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barons Flashcards

1
Q

(adj) allowed

مجاز

A

permissible
Is it permissible to park my car here?
a permissible level for vehicle exhaust emissions

فعل ( verb ) : permit
اسم ( noun ) : permission / permissiveness / permit
صفت ( adjective ) : permissive / permissible
قید ( adverb ) : _

=allowed

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2
Q

permissible
Is it permissible to park my car here?
a permissible level for vehicle exhaust emissions

فعل ( verb ) : permit
اسم ( noun ) : permission / permissiveness / permit
صفت ( adjective ) : permissive / permissible
قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(adj) allowed

مجاز

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3
Q

(v) officially allow (someone) to do something.
(v) to make something possible
(n) an official document that allows you to do something or go somewhere

اجازه دادن،مجوز

A

permit
The regulations do not permit much flexibility.
[ + -ing verb ] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.
[ + obj + to infinitive ] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne.
formal The law permits of no other interpretation.
………………………………………………………………..
The Chancellor is looking to lower interest rates, when economic conditions permit.
We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather permitting (= if the weather is good enough).

=allow

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4
Q

permit
The regulations do not permit much flexibility.
[ + -ing verb ] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.
[ + obj + to infinitive ] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne.
formal The law permits of no other interpretation.
………………………………………………………………..
The Chancellor is looking to lower interest rates, when economic conditions permit.
We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather permitting (= if the weather is good enough).

A

(v) officially allow (someone) to do something.
(v) to make something possible
(n) an official document that allows you to do something or go somewhere

اجازه دادن،مجوز

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5
Q

(n) public approval and praise
(v) to give public approval and praise

تحسین (کردن)

A

acclaim
she has won acclaim for her commitment to democracy
…………………………………………………..
the conference was acclaimed as a considerable success

فعل ( verb ) : acclaim
اسم ( noun ) : acclaim / acclamation
صفت ( adjective ) : acclaimed
قید ( adverb ) : _

=praise, approve or approval, applaud or applause

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6
Q

acclaim
she has won acclaim for her commitment to democracy
…………………………………………………..
the conference was acclaimed as a considerable success

فعل ( verb ) : acclaim
اسم ( noun ) : acclaim / acclamation
صفت ( adjective ) : acclaimed
قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(n) public approval and praise
(v) to give public approval and praise

تحسین (کردن)

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7
Q

(n) the action or sound made by a number of people clapping their hands repeatedly to show their enjoyment or approval, esp. of a performance or speech

تشویق و تمجید

A

applause
they gave him a round of applause

✅ فعل ( verb ) : applaud
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : applause
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : applaudable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _
…………………………………………
applaud
to show enjoyment or approval of something such as a performance or speech by clapping the hands repeatedly to make a noise

=clapping, cheering

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8
Q

applause
they gave him a round of applause

✅ فعل ( verb ) : applaud
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : applause
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : applaudable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _
…………………………………………
applaud
to show enjoyment or approval of something such as a performance or speech by clapping the hands repeatedly to make a noise

A

(n) the action or sound made by a number of people clapping their hands repeatedly to show their enjoyment or approval, esp. of a performance or speech

تشویق و تمجید

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9
Q

(n) a difficult or unpleasant situation or event

ناملایمات و سختی ها

A

adversity
The road to happiness is paved with adversities
resilience in the face of adversity

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : adversity / adversary=حریف(دشمن یا رقیب)
صفت ( adjective ) : adverse = نامطلوب
قید ( adverb ) : adversely

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10
Q

adversity
The road to happiness is paved with adversities
resilience in the face of adversity

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : adversity / adversary=؟
صفت ( adjective ) : adverse = ؟
قید ( adverb ) : adversely

A

(n) a difficult or unpleasant situation or event

ناملایمات و سختی ها

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11
Q

(adj)(of a country or region) having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs (independent and having the power to make decisions for yourself)

خود مختار

A

autonomous
the federation included sixteen autonomous republics
The company’s divisions, which have been largely autonomous up to now, will be centralized under the newly appointed CEO.
The country now has 17 autonomous regions, each with a distinct culture.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : autonomy=خودمختاری
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : autonomous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : autonomously

=independent

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12
Q

autonomous
the federation included sixteen autonomous republics
The company’s divisions, which have been largely autonomous up to now, will be centralized under the newly appointed CEO.
The country now has 17 autonomous regions, each with a distinct culture.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : autonomy=خودمختاری
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : autonomous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : autonomously

A

(adj)(of a country or region) having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs (independent and having the power to make decisions for yourself)

خود مختار

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13
Q

(adj) causing problems and preventing something from continuing in its usual way

مخرب یا مختل کننده

A

disruptive
disruptive social changes
The teacher said disruptive behavior would not be tolerated.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : disrupt = مختل کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : disruption اختلال
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : disruptive مخرب یا مختل کننده
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : disruptively

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14
Q

disruptive
disruptive social changes
The teacher said disruptive behavior would not be tolerated.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : disrupt
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : disruption
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : disruptive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : disruptively

A

(adj) causing problems and preventing something from continuing in its usual way

مخرب یا مختل کننده

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15
Q

(v) to prevent something, esp. a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected

مختل کردن

A

disrupt
A heavy fall of snow disrupted traffic during the rush hour.
The meeting was disrupted by a group of protesters who shouted and threw fruit at the speaker.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : disrupt = مختل کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : disruption اختلال
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : disruptive مخرب یا مختل کننده
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : disruptively

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16
Q

disrupt
A heavy fall of snow disrupted traffic during the rush hour.
The meeting was disrupted by a group of protesters who shouted and threw fruit at the speaker.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : disrupt
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : disruption
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : disruptive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : disruptively

A

(v) to prevent something, esp. a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected

مختل کردن

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17
Q

(v) to stop someone from speaking by saying or doing something, or to cause an activity or event to stop briefly
1. to stop a person from speaking for a short period by something you say or do
2. to stop something from happening for a short period:

مزاحم شدن و قطع کردن صحبت کسی یا یک فعالیت یا رویدادی

A

interrupt
She tried to explain what had happened but he kept interrupting her.
I wish you’d stop interrupting.
Please don’t interrupt until I’m finished.
……………………
We had to interrupt our trip when we heard John’s mother had had an accident.
The picnic was interrupted by a rain shower.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : interrupt
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : interruption / interrupter
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) :
✅️ قید ( adverb ) :

=disturb

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18
Q

interrupt
She tried to explain what had happened but he kept interrupting her.
I wish you’d stop interrupting.
Please don’t interrupt until I’m finished.
……………………
We had to interrupt our trip when we heard John’s mother had had an accident.
The picnic was interrupted by a rain shower.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : interrupt
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : interruption
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : disruptive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : disruptively

A

(v) to stop someone from speaking by saying or doing something, or to cause an activity or event to stop briefly
1. to stop a person from speaking for a short period by something you say or do
2. to stop something from happening for a short period:

مزاحم شدن و قطع کردن صحبت کسی یا یک فعالیت یا رویدادی

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19
Q

(v) to cause someone to stop what the person is doing, or to interrupt an activity:
(v) to cause someone to feel troubled or upset:
(v) to move or change something from its usual position or arrangement:

مزاحم شدن، ناراحت و آزرده کردن

A

disturb
Please don’t disturb Jimmy – he’s trying to do his homework.
…………………………
This year’s election campaign has disturbed a lot of voters who don’t like either candidate.
……………………………………….
take the rollers out carefully so as not to disturb the curls too much

فعل ( verb ) : disturb
اسم ( noun ) : disturbance
صفت ( adjective ) : disturbing
قید ( adverb ) : disturbingly

= interrupt

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20
Q

disturb
Please don’t disturb Jimmy – he’s trying to do his homework.
…………………………
This year’s election campaign has disturbed a lot of voters who don’t like either candidate.
……………………………………….
take the rollers out carefully so as not to disturb the curls too much

فعل ( verb ) : disturb
اسم ( noun ) : disturbance
صفت ( adjective ) : disturbing
قید ( adverb ) : disturbingly

A

(v) to cause someone to stop what the person is doing, or to interrupt an activity:
(v) to cause someone to feel troubled or upset:
(v) to move or change something from its usual position or arrangement:

مزاحم شدن، ناراحت و آزرده کردن

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21
Q

(adj) lacking order or purpose; not planned(not having an obvious order or plan)

بدون قاعده

A

haphazard
He tackled the problem in a typically haphazard manner.
the music business works in a haphazard fashion
This has proved possible in the past, but on a somewhat haphazard basis.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : haphazardness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : haphazard
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : haphazardly

= random-unplanned-unsystematic-irregular-chaotic-arbitrary

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22
Q

haphazard
He tackled the problem in a typically haphazard manner.
the music business works in a haphazard fashion
This has proved possible in the past, but on a somewhat haphazard basis.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : haphazardness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : haphazard
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : haphazardly

A

(adj) lacking order or purpose; not planned(not having an obvious order or plan)

بدون قاعده

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23
Q

(adj) based on random choice or personal desire or idea, rather than any reason or system.

اتفاقی یا اختیاری برپایه ترجیح فردی

A

arbitrary
Her outfit was an arbitrary choice but was just perfect.
Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary?
That percentages of air being used add up to one unit of air is purely arbitrary.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : arbitrariness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : arbitrary
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : arbitrarily

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24
Q

arbitrary
Her outfit was an arbitrary choice but was just perfect.
Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary?
That percentages of air being used add up to one unit of air is purely arbitrary.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : arbitrariness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : arbitrary
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : arbitrarily

A

(adj) based on random choice or personal desire or idea, rather than any reason or system.

اتفاقی یا اختیاری برپایه ترجیح فردی

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25
Q

(n) the arrival of a notable person or thing.

ظهور

A

advent
Life was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.
Transportation was transformed by the advent of the internal combustion engine.

= arrivalوappearanceوemergence, rise

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26
Q

advent
Life was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.
Transportation was transformed by the advent of the internal combustion engine.

A

(n) the arrival of a notable person or thing.

ظهور

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27
Q

(adj) able to move quickly and easily.

چابک

A

agile
Monkeys are very agile climbers.
You need to have agile fingers to do this kind of work

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : agileness/ agility
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : agile
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : agilely

=nimble

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28
Q

agile
Monkeys are very agile climbers.
You need to have agile fingers to do this kind of work

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : agile​ness/ agility
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : agile
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : agilely

چابک

A

(adj) able to move quickly and easily.

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29
Q

(adj) quick and exact either in movement or thoughts; agile

تیز و چابک (در فکر کردن یا حرکت)

A

nimble
with a deft motion of her nimble fingers
His nimble mind calculated the answer before I could key the numbers into my computer.
He tried to catch his friend, but she was too nimble.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : nimbleness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : nimble
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : nimbly

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30
Q

nimble
with a deft motion of her nimble fingers
His nimble mind calculated the answer before I could key the numbers into my computer.
He tried to catch his friend, but she was too nimble.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : nimbleness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : nimble
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : nimbly

A

(adj) quick and exact either in movement or thoughts; agile

تیز و چابک (در فکر کردن یا حرکت)

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31
Q

(adj) attractive or exciting

جذاب

A

alluring
I didn’t find the prospect of a house with no electricity very alluring.
She was wearing a most alluring dress at Sam’s dinner party.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : allure جذب کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : allure جذابیت
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : alluring
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : alluringly

=appealing, attractive

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32
Q

alluring
I didn’t find the prospect of a house with no electricity very alluring.
She was wearing a most alluring dress at Sam’s dinner party.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : allure
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : allure
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : alluring
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : alluringly

A

(adj) attractive or exciting

جذاب

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33
Q

(adj) known or talked about by many people; famous.

مشهور

A

renowned
The region is renowned for its outstanding natural beauty.
Marco Polo is a renowned explorer/is renowned as an explorer.

(n) renown =fame شهرت

=famous

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34
Q

renowned
The region is renowned for its outstanding natural beauty.
Marco Polo is a renowned explorer/is renowned as an explorer.

(n) renown

A

(adj) known or talked about by many people; famous.

مشهور

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35
Q

(v) to avoid something, especially cleverly or illegally, by going around it= bypass

دور زدنِ ( یک قانون، یک مشکل، یک مسیر، . . . )

A

circumvent
Ships were registered abroad to circumvent employment and safety regulations.
Young people still want to circumvent their parents’ control.

(n) circumvention

=avoid, get round, evade, bypass

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36
Q

circumvent
Ships were registered abroad to circumvent employment and safety regulations.
Young people still want to circumvent their parents’ control.

(n) circumvention

A

(v) to avoid something, especially cleverly or illegally, by going around it= bypass

دور زدنِ ( یک قانون، یک مشکل، یک مسیر، . . . )

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37
Q

(v) distribute or give out ( products, services, information, or amounts of money ) to a number of people.

توزیع کردن

A

dispense
There is a vending machine on the platform that dispenses snacks.
Is there a tourism agency that dispenses city maps?
This gasoline pump is capable of dispensing eight blends of gasoline.

dispenser = a machine or container that you can get something from

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38
Q

dispense
There is a vending machine on the platform that dispenses snacks.
Is there a tourism agency that dispenses city maps?
This gasoline pump is capable of dispensing eight blends of gasoline.

dispenser

A

(v) distribute or give out ( products, services, information, or amounts of money ) to a number of people.

توزیع کردن

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39
Q

(n) weakness(physical or moral) and lack of health or strength

ضعف

A

frailty
Though ill for most of her life, physical frailty never stopped her from working.
the increasing frailty of old age
human frailties such as selfishness and greed

(adj) frail

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40
Q

frailty
Though ill for most of her life, physical frailty never stopped her from working.
the increasing frailty of old age
human frailties such as selfishness and greed

(adj) frail

A

(n) weakness(physical or moral) and lack of health or strength

ضعف

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41
Q

heyday
In their heyday, they sold as many records as all the other groups in the country put together.
the paper has lost millions of readers since its heyday in 1964

A

(n) a high point of success or abundance

دوران اوج

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42
Q

(n) a high point of success or abundance

دوران اوج

A

heyday
In their heyday, they sold as many records as all the other groups in the country put together.
the paper has lost millions of readers since its heyday in 1964

= prime, peak, height, high point, high spot, pinnacle

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43
Q

(n) the most successful or admired part of a system or achievement

اوج

A

pinnacle
By the age of 32 she had reached the pinnacle of her career.
The Olympics represent the pinnacle of athletic achievement.

= prime, peak, height, high point, high spot, hayday

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44
Q

pinnacle
By the age of 32 she had reached the pinnacle of her career.
The Olympics represent the pinnacle of athletic achievement.

A

(n) the most successful or admired part of a system or achievement

اوج

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45
Q

(v) to find out sth=discover
(v) to make certain of something

فهمیدن و کشف کردن - اطمینان حاصل کردن

A

ascertain
The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion.

………………………………………
I ascertained that no one could overhear us before I told Otto the news.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : ascertain
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ascertainment
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ascertainable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ascertainably

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46
Q

ascertain
The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion.
………………………………………
I ascertained that no one could overhear us before I told Otto the news.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : ascertain
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ascertainment
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ascertainable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ascertainably

A

(v) to find out sth=discover
(v) to make certain of something

فهمیدن و کشف کردن - اطمینان حاصل کردن

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47
Q

(v) to increase, esp. an emotion or effect
1. make or become more intense.
1. make (something) higher.

افزایش دادن شدت احساسات یا اثر- افزایش دادن ارتفاع

A

heighten
the pleasure was heightened by the sense of guilt that accompanied it
……………………….
the stage will be extended, heightening the grid by 3.4 metres

✅ فعل ( verb ) : heighten
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : height / high
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : high / heightened
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : highly / high

= intensify

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48
Q

heighten
the pleasure was heightened by the sense of guilt that accompanied it
……………………….
the stage will be extended, heightening the grid by 3.4 metres

✅ فعل ( verb ) : heighten
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : height / high
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : high / heightened
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : highly / high

A

(v) to increase, esp. an emotion or effect
1. make or become more intense.
1. make (something) higher.

افزایش دادن شدت احساسات یا اثر- افزایش دادن ارتفاع

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49
Q

(n) a suggestion or an offer or a statement for consideration, usually in business or politics

A

proposition
The chairman was advised that it was a risky business proposition.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : propose
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : proposal / proposition
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : proposed
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

……………………………………….
Proposition is a better choice when talking about an offer, one that will be either accepted or rejected.
Proposal is a better choice when talking about a well-developed plan, most likely written.

= suggestion, offer

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50
Q

proposition
The chairman was advised that it was a risky business proposition.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : propose
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : proposal / proposition
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : proposed
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

……………………………………….
Proposition is a better choice when talking about an offer, one that will be either accepted or rejected.
Proposal is a better choice when talking about a well-developed plan, most likely written.

A

(n) a suggestion or an offer or a statement for consideration, usually in business or politics

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51
Q

(v) to give new life, energy, activity, or success to something

احیا کردن

A

revitalize
Japanese investment has revitalized this part of Britain.
revitalize an economy/industry/business/ city/an area

= restore, revive

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52
Q

revitalize
Japanese investment has revitalized this part of Britain.
revitalize an economy/industry/business/ city/an area

A

(v) to give new life, energy, activity, or success to something

احیا کردن

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53
Q

(n) a fundamental element or principal part of somthing, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade
(adj) main or most important, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade

جزء اصلی(به خصوص راجب محصولاتی مصرفی مثل غذا یا در تجارت) - اصلی

A

staple
bread, milk, and other staples
rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy
Shortages mean that even staples (= basic foods) like bread are difficult to find.
Phosphate has been a staple of this area for many years.
Romantic fiction and reference books are a staple of many public libraries.
……………………………………………………..
the staple foods of the poor
rice was the staple crop grown in most villages
The staple diet here is mutton, fish and boiled potatoes.
Prices of staple foods such as wheat and vegetables have also been increasing.

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54
Q

staple
bread, milk, and other staples
rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy
Shortages mean that even staples (= basic foods) like bread are difficult to find.
Phosphate has been a staple of this area for many years.
Romantic fiction and reference books are a staple of many public libraries.
……………………………………………………..
the staple foods of the poor
rice was the staple crop grown in most villages
The staple diet here is mutton, fish and boiled potatoes.
Prices of staple foods such as wheat and vegetables have also been increasing.

A

(n) a fundamental element or principal part of somthing, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade
(adj) main or most important, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade

جزء اصلی(به خصوص راجب محصولاتی مصرفی مثل غذا یا در تجارت) - اصلی

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55
Q

(adj) characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm.

آشفته و پرتلاطم

A

turbulent
His book discusses the turbulent years of the civil rights struggle.
The ocean was too turbulent for us to be able to take the boat out.
This has been a turbulent week for the administration

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : turbulence
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : turbulent
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : turbulently

= chaotic

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56
Q

turbulent
His book discusses the turbulent years of the civil rights struggle.
The ocean was too turbulent for us to be able to take the boat out.
This has been a turbulent week for the administration

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : turbulence
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : turbulent
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : turbulently

A

(adj) characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm.

آشفته و پرتلاطم

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57
Q

(adj) in a state of complete confusion and disorder

بی نظم و پرهرج ومرج

A

chaotic
The house is a bit chaotic at the moment - we’ve got all these extra people staying and we’re still decorating.
He’s a chaotic sort of a person - always trying to do twenty things at once.
the political situation was chaotic

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : chaos
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : chaotic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : chaotically

= turbulent, dissordered

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58
Q

chaotic
The house is a bit chaotic at the moment - we’ve got all these extra people staying and we’re still decorating.
He’s a chaotic sort of a person - always trying to do twenty things at once.
the political situation was chaotic

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : chaos
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : chaotic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : chaotically

A

(adj) in a state of complete confusion and disorder

بی نظم و پرهرج ومرج

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59
Q

(adj) absolutely necessary ( sth or sb that you could not manage without)

ضروری

A

indispensable
he made himself indispensable to the parish priest
This book is an indispensable resource for researchers.
His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.

= essential, crucial, necessary, key, vital

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60
Q

indispensable
he made himself indispensable to the parish priest
This book is an indispensable resource for researchers.
His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.

A

(adj) absolutely necessary ( sth or sb that you could not manage without)

ضروری

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61
Q

باهوش
(داشتن یا نشان دادن توانایی برای ارزیابی دقیق موقعیت ها یا افراد و تبدیل آن به نفع خود)

A

astute
an astute investor/businesswoman

= perceptive

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62
Q

astute
an astute investor/businesswoman

A

باهوش
(داشتن یا نشان دادن توانایی برای ارزیابی دقیق موقعیت ها یا افراد و تبدیل آن به نفع خود)

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63
Q

(adj) very good at noticing and understanding things that many people do not notice

تیز و نکته بین

A

perceptive
Her books are full of perceptive insights into the human condition.
an extraordinarily perceptive account of their relationship
فعل ( verb ) : perceive
اسم ( noun ) : perception / perceptiveness
صفت ( adjective ) : perceptive / perceptible
قید ( adverb ) : perceptively / perceptibly

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64
Q

perceptive
Her books are full of perceptive insights into the human condition.
an extraordinarily perceptive account of their relationship
فعل ( verb ) : perceive
اسم ( noun ) : perception / perceptiveness
صفت ( adjective ) : perceptive / perceptible
قید ( adverb ) : perceptively / perceptibly

A

(adj) very good at noticing and understanding things that many people do not notice

تیز و نکته بین

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65
Q

(v) be of the same opinion; agree.
(v) happen or occur at the same time; coincide

همسو بودن از نظر فکری، هم زمان بودن

A

concur
the authors concurred with the majority
………………….
in tests, cytogenetic determination has been found to concur with enzymatic determination

✅ فعل ( verb ) : concur
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : concurrence / concurrency
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : concurrent
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : concurrently

=agree / = concide, be simultaneous

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66
Q

concur
the authors concurred with the majority
………………….
in tests, cytogenetic determination has been found to concur with enzymatic determination

✅ فعل ( verb ) : concur
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : concurrence / concurrency
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : concurrent
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : concurrently

A

(v) be of the same opinion; agree.
(v) happen or occur at the same time; coincide

همسو بودن از نظر فکری، هم زمان بودن

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67
Q

(adj) giving an appearance or impression different from the true one; misleading.

فریبنده و گول زننده و گمراه کننده

A

deceptive
It’s deceptive - from the outside the building looks small, but inside it’s very big.
he put the question with deceptive casualness

فعل ( verb ) : deceive
اسم ( noun ) : deception
صفت ( adjective ) : deceptive
قید ( adverb ) : deceptively

= misleading

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68
Q

deceptive
It’s deceptive - from the outside the building looks small, but inside it’s very big.
he put the question with deceptive casualness

فعل ( verb ) : deceive
اسم ( noun ) : deception
صفت ( adjective ) : deceptive
قید ( adverb ) : deceptively

A

(adj) giving an appearance or impression different from the true one; misleading.

فریبنده و گول زننده و گمراه کننده

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69
Q

(v) appoint (someone) to a specified office or post, or to state that something has a particular character or purpose

به صورت رسمی کسی رو برای انجام کاری انتخاب کردن، تعیین کردن، برگزیدن، منصوب کردن، گماردن

A

designate
Traditionally, the president designates his or her successor.
be designated as
Thompson has been designated as team captain.
designate someone something
Time magazine designated him one of the world’s most influential people.
be designated to
He was designated to be the unit’s English translator.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : designate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : designation / designator
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : designated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

= assign, appoint

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70
Q

designate
Traditionally, the president designates his or her successor.
be designated as
Thompson has been designated as team captain.
designate someone something
Time magazine designated him one of the world’s most influential people.
be designated to
He was designated to be the unit’s English translator.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : designate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : designation / designator
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : designated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) appoint (someone) to a specified office or post, or to state that something has a particular character or purpose

به صورت رسمی کسی رو برای انجام کاری انتخاب کردن، تعیین کردن، برگزیدن، منصوب کردن، گماردن

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71
Q

(adj) determined in character, action, or ideas (admirably purposeful, determined, and unwavering.)

مصمم و راسخ

A

resolute
Their resolute opposition to new working methods was difficult to overcome.
She’s utterly resolute in her refusal to apologize.
I admired her resolute optimism in those difficult times.
(n) resoluteness

= determined, purposeful

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72
Q

resolute
Their resolute opposition to new working methods was difficult to overcome.
She’s utterly resolute in her refusal to apologize.
I admired her resolute optimism in those difficult times.
(n) resoluteness

A

(adj) determined in character, action, or ideas (admirably purposeful, determined, and unwavering.)

مصمم و راسخ

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73
Q

(v) to get or draw out information, reactionan , answer, or fact

A

elicit
Have you managed to elicit a response from them yet?
The questionnaire was intended to elicit information on eating habits.
They were able to elicit the support of the public.
(n) elicitation

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74
Q

elicit
Have you managed to elicit a response from them yet?
The questionnaire was intended to elicit information on eating habits.
They were able to elicit the support of the public.
(n) elicitation

A

(v) to get or draw out information, reactionan , answer, or fact

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75
Q

(v) to have and show particular qualities or ideas; represent
(v) to include as part of something

سمبل و مظهر چیزی بودن - گنجاندن

A

embody
a national team that embodies competitive spirit and skill
She embodied good sportsmanship on the playing field.
……………………………………………….
the changes in law embodied in the Children Act
Kennett embodied in one man an unusual range of science, music, and religion.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : embody
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : embodiment
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

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76
Q

embody
a national team that embodies competitive spirit and skill
She embodied good sportsmanship on the playing field.
……………………………………………….
the changes in law embodied in the Children Act
Kennett embodied in one man an unusual range of science, music, and religion.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : embody
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : embodiment
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to have and show particular qualities or ideas; represent
(v) to include as part of something

سمبل و مظهر چیزی بودن - گنجاندن

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77
Q

exemplify
This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time.
American fashion is exemplified by jeans and T-shirts.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : exemplify
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : example / exemplar / exemplification
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exemplary
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exemplarily

A

(v) to be or give a typical example of something

نمونه ای از چیزی بودن

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78
Q

(v) to be or give a typical example of something

نمونه ای از چیزی بودن

A

exemplify
This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time.
American fashion is exemplified by jeans and T-shirts.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : exemplify
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : example / exemplar / exemplification
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exemplary
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exemplarily

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79
Q

(v) to cause or initiate an event or situation to happen, specially a conflict or argument, by making a set of actions

برانگیختن و تحریک کردن

A

instigate
they instigated a reign of terror
Changes in the orientation program were instigated by the new director.
The government will instigate new measures to combat terrorism.
The revolt in the north is believed to have been instigated by a high-ranking general.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : instigate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : instigator
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : instigative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : instigatively

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80
Q

instigate
they instigated a reign of terror
Changes in the orientation program were instigated by the new director.
The government will instigate new measures to combat terrorism.
The revolt in the north is believed to have been instigated by a high-ranking general.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : instigate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : instigator
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : instigative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : instigatively

A

(v) to cause or initiate an event or situation to happen, specially a conflict or argument, by making a set of actions

برانگیختن و تحریک کردن

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81
Q

(n) a formal written request, typically one signed by many people, appealing to authority in respect of a particular cause.
(v) to make a formal request for something, especially in a law court

دادخواست- درخواست یا دادخواست دادن

A

petition
she was asked to sign a petition against plans to build on the local playing fields
………………………………
the organization is petitioning the EU for a moratorium on the patent

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82
Q

petition
she was asked to sign a petition against plans to build on the local playing fields
………………………………
the organization is petitioning the EU for a moratorium on the patent

A

(n) a formal written request, typically one signed by many people, appealing to authority in respect of a particular cause.
(v) to make a formal request for something, especially in a law court

دادخواست- درخواست یا دادخواست دادن

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83
Q

(n) request formally that a decision, esp. a legal or official one, be changed or for help, esp. in an emergency
(v) to request formally that a decision, esp. a legal or official one, be changed or for help, esp. in an emergency
(n) the quality of being interesting or attractive
(v) to be interesting or attractive

درخواست تجدید نظر (دادن) - جذابیت - جذب کردن

A

appeal
The decision was reversed on appeal.
Many charities issued an appeal for contributions to help victims of the earthquake.
……………………………………………..
The verdict was appealed to a higher court.
Blood supplies are running low, and the Red Cross is appealing for blood donations.
………………………………………………
Eating out has lost much of its appeal.
……………………………………………….
Such music managed to appeal to the tastes of both young and old.

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84
Q

appeal
The decision was reversed on appeal.
Many charities issued an appeal for contributions to help victims of the earthquake.
……………………………………………..
The verdict was appealed to a higher court.
Blood supplies are running low, and the Red Cross is appealing for blood donations.
………………………………………………
Eating out has lost much of its appeal.
……………………………………………….
Such music managed to appeal to the tastes of both young and old.

A

(n) request formally that a decision, esp. a legal or official one, be changed or for help, esp. in an emergency
(v) to request formally that a decision, esp. a legal or official one, be changed or for help, esp. in an emergency
(n) the quality of being interesting or attractive
(v) to be interesting or attractive

درخواست تجدید نظر (دادن) - جذابیت - جذب کردن

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85
Q

(v) voluntarily to give up something, such as a responsibility or claim

حقی را از خود سلب کردن و دست کشیدن از ( چیزی )

A

relinquish
he relinquished his managerial role to become chief executive
He refused to relinquish control of his company.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : relinquish
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : relinquishment
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

= abdicate

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86
Q

relinquish
he relinquished his managerial role to become chief executive
He refused to relinquish control of his company.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : relinquish
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : relinquishment
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) voluntarily to give up something, such as a responsibility or claim

حقی را از خود سلب کردن و دست کشیدن از ( چیزی )

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87
Q

(v) to give up a position as king, or to fail to take responsibility for something

A

abdicate
in 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated as German emperor
She abdicated all responsibility for the project.
The administration has abdicated its leadership on this critical issue.
(n) abdication کناره گیری

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88
Q

abdicate
in 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated as German emperor
She abdicated all responsibility for the project.
The administration has abdicated its leadership on this critical issue.
(n) abdication

A

(v) to give up a position as king, or to fail to take responsibility for something

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89
Q

(adj) (of a person or animal) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
(adj) (of a substance or object) able to recoil or spring back into shape after bending, stretching, or being compressed.

تاب اور

A

resilient
Life is hard there, but the people are resilient.
………………..
“a shoe with resilient cushioning”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : resilience / resiliency
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : resilient
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : resiliently

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90
Q

resilient
Life is hard there, but the people are resilient.
………………..
“a shoe with resilient cushioning”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : resilience / resiliency
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : resilient
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : resiliently

A

(adj) (of a person or animal) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
(adj) (of a substance or object) able to recoil or spring back into shape after bending, stretching, or being compressed.

تاب اور

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91
Q

(adj) holding tightly onto something, or keeping an opinion in a determined way
(adj) unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something

سرسخت

A

tenacious
The baby took my finger in its tenacious little fist.
There has been tenacious local opposition to the new airport.
…………………….
Seles is a tenacious opponent – she never gives in.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : tenacity
صفت ( adjective ) : tenacious
قید ( adverb ) : tenaciously

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92
Q

tenacious
The baby took my finger in its tenacious little fist.
There has been tenacious local opposition to the new airport.
…………………….
Seles is a tenacious opponent – she never gives in.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : tenacity
صفت ( adjective ) : tenacious
قید ( adverb ) : tenaciously

A

(adj) holding tightly onto something, or keeping an opinion in a determined way
(adj) unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something

سرسخت

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93
Q

(v) attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage.

وسوسه و جذب و ترغیب کردن

A

entice
entice someone into something
a show which should entice a new audience into the theatre
The adverts entice the customer into buying things they don’t really want.
be enticed away from
People are being enticed away from the profession by higher salaries elsewhere.
[ + to infinitive ]
A smell of coffee in the doorway enticed people to enter the shop.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : entice
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enticement
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enticing
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : enticingly

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94
Q

entice
entice someone into something
a show which should entice a new audience into the theatre
The adverts entice the customer into buying things they don’t really want.
be enticed away from
People are being enticed away from the profession by higher salaries elsewhere.
[ + to infinitive ]
A smell of coffee in the doorway enticed people to enter the shop.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : entice
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enticement
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enticing
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : enticingly

A

(v) attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage.

وسوسه و جذب و ترغیب کردن

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95
Q

(n) words or actions that make someone or something seem foolish or stupid:
(v) to laugh at someone or something in an unkind way:

تمسخر - مسخره کردن

A

ridicule
he is held up as an object of ridicule
He was an unhappy figure of ridicule, not a figure of fun, among his colleagues.
………………..
She was ridiculed for her old-fashioned ideas.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : ridicule
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ridicule / ridiculousness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ridiculous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ridiculously

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96
Q

ridicule
he is held up as an object of ridicule
He was an unhappy figure of ridicule, not a figure of fun, among his colleagues.
………………..
She was ridiculed for her old-fashioned ideas.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : ridicule
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ridicule / ridiculousness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ridiculous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ridiculously

A

(n) words or actions that make someone or something seem foolish or stupid:
(v) to laugh at someone or something in an unkind way:

تمسخر - مسخره کردن

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97
Q

(v) to accept, tolerate, or endure something, especially something unpleasant
(v) carry the weight of; support.
(v) to give birth to young, or (of a tree or plant) to give or produce fruit or flowers
(v) to show (have or display as a visible mark or feature)

A

bear,bore,borne
The strain must have been enormous but she bore it well.
Tell me now! I can’t bear the suspense!
[ + to infinitive ]
He couldn’t bear to see the dog in pain.
[ + -ing verb ]
I can’t bear being bored.
………………………………………………………………
“the bees form large colonies and need the thick branches of tall trees to bear the weight of their nests”
At Christmas the family all arrive at the house bearing gifts.
Countless waiters bore trays of drinks into the room.
The sound of the ice cream van was borne into the office on the wind.
……………………………………………….
The pear tree they planted has never borne fruit.
She had borne six children by the time she was 30.
[ + two objects ] When his wife bore him a child he could not hide his delight.
Most animals bear their young in the spring.
…………………………………………………………………
“many of the papers bore his flamboyant signature”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : bear
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : -
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : bearable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bearably

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98
Q

bear,bore,borne
The strain must have been enormous but she bore it well.
Tell me now! I can’t bear the suspense!
[ + to infinitive ]
He couldn’t bear to see the dog in pain.
[ + -ing verb ]
I can’t bear being bored.
………………………………………………………………
“the bees form large colonies and need the thick branches of tall trees to bear the weight of their nests”
At Christmas the family all arrive at the house bearing gifts.
Countless waiters bore trays of drinks into the room.
The sound of the ice cream van was borne into the office on the wind.
……………………………………………….
The pear tree they planted has never borne fruit.
She had borne six children by the time she was 30.
[ + two objects ] When his wife bore him a child he could not hide his delight.
Most animals bear their young in the spring.
…………………………………………………………………
“many of the papers bore his flamboyant signature”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : bear
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : -
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : bearable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bearably

A

(v) to accept, tolerate, or endure something, especially something unpleasant
(v) carry the weight of; support.
(v) to give birth to young, or (of a tree or plant) to give or produce fruit or flowers
(v) to show (have or display as a visible mark or feature)

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99
Q

(adj) giving a warning

هشدار دهنده

A

cautionary
a cautionary tale

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100
Q

cautionary
a cautionary tale

A

(adj) giving a warning

هشدار دهنده

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101
Q

(adj) (of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption.

بی وقفه

A

incessant
the incessant beat of the music
incessant rain/noise/complaints
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : _
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : incessant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : incessantly

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102
Q

incessant
the incessant beat of the music
incessant rain/noise/complaints
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : _
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : incessant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : incessantly

A

(adj) (of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption.

بی وقفه

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103
Q

(proposition and idiom) in combination with, together with, in addition to, alongside

همراه با یا علاوه بر

A

in conjunction with
“herbal medicine was used in conjunction with acupuncture and massage”
The concert will be held in conjunction with the festival.
The medicine is typically used in conjunction with other treatments.
in conjunction with a strong longitudinal electric field component, a natural acceleration channel has been demonstrated to exist for a laser beam in a vacuum

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104
Q

in conjunction with
“herbal medicine was used in conjunction with acupuncture and massage”
The concert will be held in conjunction with the festival.
The medicine is typically used in conjunction with other treatments.
in conjunction with a strong longitudinal electric field component, a natural acceleration channel has been demonstrated to exist for a laser beam in a vacuum

A

(proposition and idiom) in combination with, together with, in addition to, alongside

همراه با یا علاوه بر

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105
Q

(v) to block and prevent movement, progress, success (to block or get in the way of something or someone, or to prevent something from happening or progressing by causing difficulties)

مسدود کردن، مانغ شدن

A

obstruct
Demonstrators obstructed the entrance to the building.
Trees obstructed our view of the ocean.
she was obstructing the entrance
“they had to alter the course of the stream and obstruct the natural flow of the water”
“fears that the regime would obstruct the distribution of food”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : obstruct
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obstruction
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : obstruct​ive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obstruct​ively

= block, stop, prevent

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106
Q

obstruct
Demonstrators obstructed the entrance to the building.
Trees obstructed our view of the ocean.
she was obstructing the entrance
“they had to alter the course of the stream and obstruct the natural flow of the water”
“fears that the regime would obstruct the distribution of food”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : obstruct
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obstruction
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : obstruct​ive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obstruct​ively

A

(v) to block and prevent movement, progress, success (to block or get in the way of something or someone, or to prevent something from happening or progressing by causing difficulties)

مسدود کردن، مانغ شدن

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107
Q

(v) to give something to someone as a payment or reward for their efforts or loss = compensate
(n) a present given to someone to thank them for helping you, or payment given to someone because of slight problems or because of the loss of or damage to their property (compensation or reward given for loss or harm suffered or effort made.)

A

recompense
The court awarded the women $100,000 each to recompense them for nine years of lost wages.
The company says it has no legal or moral responsibility to assist in recompensing customers.
………………………………………….
I received £500 from my neighbour in recompense for the damage to my wall.
adequate recompense for workers who lose their jobs

✅ فعل ( verb ) : recompense
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : recompense
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : recompensable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

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108
Q

recompense
The court awarded the women $100,000 each to recompense them for nine years of lost wages.
The company says it has no legal or moral responsibility to assist in recompensing customers.
………………………………………….
I received £500 from my neighbour in recompense for the damage to my wall.
adequate recompense for workers who lose their jobs

✅ فعل ( verb ) : recompense
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : recompense
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : recompensable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) to give something to someone as a payment or reward for their efforts or loss = compensate
(n) a present given to someone to thank them for helping you, or payment given to someone because of slight problems or because of the loss of or damage to their property (compensation or reward given for loss or harm suffered or effort made.)

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109
Q

(v) to discard and get rid of something
(v) to lose hair, leaves, or skin naturally, or to cause hair, skin, or leaves to drop, or to take off cloths

A

shed
As the day warmed up, she shed her sweater.
“many firms use relocation as an opportunity to shed jobs”
Psychotherapy helped him to shed some of his insecurity/inhibitions.
…………………………
The trees shed their leaves in autumn.
My cat shed all over the couch.
They ran down to the water, shedding clothes as they went.

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110
Q

shed
As the day warmed up, she shed her sweater.
“many firms use relocation as an opportunity to shed jobs”
Psychotherapy helped him to shed some of his insecurity/inhibitions.
…………………………
The trees shed their leaves in autumn.
My cat shed all over the couch.
They ran down to the water, shedding clothes as they went.

A

(v) to discard and get rid of something
(v) to lose hair, leaves, or skin naturally, or to cause hair, skin, or leaves to drop, or to take off cloths

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111
Q

(v) having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel

دو دل یا دوگانه

A

ambivalent
My wife loves the opera, but I have ambivalent feelings about it.
I felt very ambivalent about leaving home.
He has fairly ambivalent feelings towards his father.
an ambivalent attitude to exercise

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : ambivalence
صفت ( adjective ) : ambivalent
قید ( adverb ) : ambivalently

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112
Q

ambivalent
My wife loves the opera, but I have ambivalent feelings about it.
I felt very ambivalent about leaving home.
He has fairly ambivalent feelings towards his father.
an ambivalent attitude to exercise

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : ambivalence
صفت ( adjective ) : ambivalent
قید ( adverb ) : ambivalently

A

(v) having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel

دو دل یا دوگانه

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113
Q

(adj, informal) extremely interested in something, to a degree that some people find unreasonable
(adj)holding extreme beliefs that may lead to unreasonable or violent behaviour

متعصب

A

fanatical
His dedication to fitness was almost fanatical.
Gary’s fanatical about football.
……………………………….
a fanatical group that has threatened to assassinate doctors
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fanatic / fanaticism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fanatical
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fanatically

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114
Q

fanatical
His dedication to fitness was almost fanatical.
Gary’s fanatical about football.
……………………………….
a fanatical group that has threatened to assassinate doctors
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fanatic / fanaticism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fanatical
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fanatically

A

(adj, informal) extremely interested in something, to a degree that some people find unreasonable
(adj)holding extreme beliefs that may lead to unreasonable or violent behaviour

متعصب

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115
Q

(adv) mostly; mainly: (the most important or the most common)

عمدتا

A

chiefly
Today John-Philip Sousa is known chiefly for his music played by marching bands all over the US.
The island chiefly attracts upmarket tourists.
magazines intended chiefly for teenagers

(adj) chief = main = most important
The chief problem we have in the area now is the spread of disease.
The weather was our chief reason for coming here.

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116
Q

chiefly
Today John-Philip Sousa is known chiefly for his music played by marching bands all over the US.
The island chiefly attracts upmarket tourists.
magazines intended chiefly for teenagers

(adj) chief = main = most important
The chief problem we have in the area now is the spread of disease.
The weather was our chief reason for coming here.

A

(adv) mostly; mainly: (the most important or the most common)

عمدتا

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117
Q

(adj) rough and not smooth or soft
(adj) rude or offensive in manner or speech

زبر و زمخت - توهین امیز و بی ادبانه

A

coarse
a coarse woollen cloth
………………
a coarse joke
coarse language
Now and then coarse laughter broke out.

فعل ( verb ) : -
اسم ( noun ) : coarseness
صفت ( adjective ) : coarse
قید ( adverb ) : coarsely

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118
Q

coarse
a coarse woollen cloth
………………
a coarse joke
coarse language
Now and then coarse laughter broke out.

فعل ( verb ) : -
اسم ( noun ) : coarseness
صفت ( adjective ) : coarse
قید ( adverb ) : coarsely

A

(adj) rough and not smooth or soft
(adj) rude or offensive in manner or speech

زبر و زمخت - توهین امیز و بی ادبانه

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119
Q

(adj) eager to know or learn something.
(adj) strange; unusual.

کنجکاو ، عجیب و کنجکاو کننده

A

curious
“I began to be curious about the whereabouts of the bride and groom”
…………………………………..
“a curious sensation overwhelmed her”

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : curiosity
صفت ( adjective ) : curious
قید ( adverb ) : curiously

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120
Q

curious
“I began to be curious about the whereabouts of the bride and groom”
…………………………………..
“a curious sensation overwhelmed her”

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : curiosity
صفت ( adjective ) : curious
قید ( adverb ) : curiously

A

(adj) eager to know or learn something.
(adj) strange; unusual.

کنجکاو ، عجیب و کنجکاو کننده

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121
Q

(adv) very ; extremely

(خیلی (به طور فزاینده

A

exceedingly
“the team played exceedingly well”
He is exceedingly rich.

فعل ( verb ) : exceed
اسم ( noun ) : exceess
صفت ( adjective ) : exceess​ive
قید ( adverb ) : exceedingly / exceessively

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122
Q

exceedingly
“the team played exceedingly well”
He is exceedingly rich.

فعل ( verb ) : exceed
اسم ( noun ) : exceess
صفت ( adjective ) : exceess​ive
قید ( adverb ) : exceedingly / exceessively

A

(adv) very ; extremely

(خیلی (به طور فزاینده

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123
Q

(v) cause (a fire or light) to cease to burn or shine.
(v, literary) to bring about the end of somthing

A

extinguish
It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames.
to extinguish a cigarette
…………………………………………..
“hope is extinguished little by little”
Nothing could extinguish his love for her.

فعل ( verb ) : extinguish
اسم ( noun ) : extinguishment
صفت ( adjective ) : extinguish​able
قید ( adverb ) : -

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124
Q

extinguish
It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames.
to extinguish a cigarette
…………………………………………..
“hope is extinguished little by little”
Nothing could extinguish his love for her.

فعل ( verb ) : extinguish
اسم ( noun ) : extinguishment
صفت ( adjective ) : extinguish​able
قید ( adverb ) :-

A

(v) cause (a fire or light) to cease to burn or shine.
(v, literary) to bring about the end of somthing

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125
Q

(v) make (something) visible or bright by shining light on it; light up.
(v) help to clarify or explain.

روشن کردن

A

illuminate
The streets were illuminated with strings of coloured lights.
“a flash of lightning illuminated the house”
The buildings were illuminated at night.
……………………..
This article illuminates the basic principles of economics.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : illuminate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : illumination روشنایی یا نورپردازی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : illuminated / illuminating
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

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126
Q

illuminate
The streets were illuminated with strings of coloured lights.
“a flash of lightning illuminated the house”
The buildings were illuminated at night.
……………………..
This article illuminates the basic principles of economics.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : illuminate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : illumination روشنایی یا نورپردازی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : illuminated / illuminating
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) make (something) visible or bright by shining light on it; light up.
(v) help to clarify or explain.

روشن کردن

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127
Q

(adj) too confident and aggressive; lacking regard for consequences

بی پروا

A

brash
a brash young banker made many poor business dicisions
His lawyer was brash, arrogant, and egocentric, but he usually won his cases.
a designer known for his brash and innovative style

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : brashness
صفت ( adjective ) : brash
قید ( adverb ) : brashly

= reckless

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128
Q

brash
a brash young banker made many poor business dicisions
His lawyer was brash, arrogant, and egocentric, but he usually won his cases.
a designer known for his brash and innovative style

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : brashness
صفت ( adjective ) : brash
قید ( adverb ) : brashly

A

(adj) too confident and aggressive; lacking regard for consequences

بی پروا

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129
Q

(adj) doing something dangerous and not worrying about the risks and the possible results

بی ملاحظه و بی پروا

A

reckless
He was found guilty of reckless driving
These punks have a reckless disregard for the law.
He pleaded innocent to reckless driving charges.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : recklessness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : reckless
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : reckless​ly

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130
Q

reckless
He was found guilty of reckless driving
These punks have a reckless disregard for the law.
He pleaded innocent to reckless driving charges.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : recklessness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : reckless
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : reckless​ly

A

(adj) doing something dangerous and not worrying about the risks and the possible results

بی ملاحظه و بی پروا

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131
Q

(v) to prevent something from being seen or known about; to hide something

پنهان کردن

A

conceal
He made no attempt to conceal his satisfaction.
The listening device was concealed in a pen.
I tried to conceal my surprise when she told me her age.
It was said that the police concealed vital evidence.
Is there something you’re concealing from me?

فعل ( verb ) : conceal
اسم ( noun ) : concealment / concealer کرم لکه بر
صفت ( adjective ) : concealed
قید ( adverb ) : _

= hide

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132
Q

conceal
He made no attempt to conceal his satisfaction.
The listening device was concealed in a pen.
I tried to conceal my surprise when she told me her age.
It was said that the police concealed vital evidence.
Is there something you’re concealing from me?

فعل ( verb ) : conceal
اسم ( noun ) : concealment
صفت ( adjective ) : concealed
قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to prevent something from being seen or known about; to hide something

پنهان کردن

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133
Q

(n) an unexpected difference, esp. in two amounts or two sets of facts or conditions, which suggests that something is wrong and has to be explained (a difference between two things that should be the same)

اختلاف

A

discrepancy
There were troubling discrepancies between his public and private
opinions on how to balance the budget.
discrepancy between
There is some discrepancy between the two accounts.
discrepancy in
The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers.

= discrepancy in

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134
Q

discrepancy
There were troubling discrepancies between his public and private
opinions on how to balance the budget.
discrepancy between
There is some discrepancy between the two accounts.
discrepancy in
The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers.

A

(n) an unexpected difference, esp. in two amounts or two sets of facts or conditions, which suggests that something is wrong and has to be explained (a difference between two things that should be the same)

اختلاف

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135
Q

(v) to move slowly, quietly, and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed

خزیدن

A

creep
creep through
She turned off the light and crept through the door.
creep around
Someone was creeping around outside my window.
The spider crept up the wall.
creep along
The traffic was creeping along at a snail’s pace.

(adj) creeping

= crawl

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136
Q

creep
creep through
She turned off the light and crept through the door.
creep around
Someone was creeping around outside my window.
The spider crept up the wall.
creep along
The traffic was creeping along at a snail’s pace.

(adj) creeping

A

(v) to move slowly, quietly, and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed

خزیدن

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137
Q

(v) to move along on hands and knees or with your body stretched out along a surface

خزیدن یا چهار دست و پا راه رفتن

A

crawl
The child crawled across the floor.
Megan has just learned to crawl.
The injured soldier crawled to safety.
He had to crawl along a ledge and get in through a window.

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138
Q

crawl
The child crawled across the floor.
Megan has just learned to crawl.
The injured soldier crawled to safety.
He had to crawl along a ledge and get in through a window.

A

(v) to move along on hands and knees or with your body stretched out along a surface

خزیدن یا چهار دست و پا راه رفتن

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139
Q

cultivate
Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate.
The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans.
……………………………….
The new prime minister is cultivating relationships with East Asian countries.
to cultivate friendships
He cultivated business contacts in ten major cities.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : cultivate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cultivation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cultivate​d
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop
(v) to encourage groth of a relationship or friendship

کشت کردن و پرورش دادن محصولات زراعی، توسعه دادن دوستی یا روابط

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140
Q

(v) to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop
(v) to encourage groth of a relationship or friendship

کشت کردن و پرورش دادن محصولات زراعی، توسعه دادن دوستی یا روابط

A

cultivate
Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate.
The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans.
……………………………….
The new prime minister is cultivating relationships with East Asian countries.
to cultivate friendships
He cultivated business contacts in ten major cities.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : cultivate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cultivation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cultivate​d
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

= grow

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141
Q

(adj) calm in manner and easy to influence, persuade, or control; submissive

رام و مطیع

A

docile
The once docile population has finally risen up against the ruthless regime.
They have a big dog, but he’s real friendly and docile.

اسم ( noun ) : docility
صفت ( adjective ) : docile
قید ( adverb ) : docilely

= submissive, obedient

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142
Q

docile
The once docile population has finally risen up against the ruthless regime.
They have a big dog, but he’s real friendly and docile.

اسم ( noun ) : docility
صفت ( adjective ) : docile
قید ( adverb ) : docilely

A

(adj) calm in manner and easy to influence, persuade, or control; submissive

رام و مطیع

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143
Q

(v) to cause something new to exist (a feeling, situation, or condition).

باعث ایجاد چیزی شدن

A

engender
Your book has engendered much controversy.
Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy.
The vice-president’s speech did not engender confidence in his judgment.

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144
Q

engender
Your book has engendered much controversy.
Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy.
The vice-president’s speech did not engender confidence in his judgment.

A

(v) to cause something new to exist (a feeling, situation, or condition).

باعث ایجاد چیزی شدن

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145
Q

(v) absorb all the attention or interest of

غرق چیزی شدن

A

engross
“they seemed to be engrossed in conversation”
What is it about Harry Potter that so engrosses children?

فعل ( verb ) : engross
اسم ( noun ) : engrossment
صفت ( adjective ) : engrossed / engrossing
قید ( adverb ) : _

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146
Q

engross
“they seemed to be engrossed in conversation”
What is it about Harry Potter that so engrosses children?

فعل ( verb ) : engross
اسم ( noun ) : engrossment
صفت ( adjective ) : engrossed / engrossing
قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) absorb all the attention or interest of

غرق چیزی شدن

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147
Q

(n) a mark, blemish, or other imperfection; defect

نقص

A

flaw
I returned the material because it had a flaw in it.
There’s a fatal flaw in your reasoning.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : flaw
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : flawed / flawless
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

= defect

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148
Q

flaw
I returned the material because it had a flaw in it.
There’s a fatal flaw in your reasoning.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : flaw
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : flawed / flawless
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(n) a mark, blemish, or other imperfection; defect

نقص

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149
Q

(adj) extremely large
(n) a type of large elephant, now extinct, that was covered in hair and had tusks

بسیار بزرگ، ماموت

A

mammoth
Cleaning up the city-wide mess is going to be a mammoth task.
It’s a mammoth undertaking - are you sure you have the resources to cope?

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150
Q

mammoth
Cleaning up the city-wide mess is going to be a mammoth task.
It’s a mammoth undertaking - are you sure you have the resources to cope?

A

(adj) extremely large
(n) a type of large elephant, now extinct, that was covered in hair and had tusks

بسیار بزرگ، ماموت

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151
Q

(n) an extremely small piece of something

ذره

A

particle
Dust particles must have got into the motor.
She wouldn’t give me even the slightest particle of information about what she’d been doing
“he agrees without hearing the least particle of evidence”

= fragment

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152
Q

particle
Dust particles must have got into the motor.
She wouldn’t give me even the slightest particle of information about what she’d been doing
“he agrees without hearing the least particle of evidence”

A

(n) an extremely small piece of something

ذره

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153
Q

(v) resolve or reach an agreement about (an argument or problem).
(v) to establish a home
(V) pay (a debt or account).

حل و فصل کردن ، مستقر شدن

A

settle
“the unions have settled their year-long dispute with Hollywood producers”
Good, that’s all settled - you send out the invitations for the party, and I’ll organize the food.
They haven’t yet settled when the wedding is going to be.
“The tickets are €40 each.” “Well, that settles that - I can’t afford that much.”
I’d like to get this matter settled once and for all
…………………………………
After they got married, they settled in Brooklyn.
“one day I will settle down and raise a family”
……………………………………………………
“his bill was settled by charge card”
Please settle your account/bill without further delay.
It took the insurance company months to settle my claim.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : settle
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : settlement / settler
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : settled
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

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154
Q

settle
“the unions have settled their year-long dispute with Hollywood producers”
Good, that’s all settled - you send out the invitations for the party, and I’ll organize the food.
They haven’t yet settled when the wedding is going to be.
“The tickets are €40 each.” “Well, that settles that - I can’t afford that much.”
I’d like to get this matter settled once and for all
…………………………………
After they got married, they settled in Brooklyn.
“one day I will settle down and raise a family”
……………………………………………………
“his bill was settled by charge card”
Please settle your account/bill without further delay.
It took the insurance company months to settle my claim.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : settle
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : settlement / settler
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : settled
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) resolve or reach an agreement about (an argument or problem).
(v) to establish a home
(V) pay (a debt or account).

حل و فصل کردن ، مستقر شدن

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155
Q

(adj) relating to money or currency.

پولی

A

monetary
The monetary policies of Germany affect other EU nations.
The monarchy exerts monetary control over the duchy.
“documents with little or no monetary value”
The monetary unit of the UK is the pound.

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156
Q

monetary
The monetary policies of Germany affect other EU nations.
The monarchy exerts monetary control over the duchy.
“documents with little or no monetary value”
The monetary unit of the UK is the pound.

A

(adj) relating to money or currency.

پولی

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157
Q

(adj) not bright; not giving or having much light
(v) to (make something) become less bright

کم نور (کردن)

A

dim
A dim bulb provides the only light in the hall.
The lamp gave out a dim light.
He sat in a dim corner of the waiting room.
We could see a dim (= not easily seen) shape in the fog.
………………………………..
Someone dimmed the lights.
The lights dimmed and the curtains opened.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : dim
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dimness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dim
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : dimly

= faint

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158
Q

dim
A dim bulb provides the only light in the hall.
The lamp gave out a dim light.
He sat in a dim corner of the waiting room.
We could see a dim (= not easily seen) shape in the fog.
………………………………..
Someone dimmed the lights.
The lights dimmed and the curtains opened.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : dim
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dimness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dim
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : dimly

A

(adj) not bright; not giving or having much light
(v) to (make something) become less bright

کم نور (کردن)

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159
Q

(adj) (of a sight, smell, or sound) barely perceptible not strong or clear
(adj) feeling weak and dizzy and close to losing consciousness.
(v) to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down
(n) the act of suddenly becoming unconscious

(ضعیف(بینایی، بو یا صدا) یا (از نظر سلامتی)، غش (کردن

A

faint
a faint sound/noise/smell
The lamp gave out a faint glow.
She gave me a faint smile of recognition.
There’s not the faintest hope of ever finding him.
She bears a faint resemblance to my sister.
……………………………………………………………………..
“the heat made him feel faint”
She felt faint with hunger.
……………………………………………………………………
“I fainted from loss of blood”
I nearly fainted in the heat.
………………………………………………………………….
she hit the floor in a dead faint

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160
Q

faint
a faint sound/noise/smell
The lamp gave out a faint glow.
She gave me a faint smile of recognition.
There’s not the faintest hope of ever finding him.
She bears a faint resemblance to my sister.
……………………………………………………………………..
“the heat made him feel faint”
She felt faint with hunger.
……………………………………………………………………
“I fainted from loss of blood”
I nearly fainted in the heat.
………………………………………………………………….
she hit the floor in a dead faint

A

(adj) (of a sight, smell, or sound) barely perceptible not strong or clear
(adj) feeling weak and dizzy and close to losing consciousness.
(v) to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down
(n) the act of suddenly becoming unconscious

(ضعیف(بینایی، بو یا صدا) یا (از نظر سلامتی)، غش (کردن

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161
Q

(v) place or fix (equipment or machinery) in position ready for use.
(v) place (someone) in a new position of authority, especially with ceremony.

نصب کردن - منصوب کردن

A

install
“we’re planning to install a new shower”
…………………………………………………………………….
“he was installed as Prime Minister in 1966”
She has installed a couple of young academics as her advisers.

(n) installer / installation

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162
Q

install
“we’re planning to install a new shower”
…………………………………………………………………….
“he was installed as Prime Minister in 1966”
She has installed a couple of young academics as her advisers.

(n) installer / installation

A

(v) place or fix (equipment or machinery) in position ready for use.
(v) place (someone) in a new position of authority, especially with ceremony.

نصب کردن - منصوب کردن

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163
Q

(n) special words and phrases that are used by particular groups of people, especially in their work

اصطلاحات مخصوص یک صنف

A

jargon
military/legal/computer jargon
technical/business/economic jargon

(adj) jargony

= terminology

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164
Q

jargon
military/legal/computer jargon
technical/business/economic jargon

(adj) jargony

A

(n) special words and phrases that are used by particular groups of people, especially in their work

اصطلاحات مخصوص یک صنف

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165
Q

(n) special words or expressions used in relation to a particular subject or activity

اصطلاحات یا اصطلاح شناسی

A

terminology
scientific terminology

jargon

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166
Q

terminology
scientific terminology

A

(n) special words or expressions used in relation to a particular subject or activity

اصطلاحات یا اصطلاح شناسی

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167
Q

(adj) energetic, bright, and full of life or excitement

A

vibrant
The city is youthful, vibrant – an exciting place.
Flowers of vibrant colors were on each table.
a vibrant personality
a vibrant city

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vibrance
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vibrant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vibrant​ly

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168
Q

vibrant
The city is youthful, vibrant – an exciting place.
Flowers of vibrant colors were on each table.
a vibrant personality
a vibrant city

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vibrance
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vibrant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vibrant​ly

A

(adj) energetic, bright, and full of life or excitement

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169
Q

(adj) (of things) not active or growing, but having the ability to be active at a later time

غیر فعال و ساکت و خاموش

A

dormant
The long-dormant volcano has recently shown signs of erupting.
These investments have remained dormant for several years.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dormancy / dormitory خوابگاه
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dormant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

= inactive

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170
Q

dormant
The long-dormant volcano has recently shown signs of erupting.
These investments have remained dormant for several years.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dormancy / dormitory
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dormant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(adj) (of things) not active or growing, but having the ability to be active at a later time

غیر فعال و ساکت و خاموش

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171
Q

(adj) lacking color, or boring, especially in appearance

A

drab
She walked through the city centre with its drab, grey buildings and felt depressed.
I feel so drab in this grey uniform.
He found London disagreeable, with its thick fog, cold drizzle, and drab food.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ): drabness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : drab
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : drab​ly

=colorless

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172
Q

drab
She walked through the city centre with its drab, grey buildings and felt depressed.
I feel so drab in this grey uniform.
He found London disagreeable, with its thick fog, cold drizzle, and drab food.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ): drabness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : drab
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : drab​ly

A

(adj) lacking color, or boring, especially in appearance

=colorless

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173
Q

(adj) selecting of representing somthing chosen from many source and places

متنوع و گلچین شده

A

eclectic
“universities offering an eclectic mix of courses”
It was an eclectic mix of our ethnic foods and traditional Thanksgiving food.
an eclectic taste in literature
(adv) eclectically

= diverse

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174
Q

eclectic
“universities offering an eclectic mix of courses”
It was an eclectic mix of our ethnic foods and traditional Thanksgiving food.
an eclectic taste in literature
(adv) eclectically

A

(adj) selecting of representing somthing chosen from many source and places

متنوع و گلچین شده

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175
Q

(adj) extremely small; tiny

A

minuscule
the sale of the building had a minuscule effect on the profit of the corporation.
Salaries are a minuscule part of the budget.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ): minutiae​ or minutia = small and often not important details
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : minuscule​ / minute = extremely small.
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

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176
Q

minuscule
the sale of the building had a minuscule effect on the profit of the corporation.
Salaries are a minuscule part of the budget.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ): minutiae​ or minutia = small and often not important details
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : minuscule​ / minute = extremely small.
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(adj) extremely small; tiny

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177
Q

(v) make (something) ready for use or action.
(adj) most important, or of the best quality
(n) the period in your life when you are most active or successful

A

prime
he grabbed a gun from a nearby wall and primed it
………………………………..
You’re a prime candidate to be spending money on foolish things.
This is a prime example of native Utah architecture.
The hospital is located on prime Upper East Side property.
………………………………………………………..
This is a dancer in her prime.
Middle age can be the prime of life if you have the right attitude.
I suspect this cheese is past its prime.

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178
Q

prime
he grabbed a gun from a nearby wall and primed it
………………………………..
You’re a prime candidate to be spending money on foolish things.
This is a prime example of native Utah architecture.
The hospital is located on prime Upper East Side property.
………………………………………………………..
This is a dancer in her prime.
Middle age can be the prime of life if you have the right attitude.
I suspect this cheese is past its prime.

A

(v) make (something) ready for use or action.
(adj) most important, or of the best quality
(n) the period in your life when you are most active or successful

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179
Q

(adj) only basic, and not deep or detailed

ابتدایی

A

rudimentary
She has only a rudimentary grasp of the language.
Her knowledge is still only rudimentary.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : rudiments
صفت ( adjective ) : rudimentary
قید ( adverb ) : _

= basic

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180
Q

rudimentary
She has only a rudimentary grasp of the language.
Her knowledge is still only rudimentary.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : rudiments
صفت ( adjective ) : rudimentary
قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(adj) only basic, and not deep or detailed

ابتدایی

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181
Q

(adj) doubting that something is true or useful(ot easily convinced; having doubts)

مردد، بدبین

A

skeptical
the public were deeply sceptical about some of the proposals
Many experts remain skeptical about/of his claims.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : skeptic آدم مردد و بدبین / skepticism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : skeptical
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : skeptically

= dubious, doubtful

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182
Q

skeptical
the public were deeply sceptical about some of the proposals
Many experts remain skeptical about/of his claims.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : skeptic / skepticism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : skeptical
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : skeptically

مردد، بدبین

A

(adj) doubting that something is true or useful(ot easily convinced; having doubts)

= dubious, doubtful

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183
Q

(adj) not showing or not feeling any emotion, esp. in a situation in which the expression of emotion is expected

بی احساس, بی تفاوت

A

stoic
He is somewhat stoic as he speaks of his past.
We knew she must be in pain, despite her stoic attitude.
He showed a stoic resignation towards his fate.
Local people were stoical about the damage caused by the hurricane.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : stoicism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : stoic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : stoically

= indifferent

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184
Q

stoic
He is somewhat stoic as he speaks of his past.
We knew she must be in pain, despite her stoic attitude.
He showed a stoic resignation towards his fate.
Local people were stoical about the damage caused by the hurricane.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : stoicism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : stoic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : stoically

A

(adj) not showing or not feeling any emotion, esp. in a situation in which the expression of emotion is expected

بی احساس, بی تفاوت

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185
Q

(adj) very forceful or energetic
(adj) healthy and strong

A

vigorous
a vigorous debate
There has been vigorous opposition to the proposals for a new road.
He takes plenty of vigorous exercise.
……………………………………..
Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote vigorous growth in the spring.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vigor ( vigour ) = strength, energy, or enthusiasm
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vigorous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vigorously

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186
Q

vigorous
a vigorous debate
There has been vigorous opposition to the proposals for a new road.
He takes plenty of vigorous exercise.
……………………………………..
Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote vigorous growth in the spring.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vigor ( vigour ) = strength, energy, or enthusiasm
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vigorous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vigorously

A

(adj) very forceful or energetic
(adj) healthy and strong

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187
Q

(n) something, such as a swimming pool or shopping centre, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people in a town, hotel, or other place

امکانات ( خدمات رفاهی )

A

amenity
The council has some spare cash, which it proposes to spend on public amenities.
Straus established employee amenities such as restrooms, medical care, and a lunchroom.
………………………………………………………..
Facilities: امکانات ( ساختمان ها و مراکز خدماتی )
Amenities: امکانات ( خدمات رفاهی )

= convenience

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188
Q

amenity
The council has some spare cash, which it proposes to spend on public amenities.
Straus established employee amenities such as restrooms, medical care, and a lunchroom.
………………………………………………………..
Facilities: امکانات ( ساختمان ها و مراکز خدماتی )
Amenities: امکانات ( خدمات رفاهی )

امکانات ( خدمات رفاهی )

A

(n) something, such as a swimming pool or shopping centre, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people in a town, hotel, or other place

= convenience

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189
Q

(v) to scatter or move away over a large area, or to make something do this

متفرق و پراکنده کردن یا شدن

A

disperse
When the rain came down the crowds started to disperse.
Police dispersed the crowd that had gathered.
It took several hours for the crowd to disperse.

فعل ( verb ) : disperse
اسم ( noun ) : dispersal پراکندگی/ dispersion
صفت ( adjective ) :dispersed
قید ( adverb ) :

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190
Q

disperse
When the rain came down the crowds started to disperse.
Police dispersed the crowd that had gathered.
It took several hours for the crowd to disperse.

فعل ( verb ) : disperse
اسم ( noun ) : dispersal / dispersion
صفت ( adjective ) :dispersed
قید ( adverb ) :

A

(v) to scatter or move away over a large area, or to make something do this

متفرق و پراکنده کردن یا شدن

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191
Q

(v) to live in a place or in a particular way:

اقامت گزیدن

A

dwell | dwelt or dwelled | dwelt or dwelled
She dwelt in South Africa for ten years.
She dwelt in remote parts of Asia for many years.
“groups of people still dwell in these caves”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : dwell
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dwell​er / dwelling
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : -
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

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192
Q

dwell | dwelt or dwelled | dwelt or dwelled
She dwelt in South Africa for ten years.
She dwelt in remote parts of Asia for many years.
“groups of people still dwell in these caves”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : dwell
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dwell​er / dwelling
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : -
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) to live in a place or in a particular way:

اقامت گزیدن

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193
Q

(adv) in a forceful way; used to emphasize what you are saying

با تاکید،به طور موکد ، قاطعانه، با قاطعیت، مصرانه

A

emphatically
Johnson has emphatically denied the allegations against him.
“The violence must stop, and it will stop,” he said emphatically.
He most emphatically does not speak for me.
I would say very emphatically that I have never uttered one disrespectful word.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : emphasize
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : emphasis
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : emphatic = expressing something forcibly and clearly.
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : emphatically

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194
Q

emphatically
Johnson has emphatically denied the allegations against him.
“The violence must stop, and it will stop,” he said emphatically.
He most emphatically does not speak for me.
I would say very emphatically that I have never uttered one disrespectful word.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : emphasize
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : emphasis
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : emphatic = expressing something forcibly and clearly.
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : emphatically

A

(adv) in a forceful way; used to emphasize what you are saying

با تاکید،به طور موکد ، قاطعانه، با قاطعیت، مصرانه

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195
Q

(v) to surround or form a circle around something:

حلقه زدن و محاصره کردن

A

encircle
“the town is encircled by fortified walls”
The house is encircled by a high fence.
A parking lot encircles the mall.
(adj) encircled

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196
Q

encircle
“the town is encircled by fortified walls”
The house is encircled by a high fence.
A parking lot encircles the mall.
(adj) encircled

A

(v) to surround or form a circle around something:

حلقه زدن و محاصره کردن

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197
Q

(adj) moving or behaving in a way that is not regular, certain, or expected

بی قاعده یا دمدمی مزاج و بی ثبات

A

erratic
“her breathing was erratic”
He drove in an erratic course down the road.
She can be very erratic; one day she is friendly and the next she’ll hardly speak to you.

(adv) erratically

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198
Q

erratic
“her breathing was erratic”
He drove in an erratic course down the road.
She can be very erratic; one day she is friendly and the next she’ll hardly speak to you.

(adv) erratically

A

(adj) moving or behaving in a way that is not regular, certain, or expected

بی قاعده یا دمدمی مزاج و بی ثبات

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199
Q

1

(v) to make someone very embarrassed

شرمگین کردن

A

mortify
The thought of the incident still mortified her.
He’s mortified by the fact that at 38 he still lives at home with his mother.
فعل ( verb ) : mortify
اسم ( noun ) : mortification
صفت ( adjective ) : mortifying / mortified
قید ( adverb ) : _

= embarrassed, humiliate

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200
Q

mortify
The thought of the incident still mortified her.
He’s mortified by the fact that at 38 he still lives at home with his mother.
فعل ( verb ) : mortify
اسم ( noun ) : mortification
صفت ( adjective ) : mortifying / mortified
قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to make someone very embarrassed

شرمگین کردن

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201
Q

(adj) existing commonly or happening frequently (widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.)

رایج

A

prevalent
These diseases are more prevalent among young children.
Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent.
Drought conditions have been prevalent across the area for several years.

(n) prevalence

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202
Q

prevalent
These diseases are more prevalent among young children.
Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent.
Drought conditions have been prevalent across the area for several years.

(n) prevalence

A

(adj) existing commonly or happening frequently (widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.)

رایج

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203
Q

breadth
The length of this box is twice its breadth.
…………………………………………
The breadth of his knowledge of history was impressive.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : broaden
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : breadth
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : broad
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : broadly

A

(n) the distance from one side to another, esp. when it is shorter than the distance between the object’s other two sides:
(n) the range or areas of knowledge or ability that someone has

فاصله یا عرض، گستره

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204
Q

(n) the distance from one side to another, esp. when it is shorter than the distance between the object’s other two sides
(n) the range or areas of knowledge or ability that someone has

فاصله یا عرض، گستره

A

breadth
The length of this box is twice its breadth.
…………………………………………
The breadth of his knowledge of history was impressive.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : broaden = to become wider, or to cause something to be wider, or to increase the range of something: عریض یا گسترده کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : breadth
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : broad عریض یا گسترده
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : broadly

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205
Q

(v) to develop or grow quickly

به سرعت رشد کردن، سریعا شکوفا شدن

A

burgeon
Love burgeoned between them.
Product placement has burgeoned to the extent that corporate logos are now found in most mainstream films.
(adj) burgeoning

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206
Q

burgeon
Love burgeoned between them.
Product placement has burgeoned to the extent that corporate logos are now found in most mainstream films.
(adj) burgeoning

A

(v) to develop or grow quickly

به سرعت رشد کردن، سریعا شکوفا شدن

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207
Q

(adv) in a clearly visible way; noticeably

به طور آشکار

A

conspicuously
The temple’s grand white arches rose conspicuously over the dirty decaying city.
Ms Andrews was conspicuously absent from the event

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conspicuousness = conspicuity = the quality of being noticeable or easy to see آشکار بودن
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conspicuous = very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted اشکار
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conspicuously

= noticeably

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208
Q

conspicuously
The temple’s grand white arches rose conspicuously over the dirty decaying city.
Ms Andrews was conspicuously absent from the event

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conspicuousness = conspicuity = the quality of being noticeable or easy to see
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conspicuous = very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conspicuously

A

(adv) in a clearly visible way; noticeably

به طور آشکار

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209
Q

(adj) not having enough of, not good enough

ناکافی و دارای کمبود

A

deficient
deficient in
A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the disease rickets
His theory is deficient in several respects.
A diet that is deficient in protein is harmful to children.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deficit = the amount by which money spent is more than money received کسری / deficiency = the state of not having, or not having enough, of something that is needed کمبود = a lack or shortage.
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deficient
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : deficient​ly

= lacking

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210
Q

deficient
deficient in
A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the disease rickets
His theory is deficient in several respects.
A diet that is deficient in protein is harmful to children.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deficit = the amount by which money spent is more than money received کسری / deficiency = the state of not having, or not having enough, of something that is needed کمبود = a lack or shortage.
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deficient
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : deficient​ly

A

(adj) not having enough of, not good enough

ناکافی و دارای کمبود

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211
Q

(adj) expressing clearly, effectively, and persuasive (if person, in speaking or writing.)

شیوا - فصیح

A

eloquent
She made an eloquent appeal for action.
The pictures were an eloquent reminder of the power of the volcano.
When required, he could be an eloquent speaker, but preferred talking to small groups.
“an eloquent speech”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : eloquence فصاحت و شیوایی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : eloquent
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : eloquently

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212
Q

eloquent
She made an eloquent appeal for action.
The pictures were an eloquent reminder of the power of the volcano.
When required, he could be an eloquent speaker, but preferred talking to small groups.
“an eloquent speech”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : eloquence فصاحت و شیوایی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : eloquent
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : eloquently

A

(adj) expressing clearly, effectively, and persuasive (if person, in speaking or writing.)

شیوا - فصیح

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213
Q

evaporate
“cook until most of the liquid has evaporated”
………………………………………………..
Halfway through the movie reality evaporates and we enter a world of pure fantasy.
the militancy of earlier years had evaporated in the wake of defeat
the chances of the two sides reaching an agreement have evaporated

✅ فعل ( verb ) : evaporate / vaporize
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evaporation / vapor / vaporization
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evaporate​d / vaporized
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) to cause a liquid to change to a gas, especially by heating = vaporize
(v) (of something abstract or problem) to vanish= disappear

تبخیر کردن - ناپدید شدن یا برباد رفتن

214
Q

(v) to cause a liquid to change to a gas, especially by heating = vaporize
(v) (of something abstract or problem) to vanish= disappear

تبخیر کردن - ناپدید شدن یا برباد رفتن

A

evaporate
“cook until most of the liquid has evaporated”
………………………………………………..
Halfway through the movie reality evaporates and we enter a world of pure fantasy.
the militancy of earlier years had evaporated in the wake of defeat
the chances of the two sides reaching an agreement have evaporated
The issue of global warming is not just going to evaporate
✅ فعل ( verb ) : evaporate / vaporize
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evaporation / vapor / vaporization
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evaporate​d / vaporized
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

215
Q

(adj) easily influenced or likely to be hurt by something (likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing)

تاثیر پذیر - حساس - مستعد

A

susceptible
Some people are more susceptible to peer pressure than others.
He’s very susceptible to colds.
She isn’t very susceptible to flattery.
These plants are particularly susceptible to frost.
Among particularly susceptible children, the disease can develop very fast.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : susceptibility
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : susceptible
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : susceptibly

= vulnerable

216
Q

susceptible
Some people are more susceptible to peer pressure than others.
He’s very susceptible to colds.
She isn’t very susceptible to flattery.
These plants are particularly susceptible to frost.
Among particularly susceptible children, the disease can develop very fast.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : susceptibility
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : susceptible
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : susceptibly

A

(adj) easily influenced or likely to be hurt by something (likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing)

تاثیر پذیر - حساس - مستعد

217
Q

(n) a person considered to be important because of high rank or office.

آدم سرشناس و عالی مقام - شخص بزرگ مرتبه

A

dignitary
Several foreign dignitaries attended the ceremony.
His responsibilities included welcoming visiting dignitaries from foreign countries.

218
Q

dignitary
Several foreign dignitaries attended the ceremony.
His responsibilities included welcoming visiting dignitaries from foreign countries.

A

(n) a person considered to be important because of high rank or office.

آدم سرشناس و عالی مقام - شخص بزرگ مرتبه

219
Q

(v) escape from or avoid (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a skilful or cunning way.
(v) (of an achievement or something desired) fail to be attained by (someone).

دم به تله ندادن یا قسر در رفتن ، از زیر دست در رفتن و از دست دادن

A

elude
“he tried to elude the security men by sneaking through a back door”
The bear that had eluded capture for so long was caught at last.
…………………………………….
It was simply her misfortune that an Olympic medal eluded her in 1988.
They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : elude
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elusiveness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elusive = difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : elusively

elusive
difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
“success will become ever more elusive”

در مورد انسان یا حیوان: کمیاب
در مورد نتایج : دور از دسترس، سخت دست یافتنی
در مورد نظرات و افکار: مبهم

elusive memories : خاطرات فرّار ( بسختی به یاد آورده می شوند )
elusive questions : سئوالات سخت ( پاسخشان به سختی بدست می آید )
elusive numbers : اعداد پیچیده، اعداد متغیر، اعداد نامعلوم ( سخت بدست می آیند )

220
Q

elude
“he tried to elude the security men by sneaking through a back door”
The bear that had eluded capture for so long was caught at last.
…………………………………….
It was simply her misfortune that an Olympic medal eluded her in 1988.
They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : elude
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elusiveness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elusive = difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : elusively

elusive
difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
“success will become ever more elusive”

elusive memories :
elusive questions :
elusive numbers :

A

(v) escape from or avoid (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a skilful or cunning way.
(v) (of an achievement or something desired) fail to be attained by (someone).

دم به تله ندادن یا قسر در رفتن ، از زیر دست در رفتن و از دست دادن

221
Q

(v) to make a person or an animal extremely tired
(v) to use up sth (esp, resources or reserves) completely.
(n) the waste gas from an engine, especially a car’s, or the pipe the gas flows through

  1. اگزوز
  2. خسته کردن ( نیروی چیزی را گرفتن/از پا دراوردن )
  3. تهی ( تمام ) کردن ( ( به طور کامل ) مصرف کردن )
A

exhaust
The long hike up the mountain exhausted us all.
…………………………
“the country has exhausted its treasury reserves”
How long will it be before the world’s fuel supplies are exhausted?
After a whole day with the kids, her patience was nearly exhausted.
We seem to have exhausted this topic of conversation (= we have nothing new to say about it).
………………………………………………………………..
“buses spewing out black clouds of exhaust”
Car exhaust is the main reason for the city’s pollution.
exhaust fumes

✅ فعل ( verb ) : exhaust
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : exhaustion
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exhausting / exhausted / exhaustive = detailed and complete and including everything کامل و جامع
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exhaustively
………………………………
an exhaustive study/report
“the guide outlines every bus route in exhaustive detail”

= deplete

222
Q

exhaust
The long hike up the mountain exhausted us all.
…………………………
“the country has exhausted its treasury reserves”
How long will it be before the world’s fuel supplies are exhausted?
After a whole day with the kids, her patience was nearly exhausted.
We seem to have exhausted this topic of conversation (= we have nothing new to say about it).
………………………………………………………………..
“buses spewing out black clouds of exhaust”
Car exhaust is the main reason for the city’s pollution.
exhaust fumes

✅ فعل ( verb ) : exhaust
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : exhaustion
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exhausting / exhausted / exhaustive = detailed and complete and including everything کامل و جامع
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exhaustively
………………………………
an exhaustive study/report
“the guide outlines every bus route in exhaustive detail”
.

A

(v) to make a person or an animal extremely tired
(v) to use up sth (esp, resources or reserves) completely.
(n) the waste gas from an engine, especially a car’s, or the pipe the gas flows through

  1. اگزوز
  2. خسته کردن ( نیروی چیزی را گرفتن/از پا دراوردن )
  3. تهی ( تمام ) کردن ( ( به طور کامل ) مصرف کردن )
223
Q

(v) to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc

کم و خالی کردن

A

deplete
If we continue to deplete the earth’s natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.
reservoirs have been depleted by years of drought
Acid rain depletes the region’s fish stocks.
deplete something of something
The illness depletes the body of important vitamins.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : deplete
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : depletion
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : depleted
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

= use up, exhaust

224
Q

deplete
If we continue to deplete the earth’s natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.
reservoirs have been depleted by years of drought
Acid rain depletes the region’s fish stocks.
deplete something of something
The illness depletes the body of important vitamins.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : deplete
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : depletion
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : depleted
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc

کم و خالی کردن

225
Q

(adj) covering a large area; having a great range (esp to offer)

گسترده

A

extensive
Her knowledge of music is extensive (= she knows a lot about music).
The wedding received extensive coverage in the newspapers (= it was written about a lot).
“an extensive collection of silver”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : extend = to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : extension / extensiveness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : extensive / extendable / extended
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : extensively
……………………………….
extend
to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer
۱ - بسط دادن، طولانی یا بزرگ کردن [از لحاظ اندازه]
۲ - طولانی کردن یا تمدید کردن [از لحاظ زمانی]
We have plans to extend our house (= to make it bigger).
The bar has recently extended its opening hours (= made them longer).
I need to extend my visa (= make it last longer).

226
Q

extensive
Her knowledge of music is extensive (= she knows a lot about music).
The wedding received extensive coverage in the newspapers (= it was written about a lot).
“an extensive collection of silver”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : extend = to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : extension / extensiveness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : extensive / extendable / extended
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : extensively
……………………………….
extend
to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer
۱ - بسط دادن، طولانی یا بزرگ کردن [از لحاظ اندازه]
۲ - طولانی کردن یا تمدید کردن [از لحاظ زمانی]
We have plans to extend our house (= to make it bigger).
The bar has recently extended its opening hours (= made them longer).
I need to extend my visa (= make it last longer).

A

(adj) covering a large area; having a great range (esp to offer)

گسترده

227
Q

(n) a particular aspect or feature of something.
(n) one side of something many-sided, especially of a cut gem.

جنبه، وجهه

A

facet
a philosophy that extends to all facets of the business
She has so many facets to her personality.
………………………………………………..
“a blue and green jewel that shines from a million facets”

(adj) faceted = having many sides or many different aspects or features.

= aspect

228
Q

facet
a philosophy that extends to all facets of the business
She has so many facets to her personality.
………………………………………………..
“a blue and green jewel that shines from a million facets”

(adj) faceted = having many sides or many different aspects or features.

A

(n) a particular aspect or feature of something.
(n) one side of something many-sided, especially of a cut gem.

جنبه، وجهه

229
Q

(n) a person or image that is loved, admired, or respected a lot
(n) an object or picture that is worshipped as a god.

بت یا الگو

A

idol
Basketball players are his idols.
a pop/sporting idol
The Hollywood film idols of the 1940s were glamorous figures, adored by millions.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : idolize
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : idol / idolization / idolatry
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : idolatrous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _
…………………………………………………………………………….
idolatry
the worship of idols.
بت پرستی یا ستایش و پرستیدن چیزی یا کسی به خصوص الگو
The youngster makes no attempt to conceal his idolatry of his team-mate.
Newton was revered to the point of idolatry.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
idolatrous
relating to or practising idolatry
مربوط به بت پرستی یا ستایش و پرستیدن چیزی یا کسی
Authorities destroyed a number of statues that were deemed idolatrous.
The modern obsession with health is idolatrous.

230
Q

idol
Basketball players are his idols.
a pop/sporting idol
The Hollywood film idols of the 1940s were glamorous figures, adored by millions.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : idolize
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : idol / idolization / idolatry
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : idolatrous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _
…………………………………………………………………………….
idolatry
the worship of idols.
بت پرستی یا ستایش و پرستیدن چیزی یا کسی به خصوص الگو
The youngster makes no attempt to conceal his idolatry of his team-mate.
Newton was revered to the point of idolatry.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
idolatrous
relating to or practising idolatry
مربوط به بت پرستی یا ستایش و پرستیدن چیزی یا کسی
Authorities destroyed a number of statues that were deemed idolatrous.
The modern obsession with health is idolatrous.

بت یا الگو

A

(n) a person or image that is loved, admired, or respected a lot
(n) an object or picture that is worshipped as a god.

231
Q

(adj) not aware of or not noticing or concerned something, esp. what is happening around you

بی خبر. غافل -. بی اعتنا

A

=oblivious
“she became absorbed, oblivious to the passage of time”
She was often oblivious to the potential consequences of her actions.
Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings.
The mayor seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obliviousness = oblivion = the same meaning as oblivion or the state of being completely forgotten by the public بی خبری یا نسیان​ و فراموشی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : oblivious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obliviously

232
Q

oblivious
“she became absorbed, oblivious to the passage of time”
She was often oblivious to the potential consequences of her actions.
Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings.
The mayor seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obliviousness / oblivion = the same meaning as oblivion or the state of being completely forgotten by the public بی خبری یا نسیان​ و فراموشی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : oblivious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obliviously

A

(adj) not aware of or not noticing or concerned something, esp. what is happening around you

بی خبر. غافل -. بی اعتنا

233
Q

(adj) (of a place) situated far from the main centres of population; distant.
(adj) conducted or working away from a usual workplace or location, making use of communications technology.

دور یا دور افتاده - از راه دور

A

remote
Australia is large, and remote from the great centres of population of the world
They live in a remote corner of Scotland, miles from the nearest shop.
………………………………………..
“companies will understand that remote working can be helpful for employees”
This enables you to get remote access to your email.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : remoteness / remote = a remote control device.
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : remote
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : remotely

234
Q

remote
Australia is large, and remote from the great centres of population of the world
They live in a remote corner of Scotland, miles from the nearest shop.
………………………………………..
“companies will understand that remote working can be helpful for employees”
This enables you to get remote access to your email.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : remoteness / remote = a remote control device.
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : remote
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : remotely

A

(adj) (of a place) situated far from the main centres of population; distant.
(adj) conducted or working away from a usual workplace or location, making use of communications technology.

دور یا دور افتاده - از راه دور

235
Q

(v) to do or be better or greater than something. to go beyond

پیشی گرفتن

A

surpass
His time for the 100 metres surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.
The book’s success has surpassed everyone’s expectations.
The director has really surpassed himself (= done better than he has done before) with this new film.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : surpass
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : surpass
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : surpass​able
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

=exceed

236
Q

surpass
His time for the 100 metres surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.
The book’s success has surpassed everyone’s expectations.
The director has really surpassed himself (= done better than he has done before) with this new film.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : surpass
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : surpass
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : surpass​able
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) to do or be better or greater than something. to go beyond

=پیشی گرفتن

237
Q

(v) to defend or support or maintain a principle or law, or to state that a decision that has already been made, esp. a legal one, is correct ( to confirm or support (something which has been questioned) or maintain (a custom or practice).)

A

uphold
The Supreme Court upheld California’s term limit measure.
“the court upheld his claim for damages”
“they uphold a tradition of not causing distress to living creatures”
(n) upholder

238
Q

uphold
The Supreme Court upheld California’s term limit measure.
“the court upheld his claim for damages”
“they uphold a tradition of not causing distress to living creatures”
(n) upholder

A

(v) to defend or support or maintain a principle or law, or to state that a decision that has already been made, esp. a legal one, is correct ( to confirm or support (something which has been questioned) or maintain (a custom or practice).)

239
Q

(adv) in a way that is enough or more than enough=plentifully = abundantly

به اندازه کافی

A

amply
“the persistent reader is amply rewarded”
They face a difficult task, as yesterday’s discussions amply demonstrated.
Your time and effort on this project will be amply compensated/rewarded.
(adj) ample

240
Q

amply
“the persistent reader is amply rewarded”
They face a difficult task, as yesterday’s discussions amply demonstrated.
Your time and effort on this project will be amply compensated/rewarded.
(adj) ample

به اندازه کافی

A

(adv) in a way that is enough or more than enough=plentifully = abundantly

241
Q

(adj) difficult and tiring, or needing a great deal of effort and energy

پر زحمت و طاقت فرسا

A

arduous
an arduous climb/task/journey
Despite all this, completing the book - though immensely rewarding - is an arduous undertaking.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : arduousness پر زحمتی و طاقت فرسایی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : arduous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : arduously

242
Q

arduous
an arduous climb/task/journey
Despite all this, completing the book - though immensely rewarding - is an arduous undertaking.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : arduousness پر زحمتی و طاقت فرسایی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : arduous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : arduously

A

(adj) difficult and tiring, or needing a great deal of effort and energy

پر زحمت و طاقت فرسا

243
Q

(adj) (of land or a climate) having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation.

خشک و بایر

A

arid
The desert is so arid that nothing can grow there.
“the arid plains north of Cape Town”

= dry, barren

244
Q

arid
The desert is so arid that nothing can grow there.
“the arid plains north of Cape Town”

A

(adj) (of land or a climate) having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation.

خشک و بایر

245
Q

(v) to turn away your eyes or thoughts
(v) to prevent something bad from happening:

برگرداندن فکر یا چشم ، جلو گیری کردن از یک اتفاق بد

A

avert
The shy man was standing before me, his eyes averted.
I averted my gaze/eyes while he dressed.
We tried to avert our thoughts from our massive financial problems.
……………………………………………………………
to avert a crisis/conflict/strike/famine
to avert disaster/economic collapse
“talks failed to avert a rail strike”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : avert
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aversion
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : avertable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

= prevent

246
Q

avert
The shy man was standing before me, his eyes averted.
I averted my gaze/eyes while he dressed.
We tried to avert our thoughts from our massive financial problems.
……………………………………………………………
to avert a crisis/conflict/strike/famine
to avert disaster/economic collapse
“talks failed to avert a rail strike”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : avert
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aversion
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : avertable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) to turn away your eyes or thoughts
(v) to prevent something bad from happening

برگرداندن فکر یا چشم ، جلو گیری کردن از یک اتفاق بد

247
Q

(v) resist or refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc.

سرپیچی کردن

A

defy
It is rare to see children openly defying their teachers.
A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike.
The fact that aircraft don’t fall out of the sky always seems to me to defy (= act against) the law of gravity.
A forest fire raging in southern California is defying (= is not changed by) all attempts to control it.

فعل ( verb ) : defy
اسم ( noun ) : defiance
صفت ( adjective ) : defiant
قید ( adverb ) : defiantly
………………………………………………………….
defy belief/description/analysis/analysis
be of such a kind or nature that (a specified attitude or action) is almost impossible.
غیر قابل . . . بودن
The chaos at the airport defies description.
Defy belief: غیرقابل باور بودن
Defy analysis: غیرقابل تحلیل بودن
Defy description: غیرقابل توصیف بودن
defy analysis: غیرقابل توضیح بودن
………………………………….
defy someone to do something = challange or dare sb to do sth
to tell someone to do something that you think will be impossible
I defy you to prove your accusations.
I defy you to find a better cup of coffee anywhere in this city.
I defy you to read this description without laughing.
I defy you to tell where I’ve painted over the scratch on my car.
She defied me to come up with a more plausible explanation.

248
Q

defy
It is rare to see children openly defying their teachers.
A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike.
The fact that aircraft don’t fall out of the sky always seems to me to defy (= act against) the law of gravity.
A forest fire raging in southern California is defying (= is not changed by) all attempts to control it.

فعل ( verb ) : defy
اسم ( noun ) : defiance
صفت ( adjective ) : defiant
قید ( adverb ) : defiantly
………………………………………………………….
defy belief/description/analysis/analysis
be of such a kind or nature that (a specified attitude or action) is almost impossible.
غیر قابل . . . بودن
The chaos at the airport defies description.
Defy belief: غیرقابل باور بودن
Defy analysis: غیرقابل تحلیل بودن
Defy description: غیرقابل توصیف بودن
defy analysis: غیرقابل توضیح بودن
………………………………….
defy someone to do something = challange or dare sb to do sth
to tell someone to do something that you think will be impossible
I defy you to prove your accusations.
I defy you to find a better cup of coffee anywhere in this city.
I defy you to read this description without laughing.
I defy you to tell where I’ve painted over the scratch on my car.
She defied me to come up with a more plausible explanation.

A

(v) resist or refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc.

سرپیچی کردن

249
Q

(adj) careful and serious in your work, or done in a careful and determined way (having or showing care and conscientiousness in one’s work or duties.)

کوشا و با دقت

کسی یا چیزی که دوتا ویژگی داره :
۱. سخت کوش ( کوشا ) و پر تلاش
۲. محتاط و تیز ( تا اشتباهی رخ نده ) / دقیق
وقتی در رابطه با یک کار بکار میره معنیش میشه :
مستمر - پیگیرانه - مداوم - سیریشانه - و حتی دقیق

A

diligent
The discovery was made after years of diligent research
They made diligent efforts to carry out their programs.
a diligent student
diligent about
Leo is very diligent about his work.
diligent in
Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : diligence
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : diligent
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : diligently
…………………………
due diligence
reasonable steps taken by a person to avoid committing a tort or offence.
دقت لازم
* People have to exercise due diligence and watch what’s being bought on their credit cards.

business : research and analysis of a company or organization done in preparation for a business transaction (such as a corporate merger or purchase of securities) بررسی دقیق
فرایند تحقیق و بررسی جامع و دقیق که قبل از انجام یک معامله تجاری، سرمایه گذاری یا هر تصمیم گیری مهم دیگری انجام میشه.
* The buyout group’s due diligence is expected to run till late March.

250
Q

diligent
The discovery was made after years of diligent research
They made diligent efforts to carry out their programs.
a diligent student
diligent about
Leo is very diligent about his work.
diligent in
Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : diligence
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : diligent
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : diligently
…………………………
due diligence
* reasonable steps taken by a person to avoid committing a tort or offence.

People have to exercise due diligence and watch what’s being bought on their credit cards.

  • business : research and analysis of a company or organization done in preparation for a business transaction (such as a corporate merger or purchase of securities)

The buyout group’s due diligence is expected to run till late March.

A

(adj) careful and serious in your work, or done in a careful and determined way (having or showing care and conscientiousness in one’s work or duties.)

کوشا و با دقت

کسی یا چیزی که دوتا ویژگی داره :
۱. سخت کوش ( کوشا ) و پر تلاش
۲. محتاط و تیز ( تا اشتباهی رخ نده ) / دقیق
وقتی در رابطه با یک کار بکار میره معنیش میشه :
مستمر - پیگیرانه - مداوم - سیریشانه - و حتی دقیق

251
Q

(v) to put something into action, especially to make a law, or to make an idea into a law

وضع کردن/تصویب کردن

A

enact
For the second year, national lawmakers failed to enact environmental legislation.
“legislation was enacted to attract international companies”
A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country.
The government is to enact a law aimed at improving safety on construction sites.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : enact
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enactment
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enact​ed
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

There must be consultation with employer and employee representatives before the enactment of new regulations.

= legislate

252
Q

enact
For the second year, national lawmakers failed to enact environmental legislation.
“legislation was enacted to attract international companies”
A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country.
The government is to enact a law aimed at improving safety on construction sites.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : enact
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enactment
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enact​ed
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

There must be consultation with employer and employee representatives before the enactment of new regulations.

A

(v) to put something into action, especially to make a law, or to make an idea into a law

وضع کردن/تصویب کردن

253
Q

(v) to pretend to have a particular feeling, condition, problem, etc.

تظاهر کردن به - وانمود کردن

A

feign
You know how everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are.
The prosecution claimed that the defendant had feigned the injury.
She responded to his remarks with feigned amusement.
He feigned sickness so he wouldn’t have to go to school.
(adj) feigned وانمود و تظاهر شده
…………………………………………………………………………..
همون وانمود کردن یا pretend هست، فقط در ساختار استفاده متفاوته
“He feigned shock at what the woman said. “
He pretended to be shocked at what the woman said. “

254
Q

feign
You know how everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are.
The prosecution claimed that the defendant had feigned the injury.
She responded to his remarks with feigned amusement.
He feigned sickness so he wouldn’t have to go to school.
(adj) feigned وانمود و تظاهر شده
…………………………………………………………………………..
همون وانمود کردن یا pretend هست، فقط در ساختار استفاده متفاوته
“He feigned shock at what the woman said. “
He pretended to be shocked at what the woman said. “

A

(v) to pretend to have a particular feeling, condition, problem, etc.

تظاهر کردن به - وانمود کردن

255
Q

(adj) (of soil or land) producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops.
(adj) (of a person, animal, or plant) able to conceive young or produce seed.

حاصلخیز-بارور

A

fertile
fertile soil
……………………………….
People get less fertile as they get older.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : fertilize بارور کردن یا کود دادن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fertilization / fertilizer کود/ fertility
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fertile
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

256
Q

fertile
fertile soil
……………………………….
People get less fertile as they get older.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : fertilize
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fertilization / fertilizer / fertility
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fertile
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(adj) (of soil or land) producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops.
(adj) (of a person, animal, or plant) able to conceive young or produce seed.

حاصلخیز-بارور

257
Q

(v) to find out or describe sth with precision ( the exact position in space or time, or the exact facts about something)
(adj) absolutely precise; very exact

مشخص کردن - بسیار دقیق

A

pinpoint
It is not possible to pinpoint precisely the time of death.
They were unable to pinpoint the source of the noise.
Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion.
…………………………………………………………………………..
“this weapon fired shells with pinpoint accuracy”
The computer will calculate your position with pinpoint accuracy.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : pinpoint
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : -
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : pinpoint
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

258
Q

pinpoint
It is not possible to pinpoint precisely the time of death.
They were unable to pinpoint the source of the noise.
Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion.
…………………………………………………………………………..
“this weapon fired shells with pinpoint accuracy”
The computer will calculate your position with pinpoint accuracy.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : pinpoint
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : -
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : pinpoint
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to find out or describe sth with precision ( the exact position in space or time, or the exact facts about something)
(adj) absolutely precise; very exact

مشخص کردن - بسیار دقیق

259
Q

(adj) (especially of a room or building) large and having ample space

جادار

A

spacious
a spacious house/living room
spacious accommodation
“the hotel has a spacious lounge and TV room”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : space / spaciousness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : spacious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : spaciously

= roomy, expansive

260
Q

spacious
a spacious house/living room
spacious accommodation
“the hotel has a spacious lounge and TV room”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : space / spaciousness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : spacious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : spaciously

A

(adj) (especially of a room or building) large and having ample space

جادار

261
Q

(v) to stick or be attached firmly to a surface
(v) to continue to obey a rule, believe in, or support something, esp. a custom or belief:

چسبیدن ( به ) ؛ پایبند بودن ( به )

A

adhere
Glue won’t adhere to any surface that’s wet.
………………………………
She adhered to her principles/ideals throughout her life.
They failed to adhere to the terms of the agreement/treaty.
The translator has obviously adhered very strictly to the original text.
College coaches have to adhere to the rules about recruiting high school students.

فعل ( verb ) : adhere
اسم ( noun ) : adherence / adherent = someone who supports a particular party, person, or set of ideas.
صفت ( adjective ) : -
قید ( adverb ) : _

262
Q

adhere
Glue won’t adhere to any surface that’s wet.
………………………………
She adhered to her principles/ideals throughout her life.
They failed to adhere to the terms of the agreement/treaty.
The translator has obviously adhered very strictly to the original text.
College coaches have to adhere to the rules about recruiting high school students.

فعل ( verb ) : adhere
اسم ( noun ) : adherence / adherent
صفت ( adjective ) : -
قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to stick or be attached firmly to a surface
(v) to continue to obey a rule, believe in, or support something, esp. a custom or belief:

چسبیدن ( به ) ؛ پایبند بودن ( به )

263
Q

(adj) physically strong and solid or thick, and therefore unlikely to break or be hurt

1 - محکم / مقاوم / با دوام
2 - نیرومند / تنومند / قوی هیکل
3 - مصمم / با اراده

A

sturdy
sturdy walking boots
a sturdy table
sturdy little legs
That ladder doesn’t look sturdy enough to hold you.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sturdiness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sturdy
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sturdily

264
Q

sturdy
sturdy walking boots
a sturdy table
sturdy little legs
That ladder doesn’t look sturdy enough to hold you.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sturdiness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sturdy
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sturdily

A

(adj) physically strong and solid or thick, and therefore unlikely to break or be hurt

1 - محکم / مقاوم / با دوام
2 - نیرومند / تنومند / قوی هیکل
3 - مصمم / با اراده

265
Q

(v) to take care of a child as if it were your own, usually for a limited time, without being the child’s legal parent
(v) to encourage the development or growth of (esp, ideas or feelings)

به فرزندخواندگی گرفتن- پرورش و تقویت کردن

A

foster
“the teacher’s task is to foster learning”
I try to foster an appreciation for classical music in my students.
foster something in someone
I’m trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children.
They were discussing the best way to foster democracy and prosperity in the former communist countries.

= stimulate

266
Q

foster
“the teacher’s task is to foster learning”
I try to foster an appreciation for classical music in my students.
foster something in someone
I’m trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children.
They were discussing the best way to foster democracy and prosperity in the former communist countries.

A

(v) to take care of a child as if it were your own, usually for a limited time, without being the child’s legal parent
(v) to encourage the development or growth of (esp, ideas or feelings)

به فرزندخواندگی گرفتن- پرورش و تقویت کردن

267
Q

(n) بندر
(v) keep (a thought or feeling, typically a negative one) in one’s mind, especially secretly
(v) shelter or hide (a criminal or wanted person).

در ذهن داشتن یک فکر یا احساس ، پناه دادن

A

harbor
“she started to harbour doubts about the wisdom of their journey”
He harbored the suspicion that someone in the agency was spying for the enemy.
………………………………………………………………
“he was suspected of harbouring an escaped prisoner”

268
Q

harbor
“she started to harbour doubts about the wisdom of their journey”
He harbored the suspicion that someone in the agency was spying for the enemy.
………………………………………………………………
“he was suspected of harbouring an escaped prisoner”

A

(n) بندر
(v) keep (a thought or feeling, typically a negative one) in one’s mind, especially secretly
(v) shelter or hide (a criminal or wanted person).

در ذهن داشتن یک فکر یا احساس ، پناه دادن

269
Q

(adj) full of danger or risk; extremely dangerous:

خطرناک

A

perilous
The country roads are quite perilous.
A perilous journey through the mountains was their only escape route.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : imperil = to put something or someone in danger بخطر انداختن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : peril خطر
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : perilous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : perilously
Withdrawing the medical team would imperil the effort to control the spread of malaria.
Teenagers must be warned about the perils of unsafe sex.

270
Q

perilous
The country roads are quite perilous.
A perilous journey through the mountains was their only escape route.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : imperil = to put something or someone in danger بخطر انداختن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : peril خطر
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : perilous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : perilously
Withdrawing the medical team would imperil the effort to control the spread of malaria.
Teenagers must be warned about the perils of unsafe sex.

A

(adj) full of danger or risk; extremely dangerous:

خطرناک

271
Q

(adj) unnecessary because it is more than is needed
* (of a person) no longer employed because there is no more work available.
* (of words, phrases, etc. or data) able to be omitted without loss of meaning or function.

تعدیل شده، بیکار شده - اضافی و غیر ضروری

A

redundant
“eight permanent staff were made redundant”
To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant.
figurative New technology often makes old skills and even whole communities redundant.
……………………………………….
“our peculiar affection for redundant phrases”
In the sentence “She is a single unmarried woman”, the word “unmarried” is redundant.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : redundancy تعدیل نیرو ( در مدیریت منابع انسانی )
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : redundant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : redundantly

The economic downturn has meant 10,000 redundancies in the Northeast.
heavy/large-scale/widespread redundancies
a redundancy programme/scheme

272
Q

redundant
“eight permanent staff were made redundant”
To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant.
figurative New technology often makes old skills and even whole communities redundant.
……………………………………….
“our peculiar affection for redundant phrases”
In the sentence “She is a single unmarried woman”, the word “unmarried” is redundant.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : redundancy
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : redundant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : redundantly

The economic downturn has meant 10,000 redundancies in the Northeast.
heavy/large-scale/widespread redundancies
a redundancy programme/scheme

A

(adj) unnecessary because it is more than is needed
* (of a person) no longer employed because there is no more work available.
* (of words, phrases, etc. or data) able to be omitted without loss of meaning or function.

تعدیل شده، بیکار شده - اضافی و غیر ضروری

273
Q

1

(adj) important, serious, or related to real facts; having real importance or value:

اساسی؟

A

substantive
Substantive research on the subject needs to be carried out.
The documents are the first substantive information obtained by the investigators.
a substantive issue/matter
substantive talks/negotiations

✅ فعل ( verb ) : substantiate = provide evidence to support or prove the truth of اثبات کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : substantiation / substantive
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : substantial / substantive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : substantially

We have evidence to substantiate the allegations against him.
Reports that children had been hurt have not been substantiated.

274
Q

substantive
Substantive research on the subject needs to be carried out.
The documents are the first substantive information obtained by the investigators.
a substantive issue/matter
substantive talks/negotiations

✅ فعل ( verb ) : substantiate = provide evidence to support or prove the truth of اثبات کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : substantiation / substantive
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : substantial / substantive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : substantially

We have evidence to substantiate the allegations against him.
Reports that children had been hurt have not been substantiated.

A

(adj) important, serious, or related to real facts; having real importance or value:

اساسی؟

275
Q

(v) to emphasize the importance of something; to underline

تاکید کردن بر چیزی یا زیر چیزی خط کشیدن

A

underscore
The need for fire detectors in cargo bays was underscored by some accidents in the 1980s.

= emphasize, highlight, underline

276
Q

underscore
The need for fire detectors in cargo bays was underscored by some accidents in the 1980s.

A

(v) to emphasize the importance of something; to underline

تاکید کردن بر چیزی یا زیر چیزی خط کشیدن

277
Q

(adj) feeling a moral responsibility to do your work carefully and with a lot of effort

وظیفه شناس​ و با وجدان کاری

A

conscientious
a conscientious student
She was a conscientious worker, and I’ll miss her.
“a conscientious man, he took his duties very seriously”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conscience / conscientiousness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conscientious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conscientiously

278
Q

conscientious
a conscientious student
She was a conscientious worker, and I’ll miss her.
“a conscientious man, he took his duties very seriously”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : -
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conscience / conscientiousness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conscientious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conscientiously

A

(adj) feeling a moral responsibility to do your work carefully and with a lot of effort

وظیفه شناس​ و با وجدان کاری

279
Q

2

(adj) giving or showing careful attention to every detail:

دقیق و ریزبین

A

meticulous
a meticulous housekeeper
meticulous research
Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.
“the designs are hand-glazed with meticulous care”

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : meticulousness
صفت ( adjective ) : meticulous
قید ( adverb ) : meticulously

280
Q

meticulous
a meticulous housekeeper
meticulous research
Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.
“the designs are hand-glazed with meticulous care”

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : meticulousness
صفت ( adjective ) : meticulous
قید ( adverb ) : meticulously

A

(adj) giving or showing careful attention to every detail:

دقیق و ریزبین

281
Q

2

(adv) without intention; accidentally.

به طور ناخواسته

A

inadvertently
He inadvertently deleted the file.
I inadvertently ended up on the wrong street.
“his name had been inadvertently omitted from the list”
فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : inadvertence
صفت ( adjective ) : inadvertent
قید ( adverb ) : inadvertently

= accidentally, by accident, unintentionally

282
Q

inadvertently
He inadvertently deleted the file.
I inadvertently ended up on the wrong street.
“his name had been inadvertently omitted from the list”
فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : inadvertence
صفت ( adjective ) : inadvertent
قید ( adverb ) : inadvertently

A

(adv) without intention; accidentally.

به طور ناخواسته

283
Q

(adj) of or relating to babies or very young children. if used for older, mean that it is foolish and is typical of a young child:

نوزادی و بچگانه

A

infantile
infantile behaviour
Don’t be so infantile.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : infancy / infant
صفت ( adjective ) : infantile
قید ( adverb ) : -

284
Q

infantile
infantile behaviour
Don’t be so infantile.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : infancy / infant
صفت ( adjective ) : infantile
قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(adj) of or relating to babies or very young children. if used for older, mean that it is foolish and is typical of a young child:

نوزادی و بچگانه

285
Q

(v) to copy the way someone speaks and moves, esp. in order to amuse or insult people

ادای کسی را در آوردن

A

mimic
She was mimicking the various people in our office.
“she mimicked Eileen’s pedantic voice”
(n) mimicker

= imitate

286
Q

mimic
She was mimicking the various people in our office.
“she mimicked Eileen’s pedantic voice”
(n) mimicker

A

(v) to copy the way someone speaks and moves, esp. in order to amuse or insult people

ادای کسی را در آوردن

287
Q

(adj) more important than anything else

بسیار مهم یا مهم ترین

A

paramount
be paramount or be of paramount importance or paramount …….noun…….
“the interests of the child are of paramount importance”
There are many priorities, but reducing the budget deficit is paramount/is of paramount importance.
Everybody agrees that education is the paramount issue.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : paramountcy
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : paramount
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : paramount​ly

= foremost

288
Q

paramount
be paramount or be of paramount importance or paramount …….noun…….
“the interests of the child are of paramount importance”
There are many priorities, but reducing the budget deficit is paramount/is of paramount importance.
Everybody agrees that education is the paramount issue.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : paramountcy
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : paramount
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : paramount​ly

A

(adj) more important than anything else

بسیار مهم یا مهم ترین

289
Q

(adj) skilled and experienced

ماهر و مسلط

A

proficient
a proficient swimmer
He studied Chinese and became proficient in the language.
It takes a couple of years of regular driving before you become proficient at it.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : proficiency مهارت و تسلط
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : proficient
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : proficiently

= competent

290
Q

proficient
a proficient swimmer
He studied Chinese and became proficient in the language.
It takes a couple of years of regular driving before you become proficient at it.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : proficiency
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : proficient
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : proficiently

A

(adj) skilled and experienced

ماهر و مسلط

291
Q

(adj) having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully.

دارای صلاحیت و شایسته

A

competent
a competent secretary/rider/cook
I wouldn’t say he was brilliant but he is competent at his job.

فعل ( verb ) : -
اسم ( noun ) : competence = competency = the ability to do something well: صلاحیت و شایستگی
صفت ( adjective ) : competent
قید ( adverb ) : competently
He reached a reasonable level of competence in English.

292
Q

competent
a competent secretary/rider/cook
I wouldn’t say he was brilliant but he is competent at his job.

فعل ( verb ) : -
اسم ( noun ) : competence = competency = the ability to do something well: صلاحیت و شایستگی
صفت ( adjective ) : competent
قید ( adverb ) : competently
He reached a reasonable level of competence in English.

A

(adj) having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully.

دارای صلاحیت و شایسته

293
Q

(adj) (of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
(adj) (of a person) working in a well-organized and competent way.

کارآمد و موثر

A

efficient
“more efficient processing of information”
Modern-day car engines are much more efficient.
………………………………………………………………
We need someone really efficient who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : efficiency کارایی - بهره وری - بازده
صفت ( adjective ) : efficient
قید ( adverb ) : efficiently

294
Q

efficient
“more efficient processing of information”
Modern-day car engines are much more efficient.
………………………………………………………………
We need someone really efficient who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : efficiency
صفت ( adjective ) : efficient
قید ( adverb ) : efficiently

A

(adj) (of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
(adj) (of a person) working in a well-organized and competent way.

کارآمد و موثر

295
Q

(v) to find and bring back something

بازیابی کردن- بازپس گرفتن - دوباره به دست آوردن

A

retrieve
We taught our dog to retrieve a ball.
Computers are used to store and retrieve information efficiently.
Important historic documents were retrieved from a dumpster last week.

فعل ( verb ) : retrieve
اسم ( noun ) : retrieval بازیابی
صفت ( adjective ) : retrieve​d
قید ( adverb ) : -

=restore

296
Q

retrieve
We taught our dog to retrieve a ball.
Computers are used to store and retrieve information efficiently.
Important historic documents were retrieved from a dumpster last week.

فعل ( verb ) : retrieve
اسم ( noun ) : retrieval بازیابی
صفت ( adjective ) : retrieve​d
قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) to find and bring back something

بازیابی کردن- بازپس گرفتن - دوباره به دست آوردن

297
Q

(adj) not having a good reason or cause and therefore annoying or unfair

بی مورد و بی جا و نامناسب

A

unwarranted
People need to be protected against such unwarranted intrusions into their private lives by journalists.
They denounced the investigation as an unwarranted interference with their business.

= unjustified

298
Q

unwarranted
People need to be protected against such unwarranted intrusions into their private lives by journalists.
They denounced the investigation as an unwarranted interference with their business.

A

(adj) not having a good reason or cause and therefore annoying or unfair

بی مورد و بی جا و نامناسب

299
Q

(n) the best, highest, or most successful point or time

اوج و بالاترین نقطه

A

zenith
Their popularity reached its zenith in the mid-1990s.
he summer sun was at its zenith in a cloudless sky.

= apex

300
Q

zenith
Their popularity reached its zenith in the mid-1990s.
he summer sun was at its zenith in a cloudless sky.

A

(n) the best, highest, or most successful point or time

اوج و بالاترین نقطه

301
Q

(n) the highest point or top of something

راس و نوک یا نقطه اوج

A

apex
the apex of a pyramid
He reached the apex of his career during that period
“the apex of the roof”

302
Q

apex
the apex of a pyramid
He reached the apex of his career during that period
“the apex of the roof”

A

(n) the highest point or top of something

راس و نوک یا نقطه اوج

303
Q

(v) to make someone feel worried or angry
(v) to shake a liquid=stir,whisk
(v) to argue energetically, esp. in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change

مضطرب و نگران کردن،تکان دادن و هم زدن

A

agitate
I didn’t want to agitate her by telling her.
……………………………………………………………
Pour the powder into the solution and agitate it until the powder has dissolved.
……………………………………….
Telephone companies began to agitate for permission to compete in long distance services.
The unions continue to agitate for higher pay.
As a young man, he had agitated against the Vietnam war.
“they agitated for a reversal of the decision”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : agitate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : agitation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : agitated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

304
Q

(v) to act according and obey an order, rule, or request

مطابق با …. عمل کردن

تبعیت کردن ، پیروی کردن ، اطاعت کردن، فرمانبردار ی کردن

A

comply
He’s been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it’s dangerous, but he refuses to comply.
comply with
There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.
Comosa says he will comply with the judge’s ruling.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : comply
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : compliance / compliancy
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : compliant مطیع، فرمانبردار ( در مورد انسان )
● سازگار ( در مورد تجهیزات و غیره )
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : compliantly

305
Q

agitate
I didn’t want to agitate her by telling her.
……………………………………………………………
Pour the powder into the solution and agitate it until the powder has dissolved.
……………………………………….
Telephone companies began to agitate for permission to compete in long distance services.
The unions continue to agitate for higher pay.
As a young man, he had agitated against the Vietnam war.
“they agitated for a reversal of the decision”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : agitate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : agitation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : agitated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to make someone feel worried or angry
(v) to shake a liquid=stir,whisk
(v) to argue energetically, esp. in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change

مضطرب و نگران کردن،تکان دادن و هم زدن

306
Q

comply
He’s been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it’s dangerous, but he refuses to comply.
comply with
There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.
Comosa says he will comply with the judge’s ruling.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : comply
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : compliance / compliancy
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : compliant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : compliantly

A

(v) to act according and obey an order, rule, or request

باید مطابق با …. عمل کردن

تبعیت کردن ، پیروی کردن ، اطاعت کردن، فرمانبردار ی کردن

307
Q

(v) to accept or agree to something, often without really wanting to

با اکراه قبول کردن ( بدون اعتراض )

A

acquiesce
Reluctantly, he acquiesced to/in the plans.
The bank acquiesced to an extension of the loan.
“Sara acquiesced in his decision”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : acquiesce
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : acquiescence
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : acquiescent= willing to do what other people want
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

308
Q

acquiesce
Reluctantly, he acquiesced to/in the plans.
The bank acquiesced to an extension of the loan.
“Sara acquiesced in his decision”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : acquiesce
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : acquiescence
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : acquiescent= willing to do what other people want
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to accept or agree to something, often without really wanting to

با اکراه قبول کردن ( بدون اعتراض )

309
Q

(adj) extremely happy and excited, often because something has happened or been achieved

خرکیف😂، خوشحال

A

elated
“after the concert, I felt elated”
elated at/by
The prince was reported to be elated at/by the birth of his daughter.
He was elated by the news that he had won a full scholarship.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : elate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : elatedly

310
Q

elated
“after the concert, I felt elated”
elated at/by
The prince was reported to be elated at/by the birth of his daughter.
He was elated by the news that he had won a full scholarship.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : elate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : elatedly

A

(adj) extremely happy and excited, often because something has happened or been achieved

خرکیف😂، خوشحال

311
Q

(adv) in a careful, polite manner (in a way that is careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret)

چراغ خاموش، طوری که دیگران نفهمن ، با ملاحظه و احتباط

A

discreetly
The removal of the waste is done discreetly.
She very discreetly corrected him about his mistake.
The cables can be discreetly placed out of sight.
“he discreetly inquired whether the position was still available”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discretion
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discreet = careful not to cause embarrassment or attract a lot of attention / discretionary = available to someone by choice, without having to get permission or authority اختیاری
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : discreetly
……………………………………………….
discretion
the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information
* “she knew she could rely on his discretion”

the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation
* “local authorities should use their discretion in setting the charges”

312
Q

discreetly
The removal of the waste is done discreetly.
She very discreetly corrected him about his mistake.
The cables can be discreetly placed out of sight.
“he discreetly inquired whether the position was still available”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discretion
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discreet = careful not to cause embarrassment or attract a lot of attention / discretionary = available to someone by choice, without having to get permission or authority
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : discreetly
……………………………………………….
discretion
the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information
* “she knew she could rely on his discretion”

the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation
* “local authorities should use their discretion in setting the charges”

A

(adv) in a careful, polite manner (in a way that is careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret)

چراغ خاموش، طوری که دیگران نفهمن ، با ملاحظه و احتباط

313
Q

(v) to make someone remember or feel sth (a feeling, memory, or image)

تداعی کردن ( خاطره، تصاویر ذهنی و یک احساس)

A

evoke
That smell always evokes memories of my old school.
a detergent designed to evoke the fresh smell of summer meadows
The smell of chalk always evokes memories of my school days.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : evoke
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evocation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evocative تداعی کننده
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : evocatively

314
Q

evoke
That smell always evokes memories of my old school.
a detergent designed to evoke the fresh smell of summer meadows
The smell of chalk always evokes memories of my school days.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : evoke
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evocation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evocative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : evocatively

A

(v) to make someone remember or feel sth (a feeling, memory, or image)

تداعی کردن ( خاطره، تصاویر ذهنی و یک احساس)

315
Q

(v) to call on something or someone, esp. God, for
(v) to use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action

متوسل شدن به خدا یا مقدسات، استناد کردن به

A

invoke
Their sacred dance is performed to invoke ancient gods.
…………………………………………………………
Police can invoke the law to regulate access to these places.
“the antiquated defence of insanity is rarely invoked in England”
Rather than answer the question, the witness invoked the Fifth Amendment against incriminating himself.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : invoke
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : invocation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

316
Q

invoke
Their sacred dance is performed to invoke ancient gods.
…………………………………………………………
Police can invoke the law to regulate access to these places.
“the antiquated defence of insanity is rarely invoked in England”
Rather than answer the question, the witness invoked the Fifth Amendment against incriminating himself.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : invoke
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : invocation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to call on something or someone, esp. God, for
(v) to use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action

متوسل شدن به خدا یا مقدسات، استناد کردن به

317
Q

(adj) able to judge or consider something fairly without allowing your own interest to influence you. not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument = unbiased

بی طرف یا بی طرفانه

A

impartial
impartial advice
A trial must be fair and impartial.
The jury has to give an impartial verdict after listening to all of the evidence.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : impartiality بی طرفی
صفت ( adjective ) : impartial
قید ( adverb ) : impartially بی طرفانه

= unbiased, unprejudiced, neutral, non-partisan, non-discriminatory

318
Q

impartial
impartial advice
A trial must be fair and impartial.
The jury has to give an impartial verdict after listening to all of the evidence.

فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : impartiality بی طرفی
صفت ( adjective ) : impartial
قید ( adverb ) : impartially بی طرفانه

A

(adj) able to judge or consider something fairly without allowing your own interest to influence you. not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument = unbiased

بی طرف یا بی طرفانه

319
Q

(adj) much more than usual or expected, and unreasonably or unusually large in size or degree = excessive

بیش از حد

A

inordinate
Margot has always spent an inordinate amount of time on her appearance.
“the case had taken up an inordinate amount of time”
the airlines had to cancer an inordinate number of flights due to the fog.

(adv) inordinately

= excessive

320
Q

inordinate
Margot has always spent an inordinate amount of time on her appearance.
“the case had taken up an inordinate amount of time”
the airlines had to cancer an inordinate number of flights due to the fog.

(adv) inordinately

A

(adj) much more than usual or expected, and unreasonably or unusually large in size or degree = excessive

بیش از حد

321
Q

(v, passive usually) to give someone so much work or so many things that they cannot deal with it all = overwhelm
(v) to flood (an area) with water

با سیلی/انبوهی از … مواجه شدن - زیرآب کردن

A

inundate
We have been inundated with requests for help.
After appearing on TV they were inundated with telephone calls for a week.
We were inundated with complaints when the show had to be canceled.
……………………………………………………………………….
Floods inundated various Indian communities.
“the islands may be the first to be inundated as sea levels rise”

= overwhelm

322
Q

inundate
We have been inundated with requests for help.
After appearing on TV they were inundated with telephone calls for a week.
We were inundated with complaints when the show had to be canceled.
……………………………………………………………………….
Floods inundated various Indian communities.
“the islands may be the first to be inundated as sea levels rise”

A

(v, passive usually) to give someone so much work or so many things that they cannot deal with it all = overwhelm
(v) to flood (an area) with water

با سیلی/انبوهی از … مواجه شدن - زیرآب کردن

323
Q

(adj) (of a role or status) existing in name or thought only, and not in reality .
(adj) (of a price or charge) very small; far below the real value or cost.

اسمی - ( درمورد پول ) بسیار ناچیز و کمتر از ارزش واقعی

A

nominal
“Thailand retained nominal independence under Japanese military occupation”
He’s the nominal head of the university.
……………………………………………………..
“they charge a nominal fee for the service”

324
Q

nominal
“Thailand retained nominal independence under Japanese military occupation”
He’s the nominal head of the university.
……………………………………………………..
“they charge a nominal fee for the service”

A

(adj) (of a role or status) existing in name or thought only, and not in reality .
(adj) (of a price or charge) very small; far below the real value or cost.

اسمی - ( درمورد پول ) بسیار ناچیز و کمتر از ارزش واقعی

325
Q

(adj) very small:

A

diminutive
He’s a diminutive figure, less than five feet tall.
My grandmother was a diminutive woman, less than 5 feet tall.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : diminish
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : diminution
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : diminutive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

…………………………………………..
diminish
to reduce or be reduced in size or importance
کم کردن یا کم اهمیت جلوه دادن
* I don’t want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.
* A single-payer system would diminish the bureaucratic cost of health care

326
Q

diminutive
He’s a diminutive figure, less than five feet tall.
My grandmother was a diminutive woman, less than 5 feet tall.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : diminish
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : diminution
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : diminutive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

…………………………………………..
diminish
to reduce or be reduced in size or importance
کم کردن یا کم اهمیت جلوه دادن
* I don’t want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.
* A single-payer system would diminish the bureaucratic cost of health care

A

(adj) very small:

327
Q

(v) reach a climax or point of highest development.(If an event or series of events …. in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point)

در نهایت به نقطه ی عطفی ختم شدن

A

culminate
culminate in/with something
“weeks of violence culminated in the brutal murder of a magistrate”
My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and finally culminated in my resignation.
Their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure for the disease.

(n) culmination

=finish, conclude

328
Q

culminate
culminate in/with something
“weeks of violence culminated in the brutal murder of a magistrate”
My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and finally culminated in my resignation.
Their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure for the disease.

A

(v) reach a climax or point of highest development.(If an event or series of events …. in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point)

در نهایت به نقطه ی عطفی ختم شدن

329
Q

(n) someone’s outward behaviour or appearance

رفتار یا ظاهر ظاهری کسی

A

demeanor or demeanour
The boss has a calm, reassuring demeanor.
He was surprised by her calm demeanour.
in someone’s demeanour
There was nothing in his demeanour that suggested he was anxious.
demeanour of
She has the demeanour of a woman who is contented with her life.
A small man of cheery demeanour came to greet us.

= conduct

330
Q

demeanor or demeanour
The boss has a calm, reassuring demeanor.
He was surprised by her calm demeanour.
in someone’s demeanour
There was nothing in his demeanour that suggested he was anxious.
demeanour of
She has the demeanour of a woman who is contented with her life.
A small man of cheery demeanour came to greet us.

A

(n) someone’s outward behaviour or appearance

رفتار یا ظاهر ظاهری کسی

331
Q

(adj) not correct;false (based on a mistaken belief.)

غلط

A

fallacious
His argument is based on fallacious reasoning.
“fallacious arguments”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fallacy = a false belief باور غلط
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fallacious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fallaciously

= false, incorrect

332
Q

fallacious
His argument is based on fallacious reasoning.
“fallacious arguments”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fallacy = a false belief باور غلط
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fallacious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fallaciously

A

(adj) not correct;false (based on a mistaken belief.)

غلط

333
Q

1

(v) to use something such as authority, power, influence,force, quality etc. in order to make something happen
(v) make a physical or mental effort.

به کار بستن چیزی، به کار گرفتن - از کسی کار کشیدن

A

exert
To cut costs, health-insurance plans are exerting tighter control over paying for medical care.
If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision.
the moon exerts a force on the Earth
Some managers exert considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without being paid.
……………………………………
exert yourself/myself/himself…….
Try not to exert yourself while you are recovering - it could set you back.
“he needs to exert himself to try to find an answer”
As soon as we stop exerting ourselves, our heart rate should return to normal.

334
Q

exert
To cut costs, health-insurance plans are exerting tighter control over paying for medical care.
If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision.
the moon exerts a force on the Earth
Some managers exert considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without being paid.
……………………………………
exert yourself/myself/himself…….
Try not to exert yourself while you are recovering - it could set you back.
“he needs to exert himself to try to find an answer”
As soon as we stop exerting ourselves, our heart rate should return to normal.

A

(v) to use something such as authority, power, influence,force, quality etc. in order to make something happen
(v) make a physical or mental effort.

به کار بستن چیزی، به کار گرفتن - از کسی کار کشیدن

335
Q

(adj) (of a person) able to bend and move easily and smoothly
(v) warm up in preparation for exercise or activity, especially sport or athletics.

1. نرم. انعطاف پذیر 2. نرمش کردن. ( خود را ) گرم کردن

A

limber
“I have to practise to keep myself limber”
…………………………………
“the acrobats were limbering up for the big show”

336
Q

limber
“I have to practise to keep myself limber”
…………………………………
“the acrobats were limbering up for the big show”

A

(adj) (of a person) able to bend and move easily and smoothly
(v) warm up in preparation for exercise or activity, especially sport or athletics.

1. نرم. انعطاف پذیر 2. نرمش کردن. ( خود را ) گرم کردن

337
Q

(n) an idea or opinion formed before enough information is available to form it correctly

تعصب - تصور قبلی ( تصور بدون اطلاعات و تجربه )

A

preconception
Many people still have preconceptions about how Native Americans live.
Try to go into the meeting without too many preconceptions about what the other group wants.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : preconceive
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : preconception
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : preconceived
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

338
Q

preconception
Many people still have preconceptions about how Native Americans live.
Try to go into the meeting without too many preconceptions about what the other group wants.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : preconceive
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : preconception
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : preconceived
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(n) an idea or opinion formed before enough information is available to form it correctly

تعصب - تصور قبلی ( تصور بدون اطلاعات و تجربه )

339
Q

(adj) old-fashioned or unsuitable for modern society

قدیمی - منسوخ شده

A

antiquated
It will take many years to modernize these antiquated industries.
Compared with modern satellite dishes, ordinary TV aerials look positively antiquated.
antiquated ideas/attitudes/values
antiquated laws/machinery/technology
(n) antique

340
Q

antiquated
It will take many years to modernize these antiquated industries.
Compared with modern satellite dishes, ordinary TV aerials look positively antiquated.
antiquated ideas/attitudes/values
antiquated laws/machinery/technology
(n) antique

A

(adj) old-fashioned or unsuitable for modern society

قدیمی - منسوخ شده

341
Q

1.(adj) (of an argument,plan, idea, theory, or policy) logical and consistent.
1.(adj) (of a person) able to expressing oneself clearly.
2.(adj) forming a unified whole.

منطقی و منسجم , قابل فهم

A

coherent
“they failed to develop a coherent economic strategy”
The president has not presented a coherent plan for dealing with it.
…………………
When she calmed down, she was more coherent (= able to speak clearly and be understood).
I should warn you, she’s not always coherent.
………………………………
“the arts could be systematized into one coherent body of knowledge”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : cohere
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : coherence / coherency / cohesion2 / cohesiveness2
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : coherent / cohesive2
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : coherently

342
Q

coherent
“they failed to develop a coherent economic strategy”
The president has not presented a coherent plan for dealing with it.
…………………
When she calmed down, she was more coherent (= able to speak clearly and be understood).
I should warn you, she’s not always coherent.
………………………………
“the arts could be systematized into one coherent body of knowledge”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : cohere
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : coherence / coherency / cohesion2 / cohesiveness2
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : coherent / cohesive2
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : coherently

A

1.(adj) (of an argument,plan, idea, theory, or policy) logical and consistent.
1.(adj) (of a person) able to expressing oneself clearly.
2.(adj) forming a unified whole.

منطقی و منسجم , قابل فهم

343
Q

(v) to invent or produce something false in order to deceive someone:

جعل کردن یا داستان سر هم کردن

A

fabricate
“officers fabricated evidence”
He was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble.
He claims that the police fabricated evidence against him.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : fabricate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fabrication
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fabricate​d
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

= make sth up

344
Q

fabricate
“officers fabricated evidence”
He was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble.
He claims that the police fabricated evidence against him.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : fabricate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fabrication
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fabricate​d
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) to invent or produce something false in order to deceive someone:

جعل کردن یا داستان سر هم کردن

345
Q

(adj) relating to a whole group or category of thing

عمومی و متداول و شایع

A

generic
The new range of engines all had a generic problem with their fan blades.
Jazz is a generic term for a wide range of different styles of music.
“chèvre is a generic term for all goat’s milk cheese”

(adv) generically

346
Q

generic
The new range of engines all had a generic problem with their fan blades.
Jazz is a generic term for a wide range of different styles of music.
“chèvre is a generic term for all goat’s milk cheese”

(adv) generically

A

(adj) relating to a whole group or category of thing

عمومی و متداول و شایع

347
Q

(n) a thorough investigation into a crime or other matter; a careful and detailed examination
(v) to search into or examine or investigation something

(تحقیق و تفحص (کردن

A

probe
The probe explored allegations of corruption in the police department.
…………………………………………
[ I ] Investigators are probing into new evidence in the case.

348
Q

probe
The probe explored allegations of corruption in the police department.
…………………………………………
[ I ] Investigators are probing into new evidence in the case.

A

(n) a thorough investigation into a crime or other matter; a careful and detailed examination
(v) to search into or examine or investigation something

(تحقیق و تفحص (کردن

349
Q

(v,n) to feed and care for a child, or to help someone or something develop by encouraging that person or thing

پرورش (دادن) = حمایت و تشویق توسعه چیزی

A

nurture
As a record company director, his job is to nurture young talent.
Winifred nurtured ambitions for her daughter to be a surgeon.
She wants to stay at home and nurture her children.
a carefully nurtured garden
Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or nurture?
(adj) nurturing

= cultivate

350
Q

nurture
As a record company director, his job is to nurture young talent.
Winifred nurtured ambitions for her daughter to be a surgeon.
She wants to stay at home and nurture her children.
a carefully nurtured garden
Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or nurture?
(adj) nurturing

A

(v,n) to feed and care for a child, or to help someone or something develop by encouraging that person or thing

پرورش (دادن) = حمایت و تشویق توسعه چیزی

351
Q

(v) to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop:
(v) try to acquire or develop (a quality or skill).

کشت و زراعت کردن - پرورش و توسعه دادن

A

cultivate
“the peasants who cultivated the land became its owners”
Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate.
The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans.
……………………………..
“he cultivated an air of indifference”
She has cultivated an image as a tough negotiator.
We’re trying to help these kids cultivate an interest in science.
to cultivate friendships

✅ فعل ( verb ) : cultivate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cultivation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cultivate​d
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

352
Q

cultivate
“the peasants who cultivated the land became its owners”
Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate.
The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans.
……………………………..
“he cultivated an air of indifference”
She has cultivated an image as a tough negotiator.
We’re trying to help these kids cultivate an interest in science.
to cultivate friendships

✅ فعل ( verb ) : cultivate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cultivation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cultivate​d
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

کشت و زراعت کردن - پرورش و توسعه دادن

A

(v) to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop:
(v) try to acquire or develop (a quality or skill).

353
Q

(v) make more noticeable or prominent.(to emphasize a particular feature of something or to make something more noticeable)

برجسته کردن , توی چشم و مشخص کردن

A

accentuate
Her dress was tightly belted, accentuating the slimness of her waist.
The new policy only serves to accentuate the inadequacy of help for the homeless.
The short black dress accentuated her slenderness.
“his jacket unfortunately accentuated his paunch”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : accentuate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : accentuation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

354
Q

accentuate
Her dress was tightly belted, accentuating the slimness of her waist.
The new policy only serves to accentuate the inadequacy of help for the homeless.
The short black dress accentuated her slenderness.
“his jacket unfortunately accentuated his paunch”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : accentuate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : accentuation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) make more noticeable or prominent.(to emphasize a particular feature of something or to make something more noticeable)

برجسته کردن , توی چشم و مشخص کردن

355
Q

(v) to (cause to) start burning or explode
(v) arouse or inflame (an emotion or situation).

مشتعل شدن یا کردن، شعله ور کردن - بر انگیختن

A

ignite
The fuel spontaneously ignites because of the high temperature and pressure.
The proposed restrictions have ignited a storm of protest.
……………………………………………..
to ignite a controversy
The proposed restrictions have ignited a storm of protest.
“the words ignited new fury in him”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : ignite
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ignition
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ignitable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

= kindle

356
Q

ignite
The fuel spontaneously ignites because of the high temperature and pressure.
The proposed restrictions have ignited a storm of protest.
……………………………………………..
to ignite a controversy
The proposed restrictions have ignited a storm of protest.
“the words ignited new fury in him”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : ignite
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ignition
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ignitable
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to (cause to) start burning or explode
(v) arouse or inflame (an emotion or situation).

مشتعل شدن یا کردن، شعله ور کردن - بر انگیختن

357
Q

conceal
The listening device was concealed in a pen.
I tried to conceal my surprise when she told me her age.
It was said that the police concealed vital evidence.
Is there something you’re concealing from me?
فعل ( verb ) : conceal
اسم ( noun ) : concealment / concealer کرم مخفی کننده موقت لکه صورت
صفت ( adjective ) : concealed
قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to prevent something from being seen or known about; to hide something

پنهان کردن

358
Q

(v) set (something) on fire.
(v) arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling).

شعله ور کردن - باعث شدن اینکه احساسات کسی برانگیخته بشه و به وجود بیاد

A

kindle
We set up our tents and kindled a fire.
………………………
“a love of art was kindled in me”
Her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her.
Great literature kindled their imaginations (= made them work).
“she hesitated, suspicion kindling within her”

359
Q

kindle
We set up our tents and kindled a fire.
………………………
“a love of art was kindled in me”
Her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her.
Great literature kindled their imaginations (= made them work).
“she hesitated, suspicion kindling within her”

A

(v) set (something) on fire.
(v) arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling).

شعله ور کردن - باعث شدن اینکه احساسات کسی برانگیخته بشه و به وجود بیاد

360
Q

(v) to prevent something from being seen or known about; to hide something

پنهان کردن

A

conceal
The listening device was concealed in a pen.
I tried to conceal my surprise when she told me her age.
It was said that the police concealed vital evidence.
Is there something you’re concealing from me?
فعل ( verb ) : conceal
اسم ( noun ) : concealment / concealer کرم مخفی کننده موقت لکه صورت
صفت ( adjective ) : concealed
قید ( adverb ) : _

361
Q

(adj) no longer used or needed, usually because something newer and better has replaced it

منسوخ شده

A

obsolete
Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented.
Typewriters have been rendered obsolete by computers.
“the disposal of old and obsolete machinery”
(n) obsolescence

362
Q

obsolete
Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented.
Typewriters have been rendered obsolete by computers.
“the disposal of old and obsolete machinery”
(n) obsolescence

A

(adj) no longer used or needed, usually because something newer and better has replaced it

منسوخ شده

363
Q

(adj) not thinking about or interested in someone or something
(adj) not good, but not very bad

بی تفاوت

  1. بی تفاوت، خنثی، بی میل

2 متوسط، نه چندان خوب، نه چندان تعریفی

A

indifferent
Why don’t you vote - how can you be so indifferent (to what is going on)?
He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers.
an indifferent student
She was utterly indifferent to his irritation.
……………………………………..
We didn’t like the restaurant much - the food was indifferent and the service rather slow.
(n) indifference

364
Q

indifferent
Why don’t you vote - how can you be so indifferent (to what is going on)?
He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers.
an indifferent student
She was utterly indifferent to his irritation.
……………………………………..
We didn’t like the restaurant much - the food was indifferent and the service rather slow.
(n) indifference

A

(adj) not thinking about or interested in someone or something
(adj) not good, but not very bad

  1. بی تفاوت، خنثی، بی میل

2 متوسط، نه چندان خوب، نه چندان تعریفی

365
Q

(v) to tell a story, often by reading aloud from a text, or to describe events as they happen

داستانی را تعریف کردن ، روایت کردن

A

narrate
Documentaries are often narrated by well-known actors.
One by one the witnesses narrated the sequence of events which led up to the disaster.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : narrate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : narration = narrative = داستان , روایت / narrator
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : narrative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

366
Q

narrate
Documentaries are often narrated by well-known actors.
One by one the witnesses narrated the sequence of events which led up to the disaster.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : narrate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : narration = narrative = داستان , روایت / narrator
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : narrative
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to tell a story, often by reading aloud from a text, or to describe events as they happen

داستانی را تعریف کردن ، روایت کردن

367
Q

(v) to fail to include or do something (leave out or exclude (someone or something), either intentionally or forgetfully.)

حذف کردن، از قلم انداختن

A

omit
She was omitted from the list of contributors to the report.
The Prince’s tour conveniently omitted the most deprived areas of the city.
She omitted to mention that she would be away next week.
I’d be upset if my name were omitted from the list of contributors.
“he was omitted from the second Test”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : omit
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : omission
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : omitted
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

= leave out, neglect

368
Q

omit
She was omitted from the list of contributors to the report.
The Prince’s tour conveniently omitted the most deprived areas of the city.
She omitted to mention that she would be away next week.
I’d be upset if my name were omitted from the list of contributors.
“he was omitted from the second Test”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : omit
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : omission
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : omitted
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to fail to include or do something (leave out or exclude (someone or something), either intentionally or forgetfully.)

حذف کردن، از قلم انداختن

369
Q

(adj) looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar.

عجیب و غریب

A

outlandish
an outlandish hairstyle/outfit
She liked to dress in outlandish clothes.
“outlandish, brightly coloured clothes”
(adv) outlandish

370
Q

outlandish
an outlandish hairstyle/outfit
She liked to dress in outlandish clothes.
“outlandish, brightly coloured clothes”
(adv) outlandish

A

(adj) looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar.

عجیب و غریب

371
Q

(v) to shape something so that it moves as easily as possible through air or water
(v) to change something (esp. an organization or system) so that it works better, esp. by making it simpler

آیرودینامیک کردن - ساده و موثر کردن

A

streamline
Designers streamlined the boat, hoping to improve its performance.
Streamlining cars increases their fuel efficiency.
…………………………………………..
The company streamlined its operations and increased its profits.
The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company.
Leading organizations use software to streamline their workflow.
Streamlining management could save at least 15 percent in costs

(adj) streamlined

=simplify

372
Q

streamline
Designers streamlined the boat, hoping to improve its performance.
Streamlining cars increases their fuel efficiency.
…………………………………………..
The company streamlined its operations and increased its profits.
The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company.
Leading organizations use software to streamline their workflow.
Streamlining management could save at least 15 percent in costs

(adj) streamlined

A

(v) to shape something so that it moves as easily as possible through air or water
(v) to change something (esp. an organization or system) so that it works better, esp. by making it simpler

آیرودینامیک کردن - ساده و موثر کردن

373
Q

(n) a sudden release of strong emotion.

فوران(احساسات)

A

outburst
an outburst of creative activity
Her comments provoked an outburst of anger from the boss.
the joke caused an outburst of laughter from the audience.

=eruption

374
Q

outburst
an outburst of creative activity
Her comments provoked an outburst of anger from the boss.
the joke caused an outburst of laughter from the audience.

A

(n) a sudden release of strong emotion.

فوران(احساسات)

375
Q

(adj) a strong supporter of a party, cause, point of view, or person.

طرفدار سرسخت، متعصب ، حزبی

A

partisan
The audience was very partisan, and refused to listen to her speech.
partisan politics
Admittedly, it is bold to imagine that physicians or patients will become deep ecologists or environmental partisans any time soon.

(n) partisanship
The political parties are more divided by partisanship than ever before.

= biased

ant= non-partisan

376
Q

partisan
The audience was very partisan, and refused to listen to her speech.
partisan politics
Admittedly, it is bold to imagine that physicians or patients will become deep ecologists or environmental partisans any time soon.

(n) partisanship
The political parties are more divided by partisanship than ever before.

A

(adj) a strong supporter of a party, cause, point of view, or person.

طرفدار سرسخت، متعصب ، حزبی

377
Q

(adj) (of a person or organization) seeking to promote the welfare of others. helping poor people, especially by giving them money

بشردوستانه

A

philanthropic
He is known for his philanthropic work for children in Africa.
philanthropic organizations/projects/ventures
“they receive financial support from philanthropic bodies”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : philanthropy / philanthropist
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : philanthropic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : philanthropically

= humanitarian

378
Q

philanthropic
He is known for his philanthropic work for children in Africa.
philanthropic organizations/projects/ventures
“they receive financial support from philanthropic bodies”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : philanthropy / philanthropist
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : philanthropic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : philanthropically

A

(adj) (of a person or organization) seeking to promote the welfare of others. helping poor people, especially by giving them money

بشردوستانه

379
Q

(adj) calm or not easily upset or excited

آرام و خونسرد

A

placid
a slow-moving and placid river
the placid pace of village life
She was a very placid (= calm and not easily excited) child who slept all night and hardly ever cried.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : placidity =placidness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : placid
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : placidly

380
Q

placid
a slow-moving and placid river
the placid pace of village life
She was a very placid (= calm and not easily excited) child who slept all night and hardly ever cried.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : placidity =placidness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : placid
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : placidly

A

(adj) calm or not easily upset or excited

آرام و خونسرد

381
Q

(adj) having or showing beautiful natural surroundings

خوش منظره

A

scenic
“the scenic route from Florence to Siena”
an area of outstanding scenic beauty
a scenic drive/railway

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : scene / scenery
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : scenic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : scenic​ally

= picturesque

382
Q

scenic
“the scenic route from Florence to Siena”
an area of outstanding scenic beauty
a scenic drive/railway

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : scene / scenery
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : scenic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : scenic​ally

A

(adj) having or showing beautiful natural surroundings

خوش منظره

383
Q

(adj) (esp. of a place or building) attractive in appearance, especially in an old-fashioned way

دیدنی, تماشایی

A

picturesque
the picturesque narrow streets of the old city
We strolled through the picturesque streets of the old city.

384
Q

picturesque
the picturesque narrow streets of the old city
We strolled through the picturesque streets of the old city.

A

(adj) (esp. of a place or building) attractive in appearance, especially in an old-fashioned way

= دیدنی, تماشایی

385
Q

(adj) having only a short distance from the top to the bottom
(adj) not showing serious or careful thought or real understanding:

کم عمق - سطحی

A

shallow
shallow water
Transfer the tofu and broccoli to a shallow bowl.
The stream was fairly shallow so we were able to walk across it.
She told her children to stay in the shallow end (of the swimming pool).
……………………………………………………
Reviewers called the book lightweight, shallow, and simplistic.
“a shallow analysis of contemporary society”
I thought the film was pretty shallow.
He’s physically attractive, but shallow.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : shallowness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : shallow
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : shalowly

= superficial

386
Q

shallow
shallow water
Transfer the tofu and broccoli to a shallow bowl.
The stream was fairly shallow so we were able to walk across it.
She told her children to stay in the shallow end (of the swimming pool).
……………………………………………………
Reviewers called the book lightweight, shallow, and simplistic.
“a shallow analysis of contemporary society”
I thought the film was pretty shallow.
He’s physically attractive, but shallow.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : shallowness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : shallow
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : shalowly

A

(adj) having only a short distance from the top to the bottom
(adj) not showing serious or careful thought or real understanding:

کم عمق - سطحی

387
Q

(adj) protected from bad elements like weather, or isolated and protected from difficulties or unpleasant realities.

محافظت شده، مصون، ایمن

A

sheltered
We found a sheltered spot (= place) to have our picnic.
“the plants need a shady, sheltered spot in the garden”
……………………………………….
I wonder how well she will do on her own after leading such a sheltered life.
“I was a mathematics don at Cambridge living a rather sheltered life”
(v,n) shelter

388
Q

sheltered
We found a sheltered spot (= place) to have our picnic.
“the plants need a shady, sheltered spot in the garden”
……………………………………….
I wonder how well she will do on her own after leading such a sheltered life.
“I was a mathematics don at Cambridge living a rather sheltered life”
(v,n) shelter

A

(adj) protected from bad elements like weather, or isolated and protected from difficulties or unpleasant realities

محافظت شده، مصون، ایمن

389
Q

(adj) very old and from an ancient period in history, or old-fashioned.

کهنه. منسوخ - باستانی. قدیمی

A

archaic
an archaic system of government
an archaic law/rule/language
“prisons are run on archaic methods”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : archaism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : archaic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : archaically

390
Q

archaic
an archaic system of government
an archaic law/rule/language
“prisons are run on archaic methods”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : archaism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : archaic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : archaically

A

(adj) very old and from an ancient period in history, or old-fashioned.

کهنه. منسوخ - باستانی. قدیمی

391
Q

(v) to cause someone to understand something by explaining it or by bringing new information or facts to that person’s attention

روشن کردن، آگاه کردن، شیر فهم کردن

A

enlighten
The show is meant to both enlighten and entertain.
We hope the pamphlet will enlighten voters about the issues.
Should the function of children’s television be to entertain or to enlighten?
I don’t understand this. Could you enlighten me?

✅ فعل ( verb ) : light / enlighten / lighten
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : light / enlightenment / lighter / lighting / lightness / lightning
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : light / lighted / lightning / enlightening / enlightened
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

= instruct

392
Q

enlighten
The show is meant to both enlighten and entertain.
We hope the pamphlet will enlighten voters about the issues.
Should the function of children’s television be to entertain or to enlighten?
I don’t understand this. Could you enlighten me?

✅ فعل ( verb ) : light / enlighten / lighten
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : light / enlightenment / lighter / lighting / lightness / lightning
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : light / lighted / lightning / enlightening / enlightened
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) to cause someone to understand something by explaining it or by bringing new information or facts to that person’s attention

= روشن کردن، آگاه کردن، شیر فهم کردن

393
Q

(v) to order or tell someone to do something, especially in a formal way
(v) to teach someone how to do something

دستور دادن - آموزش دادن

A

instruct
The police have been instructed to patrol the building and surrounding area.
“she instructed him to wait”
The police have been instructed not to let anyone leave the area.
……………………………………………..
instruct someone in something
He works in a sports centre instructing people in the use of the gym equipment.
“he instructed them in the use of firearms”
I need someone to instruct me on how to use the computer.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : instruct
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : instruction / instructor
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : instructional آموزشی / instruction / instructive آموزنده
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : instructively

= enlighten

394
Q

instruct
The police have been instructed to patrol the building and surrounding area.
“she instructed him to wait”
The police have been instructed not to let anyone leave the area.
……………………………………………..
instruct someone in something
He works in a sports centre instructing people in the use of the gym equipment.
“he instructed them in the use of firearms”
I need someone to instruct me on how to use the computer.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : instruct
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : instruction / instructor
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : instructional آموزشی / instruction / instructive آموزنده
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : instructively

A

(v) to order or tell someone to do something, especially in a formal way
(v) to teach someone how to do something

دستور دادن - آموزش دادن

395
Q

(v) to hurry, or to make something go or happen faster

عجله کردن - تسریع کردن

A

hasten
They didn’t get what they were after – thanks to you, I hasten to add.
To hasten softening, place the cream cheese in the oven for a few minutes.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : hasten
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : haste عجله یا شتاب/ hastiness = شتابزدگی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : hasty عجولانه و شتاب زده
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : hastily

= accelerate

396
Q

hasten
They didn’t get what they were after – thanks to you, I hasten to add.
To hasten softening, place the cream cheese in the oven for a few minutes.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : hasten
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : haste/ hastiness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : hasty
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : hastily

A

(v) to hurry, or to make something go or happen faster

عجله کردن - تسریع کردن

397
Q

(n) a colour or shade.

رنگ

A

hue
In the Caribbean waters there are fish of every hue.
“the water is the deepest hue of aquamarine”

= color

398
Q

hue
In the Caribbean waters there are fish of every hue.
“the water is the deepest hue of aquamarine”

A

(n) a colour or shade.

رنگ

399
Q

(adj) doing nothing (not engaging in or involving any or much physical activity, or not moving.)

غیر فعال

A

inactive
It’s bad for your health to be physically inactive.
The property market remains largely inactive.
Knee surgery will keep him physically inactive for two months.
About half of the club members are inactive.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : inactivate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inactivity
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inactive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

= idle

400
Q

inactive
It’s bad for your health to be physically inactive.
The property market remains largely inactive.
Knee surgery will keep him physically inactive for two months.
About half of the club members are inactive.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : inactivate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inactivity
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inactive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(adj) doing nothing (not engaging in or involving any or much physical activity, or not moving.)

غیر فعال

401
Q

(adj) not working, not active, or doing nothing or being used
(adj) without any particular purpose, or effect; pointless.
(adj) (of a person) avoiding work; lazy.
(v) spend time doing nothing.(esp, of an engine or machine, it is operating but not doing any work)

بیکار و بلا استفاده - بیهوده - تنبل - درجا کار کردن ( موتور اتومبیل ) ، روشن گذاشتن ( موتور ) یا به بطالت گذراندن

A

idle
stand idle
Half these factories now stand idle.
sit idle
It’s crazy to have £7,000 sitting idle in the bank.
………………………………………………….
idle chatter/gossip/speculation
an idle glance
This is no idle threat.
“he did not want to waste valuable time in idle chatter”
………………………………………………….
“idle students”
He’s a very able student, he’s just bone idle (= very lazy).
…………………………………………..
“four men were idling outside the shop”
He left the engine idling and ran into the shop.
Let the engine idle for a minute before you put the car in gear.

402
Q

idle
stand idle
Half these factories now stand idle.
sit idle
It’s crazy to have £7,000 sitting idle in the bank.
………………………………………………….
idle chatter/gossip/speculation
an idle glance
This is no idle threat.
“he did not want to waste valuable time in idle chatter”
………………………………………………….
“idle students”
He’s a very able student, he’s just bone idle (= very lazy).
…………………………………………..
“four men were idling outside the shop”
He left the engine idling and ran into the shop.
Let the engine idle for a minute before you put the car in gear.

A

(adj) not working, not active, or doing nothing or being used
(adj) without any particular purpose, or effect; pointless.
(adj) (of a person) avoiding work; lazy.
(v) spend time doing nothing.(esp, of an engine or machine, it is operating but not doing any work)

بیکار و بلا استفاده - بیهوده - تنبل - درجا کار کردن ( موتور اتومبیل ) ، روشن گذاشتن ( موتور ) یا به بطالت گذراندن

403
Q

(n) large size or great importance

عظمت (اندازه یا اهمیت زیاد)

A

magnitude
They don’t seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem.
“they may feel discouraged at the magnitude of the task before them”
The magnitude of the task would have discouraged an ordinary man.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : magnify
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : magnification بزرگ نمایی / magnifier / magnificence شکوه و عظمت/ magnitude عظمت (اندازه یا اهمیت زیاد)
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : magnificent با شکوه
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : magnificently
……………………….
magnify بزرگ نمایی کردن، بزرگ جلوه دادن
1. make (something) appear larger than it is, especially with a lens or microscope.
* Although your skin looks smooth, when magnified you can see a lot of little bumps and holes
2. make sth seem more important or more serious than it really is (esp problems) = exaggerate
* The hot summer magnified the racial tensions in the community.
* He always magnifies the problems and inconveniences of travel.

404
Q

magnitude
They don’t seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem.
“they may feel discouraged at the magnitude of the task before them”
The magnitude of the task would have discouraged an ordinary man.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : magnify
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : magnification / magnifier / magnificence / magnitude
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : magnificent
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : magnificently
……………………….
magnify
1. make (something) appear larger than it is, especially with a lens or microscope.
* Although your skin looks smooth, when magnified you can see a lot of little bumps and holes
2. make sth seem more important or more serious than it really is (esp problems) = exaggerate
* The hot summer magnified the racial tensions in the community.
* He always magnifies the problems and inconveniences of travel.

A

(n) large size or great importance

عظمت (اندازه یا اهمیت زیاد)

405
Q

(v) to not allow something to influence you; ignore
(n) the action or state of paying no attention or lack of consideration or respect

  1. نادیده گرفتن - اعتنا نکردن - بی محلی و بی توجهی کردن نسبت به چیزی ( v )
  2. بی توجهی - بی محلی - بی اعتنایی ( n )
A

disregard
“the body of evidence is too substantial to disregard”
The jury was told to disregard the comments made by the witness.’
He told us to disregard everything we’d learned so far and start again.
……………………………….
What amazes me is her complete disregard for anyone else’s opinion.
The writer has shown a reckless disregard for the truth.
“blatant disregard for the law”

406
Q

disregard
“the body of evidence is too substantial to disregard”
The jury was told to disregard the comments made by the witness.’
He told us to disregard everything we’d learned so far and start again.
……………………………….
What amazes me is her complete disregard for anyone else’s opinion.
The writer has shown a reckless disregard for the truth.
“blatant disregard for the law”

A

(v) to not allow something to influence you; ignore
(n) the action or state of paying no attention or lack of consideration or respect

  1. نادیده گرفتن - اعتنا نکردن - بی محلی و بی توجهی کردن نسبت به چیزی ( v )
  2. بی توجهی - بی محلی - بی اعتنایی ( n )
407
Q

(adj) having similar features to another thing and therefore able to be compared with it

شبیه ( به. . ) ، قابل قیاس ( با . . )

A

analogous
The experience of a mystic trance is in a sense analogous to sleep or drunkenness.
The emergency vehicle for the International Space Station is analogous to a lifeboat.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : analogize
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : analogy
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : analogous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

408
Q

analogous
The experience of a mystic trance is in a sense analogous to sleep or drunkenness.
The emergency vehicle for the International Space Station is analogous to a lifeboat.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : analogize
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : analogy
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : analogous
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(adj) having similar features to another thing and therefore able to be compared with it

شبیه ( به. . ) ، قابل قیاس ( با . . )

409
Q

(v) force or oblige (someone) to do something.

مجبور کردن یا وادار کردن

A

compel
As a schoolboy he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter.
The new circumstances compelled a change in policy.
“a sense of duty compelled Harry to answer her questions”
“they may compel a witness’s attendance at court by issue of a summons”
فعل ( verb ) : compel
اسم ( noun ) : compulsion
صفت ( adjective ) : compulsive / compulsory / compelling
قید ( adverb ) : compulsively / compulsorily / compellingly
………………………………………………………….
(adj) compulsive (adv) compulsively
having a very strong desire to do something repeatedly and unable to stop doing it
a compulsive liar/thief/eater/shopper
compulsive gambling/eating
a compulsive eating disorder
He is compulsively neat. وسواس گونه
…………………………………………………………………
(adj) compulsory اجباری (adv) compulsorily
(of something) that must be done; necessary by law or a rule= obligatory=mandatory
compulsory military service
Swimming was compulsory at my school.
The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory.
………………………………………………………………..
(adj) compelling قانع کننده (adv) compellingly
persuasive and makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong=convincing=persuasive
compelling evidence
It’s a fairly compelling argument for going.

=force, oblige

410
Q

compel
As a schoolboy he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter.
The new circumstances compelled a change in policy.
“a sense of duty compelled Harry to answer her questions”
“they may compel a witness’s attendance at court by issue of a summons”
فعل ( verb ) : compel
اسم ( noun ) : compulsion
صفت ( adjective ) : compulsive / compulsory / compelling
قید ( adverb ) : compulsively / compulsorily / compellingly
………………………………………………………….
(adj) compulsive (adv) compulsively
having a very strong desire to do something repeatedly and unable to stop doing it
a compulsive liar/thief/eater/shopper
compulsive gambling/eating
a compulsive eating disorder
He is compulsively neat. وسواس گونه
…………………………………………………………………
(adj) compulsory (adv) compulsorily
(of something) that must be done; necessary by law or a rule= obligatory=mandatory
compulsory military service
Swimming was compulsory at my school.
The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory.
………………………………………………………………..
(adj) compelling (adv) compellingly
persuasive and makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong=convincing=persuasive
compelling evidence
It’s a fairly compelling argument for going.

مجبور کردن یا وادار کردن

A

(v) force or oblige (someone) to do something.

=force, oblige

411
Q

(v) to collect information from a variety of places and arrange it in a book, report, or list

گردآوری کردن (جمع آوری اطلاعات از مکان های مختلف و مرتب کردن آن در یک کتاب، گزارش یا فهرست)

A

compile
“the local authority must compile a list of the names and addresses of taxpayers”
We’re compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the subject.
We’re compiling some facts and figures for an article on the Russian economy.

(n) compilation

= collect or gather or assemble

412
Q

compile
“the local authority must compile a list of the names and addresses of taxpayers”
We’re compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the subject.
We’re compiling some facts and figures for an article on the Russian economy.

(n) compilation

A

(v) to collect information from a variety of places and arrange it in a book, report, or list

= collect or gather or assemble

گردآوری کردن (جمع آوری اطلاعات از مکان های مختلف و مرتب کردن آن در یک کتاب، گزارش یا فهرست)

413
Q

(adj) causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult

مهیب و سرسخت

A

formidable
a formidable obstacle/task
a formidable adversary/enemy/opponent
a formidable intellect

(adv) formidably

414
Q

formidable
a formidable obstacle/task
a formidable adversary/enemy/opponent
a formidable intellect

(adv) formidably

A

(adj) causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult

مهیب و سرسخت

415
Q

(adj) being inside or being involved in a situation where you are not wanted or do not belong

مزاحم، سرزده و ناخوانده،آزاردهنده

A

intrusive
She found some of the interviewer’s questions intrusive.
He’s fought for less intrusive government.
Investigative journalists are using ever more intrusive methods to reveal stories that are not in the public interest.
Obsessions are repetitive and intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images that cause marked anxiety.
intrusive lighting

✅ فعل ( verb ) : intrude
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : intrusion / intruder
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : intrusive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

………………………………………….
(v) intrude (n) intrusion / introder
to go into a place or be involved in a situation where you are not wanted or do not belong
مزاحم شدن یا بودن ، ناخوانده وارد شدن ، دخالت/مداخله کردن
* I didn’t realize your husband was here, Dr Jones - I hope I’m not intruding.
* Newspaper editors are being urged not to intrude on/into the grief of the families of missing servicemen.
* Sorry to intrude, but I wanted to insure that this got to your attention.
* Students who live in a dorm regard any curfew as intruding on their rights.
* he had no right to intrude into their lives”

416
Q

intrusive
She found some of the interviewer’s questions intrusive.
He’s fought for less intrusive government.
Investigative journalists are using ever more intrusive methods to reveal stories that are not in the public interest.
Obsessions are repetitive and intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images that cause marked anxiety.
intrusive lighting

✅ فعل ( verb ) : intrude
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : intrusion / intruder
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : intrusive
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

………………………………………….
(v) intrude (n) intrusion / introder
to go into a place or be involved in a situation where you are not wanted or do not belong
مزاحم شدن یا بودن ، ناخوانده وارد شدن ، دخالت/مداخله کردن
* I didn’t realize your husband was here, Dr Jones - I hope I’m not intruding.
* Newspaper editors are being urged not to intrude on/into the grief of the families of missing servicemen.
* Sorry to intrude, but I wanted to insure that this got to your attention.
* Students who live in a dorm regard any curfew as intruding on their rights.
* he had no right to intrude into their lives”

A

(adj) being inside or being involved in a situation where you are not wanted or do not belong

مزاحم، سرزده و ناخوانده،آزاردهنده

417
Q

(adj) likely to do, get, or suffer from something (likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a negative one, or to be affected by something bad, such as damage or an illness )

مستعد

A

prone
be prone to something/do something
farmed fish are prone to disease
As a child, he was prone to ear infections.
Carol’s kind of accident-prone (= seems to have a lot of accidents).

= inclined to

418
Q

prone
be prone to something/do something
farmed fish are prone to disease
As a child, he was prone to ear infections.
Carol’s kind of accident-prone (= seems to have a lot of accidents).

A

(adj) likely to do, get, or suffer from something (likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a negative one, or to be affected by something bad, such as damage or an illness )

مستعد

419
Q

(adj) accurately saying what will happen in the future

پیشگویانه - درست از آب دراومدن

A

prophetic
Much of Orwell’s writing now seems grimly prophetic.
His predictions about how computer technology would revolutionize the workplace were prophetic (= true).
“his warnings proved prophetic”

فعل ( verb ) : prophesy = say that (a specified thing) will happen in the future. پیشگویی کردن
اسم ( noun ) : prophecy / prophet
صفت ( adjective ) : prophetic
قید ( adverb ) : prophetically

420
Q

prophetic
Much of Orwell’s writing now seems grimly prophetic.
His predictions about how computer technology would revolutionize the workplace were prophetic (= true).
“his warnings proved prophetic”

فعل ( verb ) : prophesy = say that (a specified thing) will happen in the future. پیشگویی کردن
اسم ( noun ) : prophecy / prophet
صفت ( adjective ) : prophetic
قید ( adverb ) : prophetically

A

(adj) accurately saying what will happen in the future

پیشگویانه - درست از آب دراومدن

421
Q

(n) the state of being famous; fame

شهرت

A

renown
a woman of great renown
Her renown spread across the country.
an artist of national renown
(adj) renowned مشهور
The region is renowned for its natural beauty.

= fame, prominence

422
Q

renown
a woman of great renown
Her renown spread across the country.
an artist of national renown
(adj) renowned مشهور
The region is renowned for its natural beauty.

A

(n) the state of being famous; fame

شهرت

423
Q

(n) a great victory or success or achievement.(a complete victory or success achieved esp. after great difficulties, making the result particularly satisfying)
(v) to have a very great success or victory

موفقیت - پیروزی

A

triumph
“a garden built to celebrate Napoleon’s many triumphs”
The book celebrates the hostages’ remarkable triumph over appalling adversity.
The signing of the agreement was a personal triumph for the prime minister.
It was the Republican Party’s third election triumph in a row.
The eradication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine’s greatest triumphs.
The constitutional changes have been hailed as a triumph for democracy.
The game ended in triumph for the home team.

…………………………………………………………………
triumph over
I believe that sooner or later good must triumph over evil.
The Democrats once again triumphed in recent elections.
We visited Yorktown Battlefield on the York River, where in 1781 George Washington’s forces triumphed over the English army.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : triumph
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : triumph
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : triumphal پیروزمندانه/ triumphant پیروز
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : triumphantly

424
Q

triumph
“a garden built to celebrate Napoleon’s many triumphs”
The book celebrates the hostages’ remarkable triumph over appalling adversity.
The signing of the agreement was a personal triumph for the prime minister.
It was the Republican Party’s third election triumph in a row.
The eradication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine’s greatest triumphs.
The constitutional changes have been hailed as a triumph for democracy.
The game ended in triumph for the home team.

…………………………………………………………………
triumph over
I believe that sooner or later good must triumph over evil.
The Democrats once again triumphed in recent elections.
We visited Yorktown Battlefield on the York River, where in 1781 George Washington’s forces triumphed over the English army.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : triumph
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : triumph
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : triumphal پیروزمندانه/ triumphant پیروز
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : triumphantly

A

(n) a great victory or success or achievement.(a complete victory or success achieved esp. after great difficulties, making the result particularly satisfying)
(v) to have a very great success or victory

موفقیت - پیروزی

425
Q

(adj) having been made impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance. = polluted

آلوده، سمی

A

contaminated
“contaminated blood products”
People need to stop drinking the contaminated water.
The virus can be transmitted by food containing contaminated meat.
contaminated with
The infection was probably caused by swimming in water contaminated with sewage.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : contaminate آلوده کردن = pollute
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : contamination آلودگی = pollution / contaminant آلوده کننده = pollutant
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : contaminated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

= polluted

426
Q

contaminated
“contaminated blood products”
People need to stop drinking the contaminated water.
The virus can be transmitted by food containing contaminated meat.
contaminated with
The infection was probably caused by swimming in water contaminated with sewage.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : contaminate آلوده کردن = pollute
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : contamination آلودگی = pollution / contaminant آلوده کننده = pollutant
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : contaminated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(adj) having been made impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance. = polluted

آلوده، سمی

427
Q

1

(adj) able to be seen, recognized, or understood

قابل تشخیص - قابل مشاهده

A

discernible
The influence of Rodin is discernible in the younger artist.
There is no discernible reason why this should be the case.
“the scandal had no discernible effect on his career”
If there was meat in the soup, it was not discernible.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : discern= to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear تشخیص دادن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discernment = the ability to judge people and things well توانایی قضاوت خوب درباره اشخاص و موارد
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discerning= having or showing good judgement especially about quality= فردی با توانایی قضاوت خوب درباره اشخاص و موارد / discernible
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

= visible,detectable,noticeable,perceptible,observable,perceivable

428
Q

discernible
The influence of Rodin is discernible in the younger artist.
There is no discernible reason why this should be the case.
“the scandal had no discernible effect on his career”
If there was meat in the soup, it was not discernible.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : discern= to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear تشخیص دادن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discernment = the ability to judge people and things well توانایی قضاوت خوب درباره اشخاص و موارد
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discerning= having or showing good judgement especially about quality= فردی با توانایی قضاوت خوب درباره اشخاص و موارد / discernible
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(adj) able to be seen, recognized, or understood

قابل تشخیص - قابل مشاهده

429
Q

(adj) of only average quality; not very good.

معمولی، متوسط

A

mediocre
The film’s plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre.
Parents don’t want their children going to mediocre schools.
The movie’s plot is predictable, the dialogue is second-rate, and the acting is mediocre.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mediocrity= the quality of being not very good متوسط​بودن
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : mediocre
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

430
Q

mediocre
The film’s plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre.
Parents don’t want their children going to mediocre schools.
The movie’s plot is predictable, the dialogue is second-rate, and the acting is mediocre.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mediocrity= the quality of being not very good متوسط​بودن
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : mediocre
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(adj) of only average quality; not very good.

معمولی، متوسط

431
Q

(adj) too slight or small in amount to be important; insignificant

ناچیز، جزئی، قابل چشم پوشی

A

negligible
The difference between the two products is negligible.
My knowledge of German is negligible.
The effect on sales was negligible.
“he said that the risks were negligible”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : neglect
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : neglect / negligence = the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something سهل انگاری - غفلت
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : neglected نادیده گرفته شده است / neglectful= کوتاهی کننده، فروگذار، غافل ،سهل انگار / negligent / negligible
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : negligently
…………………………………………..
neglect
(v) to fail to give needed care or attention to someone or something غافل شدن-بی توجهی کردن-فراموش کردن انجام کاری-اهمال کردن
* She had neglected the program and allowed student interest in it to fall off.
* He neglected to tell his employer that he would be taking the day off.
* I’d neglected to give him the name of the hotel where I’d be staying.
* She’s been neglecting her studies this semester.
* He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention.
(n) a situation in which you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention غفلت-بی توجهی
Both parents were found guilty of neglect and their child was taken away from them.
Over the years the church has fallen into a state of neglect.
The park was in a sorry state of neglect.
……………………………………………….
(adj) negligent (adv) negligently (n) negligence
failing to be careful enough or to give enough attention to your responsibilities, esp. when this results in harm or loss to others سهل انگار
The judge said that the teacher had been negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerous water.
She charged her landlord with negligence for not repairing leaks that ruined her rugs.
“the council had been negligent in its supervision of the children in care”

432
Q

negligible
The difference between the two products is negligible.
My knowledge of German is negligible.
The effect on sales was negligible.
“he said that the risks were negligible”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : neglect
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : neglect / negligence = the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something سهل انگاری - غفلت
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : neglected نادیده گرفته شده است / neglectful= کوتاهی کننده، فروگذار، غافل ،سهل انگار / negligent / negligible
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : negligently
…………………………………………..
neglect
(v) to fail to give needed care or attention to someone or something غافل شدن-بی توجهی کردن-فراموش کردن انجام کاری-اهمال کردن
* She had neglected the program and allowed student interest in it to fall off.
* He neglected to tell his employer that he would be taking the day off.
* I’d neglected to give him the name of the hotel where I’d be staying.
* She’s been neglecting her studies this semester.
* He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention.
(n) a situation in which you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention غفلت-بی توجهی
Both parents were found guilty of neglect and their child was taken away from them.
Over the years the church has fallen into a state of neglect.
The park was in a sorry state of neglect.
……………………………………………….
(adj) negligent (adv) negligently (n) negligence
failing to be careful enough or to give enough attention to your responsibilities, esp. when this results in harm or loss to others سهل انگار
The judge said that the teacher had been negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerous water.
She charged her landlord with negligence for not repairing leaks that ruined her rugs.
“the council had been negligent in its supervision of the children in care”

A

(adj) too slight or small in amount to be important; insignificant

ناچیز، جزئی، قابل چشم پوشی

433
Q

(adj) powerful, forceful, or effective

قدرتمند ، تاثیرگذار و کارامد

A

potent
Surprise remains the terrorists’ most potent weapon.
The Berlin Wall was a potent symbol of the Cold War.
This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects
This is the most potent headache remedy you can get without a prescription.
Her voice has been a potent force on concert stages for more than 30 years.
(n) potency قدرت و اثرگذاری
Scientists are testing the potency of the new drug.

= powerful

434
Q

potent
Surprise remains the terrorists’ most potent weapon.
The Berlin Wall was a potent symbol of the Cold War.
This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects
This is the most potent headache remedy you can get without a prescription.
Her voice has been a potent force on concert stages for more than 30 years.
(n) potency
Scientists are testing the potency of the new drug.

A

(adj) powerful, forceful, or effective

قدرتمند ، تاثیرگذار و کارامد

435
Q

(v) to come from or develop something

ناشی از چیزی بودن،از چیزی سرچشمه ونشأت گرفتن

A

stem from something
Her problems stem from her difficult childhood.
Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.
These practices stem from traditional Chinese medicine.

=originate

436
Q

stem from something
Her problems stem from her difficult childhood.
Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.
These practices stem from traditional Chinese medicine.

A

(v) to come from or develop something

ناشی از چیزی بودن،از چیزی سرچشمه ونشأت گرفتن

437
Q

(adj) long and tiring

خسته کننده به خاطر طولانی بودن

A

tedious
a tedious job/journey/work/tasks
The problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious.
Learning a new computer program can be a tedious process.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tedium = tediousness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tedious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tediously

= monotonous, boring, mundane

438
Q

tedious
a tedious job/journey/work/tasks
The problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious.
Learning a new computer program can be a tedious process.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tedium = tediousness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tedious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tediously

A

(adj) long and tiring

خسته کننده به خاطر طولانی بودن

439
Q

(adj) boring because of not changing

خسته کننده به خاطر یکنواختی و تکراری بودن

A

monotonous
a monotonous job
a monotonous voice
The music became monotonous after a while.
“the statistics that he quotes with monotonous regularity”
She stood all day ironing a monotonous succession of clothes and sheets.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : monotone=a sound or voice that stays on the same note صدای یکنواخت / monotony= boring = sameness=یکسانی و یکنواختی خسته کننده
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : monotonous / monotonic یکنواخت(صدا)
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : monotonously / monotonically

440
Q

monotonous
a monotonous job
a monotonous voice
The music became monotonous after a while.
“the statistics that he quotes with monotonous regularity”
She stood all day ironing a monotonous succession of clothes and sheets.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : monotone=a sound or voice that stays on the same note صدای یکنواخت / monotony= boring sameness=یکسانی و یکنواختی خسته کننده
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : monotonous / monotonic یکنواخت(صدا)
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : monotonously / monotonically

A

(adj) boring because of not changing

خسته کننده به خاطر یکنواختی و تکراری بودن

441
Q

(adj) very ordinary and therefore not interesting

خسته کننده به خاطر معمولی بودن مثل کارهای روزمره یا پیش پا افتاده

A

mundane
Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her.
The show was just another mundane family sitcom.
The day began with the mundane business of getting my white chiffon dress shortened
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mundanity
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : mundane
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : mundanely

442
Q

mundane
Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her.
The show was just another mundane family sitcom.
The day began with the mundane business of getting my white chiffon dress shortened
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mundanity
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : mundane
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : mundanely

A

(adj) very ordinary and therefore not interesting

خسته کننده به خاطر معمولی بودن مثل کارهای روزمره یا پیش پا افتاده

443
Q

(adv) without forethought (suddenly, without any planning and without considering the effects your actions may have)

بدون فکر قبلی - از روی وسوسه و میل و هوس

A

impulsively= on impulse
“avoid reacting impulsively to events around you”
At the age of 17 he impulsively decided to leave school.
As a child, she was fearless and often acted impulsively.

فعل ( verb ) : impel = drive, force, or urge (someone) to do something. وادار کردن = force = push = urge = to persuade
اسم ( noun ) : impulsion انگیزه و میل شدید یا دلیلی برای انجام کاری / impulsiveness= behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have جوگیری و نسنجیدگی و شتاب زدگی / impulse میل و هوس و جوگیری
صفت ( adjective ) : impulsive
قید ( adverb ) : impulsively

= capriciously

444
Q

impulsively= on impulse
“avoid reacting impulsively to events around you”
At the age of 17 he impulsively decided to leave school.
As a child, she was fearless and often acted impulsively.

فعل ( verb ) : impel = drive, force, or urge (someone) to do something. وادار کردن = force = push = urge = to persuade
اسم ( noun ) : impulsion انگیزه و میل شدید یا دلیلی برای انجام کاری / impulsiveness= behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have جوگیری و نسنجیدگی و شتاب زدگی / impulse میل و هوس و جوگیری
صفت ( adjective ) : impulsive
قید ( adverb ) : impulsively

A

(adv) without forethought (suddenly, without any planning and without considering the effects your actions may have)

بدون فکر قبلی - از روی وسوسه و میل و هوس

445
Q

(adv) in a way that changes suddenly and unexpectedly

به طور ناگهانی و غیر منتظره (برای تغییرات استفاده میشه)

A

capriciously
The rules were enforced capriciously.
She was capriciously fired after only two days on the job.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : caprice تمایل و هوس فکری / capriciousness دمدمی مزاجی = moodiness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : capricious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : capriciously

=impulsively

446
Q

capriciously
The rules were enforced capriciously.
She was capriciously fired after only two days on the job.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : caprice تمایل و هوس فکری / capriciousness دمدمی مزاجی = moodiness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : capricious
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : capriciously

A

(adv) in a way that changes suddenly and unexpectedly

به طور ناگهانی و غیر منتظره (برای تغییرات استفاده میشه)

447
Q

(adj) (of a place) quiet, private, and not near people, roads, or buildings, and often hard to reach

دنج، خلوت، دور از انظار

A

secluded
a secluded beach/ area
a secluded house in the forest
“the gardens are quiet and secluded”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : seclude = to keep someone or something away from other people or things دور از انظار و از نظر پنهان کردن، منزوی کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : seclusion = the state of being alone, away from other people انزوا - گوشه نشینی = isolation = solitude
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : secluded / seclusive = preferring to be alone, away from other people گوشه گیر، منزوی
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : secludedly
……………………………………………..
“I secluded myself up here for a life of study and meditation”
typically, the bride would seclude herself in another room.

He’s been living in seclusion since he retired from acting.
After being with a tour group all week I was glad to return to the seclusion of my own home.

448
Q

secluded
a secluded beach/ area
a secluded house in the forest
“the gardens are quiet and secluded”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : seclude = to keep someone or something away from other people or things دور از انظار و از نظر پنهان کردن، منزوی کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : seclusion = the state of being alone, away from other people انزوا - گوشه نشینی = isolation = solitude
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : secluded / seclusive = preferring to be alone, away from other people گوشه گیر، منزوی
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : secludedly
……………………………………………..
“I secluded myself up here for a life of study and meditation”
typically, the bride would seclude herself in another room.

He’s been living in seclusion since he retired from acting.
After being with a tour group all week I was glad to return to the seclusion of my own home.

A

(adj) (of a place) quiet, private, and not near people, roads, or buildings, and often hard to reach

دنج، خلوت، دور از انظار

449
Q

1

(adv) in a way that is done or shown publicly or in an obvious way and not secret

آشکارا ، علنا

A

overtly
It was an overtly sexual advertising campaign.
He never overtly expressed his feelings about the issue.
“the selection policy was not overtly stated”
(adj) overt آشکار،علنی

450
Q

overtly
It was an overtly sexual advertising campaign.
He never overtly expressed his feelings about the issue.
“the selection policy was not overtly stated”
(adj) overt

A

(adv) in a way that is done or shown publicly or in an obvious way and not secret

آشکارا ، علنا

451
Q

(adj) in a particular position= Located

واقع شده در

A

situated
The school is situated near the park.
With this new product, we are well situated to beat (= we have a good chance of beating) our competitors.
How are you situated for time? (= How much time do you have?)
……………………………………………………
(v) situate قرار دادن در جایی یا موقعیتی
to put something in a particular position (fix or build (something) in a certain place or position.)
They plan to situate the bus stop at the corner of the road.
To understand this issue, it must first be situated in its context.
The restaurant is situated near the Hudson River.
“the pilot light is usually situated at the front of the boiler”
“Amy is now comfortably situated”

452
Q

situated
The school is situated near the park.
With this new product, we are well situated to beat (= we have a good chance of beating) our competitors.
How are you situated for time? (= How much time do you have?)
……………………………………………………
(v) situate
to put something in a particular position (fix or build (something) in a certain place or position.)
They plan to situate the bus stop at the corner of the road.
To understand this issue, it must first be situated in its context.
The restaurant is situated near the Hudson River.
“the pilot light is usually situated at the front of the boiler”
“Amy is now comfortably situated”

A

(adj) in a particular position= Located

واقع شده در

453
Q

(adj) behaving in a good and moral way; honest; respectable.

شریف و درستکار، شرافتمند

A

upstanding
She is regarded as an upstanding citizen in the local community.
She is an upstanding member of the community.
“an upstanding member of the community”
(n) upstandingness

454
Q

upstanding
She is regarded as an upstanding citizen in the local community.
She is an upstanding member of the community.
“an upstanding member of the community”
(n) upstandingness

A

(adj) behaving in a good and moral way; honest; respectable.

شریف و درستکار، شرافتمند

455
Q

(v) to be or give a typical example of something

مثال زدن ، نمونه ( چیزی ) بودن نمونه ( چیزی ) بودن یا ( چیزی را ) نشان دادن

A

exemplify
This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time.
American fashion is exemplified by jeans and T-shirts.
“the best dry sherry is exemplified by the fino of Jerez”

1 - The recent downturn in the housing industry exemplifies the poor economic conditions.
2 - This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time.
3 - American fashion is exemplified by jeans and T - shirts.
4 - my teacher exemplified the mathematical problem involved.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : exemplify
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : example / exemplar / exemplification
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exemplary مثال زدنی
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exemplarily

456
Q

exemplify
This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time.
American fashion is exemplified by jeans and T-shirts.
“the best dry sherry is exemplified by the fino of Jerez”

1 - The recent downturn in the housing industry exemplifies the poor economic conditions.
2 - This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time.
3 - American fashion is exemplified by jeans and T - shirts.
4 - my teacher exemplified the mathematical problem involved.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : exemplify
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : example / exemplar / exemplification
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exemplary
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exemplarily

A

(v) to be or give a typical example of something

مثال زدن ، نمونه ( چیزی ) بودن نمونه ( چیزی ) بودن یا ( چیزی را ) نشان دادن

457
Q

(phersal verb) to include something when you are doing a calculation or planning, or when you are trying to understand something = to consider information, esp. as something that might influence a result

به حساب آوردن، درنظر گرفتن (به عنوان یکی از عوامل)

A

factor in
People are earning more, but when inflation is factored in, they are no better off.
The age of the patients and their overall health must be factored into the results.
It’s going to feel like 110° there when you factor in the humidity.

= consider, take into account, take into consideration

458
Q

factor in
People are earning more, but when inflation is factored in, they are no better off.
The age of the patients and their overall health must be factored into the results.
It’s going to feel like 110° there when you factor in the humidity.

A

(phersal verb) to include something when you are doing a calculation or planning, or when you are trying to understand something = to consider information, esp. as something that might influence a result

به حساب آوردن، درنظر گرفتن (به عنوان یکی از عوامل)

459
Q

(idiom) consider (something) along with other factors before reaching a decision or judging a situation

در نظر گرفتن چیزی

A

take something into account
I hope my teacher will take into account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper.
A good architect takes into account the building’s surroundings.
The UK’s tax system takes no account of children.
I think you have to take into account that he’s a good deal younger than the rest of us.

= consider, factor in, take into consideration

460
Q

take something into account
I hope my teacher will take into account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper.
A good architect takes into account the building’s surroundings.
The UK’s tax system takes no account of children.
I think you have to take into account that he’s a good deal younger than the rest of us.

A

(idiom) consider (something) along with other factors before reaching a decision or judging a situation

در نظر گرفتن چیزی

461
Q

(adj) giving pleasure or satisfaction

خشنود کننده و رضایت بخش

A

gratifying
It must be very gratifying to see all your children grown up and happy.
“the results were gratifying”

فعل ( verb ) : gratify= give (someone) pleasure or satisfaction. خشنود و راضی کردن
اسم ( noun ) : gratification
صفت ( adjective ) : gratifying / gratified
قید ( adverb ) : gratifyingly

,= pleasing , satisfying

462
Q

gratifying
It must be very gratifying to see all your children grown up and happy.
“the results were gratifying”

فعل ( verb ) : gratify= give (someone) pleasure or satisfaction. خشنود و راضی کردن
اسم ( noun ) : gratification
صفت ( adjective ) : gratifying / gratified
قید ( adverb ) : gratifyingly

A

(adj) giving pleasure or satisfaction

خشنود کننده و رضایت بخش

463
Q

(adj) allowed by law; lawful,legal
(adj) reasonable and acceptable

مشروع-موجه

A

legitimate
The army must give power back to the legitimate government.
“his claims to legitimate authority”
…………………………………………………………..
He claimed that the restaurant bill was a legitimate business expense.
The government fears that talking to terrorists might legitimate their violent actions.
“a legitimate excuse for being late”

فعل ( verb ) : legitimize = to make something legal or acceptable: مشروعیت بخشیدن -
اسم ( noun ) : legitimacy
صفت ( adjective ) : legit = legitimate
قید ( adverb ) : legitimately

464
Q

legitimate
The army must give power back to the legitimate government.
“his claims to legitimate authority”
…………………………………………………………..
He claimed that the restaurant bill was a legitimate business expense.
The government fears that talking to terrorists might legitimate their violent actions.
“a legitimate excuse for being late”

فعل ( verb ) : legitimize = to make something legal or acceptable: مشروعیت بخشیدن -
اسم ( noun ) : legitimacy
صفت ( adjective ) : legit = legitimate
قید ( adverb ) : legitimately

A

(adj) allowed by law; lawful,legal
(adj) reasonable and acceptable

مشروع-موجه

465
Q

(adj) being what it is claimed to be; genuine (of undisputed origin and not a copy)

معتبر، اَصل و غیر جعلی

A

authentic
an authentic 1920s dress
authentic Italian food
He was there and saw what happened, so his is the only authentic account.
How can we be sure the signature is authentic?
Sylvia’s serves authentic soul food.

فعل ( verb ) : authenticate=to prove that something is real, true, or what people say it is= احراز هویت کردن، اصالت و واقعی بودن چیزی را ثابت کردن، تأیید و تصدیق کردن، رسمیت دادن، تأیید اصالت کردن
اسم ( noun ) : authentication / authenticity
صفت ( adjective ) : authentic
قید ( adverb ) : authentically

466
Q

authentic
an authentic 1920s dress
authentic Italian food
He was there and saw what happened, so his is the only authentic account.
How can we be sure the signature is authentic?
Sylvia’s serves authentic soul food.

فعل ( verb ) : authenticate=to prove that something is real, true, or what people say it is= احراز هویت کردن، اصالت و واقعی بودن چیزی را ثابت کردن، تأیید و تصدیق کردن، رسمیت دادن، تأیید اصالت کردن
اسم ( noun ) : authentication / authenticity
صفت ( adjective ) : authentic
قید ( adverb ) : authentically

A

(adj) being what it is claimed to be; genuine (of undisputed origin and not a copy)

معتبر، اَصل و غیر جعلی

467
Q

(n) the feeling of having little energy or of being unable or unwilling to do anything (a lack of energy and enthusiasm.)

بی حالی

A

lethargy
Symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, and vomiting.
“there was an air of lethargy about him”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : lethargy
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : lethargic بی حال
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : lethargically

=sluggishness

468
Q

lethargy
Symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, and vomiting.
“there was an air of lethargy about him”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : lethargy
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : lethargic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : lethargically

A

(n) the feeling of having little energy or of being unable or unwilling to do anything (a lack of energy and enthusiasm.)

بی حالی

469
Q

(n) the quality or fact of moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy

سستی ، نشان دادن کمبود غیرعادی انرژی

A

sluggishness
I’ve been experiencing a few minor health issues recently, such as fatigue and general sluggishness.
The market, despite its general economic sluggishness, is also expanding.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sluggishness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sluggish= moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power:
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sluggishly

= lethargy

470
Q

sluggishness
I’ve been experiencing a few minor health issues recently, such as fatigue and general sluggishness.
The market, despite its general economic sluggishness, is also expanding.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sluggishness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sluggish= moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power:
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sluggishly

A

(n) the quality or fact of being sluggish (= moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy)

سستی ، نشان دادن کمبود غیرعادی انرژی

471
Q

(adj) sending out or possessing heat or light

۱. تابان. تابناک. فروزان ۲. شاد. بشاش. با طراوت ۳. ( فیزیک ) تابشی

A

radiant
a radiant heater
the radiant heat of the sun
Plants absorb radiant energy from sunlight.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : radiance / radiation / radiator
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : radiant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : radiantly

472
Q

radiant
a radiant heater
the radiant heat of the sun
Plants absorb radiant energy from sunlight.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : radiance / radiation / radiator
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : radiant
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : radiantly

A

(adj) sending out or possessing heat or light

۱. تابان. تابناک. فروزان ۲. شاد. بشاش. با طراوت ۳. ( فیزیک ) تابشی

473
Q

(n) a long, narrow, raised part of a surface, esp. a high edge of a hill or mountain

A

ridge
a mountain ridge
Plowed ridges looked like stripes across the field.
We walked along the narrow mountain ridge.
A ridge (= a narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon.

474
Q

ridge
a mountain ridge
Plowed ridges looked like stripes across the field.
We walked along the narrow mountain ridge.
A ridge (= a narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon.

A

(n) a long, narrow, raised part of a surface, esp. a high edge of a hill or mountain

475
Q

(n) the top or highest part of something such as a wave or a hill

A

crest
We climbed to the crest of the hill.
the crest of a hill/wave

476
Q

crest
We climbed to the crest of the hill.
the crest of a hill/wave

A

(n) the top or highest part of something such as a wave or a hill

477
Q

(n,v) the length of time or distance from one limit to other

فاصله زمانی یا مکانی -شامل شدنِ یا پوشش دادنِ تمامِ یک دوره زمانی

A

span
Tennis has a history spanning several centuries.
Her acting career spanned almost six decades.
He has a short attention/concentration span.
an average lifespan of 70 years
Over a span of just three years, the new government has transformed the country’s economic prospects.

huge wings with a span of over a metre
In 1855, an 850-foot span was built to carry trains across the gorge.

= extend over, cover

478
Q

span
Tennis has a history spanning several centuries.
Her acting career spanned almost six decades.
He has a short attention/concentration span.
an average lifespan of 70 years
Over a span of just three years, the new government has transformed the country’s economic prospects.

huge wings with a span of over a metre
In 1855, an 850-foot span was built to carry trains across the gorge.

A

(n,v) the length of time or distance from one limit to other

فاصله زمانی یا مکانی -شامل شدنِ یا پوشش دادنِ تمامِ یک دوره زمانی

479
Q

(adj) obvious, interesting, and (esp. of a person) often attractive

چشمگیر، شایان توجه

A

striking
She bears a striking resemblance to her mother.
There’s a striking contrast between what he does and what he says he does.
The library is a striking example of modern architecture.
There are striking similarities between the two cases.
Their production of Macbeth was the most visually striking performance I’ve ever seen.
(adv) strikingly
a strikingly beautiful landscape
They came to strikingly different conclusions about what should be done.

=remarkable

480
Q

striking
She bears a striking resemblance to her mother.
There’s a striking contrast between what he does and what he says he does.
The library is a striking example of modern architecture.
There are striking similarities between the two cases.
Their production of Macbeth was the most visually striking performance I’ve ever seen.
(adv) strikingly
a strikingly beautiful landscape
They came to strikingly different conclusions about what should be done.

A

(adj) obvious, interesting, and (esp. of a person) often attractive

چشمگیر، شایان توجه

481
Q

(adv) in a way that is suitable or right for a particular situation

بدرستی ، به طور مناسب

A

aptly
We spent a week at the aptly named Grand View Hotel.
“Perseverance” aptly describes his hard work to complete the project.
“America’s aptly named Sunshine State”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aptness= the quality of being suitable or right for a particular situation درست و مناسب بودن/ aptitude = natural ability or skill استعداد ذاتی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : apt = suitable or right for a particular situation = suitableوfittingوappropriate
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aptly
…………………………………………
be apt to do something/be apt to be something
to be likely to do something or to often do something
=be likely/ inclined/ tend to
مستعد بودن، احتمال داشتن، تمایل داشتن ، محتمل بودن، در معرض ، گرایش داشتن به
The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains.
She’s in her eighties now and apt to be a little forgetful.
You’re apt to use things more if they’re within easy reach.
When animals are stressed, they are apt to get sick.
He is apt to be irritable when people ask him why he isn’t more cheerful.

=appropriately

482
Q

aptly
We spent a week at the aptly named Grand View Hotel.
“Perseverance” aptly describes his hard work to complete the project.
“America’s aptly named Sunshine State”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aptness= the quality of being suitable or right for a particular situation درست و مناسب بودن/ aptitude = natural ability or skill استعداد ذاتی
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : apt = suitable or right for a particular situation = suitableوfittingوappropriate
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aptly
…………………………………………
be apt to do something/be apt to be something
to be likely to do something or to often do something
=be likely/ inclined/ tend to
مستعد بودن، احتمال داشتن، تمایل داشتن ، محتمل بودن، در معرض ، گرایش داشتن به
The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains.
She’s in her eighties now and apt to be a little forgetful.
You’re apt to use things more if they’re within easy reach.
When animals are stressed, they are apt to get sick.
He is apt to be irritable when people ask him why he isn’t more cheerful.

بدرستی ، به طور مناسب

A

(adv) in a way that is suitable or right for a particular situation

=appropriately

483
Q

(adj) produced or given in large amounts

فراوان

A

profuse
She was admitted to St Mary’s Hospital with profuse bleeding.
The company accepted blame and sent us profuse apologies.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : profusion= an extremely large amount of something
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : profuse
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : profusely

……………………………..
profusion of sth= انبوهی از چیزی
in profusion=به وفور
I was remarking on the recent profusion of books and articles on the matter.
She’d never seen flowers so beautiful and in such profusion.

= very plentiful; abundant.

484
Q

profuse
She was admitted to St Mary’s Hospital with profuse bleeding.
The company accepted blame and sent us profuse apologies.

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : profusion= an extremely large amount of something
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : profuse
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : profusely

……………………………..
profusion of sth= انبوهی از چیزی
in profusion=به وفور
I was remarking on the recent profusion of books and articles on the matter.
She’d never seen flowers so beautiful and in such profusion.

A

(adj) produced or given in large amounts

فراوان

485
Q

(adj) (of writing or speech) clear and short; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words

مختصر و مفید

A

succinct
Keep your letter succinct and to the point.
“use short, succinct sentences”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : succinctness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : succinct
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : succinctly

= concise

486
Q

succinct
Keep your letter succinct and to the point.
“use short, succinct sentences”

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : succinctness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : succinct
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : succinctly

A

(adj) (of writing or speech) clear and short; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words

مختصر و مفید

487
Q

(adj) expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words; short and clear

مختصرمفید

A

concise
Make your answers clear and concise
“a concise account of the country’s history”
She wrote up a concise summary of the day’s events.
فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : concision =conciseness
صفت ( adjective ) : concise
قید ( adverb ) : concisely

= succinct,short,brief,to the point,short and sweet

488
Q

concise
Make your answers clear and concise
“a concise account of the country’s history”
She wrote up a concise summary of the day’s events.
فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : concision =conciseness
صفت ( adjective ) : concise
قید ( adverb ) : concisely

A

(adj) expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words; short and clear

مختصرمفید

489
Q

(n) the combination of components or elements to form a connected whole.

سنتز یا هم نهش: آمیختن و ترکیب کردن چند چیز مجزا برای تشکیل یک واحد کلی

A

synthesis
His latest album is a synthesis of African and Latin rhythms.
“the synthesis of intellect and emotion in his work”
the synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen
✅ فعل ( verb ) : synthesize = to produce a substance by a chemical reaction in plants or animals ترکیب کردن(تولید یک ماده از طریق واکنش شیمیایی در گیاهان یا حیوانات)
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : synthesis / synthetic / synthesizer
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : synthetic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : synthetically
………………………………………………
synthetic / synthetically
not made in or by nature مصنوعی
synthetic fibres
The patch prevents pregnancy using the same synthetic hormones that are used in birth control pills.
The prices of synthetic and natural rubber have gone up dramatically in the last few years.

artificial is anything that is made by man rather than Mother Nature. Synthetic is also something man-made, but it refers more specifically to chemical (or intellectual) synthesis

490
Q

synthesis
His latest album is a synthesis of African and Latin rhythms.
“the synthesis of intellect and emotion in his work”
the synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen
✅ فعل ( verb ) : synthesize = to produce a substance by a chemical reaction in plants or animals ترکیب کردن(تولید یک ماده از طریق واکنش شیمیایی در گیاهان یا حیوانات)
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : synthesis / synthetic / synthesizer
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : synthetic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : synthetically
………………………………………………
synthetic / synthetically
not made in or by nature مصنوعی
synthetic fibres
The patch prevents pregnancy using the same synthetic hormones that are used in birth control pills.
The prices of synthetic and natural rubber have gone up dramatically in the last few years.

artificial is anything that is made by man rather than Mother Nature. Synthetic is also something man-made, but it refers more specifically to chemical (or intellectual) synthesis

A

(n) the combination of components or elements to form a connected whole.

سنتز یا هم نهش: آمیختن و ترکیب کردن چند چیز مجزا برای تشکیل یک واحد کلی

491
Q

(adj) real and not imaginary; able to be shown, touched, or experienced

ملموس، قابل لمس

A

tangible
“the atmosphere of neglect and abandonment was almost tangible”
Drivers will see tangible improvements on major roadways.
We need tangible evidence if we’re going to take legal action.
Other tangible benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working hours.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tangibility / tangibleness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tangible
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tangibly

ant = intangible

492
Q

tangible
“the atmosphere of neglect and abandonment was almost tangible”
Drivers will see tangible improvements on major roadways.
We need tangible evidence if we’re going to take legal action.
Other tangible benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working hours.
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tangibility / tangibleness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tangible
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tangibly

ant = intangible

A

(adj) real and not imaginary; able to be shown, touched, or experienced

ملموس، قابل لمس

493
Q

(n) the act of causing something or someone to turn in a different direction, or to be used for a different purpose
(v) an action that takes attention away from something, esp. one that gives pleasure or enjoyment

سرگرمی لذت بخش یا دلخوشی ، تغییر جهت یا انحراف

A

diversion
A snowstorm closed the airport, and the diversion of air traffic was therefore necessary.
diversions of money into other projects
……………………
This lawyer-bachelor devoted his life to the Senate, his only real diversion being baseball.
Reading is a pleasant diversion.

فعل ( verb ) : divert
اسم ( noun ) : diversion
صفت ( adjective ) : diverting / diversionary
قید ( adverb ) : _
………………………………………………
divert
1- to cause something or someone to turn in a different direction or to cause the thing or person to be used for a different purpose هدایت کردن چیزی از جای به جای دیگر = CHANGE DIRECTION

  • Our flight was diverted from San Francisco to Oakland because of the fog.
  • The administration had to divert funds from the defense budget to pay for the emergency relief effort
    2- to take attention away from something, or to amuse sb حواس کسی را پرت کردن یا سرگرم کردن کسی
    The war has diverted attention from the country’s economic problems.
    It’s a great game for diverting restless kids on long car rides .
    Military action now could divert attention from imminent votes in Congress on health-care legislation.
    The dog kept the children diverted for a while.

= entertainment,amusement,recreation,pastime,hobby

494
Q

diversion
A snowstorm closed the airport, and the diversion of air traffic was therefore necessary.
diversions of money into other projects
……………………
This lawyer-bachelor devoted his life to the Senate, his only real diversion being baseball.
Reading is a pleasant diversion.

فعل ( verb ) : divert
اسم ( noun ) : diversion
صفت ( adjective ) : diverting / diversionary
قید ( adverb ) : _
………………………………………………
divert
1- to cause something or someone to turn in a different direction or to cause the thing or person to be used for a different purpose هدایت کردن چیزی از جای به جای دیگر = CHANGE DIRECTION

  • Our flight was diverted from San Francisco to Oakland because of the fog.
  • The administration had to divert funds from the defense budget to pay for the emergency relief effort
    2- to take attention away from something, or to amuse sb حواس کسی را پرت کردن یا سرگرم کردن کسی
    The war has diverted attention from the country’s economic problems.
    It’s a great game for diverting restless kids on long car rides .
    Military action now could divert attention from imminent votes in Congress on health-care legislation.
    The dog kept the children diverted for a while.
A

(n) the act of causing something or someone to turn in a different direction, or to be used for a different purpose
(v) an action that takes attention away from something, esp. one that gives pleasure or enjoyment

سرگرمی لذت بخش یا دلخوشی ، تغییر جهت یا انحراف

495
Q

(adj) possible to imagine or think ofs

قابل تصور-امکان پذیر

A

conceivable
Books on every conceivable subject lined one wall.
It’s just conceivable (= possible although difficult to imagine) (that) the hospital made a mistake.
Books on every conceivable subject lined one wall.
It’s conceivable (that) none of the proposals will be accepted.

فعل ( verb ) : conceive
اسم ( noun ) : conception
صفت ( adjective ) : conceivable
قید ( adverb ) : conceivably
……………………………………………….
conceive
1- to bring a thought or idea into being; imagine: تصور کردن
* When they talk about billions of dollars, I can’t even conceive of that much money.
* It’s hard to conceive what the world will be like a hundred years from now.
* I find it hard to conceive (= it is too shocking to imagine) that people are still treated so badly
2-to invent a plan or an idea طراحی کردن
* He conceived the plot for this film while he was still a student.
* The exhibition was conceived by the museum’s director.
3- to become pregnant, or to cause a baby to begin to form حامله شدن
* Do you know exactly when you conceived?
* The baby was conceived in March, so will be born in December.

= imaginable,possible,plausible

496
Q

conceivable
Books on every conceivable subject lined one wall.
It’s just conceivable (= possible although difficult to imagine) (that) the hospital made a mistake.
Books on every conceivable subject lined one wall.
It’s conceivable (that) none of the proposals will be accepted.

فعل ( verb ) : conceive
اسم ( noun ) : conception
صفت ( adjective ) : conceivable
قید ( adverb ) : conceivably
……………………………………………….
conceive
1- to bring a thought or idea into being; imagine: تصور کردن
* When they talk about billions of dollars, I can’t even conceive of that much money.
* It’s hard to conceive what the world will be like a hundred years from now.
* I find it hard to conceive (= it is too shocking to imagine) that people are still treated so badly
2-to invent a plan or an idea طراحی کردن
* He conceived the plot for this film while he was still a student.
* The exhibition was conceived by the museum’s director.
3- to become pregnant, or to cause a baby to begin to form حامله شدن
* Do you know exactly when you conceived?
* The baby was conceived in March, so will be born in December.

A

(adj) possible to imagine or think of

قابل تصور-امکان پذیر

497
Q

(adj) able to cure or cause to get better

درمانی

A

curative
“the curative properties of herbs”
Do you believe in the curative powers of the local mineral water?
(v) cure

= healing,therapeutic,medicinal,remedial

498
Q

curative
“the curative properties of herbs”
Do you believe in the curative powers of the local mineral water?
(v) cure

A

(adj) able to cure or cause to get better

درمانی

499
Q

(v) weaken

تضعیف کردن

A

debilitate
Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him.
“he was severely debilitated by a stomach upset”
hard drugs destroy families and debilitate communities

فعل ( verb ) : debilitate
اسم ( noun ) : debility = physical weakness, especially as a result of illness. ضعف و ناتوانی
صفت ( adjective ) : debilitating
قید ( adverb ) : _

= weaken

500
Q

debilitate
Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him.
“he was severely debilitated by a stomach upset”
hard drugs destroy families and debilitate communities

فعل ( verb ) : debilitate
اسم ( noun ) : debility = physical weakness, especially as a result of illness. ضعف و ناتوانی
صفت ( adjective ) : debilitating
قید ( adverb ) : _

A

(v) weaken

تضعیف کردن

501
Q

(phrasal verb) to accept a particular job or responsibility = undertake
(phrasal verb) to employ someone

به عهده گرفتن، تقبل کردن - استخدام کردن، به کار گرفتن

A

take on
She took too much on and made herself ill.
She has taken on far too much work.
You can’t take on responsibility for the whole event.
………………………….
We’re taking on new staff at the moment.
He was taken on as a security guard.

= undertake, assume / employ, recruit, hire

502
Q

take on
She took too much on and made herself ill.
She has taken on far too much work.
You can’t take on responsibility for the whole event.
………………………….
We’re taking on new staff at the moment.
He was taken on as a security guard.

A

(phrasal verb) to accept a particular job or responsibility = undertake
(phrasal verb) to employ someone

به عهده گرفتن، تقبل کردن - استخدام کردن، به کار گرفتن

503
Q

(n) a peaceful, calm state, without noise, violence, worry, etc.

آرامش

A

tranquility
living in peace and tranquility
I love the tranquility of the lakes.
“passing cars are the only noise that disturbs the tranquillity of rural life”

فعل ( verb ) : tranquilize = to make an animal or person become unconscious or calm, especially with a drug با آرام بخش آرام یا بیهوش کردن
اسم ( noun ) : tranquility / tranquilizer
صفت ( adjective ) : tranquil
قید ( adverb ) : tranquilly

= peace,peacefulness,restfulness,calm

504
Q

tranquility
living in peace and tranquility
I love the tranquility of the lakes.
“passing cars are the only noise that disturbs the tranquillity of rural life”

فعل ( verb ) : tranquilize = to make an animal or person become unconscious or calm, especially with a drug با آرام بخش آرام یا بیهوش کردن
اسم ( noun ) : tranquility / tranquilizer
صفت ( adjective ) : tranquil
قید ( adverb ) : tranquilly

آرامش

A

(n) a peaceful, calm state, without noise, violence, worry, etc.

= peace,peacefulness,restfulness,calm

505
Q

(n) a group of different types of something

گروهی از انواع مختلف چیزی

A

assortment
an assortment of vegetables
An unlikely assortment of rock stars and politicians attended the charity concert.
That’s Dancing!” contains an assortment of musical numbers from famous Hollywood films.
(adj) assorted = consisting of various types mixed together انواع مختلف
a box of assorted chocolates
a case of assorted wines

= collection, mixture,variety,array

506
Q

assortment
an assortment of vegetables
An unlikely assortment of rock stars and politicians attended the charity concert.
That’s Dancing!” contains an assortment of musical numbers from famous Hollywood films.
(adj) assorted = consisting of various types mixed together انواع مختلف
a box of assorted chocolates
a case of assorted wines

A

(n) a group of different types of something

گروهی از انواع مختلف چیزی

507
Q

(adj) (of a liquid) made thicker by removing some of the water ANT deluted
(adj) (of a piece of writing) made shorter in length
(adj) made from a gas into a liquid or solid state

غلیظ شده - خلاصه شده - چگالیده و فشرده شده

A

condensed
condensed soup
condensed milk
……………………………………..
The speech was largely a condensed version of his book.
The first part of her book serves as a condensed introduction to the main ideas.
……………………………………..
The condensed vapor will not include salt or most other impurities
The division will deal in oil and condensed gas products.

(v) condense

508
Q

condensed
condensed soup
condensed milk
……………………………………..
The speech was largely a condensed version of his book.
The first part of her book serves as a condensed introduction to the main ideas.
……………………………………..
The condensed vapor will not include salt or most other impurities
The division will deal in oil and condensed gas products.

(v) condense

A

(adj) (of a liquid) made thicker by removing some of the water ANT deluted
(adj) (of a piece of writing) made shorter in length
(adj) made from a gas into a liquid or solid state

غلیظ شده - خلاصه شده - چگالیده و فشرده شده

509
Q

(adj) of very great value or worth

با ارزش، گرانبها

A

precious
precious memories
Children are our most precious resource.
“precious works of art

510
Q

precious
precious memories
Children are our most precious resource.
“precious works of art

A

(adj) of very great value or worth

با ارزش، گرانبها

511
Q

(adj) bringing the pleasure of love or caring about someone or something that is important to you

عزیز - ارزنده

A

cherished
Her most cherished possession is a 1926 letter from F. Scott Fitzgerald.
…………………………………………….
(v) cherish گرامی داشتن، عزیز دانستن
1- to love, protect, and care for someone or something that is important to you:
* Although I cherish my children, I do allow them their independence.
* Her most cherished possession is a 1926 letter from F. Scott Fitzgerald.
* Freedom of speech is a cherished (= carefully protected) right in this country.
2- to keep hopes, memories, or ideas in your mind because they are important to you and bring you pleasure
I cherish the memories of the time we spent together.
We cherish the many memories we have of our dear mother.

512
Q

cherished
Her most cherished possession is a 1926 letter from F. Scott Fitzgerald.
…………………………………………….
(v) cherish
1- to love, protect, and care for someone or something that is important to you:
* Although I cherish my children, I do allow them their independence.
* Her most cherished possession is a 1926 letter from F. Scott Fitzgerald.
* Freedom of speech is a cherished (= carefully protected) right in this country.
2- to keep hopes, memories, or ideas in your mind because they are important to you and bring you pleasure
I cherish the memories of the time we spent together.
We cherish the many memories we have of our dear mother.

عزیز - ارزنده

A

(adj) bringing the pleasure of love or caring about someone or something that is important to you

513
Q

(adj) needed for a particular purpose or result
(n) a thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end.

N= لازمه
Adj= لازم ، مورد نیاز ، ضروری

A

requisite
I worked to develop the requisite skills for a managerial position.
He lacked the requisite skills for the job.
The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention.
………………………………………….
A good book is a requisite for long journeys.
Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence.
✅️ فعل (verb) : require / requisition
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : requirement / requisite / requisition
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : requisite
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -
……………………………………………………………………..
(v)requisition درخواست رسمی کردن
to officially request or take (something)
* The army requisitioned all the trucks in the region.
(n)requisition درخواست رسمی برای در اختیار گیری چیزی
a formal or official request for something needed:
The staff made a requisition for new desks.

= necessary,required,demanded / necessity

prerequisite=پیش نیاز

514
Q

requisite
I worked to develop the requisite skills for a managerial position.
He lacked the requisite skills for the job.
The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention.
………………………………………….
A good book is a requisite for long journeys.
Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence.
✅️ فعل (verb) : require / requisition
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : requirement / requisite / requisition
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : requisite
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -
……………………………………………………………………..
(v)requisition درخواست رسمی کردن
to officially request or take (something)
* The army requisitioned all the trucks in the region.
(n)requisition درخواست رسمی برای در اختیار گیری چیزی
a formal or official request for something needed:
The staff made a requisition for new desks.

A

(adj) needed for a particular purpose or result
(n) a thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end.

= necessary,required,demanded / necessity

N= لازمه
Adj= لازم ، مورد نیاز ، ضروری

515
Q

(v) (of woven cloth) to separate into threads, or to separate the fibers of a thread, rope, or cloth
(v) (of an intricate process, system, or arrangement) disintegrate or be destroyed.
(v) o solve a crime or explain a mystery

از هم بازکردن، از هم پاشیدن و از بین رفتن، باز کردن ( فهم و توضیح ) یک مساله

A

unravel
You’d better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel.
I had to unravel one of the sleeves because I realized I’d knitted it too small.
……………………………………
“his painstaking diplomacy of the last eight months could quickly unravel”
the unraveling of the soviet union
………………………………………………….
You will discover what the title means as you unravel the movie’s mysteries.
“they were attempting to unravel the cause of death”
We have a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics.

(adj) unraveling

= seperate

516
Q

unravel
You’d better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel.
I had to unravel one of the sleeves because I realized I’d knitted it too small.
……………………………………
“his painstaking diplomacy of the last eight months could quickly unravel”
the unraveling of the soviet union
………………………………………………….
You will discover what the title means as you unravel the movie’s mysteries.
“they were attempting to unravel the cause of death”
We have a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics.

(adj) unraveling

A

(v) (of woven cloth) to separate into threads, or to separate the fibers of a thread, rope, or cloth
(v) (of an intricate process, system, or arrangement) disintegrate or be destroyed.
(v) o solve a crime or explain a mystery

= seperate

از هم بازکردن، از هم پاشیدن و از بین رفتن، باز کردن ( فهم و توضیح ) یک مساله

517
Q

(v) to give up or lose something (property or a right or privilege) because you cannot do something that the rules or the law says you must do
(n) something that you have lost the right to do or have as a fine or penalty for wrongdoing

از دست دادن - جریمه. تاوان. غرامت ، بها. قیمت

A

forfeit
“those unable to meet their taxes were liable to forfeit their estates”
If you cancel now, you forfeit your deposit.
These people have forfeited the right to live in society.
……………………………….
“the loser must pay a forfeit”
The team might have avoided the forfeits if it had handled the situation differently.
Throwing objects on the field, the umpire said, would result in the forfeit of the game by the home team.

518
Q

forfeit
“those unable to meet their taxes were liable to forfeit their estates”
If you cancel now, you forfeit your deposit.
These people have forfeited the right to live in society.
……………………………….
“the loser must pay a forfeit”
The team might have avoided the forfeits if it had handled the situation differently.
Throwing objects on the field, the umpire said, would result in the forfeit of the game by the home team.

A

(v) to give up or lose something (property or a right or privilege) because you cannot do something that the rules or the law says you must do
(n) something that you have lost the right to do or have as a fine or penalty for wrongdoing

از دست دادن - جریمه. تاوان. غرامت ، بها. قیمت

519
Q

(adj) in a dangerous state because of not being safe or not being held in place firmly; likely to fall or suffer harm:

خطرناک و متزلزل و بی ثبات

A

precarious
The lorry was lodged in a very precarious way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff.
Many borrowers now find themselves caught in a precarious financial position.
I climbed onto a precarious platform to get a better view.
“a precarious ladder”
فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : precariousness
صفت ( adjective ) : precarious
قید ( adverb ) : precariously

520
Q

precarious
The lorry was lodged in a very precarious way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff.
Many borrowers now find themselves caught in a precarious financial position.
I climbed onto a precarious platform to get a better view.
“a precarious ladder”
فعل ( verb ) : _
اسم ( noun ) : precariousness
صفت ( adjective ) : precarious
قید ( adverb ) : precariously

A

(adj) in a dangerous state because of not being safe or not being held in place firmly; likely to fall or suffer harm:

خطرناک و متزلزل و بی ثبات

521
Q

1

(adj) not happening or appearing in a pattern; not continuous or regular

گهگاه ، هرازگاهی ، جسته و گریخته

A

sporadic
She makes sporadic trips to Europe.
The storm caused sporadic flooding throughout the region.
sporadic gunfire
a sporadic electricity supply
More than 100 people have been killed this year in sporadic outbursts of ethnic violence.
(adv) spordically

= erratic

522
Q

sporadic
She makes sporadic trips to Europe.
The storm caused sporadic flooding throughout the region.
sporadic gunfire
a sporadic electricity supply
More than 100 people have been killed this year in sporadic outbursts of ethnic violence.
(adv) spordically

A

(adj) not happening or appearing in a pattern; not continuous or regular

گهگاه ، هرازگاهی ، جسته و گریخته

523
Q

1

(v) to make something shorter or quicker, especially by removing the end of it

سر و ته {چیزی را} زدن تا چیزی را کوتاهتر یا سریعتر

A

truncate
Television coverage of the event was truncated by a technical fault.
“he was a sensational player whose career was truncated by injuries”

✅️ فعل (verb) : truncate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : truncation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : truncated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

= cut, shorten

524
Q

truncate
Television coverage of the event was truncated by a technical fault.
“he was a sensational player whose career was truncated by injuries”

✅️ فعل (verb) : truncate
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : truncation
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : truncated
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

A

(v) to make something shorter or quicker, especially by removing the end of it

سر و ته {چیزی را} زدن تا چیزی را کوتاهتر یا سریعتر

525
Q

1

(adj) (of something bad, such as damage, cruelty, waste) causing harm or damage deliberately and for no acceptable reason

بی جهت ، ناموجه

A

wanton
wanton destruction of human life
a wanton disregard for safety
wanton extravagance
He displayed a wanton disregard for the facts.
sheer wanton vandalism
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wantonness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : wanton
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : wantonly

526
Q

wanton
wanton destruction of human life
a wanton disregard for safety
wanton extravagance
He displayed a wanton disregard for the facts.
sheer wanton vandalism
✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wantonness
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : wanton
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : wantonly

A

(adj) (of something bad, such as damage, cruelty, waste) causing harm or damage deliberately and for no acceptable reason

بی جهت ، ناموجه

527
Q

(n) a joke; a funny story

جوک؛ یک داستان خنده دار

A

witticism
“Maurice roared with laughter at his own witticisms”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : witter= to talk for a long time about things that are not important وراجی کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wittiness / witticism / wit = the ability to use words in an amusing and intelligent way, or a person who has this ability
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : witty= using words in a clever and funny way طناز
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : wittily

528
Q

witticism
“Maurice roared with laughter at his own witticisms”
✅ فعل ( verb ) : witter= to talk for a long time about things that are not important وراجی کردن
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wittiness / witticism / wit = the ability to use words in an amusing and intelligent way, or a person who has this ability
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : witty= using words in a clever and funny way طناز
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : wittily

A

(n) a joke; a funny story

جوک؛ یک داستان خنده دار

529
Q

(v) to try to persuade someone to support you or to use your business:

٢٦به دنبال حمایت کسی بودن،حمایت و طرفداری کسی رو خواستن - جلب کردن ( توجه )

A

woo
The party has been trying to woo the voters with promises of electoral reform.
The airline has been offering discounted tickets to woo passengers away from their competitors.
A candidate must woo voters by making them feel important.

=seek the support of,seek the favour of,try to attract

530
Q

woo
The party has been trying to woo the voters with promises of electoral reform.
The airline has been offering discounted tickets to woo passengers away from their competitors.
A candidate must woo voters by making them feel important.

A

(v) to try to persuade someone to support you or to use your business:

=seek the support of,seek the favour of,try to attract

٢٦به دنبال حمایت کسی بودن،حمایت و طرفداری کسی رو خواستن - جلب کردن ( توجه )

531
Q

(adj) of or belonging to an ancient period in history

کهنه. مهجور. منسوخ - باستانی. قدیمی

A

archaic
an archaic system of government
an archaic law/rule/language

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : archaism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : archaic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : archaically

532
Q

archaic
an archaic system of government
an archaic law/rule/language

✅ فعل ( verb ) : _
✅️ اسم ( noun ) : archaism
✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : archaic
✅️ قید ( adverb ) : archaically

A

(adj) of or belonging to an ancient period in history

کهنه. مهجور. منسوخ - باستانی. قدیمی

AWL IELTS words (15 decks)

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