (of words, phrases, etc. or data) able to be omitted without loss of meaning or function. | تعدیل شده، بیکار شده - اضافی و غیر ضروری

Answer 551

**redundant** "eight permanent staff were **made redundant**" To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant. figurative New technology often makes old skills and even whole communities redundant. .............................................. "our peculiar affection for redundant phrases" In the sentence "She is a single unmarried woman", the word "unmarried" is redundant. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : redundancy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : redundant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : redundantly The economic downturn has meant 10,000 **redundancies** in the Northeast. heavy/large-scale/widespread redundancies a redundancy programme/scheme

Question 552

**redundant** "eight permanent staff were **made redundant**" To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant. figurative New technology often makes old skills and even whole communities redundant. .............................................. "our peculiar affection for redundant phrases" In the sentence "She is a single unmarried woman", the word "unmarried" is redundant. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : redundancy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : redundant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : redundantly The economic downturn has meant 10,000 **redundancies** in the Northeast. heavy/large-scale/widespread redundancies a redundancy programme/scheme

Answer 552

(adj) unnecessary because it is more than is needed * (of a person) no longer employed because there is no more work available. * (of words, phrases, etc. or data) able to be omitted without loss of meaning or function. | تعدیل شده، بیکار شده - اضافی و غیر ضروری

Question 553

(n) تبر (n) the situation in which someone loses their job, or When a service, plan, etc is stopped or prevented from happening, usually because of a lack of money (v) to reduce services, jobs, payments, etc. a lot or completely without warning or in a single action, or to remove somebody from their job, especially large numbers of employees in order to reduce costs

Answer 553

**axe or ax(US)** Julian used an axe to chop down the old apple tree. ........................................................................... **the axe** Over 500 staff are facing the axe. Up to 300 workers are facing the axe at a struggling Merseyside firm. Patients are delighted their local hospital has been saved from the axe. Protesters, anxious over the spending cuts, urged councillors to think again before wielding the axe. Religious programmes will be the first to get the axe if she's put in charge of the station. ..................................................................................... Jones has been axed from the team 2 500 employees were axed as part of a rationalization program. Because of the recession the company is to axe 350 jobs. The TV series will be axed owing to a decline in popularity. axe jobs/posts/staff Other less profitable services are to be axed later this year.

Question 554

**axe or ax(US)** Julian used an axe to chop down the old apple tree. ........................................................................... **the axe** Over 500 staff are facing the axe. Up to 300 workers are facing the axe at a struggling Merseyside firm. Patients are delighted their local hospital has been saved from the axe. Protesters, anxious over the spending cuts, urged councillors to think again before wielding the axe. Religious programmes will be the first to get the axe if she's put in charge of the station. ..................................................................................... Jones has been axed from the team 2 500 employees were axed as part of a rationalization program. Because of the recession the company is to axe 350 jobs. The TV series will be axed owing to a decline in popularity. axe jobs/posts/staff Other less profitable services are to be axed later this year.

Answer 554

(n) تبر (n) the situation in which someone loses their job, or When a service, plan, etc is stopped or prevented from happening, usually because of a lack of money (v) to reduce services, jobs, payments, etc. a lot or completely without warning or in a single action, or to remove somebody from their job, especially large numbers of employees in order to reduce costs

Question 555

(adj) giving or showing careful attention to every detail: | دقیق و ریزبین

Answer 555

**meticulous** a meticulous housekeeper meticulous research Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book. "the designs are hand-glazed with meticulous care" فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : meticulousness صفت ( adjective ) : meticulous قید ( adverb ) : meticulously

Question 556

**meticulous** a meticulous housekeeper meticulous research Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book. "the designs are hand-glazed with meticulous care" فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : meticulousness صفت ( adjective ) : meticulous قید ( adverb ) : meticulously

Answer 556

(adj) giving or showing careful attention to every detail: | دقیق و ریزبین

Question 557

(adj) that must exist or happen before something else can happen or be done | پیش نیاز

Answer 557

**prerequisite** prerequisite knowledge Passing a written test is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course. Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of this project. They had to agree to certain conditions as a prerequisite of being lent the money. ....................................................................................................... **requisite** **(adj) needed for a particular purpose or result** لازم ، مورد نیاز ، ضروری * I worked to develop the requisite skills for a managerial position. * He lacked the requisite skills for the job. * The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention. ................................................. **(n) a thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end.** لازمه * A good book is a requisite for long journeys. * Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence. ✅️ فعل (verb) : require / requisition ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : requirement / requisite / requisition ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : requisite ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - ................................................................................ **(v)requisition** درخواست رسمی کردن to officially request or take (something) * The army requisitioned all the trucks in the region. **(n)requisition** درخواست رسمی برای در اختیار گیری چیزی a formal or official request for something needed: The staff made a requisition for new desks.

Question 558

**prerequisite** prerequisite knowledge Passing a written test is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course. Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of this project. They had to agree to certain conditions as a prerequisite of being lent the money. ....................................................................................................... **requisite** **(adj) needed for a particular purpose or result** لازم ، مورد نیاز ، ضروری * I worked to develop the requisite skills for a managerial position. * He lacked the requisite skills for the job. * The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention. ................................................. **(n) a thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end.** لازمه * A good book is a requisite for long journeys. * Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence. ✅️ فعل (verb) : require / requisition ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : requirement / requisite / requisition ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : requisite ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - ................................................................................ **(v)requisition** درخواست رسمی کردن to officially request or take (something) * The army requisitioned all the trucks in the region. **(n)requisition** درخواست رسمی برای در اختیار گیری چیزی a formal or official request for something needed: The staff made a requisition for new desks.

Answer 558

(adj) that must exist or happen before something else can happen or be done | پیش نیاز

Question 559

(v) (of woven cloth) to separate into threads, or to separate the fibers of a thread, rope, or cloth (v) (of an intricate process, system, or arrangement) disintegrate or be destroyed. (v) o solve a crime or explain a mystery ## Footnote از هم بازکردن، از هم پاشیدن و از بین رفتن، باز کردن ( فهم و توضیح ) یک مساله

Answer 559

**unravel** You'd better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel. I had to unravel one of the sleeves because I realized I'd knitted it too small. .......................................... "his painstaking diplomacy of the last eight months could quickly unravel" the unraveling of the soviet union .......................................................... You will discover what the title means as you unravel the movie's mysteries. "they were attempting to unravel the cause of death" We have a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics. **(adj) unraveling** | = seperate

Question 560

**unravel** You'd better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel. I had to unravel one of the sleeves because I realized I'd knitted it too small. .......................................... "his painstaking diplomacy of the last eight months could quickly unravel" the unraveling of the soviet union .......................................................... You will discover what the title means as you unravel the movie's mysteries. "they were attempting to unravel the cause of death" We have a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics. **(adj) unraveling**

Answer 560

(v) (of woven cloth) to separate into threads, or to separate the fibers of a thread, rope, or cloth (v) (of an intricate process, system, or arrangement) disintegrate or be destroyed. (v) o solve a crime or explain a mystery | = seperate ## Footnote از هم بازکردن، از هم پاشیدن و از بین رفتن، باز کردن ( فهم و توضیح ) یک مساله

Question 561

(n) the authority of a court or official organization to make decisions and judgments | صلاحیت قانونی یا قضایی، اختیار قانونی یا قضایی

Answer 561

**Jurisdiction** The court has no **jurisdiction in/over** cases of this kind. **jurisdiction (of somebody/something) to do something** The Court of Appeal exercised its jurisdiction to order a review of the case. **within/outside somebody's jurisdiction** School admissions are not under/within our jurisdiction. ...... **(adj) jurisdictional** / **(adv) jurisdictional** a serious jurisdictional error jurisdictional decisions The Constitution limits the jurisdictional reach of state courts. ............................................................ **(adj) juridical / (adv) juridically** قضایی یا حقوقی **relating to the law, judges or legal matters** * "clear words are a matter of practical rather than juridical significance

Question 562

**Jurisdiction** The court has no **jurisdiction in/over** cases of this kind. **jurisdiction (of somebody/something) to do something** The Court of Appeal exercised its jurisdiction to order a review of the case. **within/outside somebody's jurisdiction** School admissions are not under/within our jurisdiction. ...... **(adj) jurisdictional** / **(adv) jurisdictional** a serious jurisdictional error jurisdictional decisions The Constitution limits the jurisdictional reach of state courts. ............................................................ **(adj) juridical / (adv) juridically** قضایی یا حقوقی **relating to the law, judges or legal matters** * "clear words are a matter of practical rather than juridical significance

Answer 562

(n) the authority of a court or official organization to make decisions and judgments | صلاحیت قانونی یا قضایی، اختیار قانونی یا قضایی

Question 563

(v) to do something to make somebody hostile or angry with you or feel opposed to you ## Footnote انجام دادن کاری که باعث شود کسی عصبانی یا ناراحت شود یا بهش بر بخوره و باعث بشه تا با شما دشمنی یا مخالف یا لج بکنه

Answer 563

**antagonize** It's a very delicate situation and I've no wish to antagonize him. Not wishing to antagonize her further, he said no more. he antagonized fellow architects by criticizing traditional values ✅ فعل ( verb ) : antagonize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : antagonist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : antagonistic = نشان دادن یا احساس مخالفت یا خصومت فعال نسبت به کسی یا چیزی. ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : antagonistically

Question 564

​**antagonize** It's a very delicate situation and I've no wish to antagonize him. Not wishing to antagonize her further, he said no more. he antagonized fellow architects by criticizing traditional values ✅ فعل ( verb ) : antagonize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : antagonist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : antagonistic = نشان دادن یا احساس مخالفت یا خصومت فعال نسبت به کسی یا چیزی. ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : antagonistically

Answer 564

(v) to do something to make somebody hostile or angry with you or feel opposed to you ## Footnote انجام دادن کاری که باعث شود کسی عصبانی یا ناراحت شود یا بهش بر بخوره و باعث بشه تا با شما دشمنی یا مخالف یا لج بکنه

Question 565

(v) to make somebody feel angry or disappointed about something over a long period of time (**make (someone) feel bitter or resentful over a long period of time**) | تلخکام کردن

Answer 565

**embitter** Years of caring for her ageing parents had embittered her. They were becoming deeply embittered by the government’s lack of concern. What had embittered them most of all was their exclusion from the judicial process. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : embitter ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : bitterness / bitter / bitters / embitterment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : bitter / embittered ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bitterly

Question 566

**embitter** Years of caring for her ageing parents had embittered her. They were becoming deeply embittered by the government’s lack of concern. What had embittered them most of all was their exclusion from the judicial process. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : embitter ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : bitterness / bitter / bitters / embitterment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : bitter / embittered ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bitterly

Answer 566

(v) to make somebody feel angry or disappointed about something over a long period of time (**make (someone) feel bitter or resentful over a long period of time**) | تلخکام کردن

Question 567

(n) natural ability or skill at doing something = **talent** | استعداد ذاتی

Answer 567

**aptitude** an aptitude test (= one designed to show whether somebody has the natural ability for a particular job or course of education) **aptitude for something** She showed a natural aptitude for the work. an aptitude for mathematics children who show an aptitude for music **aptitude for doing something** His aptitude for dealing with children got him the job. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aptness / aptitude ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : apt ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aptly

Question 568

**aptitude** an aptitude test (= one designed to show whether somebody has the natural ability for a particular job or course of education) **aptitude for something** She showed a natural aptitude for the work. an aptitude for mathematics children who show an aptitude for music **aptitude for doing something** His aptitude for dealing with children got him the job. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aptness / aptitude ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : apt ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aptly

Answer 568

(n) natural ability or skill at doing something = **talent** | استعداد ذاتی

Question 569

(adj) full of interest and energy (adj) (of drawings, images, etc. in a film) made to look as if they are moving | سرزنده - متحرک یا انیمیشن شده

Answer 569

**animated** an animated discussion/conversation Her face suddenly became animated. Mark was beginning to sound animated. Sounds of animated conversation and laughter came from the next room. .............................................................. animated cartoons/graphics/models ✅ فعل ( verb ) : animate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : animism / animist / animation / animator / animatronics / animal / animality ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : animistic / animate / animated / animato / animatronic / animal ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : animatedly / animato

Question 570

**animated** an animated discussion/conversation Her face suddenly became animated. Mark was beginning to sound animated. Sounds of animated conversation and laughter came from the next room. .............................................................. animated cartoons/graphics/models ✅ فعل ( verb ) : animate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : animism / animist / animation / animator / animatronics / animal / animality ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : animistic / animate / animated / animato / animatronic / animal ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : animatedly / animato

Answer 570

(adj) full of interest and energy = LIVELY (adj) (of drawings, images, etc. in a film) made to look as if they are moving | سرزنده - متحرک یا انیمیشن شده

Question 571

(v) to stop sth (a meeting, legal case, an official process, or game) with the intention of resuming it later (v,phrasal verb) (of a group of people) to go somewhere, usually for rest or refreshment. ## Footnote 1- به وقتِ دیگر موکول کردن، به تعویق انداختن 2- رفتن به جایی، معمولاً برای استراحت یا سرحال شدن

Answer 571

**adjourn** The court adjourned for lunch. The trial has been adjourned until next week. The chairman may adjourn the meeting at any time The meeting was adjourned until Tuesday. Shall we adjourn for lunch? .............................................................. **adjourn to somewhere** Shall we adjourn to the sitting room for coffee? "they adjourned to a local pub" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : adjourn ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : adjournment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 572

**adjourn** The court adjourned for lunch. The trial has been adjourned until next week. The chairman may adjourn the meeting at any time The meeting was adjourned until Tuesday. Shall we adjourn for lunch? .............................................................. **adjourn to somewhere** Shall we adjourn to the sitting room for coffee? "they adjourned to a local pub" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : adjourn ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : adjournment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 572

(v) to stop sth (a meeting, legal case, an official process, or game) with the intention of resuming it later (v,phrasal verb) (of a group of people) to go somewhere, usually for rest or refreshment. ## Footnote 1- به وقتِ دیگر موکول کردن، به تعویق انداختن 2- رفتن به جایی، معمولاً برای استراحت یا سرحال شدن

Question 573

(n) a period of time in the year when the members of a parliament, court of law, or other government organization are not meeting (n) a short break in a trial in court (n) (US) a period of time between lessons at school = (British English break, break time) (n) فرورفتگی ## Footnote 1- تعطیلات مراکز دولتی 2- تنفس، استراحت کوتاه 3- ( مدرسه ) زنگ تفریح 4- ( معماری ) تو رفتگی. فرورفتگی

Answer 573

**recess** Parliament went into its long summer recess. The court is in recess until October. ................................................................... The judge called a short recess. .............................................................. He wouldn't play with me at recess. I believe kids need more recess time. ................................................................. The room has a recess designed to hold bookshelves. Psychoanalysts aim to explore the deepest/innermost recesses of the mind.

Question 574

**recess** Parliament went into its long summer recess. The court is in recess until October. ................................................................... The judge called a short recess. .............................................................. He wouldn't play with me at recess. I believe kids need more recess time. ................................................................. The room has a recess designed to hold bookshelves. Psychoanalysts aim to explore the deepest/innermost recesses of the mind.

Answer 574

(n) a period of time in the year when the members of a parliament, court of law, or other government organization are not meeting (n) a short break in a trial in court (n) (US) a period of time between lessons at school = (British English break, break time) (n) فرورفتگی ## Footnote 1- تعطیلات مراکز دولتی 2- تنفس، استراحت کوتاه 3- ( مدرسه ) زنگ تفریح 4- ( معماری ) تو رفتگی. فرورفتگی

Question 575

(adj) behaving in an unfriendly way towards other people because you think that you are better than them = **arrogant** | متکبر

Answer 575

**haughty** a haughty face/look/manner He replied with haughty disdain. She threw him a look of haughty disdain. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : haughtiness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : haughty ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : haughtily

Question 576

**haughty** a haughty face/look/manner He replied with haughty disdain. She threw him a look of haughty disdain. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : haughtiness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : haughty ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : haughtily

Answer 576

(adj) behaving in an unfriendly way towards other people because you think that you are better than them = **arrogant** | متکبر

Question 577

(adj) able to think quickly; intelligent | تیزهوش

Answer 577

**quick-witted** a quick-witted student/response

Question 578

**quick-witted** a quick-witted student/response

Answer 578

(adj) able to think quickly; intelligent | تیزهوش

Question 579

(n) a **border** between two countries (n) the limit of something, especially the limit of what is known about a particular subject or activity | مرز - مرزها یا محدودیت های چیزی

Answer 579

**frontier** Some of the **frontier between** Germany and Poland follows the course of the river Oder. Nepal has **frontiers with** both India and China. They lived in a town close to **the frontier**. a frontier town/zone/post .................................................................... **the frontiers of something** to push back the frontiers of science (= to increase knowledge of science) to roll back the frontiers of government (= to limit the powers of the government) Space is the final frontier for us to explore.

Question 580

**frontier** Some of the **frontier between** Germany and Poland follows the course of the river Oder. Nepal has **frontiers with** both India and China. They lived in a town close to **the frontier**. a frontier town/zone/post .................................................................... **the frontiers of something** to push back the frontiers of science (= to increase knowledge of science) to roll back the frontiers of government (= to limit the powers of the government) Space is the final frontier for us to explore.

Answer 580

(n) a **border** between two countries (n) the limit of something, especially the limit of what is known about a particular subject or activity | مرز - مرزها یا محدودیت های چیزی

Question 581

(adj) attractive and pleasant = delightful =enthralling = fascinating | مسحور کننده

Answer 581

**enchanting** Belgium is an enchanting country. an enchanting view ✅ فعل ( verb ) : enchant = to attract somebody strongly and make them feel very interested, excited, etc. مسحور کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enchanter / enchantress ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enchanting / enchanted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : enchantingly

Question 582

**enchanting** Belgium is an enchanting country. an enchanting view ✅ فعل ( verb ) : enchant = to attract somebody strongly and make them feel very interested, excited, etc. مسحور کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enchanter / enchantress ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enchanting / enchanted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : enchantingly

Answer 582

(adj) attractive and pleasant = delightful =enthralling = fascinating | مسحور کننده

Question 583

(v) to take somebody/something in your hand suddenly and using force = grab (v) to take control of a place or situation, often suddenly and violently = capture (v) to arrest or capture somebody (v) (of the police or another authority) take possession of (something, specially illegal or stolen goods) by warrant or legal right = confiscate (v) to be quick to make use of a chance, an opportunity, etc. ........................................ (phrasal verb) to use, accept, or take advantage of something quickly or enthusiastically ## Footnote 1- گرفتن (با زور) 2- کنترل چیزی، موقعیتی یا جایی را به دست گرفتن 3-اسیر کردن ، دستگیر کردن 4- توقیف کردن ، مصادره کردن 5- غنیمت شمردن ...................... 6- - مورد توجه واقع شدن ( اگر بعد از آن by بیاید )- سود بردن یا استفاده کردن ( از یک اتفاق یا یک ایده )

Answer 583

**seize** **seize something from somebody** She tried to seize the gun from him. **seize somebody/something** He seized her by the arm. She seized hold of my hand. ............................................ **seize something (from somebody)** They seized the airport in a surprise attack. The army has seized control of the country. He seized power in a military coup. Troops yesterday seized control of the broadcasting station. ......................................... **seize sb** The men were seized as they left the building. Terrorists have seized five hostages. .............................................. "police have seized 726 lb of cocaine" A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid. We have the legal right to seize his property. The goods that were seized had been hidden in a shipment of paint. ...................................................... **seize a chance, an opportunity, the initiative, etc.** A Malaysian tycoon seized the chance to bid for the company, and won. By having a contract already prepared, you may be able to seize the initiative in negotiations. She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her. ........................................................... **seize on/upon something** The rumours were eagerly seized upon by the local press. Peter seized on her last comment. He was quick to seize on this idea The story was seized on by the tabloid press, who printed it under huge headlines. "the government has eagerly seized on the evidence to deny any link between deprivation and crime" **(n) seizure**2,4 و همچنین تشنج

Question 584

**seize** **seize something from somebody** She tried to seize the gun from him. **seize somebody/something** He seized her by the arm. She seized hold of my hand. ............................................ **seize something (from somebody)** They seized the airport in a surprise attack. The army has seized control of the country. He seized power in a military coup. Troops yesterday seized control of the broadcasting station. ......................................... **seize sb** The men were seized as they left the building. Terrorists have seized five hostages. .............................................. "police have seized 726 lb of cocaine" A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid. We have the legal right to seize his property. The goods that were seized had been hidden in a shipment of paint. ...................................................... **seize a chance, an opportunity, the initiative, etc.** A Malaysian tycoon seized the chance to bid for the company, and won. By having a contract already prepared, you may be able to seize the initiative in negotiations. She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her. ........................................................... **seize on/upon something** The rumours were eagerly seized upon by the local press. Peter seized on her last comment. He was quick to seize on this idea The story was seized on by the tabloid press, who printed it under huge headlines. "the government has eagerly seized on the evidence to deny any link between deprivation and crime" **(n) seizure**2,4 و همچنین تشنج

Answer 584

(v) to take somebody/something in your hand suddenly and using force = grab (v) to take control of a place or situation, often suddenly and violently = capture (v) to arrest or capture somebody (v) (of the police or another authority) take possession of (something, specially illegal or stolen goods) by warrant or legal right = confiscate (v) to be quick to make use of a chance, an opportunity, etc. ........................................ (phrasal verb) to use, accept, or take advantage of something quickly or enthusiastically ## Footnote 1- گرفتن (با زور) 2- کنترل چیزی، موقعیتی یا جایی را به دست گرفتن 3-اسیر کردن ، دستگیر کردن 4- توقیف کردن ، مصادره کردن 5- غنیمت شمردن ...................... 6- - مورد توجه واقع شدن ( اگر بعد از آن by بیاید )- سود بردن یا استفاده کردن ( از یک اتفاق یا یک ایده )

Question 585

(v) to take a possession away from someone when you have the right to do so, usually as a punishment and often for a limited period, after which it is returned to the owner | مصادره کردن. توقیف کردن. ضبط کردن

Answer 585

**confiscate** Their land was confiscated after the war. The teacher threatened to confiscate their phones if they kept using them in class. Our belongings were temporarily confiscated. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : confiscate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : confiscation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : confiscated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 586

**confiscate** Their land was confiscated after the war. The teacher threatened to confiscate their phones if they kept using them in class. Our belongings were temporarily confiscated. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : confiscate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : confiscation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : confiscated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 586

(v) to take a possession away from someone when you have the right to do so, usually as a punishment and often for a limited period, after which it is returned to the owner | مصادره کردن. توقیف کردن. ضبط کردن

Question 587

(n) an official document approved by an authority, esp. a judge, which gives the police permission to do certain things (n) a document that gives you the right to receive money, services, etc. (n) an acceptable reason for doing something (usually in negative sentences) (v) ​to make something necessary or appropriate in a particular situation (**justify or necessitate (a course of action).**) ## Footnote ۱-حکم ۲-ضمانت نامه ۳-دلیل ۴- توجیه یا ضروری کردن (یک مسیر عمل یا یک موقعیت خاص).

Answer 587

**warrant** a search warrant an arrest warrant **warrant for something** They issued a warrant for her arrest. **warrant to do something** They had a warrant to search the house. .................................................... the issue of warrants for equity shares The company has the right to exercise warrants for the stock, up to a maximum of 5% of the total shares outstanding. ....................................................... There is no warrant for such criticism. There's no warrant for that sort of behaviour! ..................................................................... **warrant something** Further investigation is clearly warranted. The TV appearance was so brief that it hardly warranted comment. They do not consider the case serious enough to warrant a government enquiry. **warrant (somebody/something) doing something** The situation scarcely warrants their/them being dismissed. ............................................. **(adj) unwarranted** = ​not reasonable or necessary; not appropriate; not justified or or authorized. ۱. ناموجه. توجیه ناپذیر ۲. غیر ضروری. بی جهت. بی دلیل. بیجا ۳. ناحق. ناروا **(adj)unwarrantable** = unacceptable and wrong because there is no good or fair reason for it **(adv) unwarrantablly** ................................................. **(adj) warrantable** = If an action is warrantable, there is a good reason for it. :قابل ضمانت **(adv) warrantablly** ..................................... **(n) warranty** a written agreement in which a company selling something promises to repair or replace it if there is a problem within a particular period of time = guarantee

Question 588

**warrant** a search warrant an arrest warrant **warrant for something** They issued a warrant for her arrest. **warrant to do something** They had a warrant to search the house. .................................................... the issue of warrants for equity shares The company has the right to exercise warrants for the stock, up to a maximum of 5% of the total shares outstanding. ....................................................... There is no warrant for such criticism. There's no warrant for that sort of behaviour! ..................................................................... **warrant something** Further investigation is clearly warranted. The TV appearance was so brief that it hardly warranted comment. They do not consider the case serious enough to warrant a government enquiry. **warrant (somebody/something) doing something** The situation scarcely warrants their/them being dismissed. ............................................. **(adj) unwarranted** = ​not reasonable or necessary; not appropriate; not justified or or authorized. ۱. ناموجه. توجیه ناپذیر ۲. غیر ضروری. بی جهت. بی دلیل. بیجا ۳. ناحق. ناروا **(adj)unwarrantable** = unacceptable and wrong because there is no good or fair reason for it **(adv) unwarrantablly** ................................................. **(adj) warrantable** = If an action is warrantable, there is a good reason for it. :قابل ضمانت **(adv) warrantablly** ..................................... **(n) warranty** a written agreement in which a company selling something promises to repair or replace it if there is a problem within a particular period of time = guarantee

Answer 588

(n) an official document approved by an authority, esp. a judge, which gives the police permission to do certain things (n) a document that gives you the right to receive money, services, etc. (n) an acceptable reason for doing something (usually in negative sentences) (v) ​to make something necessary or appropriate in a particular situation (**justify or necessitate (a course of action).**) ## Footnote ۱-حکم ۲-ضمانت نامه ۳-دلیل ۴- توجیه یا ضروری کردن (یک مسیر عمل یا یک موقعیت خاص).

Question 589

(adj) happening by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good result | شانسی (به طور تصادفی و با نتایج خوب)

Answer 589

**fortuitous** a fortuitous meeting His success depended on a fortuitous combination of circumstances. The timing of the meeting is certainly fortuitous. The collapse of its rivals was a fortuitous opportunity for the company. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fortuitousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fortuitous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fortuitously

Question 590

**fortuitous** a fortuitous meeting His success depended on a fortuitous combination of circumstances. The timing of the meeting is certainly fortuitous. The collapse of its rivals was a fortuitous opportunity for the company. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fortuitousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fortuitous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fortuitously

Answer 590

(adj) happening by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good result | شانسی (به طور تصادفی و با نتایج خوب)

Question 591

(adj) connected with or belonging to a town, city or district that has its own local government | شهری. شهرداری

Answer 591

**municipal** municipal authorities municipal tennis courts municipal elections municipal offices municipal elections/councils municipal workers the Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery ........................................... **(n) municipality** **a town, city or district with its own local government; the group of officials who govern it** شهرداری * The municipality provides services such as electricity, water and rubbish collection.

Question 592

**municipal** municipal authorities municipal tennis courts municipal elections municipal offices municipal elections/councils municipal workers the Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery ........................................... **(n) municipality** **a town, city or district with its own local government; the group of officials who govern it** شهرداری * The municipality provides services such as electricity, water and rubbish collection.

Answer 592

(adj) connected with or belonging to a town, city or district that has its own local government | شهری. شهرداری

Question 593

(adj) (of a person or process) careful, thorough, and extremely attentive to every details. = meticulous (adj) careful to be honest and do what is right ## Footnote ۱- دقیق (به گونه این که به همه جزئیات توجه کرده یا شده) ۲- مراقب و محتاط (به گونه ای که شریف و صادق و درستکار باشه و کار اشتباه انجام نده)

Answer 593

**Scrupulous** "the research has been carried out with scrupulous attention to detail" You must be scrupulous about hygiene when you're preparing a baby's feed. scrupulous attention to detail Her report is scrupulous in its detail ...................................................... "she's too scrupulous to have an affair with a married man" A scrupulous politician would not lie about her business interests. She managed to get a copy of the report through a friend who wasn’t so scrupulous about sharing information **scrupulous (in something/in doing something)** He was scrupulous in all his business dealings. She has a reputation for scrupulous honesty. You are expected to be scrupulous in not favouring any individual candidate over another. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : scrupulousness صفت ( adjective ) : scrupulous قید ( adverb ) : scrupulously

Question 594

**Scrupulous** "the research has been carried out with scrupulous attention to detail" You must be scrupulous about hygiene when you're preparing a baby's feed. scrupulous attention to detail Her report is scrupulous in its detail ...................................................... "she's too scrupulous to have an affair with a married man" A scrupulous politician would not lie about her business interests. She managed to get a copy of the report through a friend who wasn’t so scrupulous about sharing information **scrupulous (in something/in doing something)** He was scrupulous in all his business dealings. She has a reputation for scrupulous honesty. You are expected to be scrupulous in not favouring any individual candidate over another. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : scrupulousness صفت ( adjective ) : scrupulous قید ( adverb ) : scrupulously

Answer 594

(adj) (of a person or process) careful, thorough, and extremely attentive to every details. = meticulous (adj) careful to be honest and do what is right ## Footnote ۱- دقیق (به گونه این که به همه جزئیات توجه کرده یا شده) ۲- مراقب و محتاط (به گونه ای که شریف و صادق و درستکار باشه و کار اشتباه انجام نده)

Question 595

(adj) (of the weather) very cold, with a thin layer of white ice covering everything (adj) cold and unfriendly in manner.

Answer 595

**frosty** The frosty air stung my cheeks. It was a cold and frosty morning. a frosty morning He breathed in the frosty air. It’s frosty outside. ............................................................... a frosty look/reply My questions were met with a frosty silence. The latest proposals were given a frosty reception. **(adv) frostily** ..................................................................................... **frost** **1- (n) the thin, white layer of ice that forms when the air temperature is below the freezing point of water, especially outside at night** * The car windows were covered with frost. * When I woke up this morning, the ground was covered with frost. **2- (n) a weather condition in which the temperature drops below 0° Celsius (= freezing point) so that a thin white layer of ice forms on the ground and other surfaces, especially at night** * It will be a clear night with some ground frost. * a sharp/hard/severe frost * There were ten degrees of frost (= the temperature dropped to -10° Celsius) last night. * frost damage **3- (v) to cover something or to become covered with a thin white layer of ice(frost)** * The mirror was frosted up. * The windows had frosted over. ...................................................................................... ✅️ bleak – very cold and grey ✅️ biting – so cold that it makes you feel uncomfortable ✅️ brisk – fairly cold and a fairly strong wind is blowing ✅️ crisp – cold and dry ✅️ fresh – fairly cold and the wind is blowing ✅️ frosty – cold enough to produce frost ✅️ hard – a very cold winter ✅️ harsh – extremely cold and unpleasant ✅ icy – very cold, like ice ✅ raw – cold and unpleasant ✅ snowy – covered with snow

Question 596

**frosty** The frosty air stung my cheeks. It was a cold and frosty morning. a frosty morning He breathed in the frosty air. It’s frosty outside. ............................................................... a frosty look/reply My questions were met with a frosty silence. The latest proposals were given a frosty reception. **(adv) frostily** ..................................................................................... **frost** **1- (n) the thin, white layer of ice that forms when the air temperature is below the freezing point of water, especially outside at night** * The car windows were covered with frost. * When I woke up this morning, the ground was covered with frost. **2- (n) a weather condition in which the temperature drops below 0° Celsius (= freezing point) so that a thin white layer of ice forms on the ground and other surfaces, especially at night** * It will be a clear night with some ground frost. * a sharp/hard/severe frost * There were ten degrees of frost (= the temperature dropped to -10° Celsius) last night. * frost damage **3- (v) to cover something or to become covered with a thin white layer of ice(frost)** * The mirror was frosted up. * The windows had frosted over. ...................................................................................... ✅️ bleak – very cold and grey ✅️ biting – so cold that it makes you feel uncomfortable ✅️ brisk – fairly cold and a fairly strong wind is blowing ✅️ crisp – cold and dry ✅️ fresh – fairly cold and the wind is blowing ✅️ frosty – cold enough to produce frost ✅️ hard – a very cold winter ✅️ harsh – extremely cold and unpleasant ✅ icy – very cold, like ice ✅ raw – cold and unpleasant ✅ snowy – covered with snow

Answer 596

(adj) (of the weather) very cold, with a thin layer of white ice covering everything (adj) cold and unfriendly in manner.

Question 597

(adj)(of weather conditions or the conditions in a room) very cold in temperature. (adj) unfriendly or very formal in behaviour or style. | بسیار سرد - بی احساس و خشک یا رسمی

Answer 597

**frigid** frigid air They travelled over frigid lands. Few plants can grow in such a frigid environment. ...................................................... She turned her frigid gaze on him. a frigid voice There was a frigid atmosphere in the room. **(n) frigidity**

Question 598

**frigid** frigid air They travelled over frigid lands. Few plants can grow in such a frigid environment. ...................................................... She turned her frigid gaze on him. a frigid voice There was a frigid atmosphere in the room. **(n) frigidity**

Answer 598

(adj)(of weather conditions or the conditions in a room) very cold in temperature. (adj) unfriendly or very formal in behaviour or style. | بسیار سرد - بی احساس و خشک یا رسمی

Question 599

1. (adj) not interesting or exciting = dreary 1. (adj) not clear, bright, or shiny 1. (adj) (of weather, sky) cloudy, with the sun not shining = overcast 1. (adj)(of sound) not clear or loud 1. (adj) (of pain) not very severe, but continuous 1. (adj) (of person) slow in understanding = stupid 1. (adj) (of blades like knife) not sharp 1. (adj) (of trade) not busy; slow 1. (v) to make something less sharp or clear ## Footnote 1- کسل کننده 2- مات، کدر 3- گرفته ( آسمون و آب و هوا) 4-(از صدا) واضح یا بلند نیست 5- مداوم امّا خفیف 6- کند ذهن 7- کند 8- کساد 9- کند ، خفیف یا کدر کردن

Answer 599

**dull** Life in a small town could be deadly dull. The countryside was flat, dull and uninteresting. The first half of the game was pretty dull. There's never a dull moment when John's around. ................................. Life in a small town could be deadly dull. The countryside was flat, dull and uninteresting. The first half of the game was pretty dull. There's never a dull moment when John's around. ......................................................... The first day of our holiday was dull. It was a dull, cloudy day. The beach didn't look so pretty under dull skies. ......................................................... The gates shut behind him with a dull thud. .................................................... a dull ache/pain .............................................. a dull pupil the voice of a teacher talking to a rather dull child ................................................. .......................................... The blade was too dull to cut through the meat. ......................................... Don't sell into a dull market. "shares closed weaker after a day of dull trading ........................................ time dulls the memor Lack of sleep will dull your reflexes. The tablets they gave him dulled the pain for a while. The heat dulled my enjoyment of the journey.

Question 600

**dull** Life in a small town could be deadly dull. The countryside was flat, dull and uninteresting. The first half of the game was pretty dull. There's never a dull moment when John's around. ................................. Life in a small town could be deadly dull. The countryside was flat, dull and uninteresting. The first half of the game was pretty dull. There's never a dull moment when John's around. ......................................................... The first day of our holiday was dull. It was a dull, cloudy day. The beach didn't look so pretty under dull skies. ......................................................... The gates shut behind him with a dull thud. .................................................... a dull ache/pain .............................................. a dull pupil the voice of a teacher talking to a rather dull child ................................................. .......................................... The blade was too dull to cut through the meat. ......................................... Don't sell into a dull market. "shares closed weaker after a day of dull trading ........................................ time dulls the memor Lack of sleep will dull your reflexes. The tablets they gave him dulled the pain for a while. The heat dulled my enjoyment of the journey.

Answer 600

1. (adj) not interesting or exciting = dreary 1. (adj) not clear, bright, or shiny 1. (adj) (of weather, sky) cloudy, with the sun not shining = overcast 1. (adj)(of sound) not clear or loud 1. (adj) (of pain) not very severe, but continuous 1. (adj) (of person) slow in understanding = stupid 1. (adj) (of blades like knife) not sharp 1. (adj) (of trade) not busy; slow 1. (v) to make something less sharp or clear ## Footnote 1- کسل کننده 2- مات، کدر 3- گرفته ( آسمون و آب و هوا) 4-(از صدا) واضح یا بلند نیست 5- مداوم امّا خفیف 6- کند ذهن 7- کند 8- کساد 9- کند ، خفیف یا کدر کردن

Question 601

(adj) boring and making you feel unhappy = dull | کسل کننده

Answer 601

**dreary** a dreary winter’s day a dreary film a long and dreary journey on the train a dreary little town She had spent another dreary day in the office. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dreariness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dreary ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : drearily

Question 602

**dreary** a dreary winter’s day a dreary film a long and dreary journey on the train a dreary little town She had spent another dreary day in the office. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dreariness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dreary ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : drearily

Answer 602

(adj) boring and making you feel unhappy = dull | کسل کننده

Question 603

(adj) very ordinary and containing nothing that is interesting or important | معمولی و پیش پا افتاده

Answer 603

**banal** a banal conversation about the weather He knew how banal the question was as soon as he had asked it. She murmured some banal phrases of encouragement. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : banality ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : banal ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : banally

Question 604

**banal** a banal conversation about the weather He knew how banal the question was as soon as he had asked it. She murmured some banal phrases of encouragement. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : banality ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : banal ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : banally

Answer 604

(adj) very ordinary and containing nothing that is interesting or important | معمولی و پیش پا افتاده

Question 605

(adj) without a sharp edge or point = dull (adj) (of a person or remark) very direct; saying exactly what you think without trying to be polite = frank (v) to make something weaker or less effective ## Footnote 1-(لبه ی چاقو و تیغ و غیره) کند 2- رک 3- کم رنگ کردن (چیزی را تضعیف یا کم اثر کردن)

Answer 605

**blunt** a blunt knife This pencil's blunt! The police said he had been hit with a blunt instrument. ...................................................... She has a reputation for blunt speaking. To be blunt, your work is appalling ...................................................... Age hadn't blunted his passion for adventure. Living alone in the country had blunted her wits.

Question 606

**blunt** a blunt knife This pencil's blunt! The police said he had been hit with a blunt instrument. ...................................................... She has a reputation for blunt speaking. To be blunt, your work is appalling ...................................................... Age hadn't blunted his passion for adventure. Living alone in the country had blunted her wits.

Answer 606

(adj) without a sharp edge or point = dull (adj) (of a person or remark) very direct; saying exactly what you think without trying to be polite = frank (v) to make something weaker or less effective ## Footnote 1-(لبه ی چاقو و تیغ و غیره) کند 2- رک 3- کم رنگ کردن (چیزی را تضعیف یا کم اثر کردن)

Question 607

(adj) trying to control other people in an unpleasant way = domineering | مستبد . سلطه جو. سلطه گر

Answer 607

**overbearing** an overbearing parent an overbearing manner She found him rude and overbearing. I wasn’t the least impressed or intimidated by her overbearing attitude.

Question 608

**overbearing** an overbearing parent an overbearing manner She found him rude and overbearing. I wasn’t the least impressed or intimidated by her overbearing attitude.

Answer 608

(adj) trying to control other people in an unpleasant way = domineering | مستبد . سلطه جو. سلطه گر

Question 609

(adj) trying to control other people without considering their opinions or feelings | سلطه گر

Answer 609

**domineering** He was brought up by a cold and domineering father. a domineering manner

Question 610

**domineering** He was brought up by a cold and domineering father. a domineering manner

Answer 610

(adj) trying to control other people without considering their opinions or feelings | سلطه گر

Question 611

(v) to persuade someone not to do something = deter =ANT= persuade | کسی رو از کاری منصرف یا دلسرد کردن

Answer 611

**dissuade** **dissuade somebody (from something/from doing something)** I tried to dissuade him from giving up his job. They were going to set off in the fog, but were dissuaded. She made no attempt to dissuade him. **(adj) dissuasive**

Question 612

**dissuade** **dissuade somebody (from something/from doing something)** I tried to dissuade him from giving up his job. They were going to set off in the fog, but were dissuaded. She made no attempt to dissuade him. **(adj) dissuasive**

Answer 612

(v) to persuade someone not to do something = deter =ANT= persuade | کسی رو از کاری منصرف یا دلسرد کردن

Question 613

(v) to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it | (با ایجاد ترس یا تردید و غیره) بازداری کردن و بازداشتن

Answer 613

**deter** * These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack. * I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. * **deter someone from doing something** * High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses. * The high price of the service could deter people from seeking advice. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : deter ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deterrence / deterrent ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deterrent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 614

**deter** * These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack. * I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. * **deter someone from doing something** * High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses. * The high price of the service could deter people from seeking advice. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : deter ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deterrence / deterrent ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deterrent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 614

(v) to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it | (با ایجاد ترس یا تردید و غیره) بازداری کردن و بازداشتن

Question 615

کم کردن، تفریق کردن ، کسر کردن 3تا

Answer 615

**deduct** [often passive] کم کردن، کسر کردن **to take away money, points, etc. from a total amount** * Employers **deduct the tax** from employee salaries. * **be deducted** * Ten points will be deducted for a wrong answer. * Tax is deducted at source. * **be deducted from something** * The cost of your uniform will be deducted from your wages. * This amount will be automatically deducted from your salary. **(n) deduction** استنباط - کسر **(adj) deductible** ...................................... **subtract** کم کردن، تفریق کردن ، کسر کردن **to take a number or an amount away from another number or amount** * 6 subtracted from 9 is 3. * If you subtract 6 from 9, you get 3 **(adj)subtracted (adj)subtracting (n) subtraction** ....................................................... **take (away)** **to reduce one number by the value of another** * **take A (away) (from B)** * Take 5 from 12 and you're left with 7. * **B take away A (informal)** * 80 take away 5 is 75.

Question 616

**deduct** [often passive] کم کردن، کسر کردن **to take away money, points, etc. from a total amount** * Employers **deduct the tax** from employee salaries. * **be deducted** * Ten points will be deducted for a wrong answer. * Tax is deducted at source. * **be deducted from something** * The cost of your uniform will be deducted from your wages. * This amount will be automatically deducted from your salary. **(n) deduction** استنباط - کسر **(adj) deductible** ...................................... **subtract** کم کردن، تفریق کردن ، کسر کردن **to take a number or an amount away from another number or amount** * 6 subtracted from 9 is 3. * If you subtract 6 from 9, you get 3 **(adj)subtracted (adj)subtracting (n) subtraction** ....................................................... **take (away)** **to reduce one number by the value of another** * **take A (away) (from B)** * Take 5 from 12 and you're left with 7. * **B take away A (informal)** * 80 take away 5 is 75.

Answer 616

کم کردن، تفریق کردن ، کسر کردن 3تا

Question 617

(v) to hate somebody/something very much = loathe | تنفر داشتن از

Answer 617

**detest** **detest somebody/something** They detested each other on sight. They absolutely detest each other. I loathe and detest racism in any form. **detest doing something** He detests having his photograph taken. فعل ( verb ) : detest اسم ( noun ) : detestation صفت ( adjective ) : detestable نفرت انگیز قید ( adverb ) : detestably

Question 618

**detest** **detest somebody/something** They detested each other on sight. They absolutely detest each other. I loathe and detest racism in any form. **detest doing something** He detests having his photograph taken. فعل ( verb ) : detest اسم ( noun ) : detestation صفت ( adjective ) : detestable نفرت انگیز قید ( adverb ) : detestably

Answer 618

(v) to hate somebody/something very much = loathe | تنفر داشتن از

Question 619

(v) to feel strong hate, dislike, or disgust for someone or something: | بیزار بودن ( تنفر یا انزجار داشتن)

Answer 619

**loathe** **loathe somebody/something | loathe doing something** From an early age the brothers have loathed each other. "Do you like fish?" "No, I loathe it." [ + -ing verb ] I loathe doing housework. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : loathe ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : loath / loathing بیزاری و نفرت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : loathsome نفرت انگیز - منزجر کننده = repulsive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ .............................................................. **loath** **not willing to do something = reluctant; unwilling** **loath to do something** * He was loath to admit his mistake. * They were obviously loath to let her leave.

Question 620

**loathe** **loathe somebody/something | loathe doing something** From an early age the brothers have loathed each other. "Do you like fish?" "No, I loathe it." [ + -ing verb ] I loathe doing housework. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : loathe ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : loath / loathing بیزاری و نفرت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : loathsome نفرت انگیز - منزجر کننده = repulsive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ .............................................................. **loath** **not willing to do something = reluctant; unwilling** **loath to do something** * He was loath to admit his mistake. * They were obviously loath to let her leave.

Answer 620

(v) to feel strong hate, dislike, or disgust for someone or something: | بیزار بودن ( تنفر یا انزجار داشتن)

Question 621

(v) to encourage somebody to do something violent, illegal or unpleasant, especially by making them angry or excited | تحریک کردن کسی به انجام کار بد یا خلاف

Answer 621

**incite** **incite something to incite crime/racial hatred/violence** **incite somebody (to something)** They were accused of inciting the crowd to violence. She incited racial hatred by distributing anti-Semitic leaflets. [ + to infinitive ] She was expelled for inciting her classmates to rebel against their teachers. **incite somebody to do something** He incited the workforce to come out on strike. They denied inciting the crowd to violence. **(n) incitement**

Question 622

**incite** **incite something to incite crime/racial hatred/violence** **incite somebody (to something)** They were accused of inciting the crowd to violence. She incited racial hatred by distributing anti-Semitic leaflets. [ + to infinitive ] She was expelled for inciting her classmates to rebel against their teachers. **incite somebody to do something** He incited the workforce to come out on strike. They denied inciting the crowd to violence. **(n) incitement**

Answer 622

(v) to encourage somebody to do something violent, illegal or unpleasant, especially by making them angry or excited | تحریک کردن کسی به انجام کار بد یا خلاف

Question 623

(v) to move a liquid or substance around, using a spoon or something similar, in order to mix it completely (v) to move, or to make something move, slightly (v) to make somebody excited or make them feel something strongly ....................................................... (phrasal verb) to cause an unpleasant emotion or problem to begin or grow ## Footnote 1- همزدن با قاشق و ملاقه و. . . . 2- تکان خوردن 3-هیجان زده کردن کسی یا باعث ایجاد احساس قوی در آنها شدن ........................................................ 4- شروع کردن یا رشد یک احساس یا مشکل ناخوشایند

Answer 623

**stir** **stir something** She stirred her tea. Stir the paint before you use it. **stir something into something** The vegetables are stirred into the rice while it is hot. **stir something in** Stir in the milk until the sauce thickens. **whisk** = هم زدن و مخلوط کردن با همزن ............................................................ She heard the baby stir in the next room. **stir something/somebody** A slight breeze was stirring the branches. A noise stirred me from sleep. .............................................................................................. It's a book that really stirs the imagination. ** stir somebody** She was stirred by his sad story. **stir somebody to something** The preachers were stirred to new zeal. **stir the blood** The atmosphere in a theatre never failed to stir her blood. ......................................................................... **stir up** **1- ​to make people feel strong emotions** * to stir up hatred * Going back there stirred up a lot of memories for her. **2- to try to cause arguments or problems** * to stir up a debate * Whenever he's around, he always manages to stir up trouble. * We've got enough problems without you trying to stir things up.

Question 624

**stir** **stir something** She stirred her tea. Stir the paint before you use it. **stir something into something** The vegetables are stirred into the rice while it is hot. **stir something in** Stir in the milk until the sauce thickens. **whisk** = هم زدن و مخلوط کردن با همزن ............................................................ She heard the baby stir in the next room. **stir something/somebody** A slight breeze was stirring the branches. A noise stirred me from sleep. .............................................................................................. It's a book that really stirs the imagination. **stir somebody** She was stirred by his sad story. **stir somebody to something** The preachers were stirred to new zeal. **stir the blood** The atmosphere in a theatre never failed to stir her blood. ......................................................................... **stir up** **1- ​to make people feel strong emotions** * to stir up hatred * Going back there stirred up a lot of memories for her. **2- to try to cause arguments or problems** * to stir up a debate * Whenever he's around, he always manages to stir up trouble. * We've got enough problems without you trying to stir things up.

Answer 624

(v) to move a liquid or substance around, using a spoon or something similar, in order to mix it completely (v) to move, or to make something move, slightly (v) to make somebody excited or make them feel something strongly ....................................................... (phrasal verb) to cause an unpleasant emotion or problem to begin or grow ## Footnote 1- همزدن با قاشق و ملاقه و. . . . 2- تکان خوردن 3-هیجان زده کردن کسی یا باعث ایجاد احساس قوی در آنها شدن ........................................................ 4- شروع کردن یا رشد یک احساس یا مشکل ناخوشایند

Question 625

(phrasal verb)​to make people feel strong emotions (phrasal verb) to try to cause arguments or problems | ایجاد کردن احساسات قوی در مردم - ایجاد کردن مشاجره یا مشکل

Answer 625

**stir up** * to stir up hatred * Going back there stirred up a lot of memories for her. .............................................. * to stir up a debate * Whenever he's around, he always manages to stir up trouble. * We've got enough problems without you trying to stir things up.

Question 626

**stir up** * to stir up hatred * Going back there stirred up a lot of memories for her. .............................................. * to stir up a debate * Whenever he's around, he always manages to stir up trouble. * We've got enough problems without you trying to stir things up.

Answer 626

(phrasal verb)​to make people feel strong emotions (phrasal verb) to try to cause arguments or problems | ایجاد کردن احساسات قوی در مردم - ایجاد کردن مشاجره یا مشکل

Question 627

(v) ​to make somebody extremely angry = enrage | به شدت عصبانی و خشمگین کردن

Answer 627

**infuriate** = enrage **infuriate somebody** Her silence infuriated him even more. Are you doing this on purpose just to infuriate me? **it infuriates somebody that…/to do something** It infuriates me that she was not found guilty. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : infuriate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : infuriation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : infuriating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : infuriatingly

Question 628

**infuriate** = enrage **infuriate somebody** Her silence infuriated him even more. Are you doing this on purpose just to infuriate me? **it infuriates somebody that…/to do something** It infuriates me that she was not found guilty. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : infuriate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : infuriation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : infuriating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : infuriatingly

Answer 628

(v) ​to make somebody extremely angry = enrage | به شدت عصبانی و خشمگین کردن

Question 629

(v) to make somebody very angry = infuriate | کسی را خیلی عصبانی کردن

Answer 629

**enrage** **be enraged at something** She was enraged at his stupidity. **enrage somebody** The newspaper article enraged him.

Question 630

**enrage** **be enraged at something** She was enraged at his stupidity. **enrage somebody** The newspaper article enraged him.

Answer 630

(v) to make somebody very angry = infuriate | کسی را خیلی عصبانی کردن

Question 631

(adj) intended to cheat somebody, usually in order to make money illegally | جعلی و تقلبی

Answer 631

**fraudulent** They claim that the fall in unemployment is based on a fraudulent manipulation of statistics. fraudulent advertising /claim/conduct/document fraudulent insurance claims ✅ فعل ( verb ) : defraud ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fruad = the crime of cheating somebody in order to get money or goods illegally/ fraudulence / fraudster ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fraudulent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fraudulently Fraud is also the name of their crime or deception. Fraudulence is a noun meaning the act of committing the deception.

Question 632

**fraudulent** They claim that the fall in unemployment is based on a fraudulent manipulation of statistics. fraudulent advertising /claim/conduct/document fraudulent insurance claims ✅ فعل ( verb ) : defraud ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fruad = the crime of cheating somebody in order to get money or goods illegally/ fraudulence / fraudster ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fraudulent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fraudulently Fraud is also the name of their crime or deception. Fraudulence is a noun meaning the act of committing the deception.

Answer 632

(adj) intended to cheat somebody, usually in order to make money illegally | جعلی و تقلبی

Question 633

(adj) (of money and goods for sale) made to look exactly like something in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing = fake = ANT = genuine,real, original (v) to make an exact copy of something in order to trick people into thinking that it is the real thing = forge (n) an object that is not what somebody claims it is, but has been made to look as if it is, in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing ## Footnote 1-جعلی و فیک - سرقت ادبی یا علمی شده 2-جعل کردن (ساختن چیزی شبیه به اصل چیز دیگری) 3- چیز تقلبی

Answer 633

**counterfeit** counterfeit watches Are you aware these notes are counterfeit? ....................................................................... Two women and a man have been convicted of counterfeiting $100 bills. We have made it significantly more difficult for them to counterfeit this document. .................................................. This watch may be a counterfeit, but it looks just like the original. Inspect the tickets carefully for possible counterfeits.

Question 634

**counterfeit** counterfeit watches Are you aware these notes are counterfeit? ....................................................................... Two women and a man have been convicted of counterfeiting $100 bills. We have made it significantly more difficult for them to counterfeit this document. .................................................. This watch may be a counterfeit, but it looks just like the original. Inspect the tickets carefully for possible counterfeits.

Answer 634

(adj) (of money and goods for sale) made to look exactly like something in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing = fake = ANT = genuine,real, original (v) to make an exact copy of something in order to trick people into thinking that it is the real thing = forge (n) an object that is not what somebody claims it is, but has been made to look as if it is, in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing ## Footnote 1-جعلی و فیک - سرقت ادبی یا علمی شده 2-جعل کردن (ساختن چیزی شبیه به اصل چیز دیگری) 3- چیز تقلبی

Question 635

(v) to make an illegal copy of something in order to cheat people = counterfeit (v) to put a lot of effort into making something successful or strong so that it will last (v) to shape metal by heating it in a fire and hitting it with a hammer; to make an object in this way ## Footnote 1- جعل کردن 2- به سختی چیزی را ایجاد کردن/ به سختی رابطه ای را بوجود آوردن 3- (با حرارت و چکش کاری یا فشار) به فلز شکل دادن

Answer 635

**forge** to forge a passport/banknote/document He's getting good at forging his mother's signature. New digital techniques can spot paintings that have been forged. .............................................................................................. a move to forge new links between management and workers Strategic alliances are being forged with major European companies. She forged a new career in the music business. They forged a lead in the first 30 minutes of the game. ...................... swords forged from steel ✅ فعل ( verb ) : forge ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : forge کوره اهنگری/ forgery ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 636

**forge** to forge a passport/banknote/document He's getting good at forging his mother's signature. New digital techniques can spot paintings that have been forged. .............................................................................................. a move to forge new links between management and workers Strategic alliances are being forged with major European companies. She forged a new career in the music business. They forged a lead in the first 30 minutes of the game. ...................... swords forged from steel ✅ فعل ( verb ) : forge ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : forge کوره اهنگری/ forgery ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 636

(v) to make an illegal copy of something in order to cheat people = counterfeit (v) to put a lot of effort into making something successful or strong so that it will last (v) to shape metal by heating it in a fire and hitting it with a hammer; to make an object in this way ## Footnote 1- جعل کردن 2- به سختی چیزی را ایجاد کردن/ به سختی رابطه ای را بوجود آوردن 3- (با حرارت و چکش کاری یا فشار) به فلز شکل دادن

Question 637

(adj) very important and needing immediate attention or action = vital | حیاتی (بسیار مهم به گونه ای که نیاز به توجه یا اقدام فوری دارد)

Answer 637

**imperative** **imperative (that…)** It is absolutely imperative that we finish by next week. The president said it was imperative that the release of all hostages be secured. **imperative (to do something)** It is imperative to continue the treatment for at least two months. It's imperative to act now before the problem gets really serious. **(adv) imperatively** ## Footnote = vital, necessary, crucial, indispensible , of paramount importance, essential

Question 638

**imperative** **imperative (that…)** It is absolutely imperative that we finish by next week. The president said it was imperative that the release of all hostages be secured. **imperative (to do something)** It is imperative to continue the treatment for at least two months. It's imperative to act now before the problem gets really serious. **(adv) imperatively** ## Footnote = vital, necessary, crucial, indispensible , of paramount importance, essential

Answer 638

(adj) very important and needing immediate attention or action = vital | حیاتی (بسیار مهم به گونه ای که نیاز به توجه یا اقدام فوری دارد)

Question 639

(adj) acting or done with no skill | بی عرضه ، ناتوان ، بی مهارت

Answer 639

**inept** She was left feeling inept and inadequate. He's intelligent but socially inept (= not good at relating to people socially). an inept remark It would be politically inept to cut these training programmes now. He made some particularly inept remarks. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ineptitude ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inept ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ineptly

Question 640

**inept** She was left feeling inept and inadequate. He's intelligent but socially inept (= not good at relating to people socially). an inept remark It would be politically inept to cut these training programmes now. He made some particularly inept remarks. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ineptitude ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inept ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ineptly

Answer 640

(adj) acting or done with no skill | بی عرضه ، ناتوان ، بی مهارت

Question 641

(v) to rise very quickly to a high level = rocket = skyrocket (v) to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air | به سرعت اوج گرقتن و بالا رفتن

Answer 641

**soar** soaring costs/prices/temperatures Air pollution will soon soar above safety levels. Unemployment has soared to 18 per cent. ......................................................... **soar (up) (into something)** The rocket soared (up) into the air. The highest peak in the range soars 15,771 feet into the sky.

Question 642

**soar** soaring costs/prices/temperatures Air pollution will soon soar above safety levels. Unemployment has soared to 18 per cent. ......................................................... **soar (up) (into something)** The rocket soared (up) into the air. The highest peak in the range soars 15,771 feet into the sky.

Answer 642

(v) to rise very quickly to a high level = rocket = skyrocket (v) to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air | به سرعت اوج گرقتن و بالا رفتن

Question 643

(v) to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something (v) (of prices, temperatures, etc.) to decrease suddenly and quickly = plummet ## Footnote 1- سقوط کردن یا شیرجه زدن یا فرو کزدن چیزی در چیزی 2- سقوط کردن، ناگهان کم شدن

Answer 643

**plunge** We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea. The car went out of control and plunged over the cliff. Cook the peas by plunging them into boiling water. Niagara Falls plunges 55.5 metres. ................................................ Stock markets plunged at the news of the coup. This year profits plunged by 40 per cent. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : plunge ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : plunge فرورفتگی،سقوط،شیرجه / plunger ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : plunging ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 644

(v) to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something (v) (of prices, temperatures, etc.) to decrease suddenly and quickly = plummet ## Footnote 1- سقوط کردن یا شیرجه زدن یا فرو کزدن چیزی در چیزی 2- سقوط کردن، ناگهان کم شدن

Answer 644

**plunge** We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea. The car went out of control and plunged over the cliff. Cook the peas by plunging them into boiling water. Niagara Falls plunges 55.5 metres. ................................................ Stock markets plunged at the news of the coup. This year profits plunged by 40 per cent. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : plunge ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : plunge فرورفتگی،سقوط،شیرجه / plunger ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : plunging ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 645

(v) to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position | سقوط کردن (پایین آمدن ناگهانی و سریع از یک سطح یا موقعیت بالا)

Answer 645

**plummet** Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. Her spirits plummeted at the thought of meeting him again. The jet plummeted into a row of houses.

Question 646

**plummet** Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. Her spirits plummeted at the thought of meeting him again. The jet plummeted into a row of houses.

Answer 646

(v) to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position | سقوط کردن (پایین آمدن ناگهانی و سریع از یک سطح یا موقعیت بالا)

Question 647

(adj) without any energy or enthusiasm for doing things | بی حال

Answer 647

**lethargic** The weather made her lethargic. I was feeling tired and lethargic. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : lethargy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : lethargic بی حال ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : lethargically | =sluggish

Question 648

**lethargic** The weather made her lethargic. I was feeling tired and lethargic. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : lethargy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : lethargic بی حال ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : lethargically

Answer 648

(adj) without any energy or enthusiasm for doing things | بی حال

Question 649

(v) to persuade or trick somebody to go somewhere or to do something by promising them a reward (n) the attractive qualities of something ## Footnote متقاعد کردن یا فریب دادن کسی برای رفتن به جایی یا انجام کاری با وعده پاداش-1 2- جذابیت

Answer 649

**lure** The child was lured into a car but managed to escape. Young people are lured to the city by the prospect of a job and money. Supermarket chains try to lure customers with price discounts. .............................................. **the lure of something** Few can resist the lure of adventure. She can’t resist the lure of the bright lights.

Question 650

​**lure** The child was lured into a car but managed to escape. Young people are lured to the city by the prospect of a job and money. Supermarket chains try to lure customers with price discounts. .............................................. **the lure of something** Few can resist the lure of adventure. She can’t resist the lure of the bright lights.

Answer 650

(v) to persuade or trick somebody to go somewhere or to do something by promising them a reward (n) the attractive qualities of something ## Footnote متقاعد کردن یا فریب دادن کسی برای رفتن به جایی یا انجام کاری با وعده پاداش-1 2- جذابیت

Question 651

(v) to tear or twist something so that it is badly damaged | متلاشی کردن ، داغون کردن

Answer 651

**mangle** His hand was mangled in the machine. My sweater got mangled in the washing machine. **(adj) mangled / mangling**

Question 652

**mangle** His hand was mangled in the machine. My sweater got mangled in the washing machine. **(adj) mangled / mangling**

Answer 652

(v) to tear or twist something so that it is badly damaged | متلاشی کردن ، داغون کردن

Question 653

**mishandle** The entire campaign had been badly mishandled. The police were accused of mishandling the investigation. ............................... The equipment could be dangerous if mishandled. **(adj)mishandled** **(n)mishandling** ## Footnote 1- بد اجرا یا مدیریت کردن 2- غلط به کار بردن، درست استفاده نکردن ، درست رفتار نکردن با

Answer 653

​(v) to deal badly with a problem or situation = mismanage (v) to touch or treat somebody/something in a rough and careless way= misuse, mistreat, abuse

Question 654

(v) to deal badly with a problem or situation = mismanage (v) to touch or treat somebody/something in a rough and careless way= misuse, mistreat, abuse

Answer 654

**mishandle** The entire campaign had been badly mishandled. The police were accused of mishandling the investigation. ............................... The equipment could be dangerous if mishandled. **(adj)mishandled** **(n)mishandling** ## Footnote 1- بد اجرا یا مدیریت کردن 2- غلط به کار بردن، درست استفاده نکردن ، درست رفتار نکردن با

Question 655

(adj) intended to harm or upset other people = spiteful | مغرضانه، خصمانه، شرورانه، بدخواهانه

Answer 655

**malicious** malicious gossip/lies/rumours He took malicious pleasure in telling me what she had said. These are nasty pieces of malicious code such as viruses, Trojan horses and worms. malicious software/applications ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : malice = a desire to harm somebody ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : malicious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : maliciously

Question 656

**malicious** malicious gossip/lies/rumours He took malicious pleasure in telling me what she had said. These are nasty pieces of malicious code such as viruses, Trojan horses and worms. malicious software/applications ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : malice = a desire to harm somebody ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : malicious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : maliciously

Answer 656

(adj) intended to harm or upset other people = spiteful | مغرضانه، خصمانه، شرورانه، بدخواهانه

Question 657

(adj) ​behaving in an unkind way in order to hurt or upset somebody = malicious | کینه توز

Answer 657

**spiteful** a spiteful child He made some very spiteful remarks to me. She was spiteful and unkind to them. Why had she made such a spiteful comment? ✅ فعل ( verb ) : spite = to deliberately annoy or upset somebody ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : spite = a feeling of wanting to hurt or upset somebody / spitefulness = ​unkind words or behaviour that are intended to hurt or upset somebody ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : spiteful ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : spitefully

Question 658

**spiteful** a spiteful child He made some very spiteful remarks to me. She was spiteful and unkind to them. Why had she made such a spiteful comment? ✅ فعل ( verb ) : spite = to deliberately annoy or upset somebody ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : spite = a feeling of wanting to hurt or upset somebody / spitefulness = ​unkind words or behaviour that are intended to hurt or upset somebody ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : spiteful ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : spitefully

Answer 658

(adj) ​behaving in an unkind way in order to hurt or upset somebody = malicious | کینه توز

Question 659

(v) to go further, rise above, or be more important or better than something, especially a limit = exceed | فراتر بودن یا رفتن از

Answer 659

**transcend** His works by far transcend anything that has gone before. What we felt for each other transcended all other emotions. The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers. The underlying message of the film is that love transcends everything else. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : transcend ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : transcendence ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : transcendent / transcendental ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 660

**transcend** His works by far transcend anything that has gone before. What we felt for each other transcended all other emotions. The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers. The underlying message of the film is that love transcends everything else. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : transcend ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : transcendence ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : transcendent / transcendental ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 660

(v) to go further, rise above, or be more important or better than something, especially a limit = exceed | فراتر بودن یا رفتن از

Question 661

(adj) ​a person who makes a lot of noise or is likely to cause trouble | فردی که سر و صدای زیادی ایجاد می کند یا ممکن است مشکل ایجاد کند

Answer 661

**rowdy** rowdies and troublemakers a rowdy party rowdy behaviour **(adj) rowdily** **(n) rowdiness**

Question 662

**rowdy** rowdies and troublemakers a rowdy party rowdy behaviour **(adj) rowdily** **(n) rowdiness**

Answer 662

(adj) ​a person who makes a lot of noise or is likely to cause trouble | فردی که سر و صدای زیادی ایجاد می کند یا ممکن است مشکل ایجاد کند

Question 663

(v) to ignore particular numbers or facts in a situation in order to understand what is really important (v) to remove the working parts of (a machine), or removing (a chemical or component) from a mixture ## Footnote 1- لحاظ نکردن (در نظر نگرفتن مسائل جانبی درجهت فهم مسئله مهم اصلی) 2- حذف کردن، کنار گذاشتن

Answer 663

**strip out** After stripping out property sales, the firm's operating profits rose ten percent. .............................. It takes discipline to retain what matters and strip out the superfluous.

Question 664

**strip out** After stripping out property sales, the firm's operating profits rose ten percent. .............................. It takes discipline to retain what matters and strip out the superfluous.

Answer 664

(v) to ignore particular numbers or facts in a situation in order to understand what is really important (v) to remove the working parts of (a machine), or removing (a chemical or component) from a mixture ## Footnote 1- لحاظ نکردن (در نظر نگرفتن مسائل جانبی درجهت فهم مسئله مهم اصلی) 2- حذف کردن، کنار گذاشتن

Question 665

(v)​to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen =hamper | مانع شدن ، مانع تراشی کردن، ممانعت کردن، به تاخیر انداختن

Answer 665

**hinder** **hinder somebody/something** a political situation that hinders economic growth Some teachers felt hindered by a lack of resources. **hinder somebody/something from something/from doing somethin** An injury was hindering him from playing his best. **(n) hindrance**

Question 666

**hinder** **hinder somebody/something** a political situation that hinders economic growth Some teachers felt hindered by a lack of resources. **hinder somebody/something from something/from doing somethin** An injury was hindering him from playing his best. **(n) hindrance**

Answer 666

(v)​to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen =hamper | مانع شدن ، مانع تراشی کردن، ممانعت کردن، به تاخیر انداختن

Question 667

(v) to prevent somebody from easily doing or achieving something = hinder | کاری را با مشکل مواجه کردن ، مانع شدن، مانع تراشی کردن

Answer 667

**hamper** High winds hampered the rescue attempt. Our efforts were severely hampered by a lack of money.

Question 668

**hamper** High winds hampered the rescue attempt. Our efforts were severely hampered by a lack of money.

Answer 668

(v) to prevent somebody from easily doing or achieving something = hinder | کاری را با مشکل مواجه کردن ، مانع شدن، مانع تراشی کردن

Question 669

(of people or behaviour) kind, polite and generous, especially to somebody of a lower social position | مهربان و مودب و سخاوتمند

Answer 669

**gracious** a gracious lady a gracious smile Lady Caroline was gracious enough to accept our invitation. He has not yet learned how to be gracious in defeat. **(adv) graciously** **(n) graciousness**

Question 670

**gracious** a gracious lady a gracious smile Lady Caroline was gracious enough to accept our invitation. He has not yet learned how to be gracious in defeat. **(adv) graciously** **(n) graciousness**

Answer 670

(of people or behaviour) kind, polite and generous, especially to somebody of a lower social position | مهربان و مودب و سخاوتمند

Question 671

(v) to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence | بازجویی کردن

Answer 671

**interrogate** He was interrogated by the police for over 12 hours. Soon after we arrived, I was interrogated about my parents and our home life. Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or imprisoned in recent weeks. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : interrogate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : interrogation / interrogative = ​a question word, especially a pronoun or a determiner such as who or which / interrogator / interrogatory = a written question, asked by one party in a legal case, that must be answered by the other party ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : interrogative / interrogatory ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : interrogatively

Question 672

**interrogate** He was interrogated by the police for over 12 hours. Soon after we arrived, I was interrogated about my parents and our home life. Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or imprisoned in recent weeks. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : interrogate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : interrogation / interrogative = ​a question word, especially a pronoun or a determiner such as who or which / interrogator / interrogatory = a written question, asked by one party in a legal case, that must be answered by the other party ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : interrogative / interrogatory ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : interrogatively

Answer 672

(v) to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence | بازجویی کردن

Question 673

(adj) shy and nervous; without much confidence; easily frightened | کم رو ، ترسو

Answer 673

**timid** He stopped in the doorway, too timid to go in. They've been rather timid in the changes they've made (= they've been afraid to make any big changes). a timid voice Deer are naturally timid creatures. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : timidity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : timid ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : timidly

Question 674

**timid** He stopped in the doorway, too timid to go in. They've been rather timid in the changes they've made (= they've been afraid to make any big changes). a timid voice Deer are naturally timid creatures. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : timidity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : timid ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : timidly

Answer 674

(adj) shy and nervous; without much confidence; easily frightened | کم رو ، ترسو

Question 675

(n) the traditional stories, beliefs, and customs of a group of people | افسانه ها یا رسوم قومی واجدادی

Answer 675

**folklore** Her books are often based on folklore and fairy-tales. In Irish folklore, the leprechaun had a large piece of gold. Arguments between directors and stars are part of the folklore of Hollywood.

Question 676

**folklore** Her books are often based on folklore and fairy-tales. In Irish folklore, the leprechaun had a large piece of gold. Arguments between directors and stars are part of the folklore of Hollywood.

Answer 676

(n) the traditional stories, beliefs, and customs of a group of people | افسانه ها یا رسوم قومی واجدادی

Question 677

# * (adj) unnecessary or more than you need or want | (غیر ضروری یا اضافی(بیش از نیاز

Answer 677

**superfluous** She gave him a look that made words superfluous. The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail. Our new mayor plans to eliminate superfluous programs. Much of the school day is wasted on superfluous activities. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : superfluity = an unnecessarily or excessively large amount or number of something. صفت ( adjective ) : superfluous قید ( adverb ) : superfluously ........................................ **superfluity** "they thought the garrison a superfluity" **a superfluity of** a superfluity of unoccupied time There always seemed to be a superfluity of men at the dances! | = Redundant - extra - surplus - Undue - unneeded-unnecessary-Increscent

Question 678

# * **superfluous** She gave him a look that made words superfluous. The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail. Our new mayor plans to eliminate superfluous programs. Much of the school day is wasted on superfluous activities. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : superfluity = an unnecessarily or excessively large amount or number of something. صفت ( adjective ) : superfluous قید ( adverb ) : superfluously ........................................ **superfluity** "they thought the garrison a superfluity" **a superfluity of** a superfluity of unoccupied time There always seemed to be a superfluity of men at the dances!

Answer 678

(adj) unnecessary or more than you need or want | (غیر ضروری یا اضافی(بیش از نیاز

Question 679

(adj) saying or doing something that you do not really mean or believe | غیرصادقانه، ریاکار. دو رو ## Footnote 1- برای آدم = غیرصادق، ریاکار. دو رو 2- برای عملی یا چیزی = غیرصادقانه، ریاکارانه

Answer 679

**insincere** = ANT = sincere an insincere apology/promise/offer/smile And all this praise just because the poor man has died - doesn't it strike you as a bit insincere? ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : insincerity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : insincere ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : insincerely ............................................ **sincere** **1- (of feelings, beliefs or behaviour) showing what you really think or feel** = genuine صادقانه، قلبی، * a sincere apology * a sincere attempt to resolve the problem * sincere regret * Please accept our sincere thanks. * We offer our sincere sympathy to the two families. ..................................................................... **2- (of a person) saying only what you really think or feel** = honest صادق، بی ریا * He seemed sincere enough when he said he wanted to help. * **sincere in something** * She is never completely sincere in what she says about people. * I think he is sincere in his desire to keep the economy growing. * **sincere about something** * his refusal to be sincere about his feelings ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sincerity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sincere ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sincerely

Question 680

**insincere** = ANT = sincere an insincere apology/promise/offer/smile And all this praise just because the poor man has died - doesn't it strike you as a bit insincere? ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : insincerity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : insincere ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : insincerely ............................................ **sincere** **1- (of feelings, beliefs or behaviour) showing what you really think or feel** = genuine صادقانه، قلبی، * a sincere apology * a sincere attempt to resolve the problem * sincere regret * Please accept our sincere thanks. * We offer our sincere sympathy to the two families. ..................................................................... **2- (of a person) saying only what you really think or feel** = honest صادق، بی ریا * He seemed sincere enough when he said he wanted to help. * **sincere in something** * She is never completely sincere in what she says about people. * I think he is sincere in his desire to keep the economy growing. * **sincere about something** * his refusal to be sincere about his feelings ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sincerity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sincere ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sincerely

Answer 680

(adj) saying or doing something that you do not really mean or believe ## Footnote 1- برای آدم = غیرصادق، ریاکار. دو رو 2- برای عملی یا چیزی = غیرصادقانه، ریاکارانه

Question 681

(n) the act of finding somebody guilty of a crime in court; the fact of having been found guilty = ANT = acquittal (n) a strong opinion or belief ## Footnote 1- محکومیت 2- اعتقاد

Answer 681

**conviction** He plans to appeal against his conviction. **conviction for something** She has six previous convictions for theft. **conviction of** The conviction of the three demonstrators has caused public outrage locally. **on conviction** an offence that carries, on conviction, a sentence of not more than five years’ imprisonment ✅ فعل ( verb ) : convict ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : convict / conviction ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : convicted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - ...................................................... **strong political/moral/religious convictions** **deep/strong/lifelong conviction** She was motivated by deep religious conviction. **conviction that…** We were sustained by the conviction that all would be well in the end. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : convince ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conviction ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : convinced / convincing ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : convincingly

Question 682

**conviction** He plans to appeal against his conviction. **conviction for something** She has six previous convictions for theft. **conviction of** The conviction of the three demonstrators has caused public outrage locally. **on conviction** an offence that carries, on conviction, a sentence of not more than five years’ imprisonment ✅ فعل ( verb ) : convict ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : convict / conviction ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : convicted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - ...................................................... **strong political/moral/religious convictions** **deep/strong/lifelong conviction** She was motivated by deep religious conviction. **conviction that…** We were sustained by the conviction that all would be well in the end. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : convince ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conviction ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : convinced / convincing ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : convincingly

Answer 682

(n) the act of finding somebody guilty of a crime in court; the fact of having been found guilty = ANT = acquittal (n) a strong opinion or belief ## Footnote 1- محکومیت 2- اعتقاد

Question 683

(n) an official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime | تبرئه، برائت

Answer 683

**acquittal** The case resulted in an acquittal. The jury voted for acquittal. **(v) acquit** تبرئه کردن The jury acquitted him of murder.

Question 684

**acquittal** The case resulted in an acquittal. The jury voted for acquittal. **(v) acquit** تبرئه کردن The jury acquitted him of murder.

Answer 684

(n) an official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime | تبرئه، برائت

Question 685

(n) an official judgement made in court or at an inquest (= an official investigation into somebody's death) (n) a decision that you make or an opinion that you give about something, after you have tested it or considered it carefully ## Footnote 1- حکم، رای دادگاه 1- قضاوت یا نظر (که پس از در نظر گرفتن حقایق یک موقعیت ارائه می شود)

Answer 685

**verdict** Has the jury reached a verdict? The jury returned a verdict (= gave a verdict) of guilty. The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death. ........................................................... Well, what's your verdict? City planners think it’s a good idea to ban traffic from downtown streets, but the public’s verdict is that it’s a stupid idea. **verdict on something/somebody** The panel will give their verdict on the latest album releases.

Question 686

**verdict** Has the jury reached a verdict? The jury returned a verdict (= gave a verdict) of guilty. The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death. ........................................................... Well, what's your verdict? City planners think it’s a good idea to ban traffic from downtown streets, but the public’s verdict is that it’s a stupid idea. **verdict on something/somebody** The panel will give their verdict on the latest album releases.

Answer 686

(n) an official judgement made in court or at an inquest (= an official investigation into somebody's death) (n) a decision that you make or an opinion that you give about something, after you have tested it or considered it carefully ## Footnote 1- حکم، رای دادگاه 2- قضاوت یا نظر (که پس از در نظر گرفتن حقایق یک موقعیت ارائه می شود)

Question 687

(n) a feeling of being extremely tired, usually because of hard work or exercise = exhaustion, tiredness (n) a feeling of not wanting to do a particular activity any longer because you have done too much of it = tiredness (n) weakness in something, such as a metal part or structure, often caused by repeated bending (v) to make someone extremely tired: ## Footnote ۱. خستگی و خوفتگی 2- خستگی و زده شدن از چیزی 3- فرسودگی ( مثل فرسودگی فلز ) 4- خسته کردن

Answer 687

**fatigue** physical and mental fatigue Driver fatigue was to blame for the accident. I was dropping with fatigue and could not keep my eyes open. ......................................................... Launching too many charity appeals risks bringing on compassion fatigue (= a loss of the ability to feel pity for other people’s suffering). The city has lived with masks and restrictions for over a year and people are experiencing pandemic fatigue. ................................................ The wing of the plane showed signs of metal fatigue. .......................................... The journey had fatigued him. **(adj) fatigued** **(adj) fatiguing** **(adv) fatiguingly**

Question 688

**fatigue** physical and mental fatigue Driver fatigue was to blame for the accident. I was dropping with fatigue and could not keep my eyes open. ......................................................... Launching too many charity appeals risks bringing on compassion fatigue (= a loss of the ability to feel pity for other people’s suffering). The city has lived with masks and restrictions for over a year and people are experiencing pandemic fatigue. ................................................ The wing of the plane showed signs of metal fatigue. .......................................... The journey had fatigued him. **(adj) fatigued** **(adj) fatiguing** **(adv) fatiguingly**

Answer 688

(n) a feeling of being extremely tired, usually because of hard work or exercise = exhaustion, tiredness (n) a feeling of not wanting to do a particular activity any longer because you have done too much of it = tiredness (n) weakness in something, such as a metal part or structure, often caused by repeated bending (v) to make someone extremely tired: ## Footnote ۱. خستگی و خوفتگی 2- خستگی و زده شدن از چیزی 3- فرسودگی ( مثل فرسودگی فلز ) 4- خسته کردن

Question 689

(n) the space between two lines or surfaces that join, measured in degrees (n) the direction that something is leaning or pointing in when it does not go straight up and down or straight across from side to side (n) a position from which you look at something (n) a particular way of presenting or thinking about a situation, problem, etc. (n) a corner on the outside or inside of something | زاویه - کنج یا گوشه

Answer 689

**angle** The interior angles of a square are right angles or angles of 90 degrees. The boat settled into the mud at a 35° angle/at an angle of 35°. .................................................................. The Tower of Pisa leans at an angle. The plane was coming in at a steep angle. His hair was sticking up at all angles. **at an angle to something** Venus and the Earth orbit the Sun at a slight angle to each other. ...................................... The photo was taken from an unusual angle. The painting changes slightly when seen from different angles. The variety of camera angles gives her photographs interest. .......................................................... We need a new angle for our next advertising campaign. You can look at the issue from many different angles. You start seeing some solutions when you view something from all angles. ............................................. It's a modern building, all brick and glass and sharp angles. His head cracked against the angle of the door pillar.

Question 690

**angle** The interior angles of a square are right angles or angles of 90 degrees. The boat settled into the mud at a 35° angle/at an angle of 35°. .................................................................. The Tower of Pisa leans at an angle. The plane was coming in at a steep angle. His hair was sticking up at all angles. **at an angle to something** Venus and the Earth orbit the Sun at a slight angle to each other. ...................................... The photo was taken from an unusual angle. The painting changes slightly when seen from different angles. The variety of camera angles gives her photographs interest. .......................................................... We need a new angle for our next advertising campaign. You can look at the issue from many different angles. You start seeing some solutions when you view something from all angles. ............................................. It's a modern building, all brick and glass and sharp angles. His head cracked against the angle of the door pillar.

Answer 690

(n) the space between two lines or surfaces that join, measured in degrees (n) the direction that something is leaning or pointing in when it does not go straight up and down or straight across from side to side (n) a position from which you look at something (n) a particular way of presenting or thinking about a situation, problem, etc. (n) a corner on the outside or inside of something | زاویه - کنج یا گوشه

Question 691

محیط دایره یا دیگر شکل های کروی مثل بیضی ..................................................... محیط همه اشکال هندسی (معمولا برای محیط اشکال گوشه دار مثل لوزی، مربع و غیره میشه)

Answer 691

**circumference** the circumference of a circle the circumference of the earth **in circumference** The earth is almost 25 000 miles in circumference. ................................................................ **perimeter** Find the area and perimeter of the following shapes.

Question 692

**circumference** the circumference of a circle the circumference of the earth **in circumference** The earth is almost 25 000 miles in circumference. ................................................................ **perimeter** Find the area and perimeter of the following shapes.

Answer 692

محیط دایره یا دیگر شکل های کروی مثل بیضی ..................................................... محیط همه اشکال هندسی (معمولا برای محیط اشکال گوشه دار مثل لوزی، مربع و غیره میشه)

Question 693

قطر دایره یا دیگر شکل های کروی مثل بیضی ..................................................... قطر چندضلعی ها و ماتریس ها و غیره

Answer 693

**diameter** The diameter of the tree trunk was more than a metre. **in diameter** The dome is 42.3 metres in diameter. ................................................................. **diagonal** (adj) diagonal

Question 694

**diameter** The diameter of the tree trunk was more than a metre. **in diameter** The dome is 42.3 metres in diameter. ................................................................. **diagonal** (adj) diagonal

Answer 694

قطر دایره یا دیگر شکل های کروی مثل بیضی ..................................................... قطر چندضلعی ها و ماتریس ها و غیره

Question 695

شعاع

Answer 695

**radius**

Question 696

**radius**

Answer 696

شعاع

Question 697

(adj) (of place) full of busy activity = busy , crowded | پر جنب و جوش

Answer 697

**bustling** This used to be a bustling town but a lot of people have moved away over recent years. The house, usually bustling with activity, was strangely silent.

Question 698

**bustling** This used to be a bustling town but a lot of people have moved away over recent years. The house, usually bustling with activity, was strangely silent.

Answer 698

(adj) (of place) full of busy activity = busy , crowded | پر جنب و جوش

Question 699

(n) ​the state of being crowded and full of traffic (n) (medical) the state of part of the body being blocked with blood or mucus ## Footnote 1- ازدحام ، ترافیک 2- گرفتگی ، انسداد

Answer 699

**congestion** traffic congestion and pollution "the new bridge should ease congestion in the area" Engineers are hoping network congestion will become a thing of the past. Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion. a study of downtown traffic congestion measures to ease the increasing congestion in the city ........................................... congestion of the lungs medicine to relieve nasal congestion گرفتگی بینی congestion of vein **(adj) congested** = crowded; full of traffic شلوغ، پر ازدحام ، پرترافیک The roads to Bordeaux were heavily congested. **(v) congest** = to make something blocked or crowded in a way that causes difficulties, or to become blocked or crowded

Question 700

**congestion** traffic congestion and pollution "the new bridge should ease congestion in the area" Engineers are hoping network congestion will become a thing of the past. Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion. a study of downtown traffic congestion measures to ease the increasing congestion in the city ........................................... congestion of the lungs medicine to relieve nasal congestion گرفتگی بینی congestion of vein **(adj) congested** = crowded; full of traffic شلوغ، پر ازدحام ، پرترافیک The roads to Bordeaux were heavily congested. **(v) congest** = to make something blocked or crowded in a way that causes difficulties, or to become blocked or crowded

Answer 700

(n) ​the state of being crowded and full of traffic (n) (medical) the state of part of the body being blocked with blood or mucus ## Footnote 1- ازدحام ، ترافیک 2- گرفتگی ، انسداد

Question 701

(n) a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person or a small group of people (n) ​a spoken description of a series of events, etc. that is often long and boring ## Footnote 1- اجرای تکنواز ی یا تکخوانی در برنامه موسیقی 2- روایت - نقل (فهرستی از نام ها، حقایق یا رویدادهای مرتبط.)

Answer 701

**recital** to give a piano recital a recital by the Grieg Trio They put on a song recital in honour of Mozart’s 250th birthday. ........................................................ She gave us a long, boring recital of all her troubles.

Question 702

**recital** to give a piano recital a recital by the Grieg Trio They put on a song recital in honour of Mozart’s 250th birthday. ........................................................ She gave us a long, boring recital of all her troubles.

Answer 702

(n) a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person or a small group of people (n) ​a spoken description of a series of events, etc. that is often long and boring ## Footnote 1- اجرای تکنواز ی یا تکخوانی در برنامه موسیقی 2- روایت - نقل (فهرستی از نام ها، حقایق یا رویدادهای مرتبط.)

Question 703

(adj) mentioned earlier: | قبلا ذکر شده

Answer 703

**aforementioned = above-mentioned =aforesaid = said** The aforementioned person was seen acting suspiciously. Insurance is included on all aforesaid items. The aforementioned Mr Parkes then entered the cinema. All of the above-mentioned movies won Oscars. I strongly disagree with the last paragraph of the abovementioned article. The said Joseph Brown was seen outside the house on the night of 15 January.

Question 704

**aforementioned = above-mentioned =aforesaid = said** The aforementioned person was seen acting suspiciously. Insurance is included on all aforesaid items. The aforementioned Mr Parkes then entered the cinema. All of the above-mentioned movies won Oscars. I strongly disagree with the last paragraph of the abovementioned article. The said Joseph Brown was seen outside the house on the night of 15 January.

Answer 704

(adj) mentioned earlier: | قبلا ذکر شده

Question 705

# ** a large mass of ice that moves slowly | یخچال طبیعی

Answer 705

**glacier**

Question 706

# ** **glacier**

Answer 706

a large mass of ice that moves slowly | یخچال طبیعی

Question 707

(n) ​an indirect and usually bad result of an action, event, or decision that may happen some time afterwards | عواقب و پیامد منفی

Answer 707

**repercussion** Any decrease in tourism could have serious repercussions for the local economy. President Kennedy's assassination had far-reaching repercussions. The collapse of the company will have repercussions for the whole industry.

Question 708

**repercussion** Any decrease in tourism could have serious repercussions for the local economy. President Kennedy's assassination had far-reaching repercussions. The collapse of the company will have repercussions for the whole industry.

Answer 708

(n) ​an indirect and usually bad result of an action, event, or decision that may happen some time afterwards | عواقب و پیامد منفی

Question 709

(n) a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation that is difficult to get out of or solve it | مخمصه، معضل، گرفتاری شدید

Answer 709

**predicament** She is hoping to get a loan from her bank to help her out of her financial predicament. I'm in a bit of a predicament because I've accidentally accepted two invitations to dinner on the same night. "the club's financial predicament" With no money and no job, he found himself in a real predicament.

Question 710

**predicament** She is hoping to get a loan from her bank to help her out of her financial predicament. I'm in a bit of a predicament because I've accidentally accepted two invitations to dinner on the same night. "the club's financial predicament" With no money and no job, he found himself in a real predicament.

Answer 710

(n) a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation that is difficult to get out of or solve it | مخمصه، معضل، گرفتاری شدید

Question 711

(n) a fixed, especially religious, belief or set of beliefs that people are expected to accept without any doubts ## Footnote عقیده ای خشک، که هیچ شک و انتقاد و نقضی بر آن پذیرفته نشود

Answer 711

**dogma** liberal/conservative dogma "they follow the dogma of their religion" "these beliefs form part of their political dogma" "the rejection of political dogma" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dogmatize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dogma / dogmatism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dogmatic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : dogmatically

Question 712

**dogma** liberal/conservative dogma "they follow the dogma of their religion" "these beliefs form part of their political dogma" "the rejection of political dogma" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dogmatize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dogma / dogmatism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dogmatic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : dogmatically

Answer 712

(n) a fixed, especially religious, belief or set of beliefs that people are expected to accept without any doubts ## Footnote عقیده ای خشک، که هیچ شک و انتقاد و نقضی بر آن پذیرفته نشود

Question 713

(n) the opinions that somebody has about something and expresses publicly = position (n)​the way in which somebody stands, especially when playing a sport ## Footnote 1- موضع 2- طرز ایستادن. وضع بدن

Answer 713

**stance** What is the newspaper's stance on the war? He is known for his anti-abortion stance. Judges are increasingly taking a tougher stance on rape. The doctor's stance on the issue of abortion is well known. ......................... He had the stance of a baseball player focusing on the ball.

Question 714

**stance** What is the newspaper's stance on the war? He is known for his anti-abortion stance. Judges are increasingly taking a tougher stance on rape. The doctor's stance on the issue of abortion is well known. ......................... He had the stance of a baseball player focusing on the ball.

Answer 714

(n) the opinions that somebody has about something and expresses publicly = position (n)​the way in which somebody stands, especially when playing a sport ## Footnote 1- موضع 2- طرز ایستادن. وضع بدن

Question 715

(adv) according to what seems or is stated to be real or true, when this is perhaps not the case = apparently | ظاهرا. در ظاهر

Answer 715

**ostensibly** Troops were sent in, ostensibly to protect the civilian population. He has spent the past three months in Florida, ostensibly for medical treatment, but in actual fact to avoid prosecution. The e-mail requested account information, ostensibly to help clear up a "billing error". ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ostensibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ostensible = apparent ظاهری / ostensive = directly demonstrative. ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ostensibly / ostensively

Question 716

**ostensibly** Troops were sent in, ostensibly to protect the civilian population. He has spent the past three months in Florida, ostensibly for medical treatment, but in actual fact to avoid prosecution. The e-mail requested account information, ostensibly to help clear up a "billing error". ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ostensibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ostensible = apparent ظاهری / ostensive = directly demonstrative. ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ostensibly / ostensively

Answer 716

(adv) according to what seems or is stated to be real or true, when this is perhaps not the case = apparently | ظاهرا. در ظاهر

Question 717

(v) (of a person, animal, or group) live in or occupy (a place or environment). | سکونت گزیدن، زندگی کردن

Answer 717

**inhabit** Some of the rare species that inhabit the area are under threat. He reflected on what a strange world Stephen and Veronica inhabited. These remote islands are inhabited only by birds. "a bird that inhabits North America" فعل ( verb ) : inhabit اسم ( noun ) : inhabitant / inhabitation / inhabitancy صفت ( adjective ) : inhabited / inhabitable قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 718

**inhabit** Some of the rare species that inhabit the area are under threat. He reflected on what a strange world Stephen and Veronica inhabited. These remote islands are inhabited only by birds. "a bird that inhabits North America" فعل ( verb ) : inhabit اسم ( noun ) : inhabitant / inhabitation / inhabitancy صفت ( adjective ) : inhabited / inhabitable قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 718

(v) (of a person, animal, or group) live in or occupy (a place or environment). | سکونت گزیدن، زندگی کردن

Question 719

(v) to cause something to have no effect; make ineffective = nullify (v) to show something to be wrong or to be the opposite of what was thought = deny ## Footnote 1 - خنثی کردن/ نمودن ، بی اثر/بلا اثر کردن 2 - نفی کردن، انکار کردن، منکر شدن

Answer 719

**negate** Alcohol negates the effects of the drug. The increase in our profits has been negated by the rising costs of running the business. The increase in sales was negated by the rising cost of materials. ................................... "negating the political nature of education" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : negate / negative = to refuse to agree to a proposal or a request ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : negation / negative = no - a bad quality or aspect of a situation / negativity / negator / negativism / negativist / negativeness / negationist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : negative / negatory ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : negatively ................................................ **negation** **1- the action of causing something to not exist or to have no effect** * The utter negation of natural beauty was appalling. **2- the exact opposite of something, or a complete lack of it** نقطه ی مقابل، مخالف * This political system was the negation of democracy. * She sees faith as a negation of reason. **3- the act of disagreeing with somebody/something or refusing to do something** مخالفت * She shook her head in negation.

Question 720

**negate** Alcohol negates the effects of the drug. The increase in our profits has been negated by the rising costs of running the business. The increase in sales was negated by the rising cost of materials. ................................... "negating the political nature of education" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : negate / negative = to refuse to agree to a proposal or a request ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : negation / negative = no - a bad quality or aspect of a situation / negativity / negator / negativism / negativist / negativeness / negationist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : negative / negatory ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : negatively ................................................ **negation** **1- the action of causing something to not exist or to have no effect** * The utter negation of natural beauty was appalling. **2- the exact opposite of something, or a complete lack of it** نقطه ی مقابل، مخالف * This political system was the negation of democracy. * She sees faith as a negation of reason. **3- the act of disagreeing with somebody/something or refusing to do something** مخالفت * She shook her head in negation.

Answer 720

(v) to cause something to have no effect; make ineffective = nullify (v) to show something to be wrong or to be the opposite of what was thought = deny ## Footnote 1 - خنثی کردن/ نمودن ، بی اثر/بلا اثر کردن 2 - نفی کردن، انکار کردن، منکر شدن

Question 721

(v) to make something such as an agreement or order lose its legal force =invalidate (v) to cause something to lose its effect, value or power = negate ## Footnote 1 - ابطال کردن، باطل کردن، ملغی کردن، لغو کردن 2- خنثی نمودن/ کردن، بی اثر کردن، بی ارزش کردن

Answer 721

**nullify** Judges were unwilling to nullify government decisions. The state death penalty law was nullified in 1977. The referee nullified the goal. ................................ An unhealthy diet will nullify the effects of training. All my hard work was nullified when I lost my notes. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : nullify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : nullity باطل بودن، فقدان اعتبار قانونی / nullification / null صفر ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : null = having no legal force, or with no value or effect ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 722

**nullify** Judges were unwilling to nullify government decisions. The state death penalty law was nullified in 1977. The referee nullified the goal. ................................ An unhealthy diet will nullify the effects of training. All my hard work was nullified when I lost my notes. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : nullify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : nullity باطل بودن، فقدان اعتبار قانونی / nullification / null صفر ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : null = having no legal force, or with no value or effect ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 722

(v) to make something such as an agreement or order lose its legal force =invalidate (v) to cause something to lose its effect, value or power = negate ## Footnote 1 - ابطال کردن، باطل کردن، ملغی کردن، لغو کردن 2- خنثی نمودن/ کردن، بی اثر کردن، بی ارزش کردن

Question 723

(adj) relating to a statement that shows agreement or says "yes" = positive =ANT= negative (n) a word or statement that means ‘yes’; an agreement or a confirmation

Answer 723

**affirmative** an affirmative answer/response to the question affirmative and negative forms/sentences There should be an affirmative role for government in social problems. ............................................................ She asked the question expecting an affirmative. mainly US "Were you in New York on 3 March?" "Affirmative." (= "Yes.") **in the affirmative** He replied in the affirmative (= he said "yes"). She answered in the affirmative (= said ‘yes’). She asked if he would give his support to the scheme and he answered in the affirmative. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : affirm ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : affirmation = confirmation تایید / affirmative ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : affirmative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : affirmatively ................................................................................... **affirm** **1- to state clearly that something is true** تایید کردن * **affirm something** * Both sides affirmed their commitment to the ceasefire. * **affirm that…** * I can affirm that no one will lose their job. **2- to publicly defend something ( an opinion, idea, principle, ...) or state that you support it strongly** تاکید و تایید کردن * The government has affirmed its commitment to equal rights. * We affirm the principle that leaders must be chosen by the people and be accountable to the people. **3- (law) to confirm a legal decision** تایید کردن * The decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeal. **4- to provide emotional support or approval** تایید کردن * They believe that it's important that parents affirm their children as they are.

Question 724

**affirmative** an affirmative answer/response to the question affirmative and negative forms/sentences There should be an affirmative role for government in social problems. ............................................................ She asked the question expecting an affirmative. mainly US "Were you in New York on 3 March?" "Affirmative." (= "Yes.") **in the affirmative** He replied in the affirmative (= he said "yes"). She answered in the affirmative (= said ‘yes’). She asked if he would give his support to the scheme and he answered in the affirmative. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : affirm ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : affirmation = confirmation تایید / affirmative ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : affirmative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : affirmatively ................................................................................... **affirm** **1- to state clearly that something is true** تایید کردن * **affirm something** * Both sides affirmed their commitment to the ceasefire. * **affirm that…** * I can affirm that no one will lose their job. **2- to publicly defend something ( an opinion, idea, principle, ...) or state that you support it strongly** تاکید و تایید کردن * The government has affirmed its commitment to equal rights. * We affirm the principle that leaders must be chosen by the people and be accountable to the people. **3- (law) to confirm a legal decision** تایید کردن * The decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeal. **4- to provide emotional support or approval** تایید کردن * They believe that it's important that parents affirm their children as they are.

Answer 724

(adj) relating to a statement that shows agreement or says "yes" = positive =ANT= negative (n) a word or statement that means ‘yes’; an agreement or a confirmation

Question 725

(v) to do business with a person or an organization | معامله کردن

Answer 725

**Transact** **transact something with somebody** There are new rules about how they transact business with customers. **transact (something)** The dealers must know the price at which they are prepared to transact. An estimated one billion sales were transacted last month. Virtually all local trading was transacted in grain rather than in cash. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : transact ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : transaction = an occasion when someone buys or sells something, or when money is exchanged or the activity of buying or selling something معامله، تراکنش مالی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : transactional ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 726

**Transact** **transact something with somebody** There are new rules about how they transact business with customers. **transact (something)** The dealers must know the price at which they are prepared to transact. An estimated one billion sales were transacted last month. Virtually all local trading was transacted in grain rather than in cash. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : transact ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : transaction = an occasion when someone buys or sells something, or when money is exchanged or the activity of buying or selling something معامله، تراکنش مالی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : transactional ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | معامله کردن

Answer 726

(v) to do business with a person or an organization

Question 727

# [](http://) (v) to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it = water down (v) to make something weaker or less effective

Answer 727

**dilute** **dilute something (in/with something)** The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade. After the stock is done and strained, you can dilute it as necessary. ............................................................................. Large classes dilute the quality of education that children receive. The effect of this policy has now been considerably diluted. These measures are designed to dilute public fears about the product's safety. the reforms have been diluted ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dilute ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dilution ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dilute / diluted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ## Footnote 1. رقیق _ رقیق کردن 2. کم کردن ( ارزش/قدرت چیزی )

Question 728

# [](http://) (v) to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it = water down (v) to make something weaker or less effective

Answer 728

**dilute** **dilute something (in/with something)** The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade. After the stock is done and strained, you can dilute it as necessary. ............................................................................. Large classes dilute the quality of education that children receive. The effect of this policy has now been considerably diluted. These measures are designed to dilute public fears about the product's safety. the reforms have been diluted ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dilute ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dilution ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dilute / diluted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ## Footnote 1. رقیق _ رقیق کردن 2. کم کردن ( ارزش/قدرت چیزی )

Question 729

(adv) in a skilful, clever, or quick way: | با مهارت، ماهرانه

Answer 729

**deftly** He deftly caught the ball. She deftly avoided answering his question. All of the actors handle the dialogue deftly. They must act deftly if they are to regain control over the region. She deftly managed not to step on the cat. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deftness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deft ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : deftly Her movements were deft and quick. She answered the journalist's questions with a deft touch. **deft at** He's very deft at handling awkward situations.

Question 730

**deftly** He deftly caught the ball. She deftly avoided answering his question. All of the actors handle the dialogue deftly. They must act deftly if they are to regain control over the region. She deftly managed not to step on the cat. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deftness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deft ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : deftly Her movements were deft and quick. She answered the journalist's questions with a deft touch. **deft at** He's very deft at handling awkward situations.

Answer 730

(adv) in a skilful, clever, or quick way: | با مهارت، ماهرانه

Question 731

(v) to be present at an event (v) to go regularly to a place (v) to pay attention to what somebody is saying or to what you are doing (v) to happen at the same time as something = accompany (v) to be with somebody and help them ............................................. (phrasal verb) to deal with or take care of something or someone ## Footnote 1- حاضر شدن، شرکت کردن 2- حاضر شدن، شرکت کردن 3- توجه کردن 4- همراه بودن 5- همراهی کردن ....................................... 6- رسیدگی کردن، مراقبت کردن

Answer 731

**attend** We'd like as many people as possible to attend. attend something The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. to attend a wedding/funeral/service/ceremony Everyone is welcome to attend the free event. All members are requested to attend this meeting. 5,000 people from around the world were invited to attend the conference. .......................................... Our children attend the same school. Students are expected to attend class regularly. How many people attend church every Sunday? Your dentist will ask you to attend for regular check-ups. The child was failing to attend regularly at the school. .......................................... **attend (to somebody/something)** She hadn't been attending during the lesson. I'm afraid I wasn't attending to what was being said. ........................................ She dislikes the loss of privacy that attends TV celebrity. ...................................................................................... The president was attended by several members of his staff. The queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting. ........................................................... **attend to something/someone** Doctors tried to attend to the worst injured soldiers first. I always have so many things to attend to when I come into the office after a trip abroad. Her company helps employees attend to elderly relatives. We have some urgent business to attend to. A recent study shows that they have failed to attend to clients' needs and demands. "the severely wounded had two medics to attend to their wounds"

Question 732

**attend** We'd like as many people as possible to attend. attend something The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. to attend a wedding/funeral/service/ceremony Everyone is welcome to attend the free event. All members are requested to attend this meeting. 5,000 people from around the world were invited to attend the conference. .......................................... Our children attend the same school. Students are expected to attend class regularly. How many people attend church every Sunday? Your dentist will ask you to attend for regular check-ups. The child was failing to attend regularly at the school. .......................................... **attend (to somebody/something)** She hadn't been attending during the lesson. I'm afraid I wasn't attending to what was being said. ........................................ She dislikes the loss of privacy that attends TV celebrity. ...................................................................................... The president was attended by several members of his staff. The queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting. ........................................................... **attend to something/someone** Doctors tried to attend to the worst injured soldiers first. I always have so many things to attend to when I come into the office after a trip abroad. Her company helps employees attend to elderly relatives. We have some urgent business to attend to. A recent study shows that they have failed to attend to clients' needs and demands. "the severely wounded had two medics to attend to their wounds"

Answer 732

(v) to be present at an event (v) to go regularly to a place (v) to pay attention to what somebody is saying or to what you are doing (v) to happen at the same time as something = accompany (v) to be with somebody and help them ............................................. (phrasal verb) to deal with or take care of something or someone ## Footnote 1- حاضر شدن، شرکت کردن 2- حاضر شدن، شرکت کردن 3- توجه کردن 4- همراه بودن 5- همراهی کردن ....................................... 6- رسیدگی کردن، مراقبت کردن

Question 733

1- استعفا دادن 2- (phrasal verb) accept that something undesirable cannot be avoided. ## Footnote 1- استعفا دادن 2- تسلیم کردن کسی یا تسلیم شدن(پسیو) (زیرا نمی توان از چیزی نامطلوب اجتناب کرد.)

Answer 733

**resign** He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job. She resigned as director. She resigned the directorship. .................................... **resign oneself to something** [ + -ing verb ] He resigned himself to living alone. "she resigned herself to a lengthy session" **be resigned to something** She seems resigned to losing the race. He was resigned to living alone. **(n) resignation** **(adj) resigned**= accepting that something you do not like will happen because you cannot change it تسلیم شده , پذیرفته **(adv) resignedly** = in a way that shows that you accept something will happen although you do not like it: ..................................................... a resigned look/expression/tone/sigh They are resigned and a little depressed at the thought of losing money for at least the first year. **resigned to (doing) something** He was resigned to never seeing his birthplace again. ............ We're going to be late again," he said resignedly. We walked resignedly onward.

Question 734

**resign** He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job. She resigned as director. She resigned the directorship. .................................... **resign oneself to something** [ + -ing verb ] He resigned himself to living alone. "she resigned herself to a lengthy session" **be resigned to something** She seems resigned to losing the race. He was resigned to living alone. **(n) resignation** **(adj) resigned**= accepting that something you do not like will happen because you cannot change it تسلیم شده , پذیرفته **(adv) resignedly** = in a way that shows that you accept something will happen although you do not like it: ..................................................... a resigned look/expression/tone/sigh They are resigned and a little depressed at the thought of losing money for at least the first year. **resigned to (doing) something** He was resigned to never seeing his birthplace again. ............ We're going to be late again," he said resignedly. We walked resignedly onward.

Answer 734

1- استعفا دادن 2- (phrasal verb) accept that something undesirable cannot be avoided. ## Footnote 1- استعفا دادن 2- تسلیم کردن کسی یا تسلیم شدن(پسیو) (زیرا نمی توان از چیزی نامطلوب اجتناب کرد.)

Question 735

(v) to persuade someone to do something, especially something that does not seem wise (v) to cause something (v) to make a woman start giving birth to her baby by giving her special drugs; to make a baby start being born by giving the mother special drugs (v) to produce an electric charge or current, or a magnetic state by induction ## Footnote 1- ترغیب کردن. واداشتن 2- موجب شدن. باعث شدن 3- استفاده کردن از دارو برای شروع زایمان زن باردار 4- ( فیزیک ) القا کردن (بار الکتریکی یا مغناطیسی)

Answer 735

**induce** **induce somebody to do something** They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom. Nothing would/could induce me to vote for him again. the pickets induced many workers to stay away" .......................................... drugs that induce sleep "none of these measures induced a change of policy" a drug-induced coma Hearing loss is often induced by exposure to loud noise. ..................................... an induced labour We'll have to induce her. I was admitted and the baby was induced at 35 weeks. .............................. The current in the primary winding is induced by the rotating magnet. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : induce ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inducement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | \ ## Footnote =to cause, provoke,

Question 736

**induce** **induce somebody to do something** They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom. Nothing would/could induce me to vote for him again. the pickets induced many workers to stay away" .......................................... drugs that induce sleep "none of these measures induced a change of policy" a drug-induced coma Hearing loss is often induced by exposure to loud noise. ..................................... an induced labour We'll have to induce her. I was admitted and the baby was induced at 35 weeks. .............................. The current in the primary winding is induced by the rotating magnet. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : induce ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inducement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 736

(v) to persuade someone to do something, especially something that does not seem wise (v) to cause something (v) to make a woman start giving birth to her baby by giving her special drugs; to make a baby start being born by giving the mother special drugs (v) to produce an electric charge or current, or a magnetic state by induction | \ ## Footnote 1- ترغیب کردن. واداشتن 2- موجب شدن. باعث شدن 3- استفاده کردن از دارو برای شروع زایمان زن باردار 4- ( فیزیک ) القا کردن (بار الکتریکی یا مغناطیسی)

Question 737

(v) to officially end a law, a system, a practice or an institution | پایان دادن رسمی به یک قانون، یک سیستم، یک رویه یا یک موسسه

Answer 737

**Abolish** This tax should be abolished. I think bullfighting should be abolished. National Service was abolished in the UK in 1962. She campaigned to abolish the death penalty altogether. They called on the government to abolish tuition fees entirely. His government has abolished import quotas and slashed tariffs. Over the past six years we have abolished a whole range of direct taxes. Slavery was abolished in the US in 1865. They outlined the arguments for abolishing the monarchy. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : abolish ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : abolition / abolitionism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : abolitionist ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 738

​**Abolish** This tax should be abolished. I think bullfighting should be abolished. National Service was abolished in the UK in 1962. She campaigned to abolish the death penalty altogether. They called on the government to abolish tuition fees entirely. His government has abolished import quotas and slashed tariffs. Over the past six years we have abolished a whole range of direct taxes. Slavery was abolished in the US in 1865. They outlined the arguments for abolishing the monarchy. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : abolish ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : abolition / abolitionism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : abolitionist ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 738

(v) to officially end a law, a system, a practice or an institution | پایان دادن رسمی به یک قانون، یک سیستم، یک رویه یا یک موسسه

Question 739

(n) a structure or building that is built to honour a special person or event: (n) an old building or place that is an important part of a country's history ## Footnote 1- بنای یاد بود 2- بنای مهم تاریخی

Answer 739

**monument** A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. In the square in front of the hotel stands a monument to all the people killed in the war. ....................................... Parts of the Berlin wall are being allowed to stand as historic monuments. an ancient monument Tourists flock to see the historic monuments.

Question 740

**monument** A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. In the square in front of the hotel stands a monument to all the people killed in the war. ....................................... Parts of the Berlin wall are being allowed to stand as historic monuments. an ancient monument Tourists flock to see the historic monuments.

Answer 740

(n) a structure or building that is built to honour a special person or event: (n) an old building or place that is an important part of a country's history ## Footnote 1- بنای یاد بود 2- بنای مهم تاریخی

Question 741

(v) control and make use of (natural resources or the force or strength of something), especially to produce energy. (uk idiom) working together to achieve something (n) a piece of equipment with straps and belts, used to control or hold in place a person, animal, or object

Answer 741

**harness** attempts to harness the sun’s rays as a source of energy We must harness the skill and creativity of our workforce. How can this energy be harnessed effectively for the good of humankind? They are attempting to harness the power of the sun. ................................................................. **in harness with** They’ll be working in harness with other doctors to compile the report. ........................... a safety harness a baby harness a parachute The sight of horses in harness hauling timber was common a hundred years ago.

Question 742

**harness** attempts to harness the sun’s rays as a source of energy We must harness the skill and creativity of our workforce. How can this energy be harnessed effectively for the good of humankind? They are attempting to harness the power of the sun. ................................................................. **in harness with** They’ll be working in harness with other doctors to compile the report. ........................... a safety harness a baby harness a parachute The sight of horses in harness hauling timber was common a hundred years ago.

Answer 742

(v) control and make use of (natural resources or the force or strength of something), especially to produce energy. (uk idiom) working together to achieve something (n) a piece of equipment with straps and belts, used to control or hold in place a person, animal, or object

Question 743

(v) to dislike and have no respect for somebody/something | تنفر داشتن - نفرت داشتن - متنفر بودن

Answer 743

**despise** **despise somebody/something** She despised gossip in any form. I don’t know why they despise me so much. **despise somebody/yourself for (doing) something** He despised himself for being so cowardly. She thoroughly despised him for his weakness. | = dislike ▪ can’t stand ▪ despise ▪ can’t bear ▪ loathe ▪ detest

Question 744

**despise** **despise somebody/something** She despised gossip in any form. I don’t know why they despise me so much. **despise somebody/yourself for (doing) something** He despised himself for being so cowardly. She thoroughly despised him for his weakness.

Answer 744

(v) to dislike and have no respect for somebody/something | تنفر داشتن - نفرت داشتن - متنفر بودن

Question 745

(adj) ​considered by other people to be strange or unusual | نامتعارف. غیرعادی. عجیب و غریب

Answer 745

**eccentric** eccentric behaviour/clothes an eccentric aunt His behaviour grew increasingly eccentric as time went on. She was the classic eccentric old lady, living with a houseful of cats. **(adv) eccentrically** **(adj) eccentricity**

Question 746

**eccentric** eccentric behaviour/clothes an eccentric aunt His behaviour grew increasingly eccentric as time went on. She was the classic eccentric old lady, living with a houseful of cats. **(adv) eccentrically** **(adj) eccentricity**

Answer 746

(adj) ​considered by other people to be strange or unusual | نامتعارف. غیرعادی. عجیب و غریب

Question 747

(adj) (of writing or speech) clear and short; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words = concise | مختصر و مفید

Answer 747

**succinct** Keep your letter succinct and to the point. "use short, succinct sentences" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : succinctness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : succinct ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : succinctly | = concise

Question 748

**succinct** Keep your letter succinct and to the point. "use short, succinct sentences" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : succinctness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : succinct ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : succinctly

Answer 748

(adj) (of writing or speech) clear and short; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words = concise | مختصر و مفید

Question 749

(n) a young person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn the particular skills needed in their job = trainee | کارورز، کارآموز، شاگرد (کردن)

Answer 749

**apprentice** Most of the work was done by apprentices. an apprentice carpenter .......................................... He was apprenticed to his uncle as a carpenter. Michelangelo was apprenticed to Ghirlandaio in Florence for three years.

Question 750

**apprentice** Most of the work was done by apprentices. an apprentice carpenter .......................................... He was apprenticed to his uncle as a carpenter. Michelangelo was apprenticed to Ghirlandaio in Florence for three years.

Answer 750

(n) a young person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn the particular skills needed in their job = trainee | کارورز، کارآموز، شاگرد (کردن)

Question 751

(n) an organism (= a living thing) that is similar to a plant without leaves, flowers or green colouring, and that usually grows on plants or on decaying matter. mushrooms and mildew are both fungi. (n) a layer of mould or a similar fungus, for example on a plant or wall; an infection caused by a fungus ## Footnote معنی اول : قارچ معنی دوم : کپک

Answer 751

**Fungus- fungi(plural)** a fungus grows/​spreads/​colonizes something .................................................. The logs were covered with bright fungus. Farmed fish often get fungus. fungus infections

Question 752

**Fungus- fungi(plural)** a fungus grows/​spreads/​colonizes something .................................................. The logs were covered with bright fungus. Farmed fish often get fungus. fungus infections

Answer 752

(n) an organism (= a living thing) that is similar to a plant without leaves, flowers or green colouring, and that usually grows on plants or on decaying matter. mushrooms and mildew are both fungi. (n) a layer of mould or a similar fungus, for example on a plant or wall; an infection caused by a fungus ## Footnote معنی اول : قارچ معنی دوم : کپک

Question 753

# * (adj) (of an excuse or explanation) reasonable and likely to be true (adj) (of a person) good at sounding honest and sincere, especially when trying to trick people ## Footnote 1. موجه. قابل قبول. پذیرفتنی. معقول 2. ( دروغگو. شیاد ) ماهر. ظاهرفریب

Answer 753

**(im)plausible** Her story sounded perfectly plausible. The only plausible explanation is that he forgot. If you're going to make an excuse, at least make it plausible! ..................................................................... She was a plausible liar. a plausible salesman **(n) plausibility** **(adv) plausibly**

Question 754

# * **(im)plausible** Her story sounded perfectly plausible. The only plausible explanation is that he forgot. If you're going to make an excuse, at least make it plausible! ..................................................................... She was a plausible liar. a plausible salesman **(n) plausibility** **(adv) plausibly**

Answer 754

​(adj) (of an excuse or explanation) reasonable and likely to be true (adj) (of a person) good at sounding honest and sincere, especially when trying to trick people ## Footnote 1. موجه. قابل قبول. پذیرفتنی. معقول 2. ( دروغگو. شیاد ) ماهر. ظاهرفریب

Question 755

(adj) (especially of land or buildings) not used or cared for and in bad condition (n) a person who has no home or money and often lives outside = vagrant (idiom) failing completely to do your duty or perform your obligations ## Footnote 1- مخروبه، متروکه 2- بی خانمان، کارتن خواب 3- کوتاهی کردن

Answer 755

**derelict** derelict land/buildings/sites The canal has been derelict for many years. The land lay derelict for ten years. a partially derelict mill ........................................... derelicts living on the streets ........................................ **derelict in (doing) something** They have been grossly derelict in their duty. She realizes that she's been derelict in her responsibilities as a mother. **(n) dereliction** 1,3

Question 756

**derelict** derelict land/buildings/sites The canal has been derelict for many years. The land lay derelict for ten years. a partially derelict mill ........................................... derelicts living on the streets ........................................ **derelict in (doing) something** They have been grossly derelict in their duty. She realizes that she's been derelict in her responsibilities as a mother. **(n) dereliction** 1,3

Answer 756

(adj) (especially of land or buildings) not used or cared for and in bad condition (n) a person who has no home or money and often lives outside = vagrant (idiom) failing completely to do your duty or perform your obligations ## Footnote 1- مخروبه، متروکه 2- بی خانمان، کارتن خواب 3- کوتاهی کردن

Question 757

گورستان، قبرستان، ارامگاه

Answer 757

**cemetery** = graveyard

Question 758

**cemetery** = graveyard

Answer 758

گورستان، قبرستان، ارامگاه

Question 759

(n) a young plant that has grown from a seed | جوانه یا نهال

Answer 759

**seedling** tomato seedlings Raise the seedlings in the greenhouse

Question 760

**seedling** tomato seedlings Raise the seedlings in the greenhouse

Answer 760

(n) a young plant that has grown from a seed | جوانه یا نهال

Question 761

(v) remove (someone) from a place of danger to a safer place. | تخلیه کردن

Answer 761

**evacuate** **evacuate something** Police evacuated nearby buildings. **evacuate somebody (from…) (to…)** Children were evacuated from London to escape the bombing. Families were evacuated to safer parts of the city. Employees were urged to evacuate their offices immediately. Locals were told to evacuate **(n) evacuation** **(n) evacuee** = ​a person who is sent away from a place because it is dangerous, especially during a war

Question 762

**evacuate** **evacuate something** Police evacuated nearby buildings. **evacuate somebody (from…) (to…)** Children were evacuated from London to escape the bombing. Families were evacuated to safer parts of the city. Employees were urged to evacuate their offices immediately. Locals were told to evacuate **(n) evacuation** **(n) evacuee** = ​a person who is sent away from a place because it is dangerous, especially during a war

Answer 762

(v) remove (someone) from a place of danger to a safer place. | تخلیه کردن

Question 763

(v) to return someone to a healthy or usual condition or way of living, or to return something to good condition (v) to return a building or an area to its previous good condition | توانبخشی کردن، ترمیم یا بازسازی کردن

Answer 763

**rehabilitate** We must do more to rehabilitate young offenders. efforts to treat and rehabilitate drug addicts He played a major role in rehabilitating Magritte as an artist. ............................................... Billions of pounds are being spent on rehabilitating inner-city areas. We need to replace or rehabilitate the bridge. فعل ( verb ) : rehabilitate اسم ( noun ) : rehab / rehabilitation صفت ( adjective ) : rehabilitative قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 764

**rehabilitate** We must do more to rehabilitate young offenders. efforts to treat and rehabilitate drug addicts He played a major role in rehabilitating Magritte as an artist. ............................................... Billions of pounds are being spent on rehabilitating inner-city areas. We need to replace or rehabilitate the bridge. فعل ( verb ) : rehabilitate اسم ( noun ) : rehab / rehabilitation صفت ( adjective ) : rehabilitative قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 764

(v) to return someone to a healthy or usual condition or way of living, or to return something to good condition (v) to return a building or an area to its previous good condition | توانبخشی کردن، ترمیم یا بازسازی کردن

Question 765

(n) an official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aim (n) a unit used for stating the size, quantity or degree of something; a system or a scale of these units (n) a way of judging something (v) to find the size, quantity, etc. of something in standard units (v) to be a particular size, length, amount, etc. (v) to judge the quality, effect, importance, or value of something = assess ## Footnote 1- اقدام، تدابیر 2- اندازه. میزان، معیار اندازه گیری 3- قضاوت 4- اندازه گیری کردن 5- اندازه ای بودن 6- قضاوت یا ارزیابی کردن

Answer 765

**measure** safety/austerity measures a temporary/an emergency measure a series/number/range of measures a package of measures aimed at cutting pollution New security measures were implemented to prevent further violence. **as a… measure** Police in riot gear were in attendance as a precautionary measure. **measure to do something** We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area. The government is introducing tougher measures to combat crime. **measure against something** They are demanding harsher measures against racism. ....................................................... weights and measures The Richter Scale is a measure of ground motion. Which measure of weight do pharmacists use? liquid/dry measure ...................................... **measure of something** an accurate measure of ability Is this test a good measure of reading comprehension? Exam results are only one measure of a school's success. **as a… measure** Companies can use their stock price as a performance measure. ............................................................. "Will the table fit in here?" "I don't know - let's measure it." This machine measures your heart rate. He measured the flour into the bowl. ............................................ The main bedroom measures 12ft by 15ft. The pond measures about 2 metres across. The area, measuring/which measures five kilometres by three kilometres, has been purchased by the army. .............................................................. It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage. The company never measures success in dollars alone. Regular tests are used to measure students' progress. How does a teacher measure performance in music or gym, for example?

Question 766

**measure** safety/austerity measures a temporary/an emergency measure a series/number/range of measures a package of measures aimed at cutting pollution New security measures were implemented to prevent further violence. **as a… measure** Police in riot gear were in attendance as a precautionary measure. **measure to do something** We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area. The government is introducing tougher measures to combat crime. **measure against something** They are demanding harsher measures against racism. ....................................................... weights and measures The Richter Scale is a measure of ground motion. Which measure of weight do pharmacists use? liquid/dry measure ...................................... **measure of something** an accurate measure of ability Is this test a good measure of reading comprehension? Exam results are only one measure of a school's success. **as a… measure** Companies can use their stock price as a performance measure. ............................................................. "Will the table fit in here?" "I don't know - let's measure it." This machine measures your heart rate. He measured the flour into the bowl. ............................................ The main bedroom measures 12ft by 15ft. The pond measures about 2 metres across. The area, measuring/which measures five kilometres by three kilometres, has been purchased by the army. .............................................................. It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage. The company never measures success in dollars alone. Regular tests are used to measure students' progress. How does a teacher measure performance in music or gym, for example?

Answer 766

(n) an official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aim (n) a unit used for stating the size, quantity or degree of something; a system or a scale of these units (n) a way of judging something (v) to find the size, quantity, etc. of something in standard units (v) to be a particular size, length, amount, etc. (v) to judge the quality, effect, importance, or value of something = assess ## Footnote 1- اقدام، تدابیر 2- اندازه. میزان، معیار اندازه گیری 3- قضاوت 4- اندازه گیری کردن 5- اندازه ای بودن 6- قضاوت یا ارزیابی کردن

Question 767

(adj) suitable or safe for eating = eatable | قابل خوردن

Answer 767

**(in)edible** The food at the hotel was barely edible. edible fungi/snails/flowers The vegetables were old but still looked edible **eatable** = good enough to be eaten, but not excellent.

Question 768

**(in)edible** The food at the hotel was barely edible. edible fungi/snails/flowers The vegetables were old but still looked edible **eatable** = good enough to be eaten, but not excellent.

Answer 768

(adj) suitable or safe for eating = eatable | قابل خوردن

Question 769

(v) to make someone feel worried or angry (v) to shake a liquid=stir,whisk (v) to argue energetically, esp. in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change | مضطرب و نگران کردن،تکان دادن و هم زدن

Answer 769

**agitate** I didn't want to agitate her by telling her. ..................................................................... Pour the powder into the solution and agitate it until the powder has dissolved. .............................................. Telephone companies began to agitate for permission to compete in long distance services. The unions continue to agitate for higher pay. As a young man, he had agitated against the Vietnam war. "they agitated for a reversal of the decision" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : agitate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : agitation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : agitated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 770

**agitate** I didn't want to agitate her by telling her. ..................................................................... Pour the powder into the solution and agitate it until the powder has dissolved. .............................................. Telephone companies began to agitate for permission to compete in long distance services. The unions continue to agitate for higher pay. As a young man, he had agitated against the Vietnam war. "they agitated for a reversal of the decision" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : agitate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : agitation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : agitated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 770

(v) to make someone feel worried or angry (v) to shake a liquid=stir,whisk (v) to argue energetically, esp. in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change | مضطرب و نگران کردن،تکان دادن و هم زدن

Question 771

(v) to defend or keep something that you think is right (principle or law) and make sure that it continues to exist (v) (especially of a court of law) to agree that a previous decision was correct or that a request is reasonable ## Footnote 1- ( قانون، حق، عقیده و . . را ) رعایت کردن و پاسداشتن 2- تایید کردن (موافقت با صحیح بودن تصمیم قبلی یا منطقی بودن یک درخواست)

Answer 771

**uphold** We have a duty to uphold the law. The regime has been criticized for failing to uphold human rights. We are determined to uphold the law. ........................................... to uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint Judge Davis upheld the county court's decision. The Supreme Court upheld California’s term limit measure.

Question 772

(v) to defend or keep something that you think is right (principle or law) and make sure that it continues to exist (v) (especially of a court of law) to agree that a previous decision was correct or that a request is reasonable ## Footnote 1- ( قانون، حق، عقیده و . . را ) رعایت کردن و پاسداشتن 2- تایید کردن (موافقت با صحیح بودن تصمیم قبلی یا منطقی بودن یک درخواست)

Answer 772

**uphold** We have a duty to uphold the law. The regime has been criticized for failing to uphold human rights. We are determined to uphold the law. ........................................... to uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint Judge Davis upheld the county court's decision. The Supreme Court upheld California’s term limit measure.

Question 773

(adj) (especially of actions or changes) severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects, often as measures or actions taken to address a problem urgently = extreme | شدید و ناگهانی

Answer 773

**drastic** drastic measures/changes​/actions Many employees have had to take drastic cuts in pay. In the desert there’s a drastic change in temperature from day to night. The government is threatening to take drastic action. a drastic shortage of food a drastic reduction in their standard of living Talk to me before you do anything drastic. **(adv) drastically** .................................................................... **Severe**: This term generally refers to something that is very intense or serious, but not necessarily at the highest possible level. For example, severe weather might include heavy rain and strong winds, but not necessarily the most extreme conditions1. **Extreme**: This denotes the utmost degree of intensity, often used to describe scenarios that are at the maximum or most severe end of a spectrum. For instance, extreme sports involve high risks and intense physical exertion. **Dire**: This term is used to describe situations that are urgent and serious, often with a sense of impending disaster. For example, a dire warning might indicate that immediate action is needed to prevent a catastrophe. **Drastic**: This implies severe and sudden changes, often as measures or actions taken to address a problem urgently. Drastic measures are typically radical and meant to have a significant impact quickly

Question 774

**drastic** drastic measures/changes​/actions Many employees have had to take drastic cuts in pay. In the desert there’s a drastic change in temperature from day to night. The government is threatening to take drastic action. a drastic shortage of food a drastic reduction in their standard of living Talk to me before you do anything drastic. **(adv) drastically** .................................................................... **Severe**: This term generally refers to something that is very intense or serious, but not necessarily at the highest possible level. For example, severe weather might include heavy rain and strong winds, but not necessarily the most extreme conditions1. **Extreme**: This denotes the utmost degree of intensity, often used to describe scenarios that are at the maximum or most severe end of a spectrum. For instance, extreme sports involve high risks and intense physical exertion. **Dire**: This term is used to describe situations that are urgent and serious, often with a sense of impending disaster. For example, a dire warning might indicate that immediate action is needed to prevent a catastrophe. **Drastic**: This implies severe and sudden changes, often as measures or actions taken to address a problem urgently. Drastic measures are typically radical and meant to have a significant impact quickly

Answer 774

(adj) (especially of actions or changes) severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects, often as measures or actions taken to address a problem urgently = extreme | شدید و ناگهانی

Question 775

(v) to take apart a machine or structure so that it is in separate pieces (v) to end an organization or a system gradually in an organized way (v) to show that a claim, statement or explanation is not true or correct: ## Footnote 1- ( ماشین. موتور و غیره ) از هم باز کردن 2- برچیدن. جمع کردن، منحل کردن 3- بی اعتبار کردن یک ادعا، بیانیه یا توضیح

Answer 775

**dismantle** I had to dismantle the engine in order to repair it. The steel mill was dismantled piece by piece. ............................. The government was in the process of dismantling the state-owned industries Over the next three years, we will be gradually dismantling the company and selling off the profitable units. Unions accuse the government of dismantling the National Health Service. ..................................................... If you disagree, then dismantle the argument with some sort of well-argued counter-proposition. You need to sharpen your abilities to dismantle his excuses. **(n) dismantlement**2 **(n) dismantling** 1,2

Question 776

**dismantle** I had to dismantle the engine in order to repair it. The steel mill was dismantled piece by piece. ............................. The government was in the process of dismantling the state-owned industries Over the next three years, we will be gradually dismantling the company and selling off the profitable units. Unions accuse the government of dismantling the National Health Service. ..................................................... If you disagree, then dismantle the argument with some sort of well-argued counter-proposition. You need to sharpen your abilities to dismantle his excuses. **(n) dismantlement**2 **(n) dismantling** 1,2

Answer 776

(v) to take apart a machine or structure so that it is in separate pieces (v) to end an organization or a system gradually in an organized way (v) to show that a claim, statement or explanation is not true or correct: ## Footnote 1- ( ماشین. موتور و غیره ) از هم باز کردن 2- برچیدن. جمع کردن، منحل کردن 3- بی اعتبار کردن یک ادعا، بیانیه یا توضیح

Question 777

چرخ دنده

Answer 777

**cogwheel** به هر یک از دندانه های چرخ دنده میگن cog

Question 778

**cogwheel** به هر یک از دندانه های چرخ دنده میگن cog

Answer 778

چرخ دنده

Question 779

(v) to join pieces of metal together by heating their edges and pressing them together (v) to make people or things join together into a strong and effective group (n) a joint made by welding ## Footnote 1- جوش دادن ( توی جوشکاری) 2- متحد و یکپارچه کردن.

Answer 779

**weld** **weld (something)** to weld a broken axle **weld A (on) (to B)** The car has had a new wing welded on. **weld A and B (together)** All the parts of the sculpture have to be welded together. ...................................................... **weld somebody/something into something** They had welded a bunch of untrained recruits into an efficient fighting force. **weld something together** The crisis helped to weld the party together.

Question 780

**weld** **weld (something)** to weld a broken axle **weld A (on) (to B)** The car has had a new wing welded on. **weld A and B (together)** All the parts of the sculpture have to be welded together. ...................................................... **weld somebody/something into something** They had welded a bunch of untrained recruits into an efficient fighting force. **weld something together** The crisis helped to weld the party together.

Answer 780

(v) to join pieces of metal together by heating their edges and pressing them together (v) to make people or things join together into a strong and effective group (n) a joint made by welding ## Footnote 1- جوش دادن ( توی جوشکاری) 2- متحد و یکپارچه کردن.

Question 781

(v) to remind people of an important event or person from the past with a special action or object; to exist to remind people of a person or an event from the past | گرامی داشتن، بزرگداشت گرفتن، یاد و خاطره کسی یا چیزی را گرامی داشتن

Answer 781

**commemorate** A series of movies will be shown to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of his death. A plaque commemorates the battle. **(n) commemoration** **(adj) commemorative**

Question 782

**commemorate** A series of movies will be shown to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of his death. A plaque commemorates the battle. **(n) commemoration** **(adj) commemorative**

Answer 782

(v) to remind people of an important event or person from the past with a special action or object; to exist to remind people of a person or an event from the past | گرامی داشتن، بزرگداشت گرفتن، یاد و خاطره کسی یا چیزی را گرامی داشتن

Question 783

(adj) (of glass, plastic, etc.) allowing you to see through it (adj ) ​(especially of an excuse, a lie, etc.) that you can easily see is false; allowing you to see the truth easily = obvious (adj) open and honest, without secrets ## Footnote 1- شفاف 2- واضح 3- شفاف (باز و صادقانه و بدون راز)

Answer 783

**transparent** The insect's wings are almost transparent. ..................................................................... a transparent attempt to buy votes a transparent lie/ploy/ruse Am I that transparent? (= are my intentions that obvious?) .................................................. We are committed to being totally transparent about our charges. The charter aims to make the national health service a more transparent and open public corporation. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : transparency صفت ( adjective ) : transparent قید ( adverb ) : transparently

Question 784

**transparent** The insect's wings are almost transparent. ..................................................................... a transparent attempt to buy votes a transparent lie/ploy/ruse Am I that transparent? (= are my intentions that obvious?) .................................................. We are committed to being totally transparent about our charges. The charter aims to make the national health service a more transparent and open public corporation. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : transparency صفت ( adjective ) : transparent قید ( adverb ) : transparently

Answer 784

(adj) (of glass, plastic, etc.) allowing you to see through it (adj ) ​(especially of an excuse, a lie, etc.) that you can easily see is false; allowing you to see the truth easily = obvious (adj) open and honest, without secrets ## Footnote 1- شفاف 2- واضح 3- شفاف (باز و صادقانه و بدون راز)

Question 785

# [](http://) (v) to make something full again by replacing what has been used | دوباره پر کردن - شارژ مجدد کردن

Answer 785

**replenish** **replenish something (with something)** to replenish food and water supplies Allow me to replenish your glass. all creatures need sleep to replenish their energies **(n) replenishment**

Question 786

# [](http://) **replenish** **replenish something (with something)** to replenish food and water supplies Allow me to replenish your glass. all creatures need sleep to replenish their energies **(n) replenishment**

Answer 786

(v) to make something full again by replacing what has been used | دوباره پر کردن - شارژ مجدد کردن

Question 787

(v) to destroy or badly damage something (n) a ship, a car, plane, etc. that has been very badly damaged in an accident ## Footnote 1- خراب کردن، از بین بردن ( معنوی یا مادی ) 2- کشتی یا وسیله نقلیه که به شدت آسیب دیده یا از بین رفته

Answer 787

**wreck** The explosion shattered nearby windows and wrecked two cars. Our greenhouse was wrecked in last night's storm. He has been warned that his behaviour might wreck his chances of promotion. ......................................... They're going to try and raise the wreck from the seabed. Two passengers are still trapped in the wreck. She was pulled from the burning wreck by firefighters. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : wreck ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wreck / wreckage = the parts of a vehicle, building, etc. that remain after it has been badly damaged or destroyed / wrecker ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : wrecked ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 788

**wreck** The explosion shattered nearby windows and wrecked two cars. Our greenhouse was wrecked in last night's storm. He has been warned that his behaviour might wreck his chances of promotion. ......................................... They're going to try and raise the wreck from the seabed. Two passengers are still trapped in the wreck. She was pulled from the burning wreck by firefighters. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : wreck ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wreck / wreckage = the parts of a vehicle, building, etc. that remain after it has been badly damaged or destroyed / wrecker ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : wrecked ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 788

(v) to destroy or badly damage something (n) a ship, a car, plane, etc. that has been very badly damaged in an accident ## Footnote 1- خراب کردن، از بین بردن ( معنوی یا مادی ) 2- کشتی یا وسیله نقلیه که به شدت آسیب دیده یا از بین رفته

Question 789

(n) the solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid | رسوب، ته نشین ، لرد

Answer 789

**sediment** There was a brown sediment in the bottom of the bottle. **(adj) sedimentary** **(n) sedimentation** = ​the process of a layer of sediment being created If milk is clean, there should be no sediment in the bottom of the bottle.

Question 790

**sediment** There was a brown sediment in the bottom of the bottle. **(adj) sedimentary** **(n) sedimentation** = ​the process of a layer of sediment being created If milk is clean, there should be no sediment in the bottom of the bottle.

Answer 790

(n) the solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid | رسوب، ته نشین ، لرد

Question 791

(v) to examine something or someone very carefully in order to discover information | موشکافانه بررسی کردن

Answer 791

**scrutinize** She leaned forward to scrutinize their faces. The statement was carefully scrutinized before publication. He scrutinized the men's faces carefully/closely, trying to work out who was lying. فعل ( verb ) : scrutanize اسم ( noun ) : scrutiny صفت ( adjective ) : scrutable = able to be understood or discovered by careful examination قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 792

**scrutinize** She leaned forward to scrutinize their faces. The statement was carefully scrutinized before publication. He scrutinized the men's faces carefully/closely, trying to work out who was lying. فعل ( verb ) : scrutanize اسم ( noun ) : scrutiny صفت ( adjective ) : scrutable = able to be understood or discovered by careful examination قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 792

(v) to examine something or someone very carefully in order to discover information | موشکافانه بررسی کردن

Question 793

(پیله (کرم ابریشم

Answer 793

**cocoon**

Question 794

**cocoon**

Answer 794

(پیله (کرم ابریشم

Question 795

(adj) very eager for something, especially a lot of food: | حریص، پر خور، سیری ناپذیر

Answer 795

**voracious** He has a voracious appetite (= he eats a lot). He's a voracious reader of historical novels (= he reads a lot of them eagerly and quickly). a voracious eater a boy with a voracious and undiscriminating appetite for facts اسم ( noun ) : voracity صفت ( adjective ) : voracious قید ( adverb ) : voraciously

Question 796

**voracious** He has a voracious appetite (= he eats a lot). He's a voracious reader of historical novels (= he reads a lot of them eagerly and quickly). a voracious eater a boy with a voracious and undiscriminating appetite for facts اسم ( noun ) : voracity صفت ( adjective ) : voracious قید ( adverb ) : voraciously

Answer 796

(adj) very eager for something, especially a lot of food: | حریص، پر خور، سیری ناپذیر

Question 797

(v) (of cows, sheep, etc.) to eat grass that is growing in a field (v) to put cows, sheep, etc. in a field so that they can eat the grass there (v) to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against something rough (v) to touch something lightly while passing it (n) a small injury where the surface of the skin has been slightly broken by rubbing against something (v) to eat small amounts of food many times during the day, often while doing other things, instead of eating three meals ## Footnote 1- چریدن 2- چراندن 3- خراشیدن 4- خراشیدن 5- خراشیدگی، زخم سطحی 6- (عامیانه) به جای سه وعده غذا تمام روز کم کم خوردن

Answer 797

**graze** There were cows grazing beside the river. **graze on something** The horses were grazing on the lush grass. **graze something** The field had been grazed by sheep. ........................................ The land is used by local people to graze their animals. ............................................ I fell and grazed my knee. He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock. ...................................... The bullet grazed his cheek. The bullet only grazed his shoulder. The aircraft's landing gear grazed the treetops as it landed. ............................................... Adam walked away from the crash with just cuts and grazes. I've got a graze on my leg. She suffered only minor grazes in the crash. .......................................... I have this really bad habit of grazing on junk food. Some patients find it better to graze, eating lots of small snacks throughout the day. Grazing is becoming the American way of eating. Food grazing can lead to obesity. **(n) grazier**گله چران **(n) grazing** چراگاه

Question 798

**graze** There were cows grazing beside the river. **graze on something** The horses were grazing on the lush grass. **graze something** The field had been grazed by sheep. ........................................ The land is used by local people to graze their animals. ............................................ I fell and grazed my knee. He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock. ...................................... The bullet grazed his cheek. The bullet only grazed his shoulder. The aircraft's landing gear grazed the treetops as it landed. ............................................... Adam walked away from the crash with just cuts and grazes. I've got a graze on my leg. She suffered only minor grazes in the crash. .......................................... I have this really bad habit of grazing on junk food. Some patients find it better to graze, eating lots of small snacks throughout the day. Grazing is becoming the American way of eating. Food grazing can lead to obesity. **(n) grazier**گله چران **(n) grazing** چراگاه

Answer 798

(v) (of cows, sheep, etc.) to eat grass that is growing in a field (v) to put cows, sheep, etc. in a field so that they can eat the grass there (v) to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against something rough (v) to touch something lightly while passing it (n) a small injury where the surface of the skin has been slightly broken by rubbing against something (v) to eat small amounts of food many times during the day, often while doing other things, instead of eating three meals ## Footnote 1- چریدن 2- چراندن 3- خراشیدن 4- خراشیدن 5- خراشیدگی، زخم سطحی 6- (عامیانه) به جای سه وعده غذا تمام روز کم کم خوردن

Question 799

(n) a person who is watching an event, especially a sports event | تماشاچی،بیننده،تماشاگر

Answer 799

**spectator** The new football stadium will hold 75 000 spectators. Thousands of spectators lined the route of the royal procession. They won 4–0 in front of over 40,000 cheering spectators. **(v) spectate** تماشاچی بودن

Question 800

**spectator** The new football stadium will hold 75 000 spectators. Thousands of spectators lined the route of the royal procession. They won 4–0 in front of over 40,000 cheering spectators. **(v) spectate** تماشاچی بودن

Answer 800

(n) a person who is watching an event, especially a sports event | تماشاچی،بیننده،تماشاگر

Question 801

(v) to protect something with a material that prevents heat, sound, electricity, etc. from passing through (v, chiefly passive) to protect somebody/something from unpleasant experiences or influences = shield ## Footnote 1. عایق کردن ( روکش کردن ) 2. معنای مشابه به بالایی را دارد: محافظت کردن ، مصون نگه داشتن، دور نگاه داشتن از تجربیات یا تأثیرات ناخوشایند

Answer 801

**insulate** **insulate something (from/against something)** Home owners are being encouraged to insulate their homes to save energy. The hot water tank should be insulated with proper insulating materials. You can insulate a house against heat loss by having the windows double-glazed. ......................................................... **be insulated from** Children should be insulated from the horrors of war. Until recently the country's economy has been insulated from recession by its reserves of raw materials. Until now the industry has been insulated from economic realities. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : insulate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : insulation / insulator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : insulating / insulated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 802

**insulate** **insulate something (from/against something)** Home owners are being encouraged to insulate their homes to save energy. The hot water tank should be insulated with proper insulating materials. You can insulate a house against heat loss by having the windows double-glazed. ......................................................... **be insulated from** Children should be insulated from the horrors of war. Until recently the country's economy has been insulated from recession by its reserves of raw materials. Until now the industry has been insulated from economic realities. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : insulate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : insulation / insulator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : insulating / insulated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 802

(v) to protect something with a material that prevents heat, sound, electricity, etc. from passing through (v, chiefly passive) to protect somebody/something from unpleasant experiences or influences = shield ## Footnote 1. عایق کردن ( روکش کردن ) 2. معنای مشابه به بالایی را دارد: محافظت کردن ، مصون نگه داشتن، دور نگاه داشتن از تجربیات یا تأثیرات ناخوشایند

Question 803

(adj) able to float or able to keep things floating (adj) happy and confident: (adj) successful or making a profit: ## Footnote 1- شناور 2- شاد. شنگول. سرزنده 3- پر رونق. فعال

Answer 803

**buoyant** Cork is light and buoyant. The boat bobbed like a cork on the waves: light and buoyant. Salt water is more buoyant than fresh water. ......................... After reading the letter he was in a buoyant mood. ................................. The housing market remains buoyant. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : buoy123 ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : buoyancy 123/ buoy = a floating object on the top of the sea, used for directing ships and warning them of possible danger ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : buoyant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : buoyantly

Question 804

**buoyant** Cork is light and buoyant. The boat bobbed like a cork on the waves: light and buoyant. Salt water is more buoyant than fresh water. ......................... After reading the letter he was in a buoyant mood. ................................. The housing market remains buoyant. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : buoy123 ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : buoyancy 123/ buoy = a floating object on the top of the sea, used for directing ships and warning them of possible danger ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : buoyant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : buoyantly

Answer 804

(adj) able to float or able to keep things floating (adj) happy and confident: (adj) successful or making a profit: ## Footnote 1- شناور 2- شاد. شنگول. سرزنده 3- پر رونق. فعال

Question 805

(adj) connected with heat (adj) (of clothing) designed to keep you warm by preventing heat from escaping from the (n) a large column of hot air rising from the ground: (n) clothes made of a material that is especially designed to keep you warm, especially those that are worn under other clothes ## Footnote 1- حرارتی. گرمایی 2- گرم (لباس) 3- ستون بزرگی از هوای گرم که از زمین بلند می شود 4- لباس گرم

Answer 805

**thermal** thermal energy thermal conductivity (= ability of a substance to carry heat) It was the Romans who first recognized the medicinal benefits of Hungary's thermal springs (= ones which produce hot water). ................... Typical layers can include thermal underwear, a sweater or sweatshirt, a jacket, snow pants, a scarf, a hat, two pairs of warm socks, boots, and gloves. Many passengers slept in the airport overnight with emergency thermal blankets. I was wearing a long-sleeved thermal vest under my jumper. ......................................... Paragliders can catch rides on these currents, hopping from thermal to thermal and covering many miles in a single day.. The birds are magnificent fliers, capable of riding thermals for miles, like a glider. ........................................ It'll be really cold so remember to bring your thermals. I'm okay - I have my thermals on. You'll need your thermals. You'll need several layers, starting with thermals.

Question 806

**thermal** thermal energy thermal conductivity (= ability of a substance to carry heat) It was the Romans who first recognized the medicinal benefits of Hungary's thermal springs (= ones which produce hot water). ................... Typical layers can include thermal underwear, a sweater or sweatshirt, a jacket, snow pants, a scarf, a hat, two pairs of warm socks, boots, and gloves. Many passengers slept in the airport overnight with emergency thermal blankets. I was wearing a long-sleeved thermal vest under my jumper. ......................................... Paragliders can catch rides on these currents, hopping from thermal to thermal and covering many miles in a single day.. The birds are magnificent fliers, capable of riding thermals for miles, like a glider. ........................................ It'll be really cold so remember to bring your thermals. I'm okay - I have my thermals on. You'll need your thermals. You'll need several layers, starting with thermals.

Answer 806

(adj) connected with heat (adj) (of clothing) designed to keep you warm by preventing heat from escaping from the (n) a large column of hot air rising from the ground: (n) clothes made of a material that is especially designed to keep you warm, especially those that are worn under other clothes

Question 807

(v) to officially charge somebody with a crime in court (v) to be a lawyer in a court case for a person or an organization that is charging somebody with a crime ## Footnote 1- تحت پیگرد قانونی قرار دادن 2- وکالت شاکی را به عهده داشتن ، وکیل شاکی بودن

Answer 807

**prosecute** The police decided not to prosecute. prosecute somebody/something Trespassers will be prosecuted (= a notice telling people to keep out of a particular area). prosecute somebody/something for (doing) something The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. .......................... the prosecuting counsel/lawyer/attorney James Spencer, prosecuting, claimed that the witness was lying. **prosecuted** **prosecuting** **prosecution** **prosecutor**

Question 808

**prosecute** The police decided not to prosecute. prosecute somebody/something Trespassers will be prosecuted (= a notice telling people to keep out of a particular area). prosecute somebody/something for (doing) something The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. .......................... the prosecuting counsel/lawyer/attorney James Spencer, prosecuting, claimed that the witness was lying. **prosecuted** **prosecuting** **prosecution** **prosecutor**

Answer 808

(v) to officially charge somebody with a crime in court (v) to be a lawyer in a court case for a person or an organization that is charging somebody with a crime ** ## Footnote 1- تحت پیگرد قانونی قرار دادن 2- وکالت شاکی را به عهده داشتن ، وکیل شاکی بودن

Question 809

(adj) (of a substance) that changes easily into a gas (adj) (often disapproving) (of a person or their moods) changing easily from one mood to another = moody (adj) (of a situation) likely to change suddenly; easily becoming dangerous = unstable ## Footnote 1- {مایعات} فرار 2- دمدمی مزاج و بی ثبات

Answer 809

**volatile** Petrol is a volatile substance. ................................ a highly volatile personality ...................... This is a highly volatile situation from which riots might develop. Exporting the product was difficult due to a volatile exchange rate. a potentially volatile situation ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : volatility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : volatile ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 810

**volatile** Petrol is a volatile substance. ................................ a highly volatile personality ...................... This is a highly volatile situation from which riots might develop. Exporting the product was difficult due to a volatile exchange rate. a potentially volatile situation ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : volatility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : volatile ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 810

(adj) (of a substance) that changes easily into a gas (adj) (often disapproving) (of a person or their moods) changing easily from one mood to another = moody (adj) (of a situation) likely to change suddenly; easily becoming dangerous = unstable ## Footnote 1- {مایعات} فرار 2- دمدمی مزاج و بی ثبات 3- بی ثبات (وضعیت)

Question 811

(v) to make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad = alleviate | کاهش دادن (اثرات یا چیزهای بد)

Answer 811

**mitigate** It is unclear how to **mitigate the effects of** tourism on the island. action to mitigate poverty Soil erosion was mitigated by the planting of trees. Getting a lot of sleep and drinking plenty of fluids can mitigate the effects of the flu. فعل ( verb ) : mitigate اسم ( noun ) : mitigation صفت ( adjective ) : mitigating قید ( adverb ) : _

Question 813

**mitigate** It is unclear how to **mitigate the effects of** tourism on the island. action to mitigate poverty Soil erosion was mitigated by the planting of trees. Getting a lot of sleep and drinking plenty of fluids can mitigate the effects of the flu. فعل ( verb ) : mitigate اسم ( noun ) : mitigation صفت ( adjective ) : mitigating قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 813

(v) to make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad = alleviate | کاهش دادن (اثرات یا چیزهای بد)