barons Flashcards

Question

(n) the arrival of a notable person or thing. | ظهور

Answer 1

**advent** Life was transformed by the advent of the steam engine. Transportation was transformed by the advent of the internal combustion engine. | = arrivalوappearanceوemergence, rise

Answer 2

(n) the arrival of a notable person or thing. | ظهور

Answer 3

**agile** Monkeys are very agile climbers. You need to have agile fingers to do this kind of work ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : agileness/ agility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : agile ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : agilely | =nimble

Answer 4

(adj) able to move quickly and easily.

Answer 5

**nimble** with a deft motion of her nimble fingers His nimble mind calculated the answer before I could key the numbers into my computer. He tried to catch his friend, but she was too nimble. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : nimbleness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : nimble ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : nimbly

Answer 6

(adj) quick and exact either in movement or thoughts; agile | تیز و چابک (در فکر کردن یا حرکت)

Answer 7

**alluring** I didn't find the prospect of a house with no electricity very alluring. She was wearing a most alluring dress at Sam's dinner party. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : allure جذب کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : allure جذابیت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : alluring ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : alluringly | =appealing, attractive

Answer 8

(adj) attractive or exciting | جذاب

Answer 9

**renowned** The region is renowned for its outstanding natural beauty. Marco Polo is a renowned explorer/is renowned as an explorer. (n) renown =fame شهرت | =famous

Answer 10

(adj) known or talked about by many people; famous. | مشهور

Answer 11

**circumvent** Ships were registered abroad to circumvent employment and safety regulations. Young people still want to circumvent their parents’ control. **(n) circumvention** | =avoid, get round, evade, **bypass**

Answer 12

(v) to avoid something, especially cleverly or illegally, by going around it= bypass | دور زدنِ ( یک قانون، یک مشکل، یک مسیر، . . . )

Answer 13

**dispense** There is a vending machine on the platform that dispenses snacks. Is there a tourism agency that dispenses city maps? This gasoline pump is capable of dispensing eight blends of gasoline. **dispenser** = a machine or container that you can get something from

Answer 14

(v) distribute or give out ( products, services, information, or amounts of money ) to a number of people. | توزیع کردن

Answer 15

**frailty** Though ill for most of her life, physical frailty never stopped her from working. the increasing frailty of old age human frailties such as selfishness and greed (adj) frail

Answer 16

(n) weakness(physical or moral) and lack of health or strength | ضعف

Answer 17

(n) a high point of success or abundance | دوران اوج

Answer 18

**heyday** In their heyday, they sold as many records as all the other groups in the country put together. the paper has lost millions of readers since its heyday in 1964 | = prime, peak, height, high point, high spot, pinnacle

Answer 19

**pinnacle** By the age of 32 she had reached the pinnacle of her career. The Olympics represent the pinnacle of athletic achievement. | = prime, peak, height, high point, high spot, hayday

Answer 20

(n) the most successful or admired part of a system or achievement | اوج

Answer 21

**ascertain** The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion. ............................................. I ascertained that no one could overhear us before I told Otto the news. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ascertain ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ascertainment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ascertainable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ascertainably

Answer 22

(v) to find out sth=discover (v) to make certain of something | فهمیدن و کشف کردن - اطمینان حاصل کردن

Answer 23

**heighten** the pleasure was heightened by the sense of guilt that accompanied it ............................ the stage will be extended, heightening the grid by 3.4 metres ✅ فعل ( verb ) : heighten ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : height / high ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : high / heightened ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : highly / high | = intensify

Answer 24

(v) to increase, esp. an emotion or effect 1. make or become more intense. 1. make (something) higher. | افزایش دادن شدت احساسات یا اثر- افزایش دادن ارتفاع

Answer 25

**proposition** The chairman was advised that it was a risky business proposition. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : propose ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : proposal / proposition ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : proposed ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ .............................................. **Proposition** is a better choice when talking about an offer, one that will be either accepted or rejected. **Proposal** is a better choice when talking about a well-developed plan, most likely written. | = suggestion, offer

Answer 26

(n) a suggestion or an offer or a statement for consideration, usually in business or politics

Answer 27

**revitalize** Japanese investment has revitalized this part of Britain. **revitalize an economy/industry/business/ city/an area** | = restore, revive

Answer 28

(v) to give new life, energy, activity, or success to something | احیا کردن

Answer 29

**staple** bread, milk, and other staples rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy Shortages mean that even staples (= basic foods) like bread are difficult to find. Phosphate has been a staple of this area for many years. Romantic fiction and reference books are a staple of many public libraries. .............................................................. the staple foods of the poor rice was the staple crop grown in most villages The staple diet here is mutton, fish and boiled potatoes. Prices of staple foods such as wheat and vegetables have also been increasing.

Answer 30

(n) a fundamental element or principal part of somthing, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade (adj) main or most important, especially in terms of products in consumption (like food and diet) or trade | جزء اصلی(به خصوص راجب محصولاتی مصرفی مثل غذا یا در تجارت) - اصلی

Answer 31

**turbulent** His book discusses the turbulent years of the civil rights struggle. The ocean was too turbulent for us to be able to take the boat out. This has been a turbulent week for the administration ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : turbulence ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : turbulent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : turbulently | = chaotic

Answer 32

(adj) characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm. | آشفته و پرتلاطم

Answer 33

**chaotic** The house is a bit chaotic at the moment - we've got all these extra people staying and we're still decorating. He's a chaotic sort of a person - always trying to do twenty things at once. the political situation was chaotic ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : chaos ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : chaotic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : chaotically | = turbulent, dissordered

Answer 34

(adj) in a state of complete confusion and disorder | بی نظم و پرهرج ومرج

Answer 35

**indispensable** he made himself indispensable to the parish priest This book is an indispensable resource for researchers. His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks. | = essential, crucial, necessary, key, vital

Answer 36

(adj) absolutely necessary ( sth or sb that you could not manage without) | ضروری

Answer 37

**astute** an astute investor/businesswoman | = perceptive

Answer 38

باهوش (داشتن یا نشان دادن توانایی برای ارزیابی دقیق موقعیت ها یا افراد و تبدیل آن به نفع خود)

Answer 39

**perceptive** Her books are full of perceptive insights into the human condition. an extraordinarily perceptive account of their relationship فعل ( verb ) : perceive اسم ( noun ) : perception / perceptiveness صفت ( adjective ) : perceptive / perceptible قید ( adverb ) : perceptively / perceptibly

Answer 40

(adj) very good at noticing and understanding things that many people do not notice | تیز و نکته بین

Answer 41

**concur** the authors concurred with the majority ...................... in tests, cytogenetic determination has been found to concur with enzymatic determination ✅ فعل ( verb ) : concur ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : concurrence / concurrency ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : concurrent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : concurrently | =agree / = concide, be simultaneous

Answer 42

(v) be of the same opinion; agree. (v) happen or occur at the same time; coincide | همسو بودن از نظر فکری، هم زمان بودن

Answer 43

**deceptive** It's deceptive - from the outside the building looks small, but inside it's very big. he put the question with deceptive casualness فعل ( verb ) : deceive اسم ( noun ) : deception صفت ( adjective ) : deceptive قید ( adverb ) : deceptively | = misleading

Answer 44

(adj) giving an appearance or impression different from the true one; misleading. | فریبنده و گول زننده و گمراه کننده

Answer 45

**designate** Traditionally, the president designates his or her successor. **be designated as** Thompson has been designated as team captain. **designate someone something** Time magazine designated him one of the world's most influential people. **be designated to** He was designated to be the unit's English translator. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : designate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : designation / designator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : designated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | = assign, appoint

Answer 46

(v) appoint (someone) to a specified office or post, or to state that something has a particular character or purpose ## Footnote به صورت رسمی کسی رو برای انجام کاری انتخاب کردن، تعیین کردن، برگزیدن، منصوب کردن، گماردن

Answer 47

**resolute** Their resolute opposition to new working methods was difficult to overcome. She's utterly resolute in her refusal to apologize. I admired her resolute optimism in those difficult times. **(n) resoluteness** | = determined, purposeful

Answer 48

(adj) determined in character, action, or ideas (admirably purposeful, determined, and unwavering.) | مصمم و راسخ

Answer 49

**elicit** Have you managed to elicit a response from them yet? The questionnaire was intended to elicit information on eating habits. They were able to elicit the support of the public. **(n) elicitation**

Answer 50

(v) to get or draw out information, reactionan , answer, or fact

Answer 51

**embody** a national team that embodies competitive spirit and skill She embodied good sportsmanship on the playing field. ....................................................... the changes in law embodied in the Children Act Kennett embodied in one man an unusual range of science, music, and religion. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : embody ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : embodiment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 52

(v) to have and show particular qualities or ideas; represent (v) to include as part of something | سمبل و مظهر چیزی بودن - گنجاندن

Answer 53

(v) to be or give a typical example of something | نمونه ای از چیزی بودن

Answer 54

**exemplify** This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time. American fashion is exemplified by jeans and T-shirts. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : exemplify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : example / exemplar / exemplification ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exemplary ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exemplarily

Answer 55

**instigate** they instigated a reign of terror Changes in the orientation program were instigated by the new director. The government will instigate new measures to combat terrorism. The revolt in the north is believed to have been instigated by a high-ranking general. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : instigate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : instigator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : instigative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : instigatively

Answer 56

(v) to cause or initiate an event or situation to happen, specially a conflict or argument, by making a set of actions | برانگیختن و تحریک کردن

Answer 57

**petition** she was asked to sign a petition against plans to build on the local playing fields .................................... the organization is petitioning the EU for a moratorium on the patent

Answer 58

(n) a formal written request, typically one signed by many people, appealing to authority in respect of a particular cause. (v) to make a formal request for something, especially in a law court | دادخواست- درخواست یا دادخواست دادن

Answer 59

**appeal** The decision was reversed on appeal. Many charities issued an appeal for contributions to help victims of the earthquake. ..................................................... The verdict was appealed to a higher court. Blood supplies are running low, and the Red Cross is appealing for blood donations. ...................................................... Eating out has lost much of its appeal. ....................................................... Such music managed to appeal to the tastes of both young and old.

Answer 60

(n) request formally that a decision, esp. a legal or official one, be changed or for help, esp. in an emergency (v) to request formally that a decision, esp. a legal or official one, be changed or for help, esp. in an emergency (n) the quality of being interesting or attractive (v) to be interesting or attractive | درخواست تجدید نظر (دادن) - جذابیت - جذب کردن

Answer 61

**relinquish** he relinquished his managerial role to become chief executive He refused to relinquish control of his company. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : relinquish ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : relinquishment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = abdicate

Answer 62

(v) voluntarily to give up something, such as a responsibility or claim | حقی را از خود سلب کردن و دست کشیدن از ( چیزی )

Answer 63

**abdicate** in 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated as German emperor She abdicated all responsibility for the project. The administration has abdicated its leadership on this critical issue. **(n) abdication** کناره گیری

Answer 64

(v) to give up a position as king, or to fail to take responsibility for something

Answer 65

**resilient** Life is hard there, but the people are resilient. .................... "a shoe with resilient cushioning" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : resilience / resiliency ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : resilient ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : resiliently

Answer 66

(adj) (of a person or animal) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions (adj) (of a substance or object) able to recoil or spring back into shape after bending, stretching, or being compressed. | تاب اور

Answer 67

**tenacious** The baby took my finger in its tenacious little fist. There has been tenacious local opposition to the new airport. ......................... Seles is a tenacious opponent – she never gives in. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : tenacity صفت ( adjective ) : tenacious قید ( adverb ) : tenaciously

Answer 68

(adj) holding tightly onto something, or keeping an opinion in a determined way (adj) unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something | سرسخت

Answer 69

**entice** **entice someone into something** a show which should entice a new audience into the theatre The adverts entice the customer into buying things they don't really want. **be enticed away from** People are being enticed away from the profession by higher salaries elsewhere. **[ + to infinitive ]** A smell of coffee in the doorway enticed people to enter the shop. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : entice ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enticement ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enticing ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : enticingly

Answer 70

(v) attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage. | وسوسه و جذب و ترغیب کردن

Answer 71

**ridicule** he is held up as an object of ridicule He was an unhappy figure of ridicule, not a figure of fun, among his colleagues. .................... She was ridiculed for her old-fashioned ideas. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ridicule ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ridicule / ridiculousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ridiculous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : ridiculously

Answer 72

(n) words or actions that make someone or something seem foolish or stupid: (v) to laugh at someone or something in an unkind way: | تمسخر - مسخره کردن

Answer 73

**bear,bore,borne** The strain must have been enormous but she bore it well. Tell me now! I can't bear the suspense! **[ + to infinitive ]** He couldn't bear to see the dog in pain. **[ + -ing verb ]** I can't bear being bored. ........................................................................ "the bees form large colonies and need the thick branches of tall trees to bear the weight of their nests" At Christmas the family all arrive at the house bearing gifts. Countless waiters bore trays of drinks into the room. The sound of the ice cream van was borne into the office on the wind. ....................................................... The pear tree they planted has never borne fruit. She had borne six children by the time she was 30. [ + two objects ] When his wife bore him a child he could not hide his delight. Most animals bear their young in the spring. ........................................................................... "many of the papers bore his flamboyant signature" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : bear ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : - ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : bearable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : bearably

Answer 74

(v) to accept, tolerate, or endure something, especially something unpleasant (v) carry the weight of; support. (v) to give birth to young, or (of a tree or plant) to give or produce fruit or flowers (v) to show (have or display as a visible mark or feature)

Answer 75

**cautionary** a cautionary tale

Answer 76

(adj) giving a warning | هشدار دهنده

Answer 77

**incessant** the incessant beat of the music incessant rain/noise/complaints ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : _ ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : incessant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : incessantly

Answer 78

(adj) (of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption. | بی وقفه

Answer 79

**in conjunction with** "herbal medicine was used in conjunction with acupuncture and massage" The concert will be held in conjunction with the festival. The medicine is typically used in conjunction with other treatments. in conjunction with a strong longitudinal electric field component, a natural acceleration channel has been demonstrated to exist for a laser beam in a vacuum

Answer 80

(proposition and idiom) in combination with, together with, in addition to, alongside | همراه با یا علاوه بر

Answer 81

**obstruct** Demonstrators obstructed the entrance to the building. Trees obstructed our view of the ocean. she was obstructing the entrance "they had to alter the course of the stream and obstruct the natural flow of the water" "fears that the regime would obstruct the distribution of food" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : obstruct ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obstruction ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : obstructive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obstructively | = block, stop, prevent

Answer 82

(v) to block and prevent movement, progress, success (to block or get in the way of something or someone, or to prevent something from happening or progressing by causing difficulties) | مسدود کردن، مانغ شدن

Answer 83

**recompense** The court awarded the women $100,000 each to recompense them for nine years of lost wages. The company says it has no legal or moral responsibility to assist in recompensing customers. ................................................. I received £500 from my neighbour in recompense for the damage to my wall. adequate recompense for workers who lose their jobs ✅ فعل ( verb ) : recompense ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : recompense ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : recompensable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 84

(v) to give something to someone as a payment or reward for their efforts or loss = compensate (n) a present given to someone to thank them for helping you, or payment given to someone because of slight problems or because of the loss of or damage to their property (compensation or reward given for loss or harm suffered or effort made.)

Answer 85

**shed** As the day warmed up, she shed her sweater. "many firms use relocation as an opportunity to shed jobs" Psychotherapy helped him to shed some of his insecurity/inhibitions. .............................. The trees shed their leaves in autumn. My cat shed all over the couch. They ran down to the water, shedding clothes as they went.

Answer 86

(v) to discard and get rid of something (v) to lose hair, leaves, or skin naturally, or to cause hair, skin, or leaves to drop, or to take off cloths

Answer 87

**ambivalent** My wife loves the opera, but I have **ambivalent feelings** about it. I felt very ambivalent about leaving home. He has fairly ambivalent feelings towards his father. an ambivalent attitude to exercise فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : ambivalence صفت ( adjective ) : ambivalent قید ( adverb ) : ambivalently

Answer 88

(v) having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel | دو دل یا دوگانه

Answer 89

**fanatical** His dedication to fitness was almost fanatical. Gary's fanatical about football. ..................................... a fanatical group that has threatened to assassinate doctors ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fanatic / fanaticism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fanatical ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fanatically

Answer 90

(adj, informal) extremely interested in something, to a degree that some people find unreasonable (adj)holding extreme beliefs that may lead to unreasonable or violent behaviour | متعصب

Answer 91

**chiefly** Today John-Philip Sousa is known chiefly for his music played by marching bands all over the US. The island chiefly attracts upmarket tourists. magazines intended chiefly for teenagers **(adj) chief** = main = most important The chief problem we have in the area now is the spread of disease. The weather was our chief reason for coming here.

Answer 92

(adv) mostly; mainly: (the most important or the most common) | عمدتا

Answer 93

**coarse** a coarse woollen cloth .................. a coarse joke coarse language Now and then coarse laughter broke out. فعل ( verb ) : - اسم ( noun ) : coarseness صفت ( adjective ) : coarse قید ( adverb ) : coarsely

Answer 94

(adj) rough and not smooth or soft (adj) rude or offensive in manner or speech | زبر و زمخت - توهین امیز و بی ادبانه

Answer 95

**curious** "I began to be curious about the whereabouts of the bride and groom" ......................................... "a curious sensation overwhelmed her" فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : curiosity صفت ( adjective ) : curious قید ( adverb ) : curiously

Answer 96

(adj) eager to know or learn something. (adj) strange; unusual. | کنجکاو ، عجیب و کنجکاو کننده

Answer 97

**exceedingly** "the team played exceedingly well" He is exceedingly rich. فعل ( verb ) : exceed اسم ( noun ) : exceess صفت ( adjective ) : exceessive قید ( adverb ) : exceedingly / exceessively

Answer 98

(adv) very ; extremely | (خیلی (به طور فزاینده

Answer 99

**extinguish** It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames. to extinguish a cigarette .................................................. "hope is extinguished little by little" Nothing could extinguish his love for her. فعل ( verb ) : extinguish اسم ( noun ) : extinguishment صفت ( adjective ) : extinguishable قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 100

(v) cause (a fire or light) to cease to burn or shine. (v, literary) to bring about the end of somthing

Answer 101

**illuminate** The streets were illuminated with strings of coloured lights. "a flash of lightning illuminated the house" The buildings were illuminated at night. .......................... This article illuminates the basic principles of economics. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : illuminate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : illumination روشنایی یا نورپردازی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : illuminated / illuminating ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 102

(v) make (something) visible or bright by shining light on it; light up. (v) help to clarify or explain. | روشن کردن

Answer 103

**brash** a brash young banker made many poor business dicisions His lawyer was brash, arrogant, and egocentric, but he usually won his cases. a designer known for his brash and innovative style فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : brashness صفت ( adjective ) : brash قید ( adverb ) : brashly | = reckless

Answer 104

(adj) too confident and aggressive; lacking regard for consequences | بی پروا

Answer 105

**reckless** He was found guilty of reckless driving These punks have a reckless disregard for the law. He pleaded innocent to reckless driving charges. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : recklessness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : reckless ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : recklessly

Answer 106

(adj) doing something dangerous and not worrying about the risks and the possible results | بی ملاحظه و بی پروا

Answer 107

**conceal** He made no attempt to conceal his satisfaction. The listening device was concealed in a pen. I tried to conceal my surprise when she told me her age. It was said that the police concealed vital evidence. Is there something you're concealing from me? فعل ( verb ) : conceal اسم ( noun ) : concealment / concealer کرم لکه بر صفت ( adjective ) : concealed قید ( adverb ) : _ | = hide

Answer 108

(v) to prevent something from being seen or known about; to hide something | پنهان کردن

Answer 109

**discrepancy** There were troubling discrepancies between his public and private opinions on how to balance the budget. **discrepancy between** There is some discrepancy between the two accounts. **discrepancy in** The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers. | = discrepancy in

Answer 110

(n) an unexpected difference, esp. in two amounts or two sets of facts or conditions, which suggests that something is wrong and has to be explained (**a difference between two things that should be the same**) | اختلاف

Answer 111

**creep** **creep through** She turned off the light and crept through the door. **creep around** Someone was creeping around outside my window. The spider crept up the wall. **creep along** The traffic was creeping along at a snail's pace. **(adj) creeping** | = crawl

Answer 112

(v) to move slowly, quietly, and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed | خزیدن

Answer 113

**crawl** The child crawled across the floor. Megan has just learned to crawl. The injured soldier crawled to safety. He had to crawl along a ledge and get in through a window.

Answer 114

(v) to move along on hands and knees or with your body stretched out along a surface | خزیدن یا چهار دست و پا راه رفتن

Answer 115

(v) to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop (v) to encourage groth of a relationship or friendship | کشت کردن و پرورش دادن محصولات زراعی، توسعه دادن دوستی یا روابط

Answer 116

**cultivate** Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate. The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans. ..................................... The new prime minister is cultivating relationships with East Asian countries. to cultivate friendships He cultivated business contacts in ten major cities. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : cultivate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cultivation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cultivated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | = grow

Answer 117

**docile** The once docile population has finally risen up against the ruthless regime. They have a big dog, but he’s real friendly and docile. اسم ( noun ) : docility صفت ( adjective ) : docile قید ( adverb ) : docilely | = submissive, obedient

Answer 118

(adj) calm in manner and easy to influence, persuade, or control; submissive | رام و مطیع

Answer 119

**engender** Your book has engendered much controversy. Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy. The vice-president's speech did not engender confidence in his judgment.

Answer 120

(v) to cause something new to exist (a feeling, situation, or condition). | باعث ایجاد چیزی شدن

Answer 121

**engross** "they seemed to be engrossed in conversation" What is it about Harry Potter that so engrosses children? فعل ( verb ) : engross اسم ( noun ) : engrossment صفت ( adjective ) : engrossed / engrossing قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 122

(v) absorb all the attention or interest of | غرق چیزی شدن

Answer 123

**flaw** I returned the material because it had a flaw in it. There's a fatal flaw in your reasoning. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : flaw ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : flawed / flawless ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | = defect

Answer 124

(n) a mark, blemish, or other imperfection; defect | نقص

Answer 125

**mammoth** Cleaning up the city-wide mess is going to be a mammoth task. It's a mammoth undertaking - are you sure you have the resources to cope?

Answer 126

(adj) extremely large (n) a type of large elephant, now extinct, that was covered in hair and had tusks | بسیار بزرگ، ماموت

Answer 127

**particle** Dust particles must have got into the motor. She wouldn't give me even the slightest particle of information about what she'd been doing "he agrees without hearing the least particle of evidence" | = fragment

Answer 128

(n) an extremely small piece of something | ذره

Answer 129

**settle** "the unions have settled their year-long dispute with Hollywood producers" Good, that's all settled - you send out the invitations for the party, and I'll organize the food. They haven't yet settled when the wedding is going to be. "The tickets are €40 each." "Well, that settles that - I can't afford that much." I'd like to get this matter settled once and for all ....................................... After they got married, they settled in Brooklyn. "one day I will settle down and raise a family" ............................................................ "his bill was settled by charge card" Please settle your account/bill without further delay. It took the insurance company months to settle my claim. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : settle ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : settlement / settler ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : settled ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 130

(v) resolve or reach an agreement about (an argument or problem). (v) to establish a home (V) pay (a debt or account). | حل و فصل کردن ، مستقر شدن

Answer 131

**monetary** The monetary policies of Germany affect other EU nations. The monarchy exerts monetary control over the duchy. "documents with little or no monetary value" The monetary unit of the UK is the pound.

Answer 132

(adj) relating to money or currency. | پولی

Answer 133

**dim** A dim bulb provides the only light in the hall. The lamp gave out a dim light. He sat in a dim corner of the waiting room. We could see a dim (= not easily seen) shape in the fog. ...................................... Someone dimmed the lights. The lights dimmed and the curtains opened. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dim ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dimness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dim ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : dimly | = faint

Answer 134

(adj) not bright; not giving or having much light (v) to (make something) become less bright | کم نور (کردن)

Answer 135

**faint** a faint sound/noise/smell The lamp gave out a faint glow. She gave me a faint smile of recognition. There's not the faintest hope of ever finding him. She bears a faint resemblance to my sister. ................................................................................ "the heat made him feel faint" She felt faint with hunger. .............................................................................. "I fainted from loss of blood" I nearly fainted in the heat. ............................................................................ she hit the floor in a dead faint

Answer 136

(adj) (of a sight, smell, or sound) barely perceptible not strong or clear (adj) feeling weak and dizzy and close to losing consciousness. (v) to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down (n) the act of suddenly becoming unconscious | (ضعیف(بینایی، بو یا صدا) یا (از نظر سلامتی)، غش (کردن

Answer 137

**install** "we're planning to install a new shower" ............................................................................... "he was installed as Prime Minister in 1966" She has installed a couple of young academics as her advisers. **(n) installer / installation**

Answer 138

(v) place or fix (equipment or machinery) in position ready for use. (v) place (someone) in a new position of authority, especially with ceremony. | نصب کردن - منصوب کردن

Answer 139

**jargon** military/legal/computer jargon technical/business/economic jargon **(adj) jargony** | = terminology

Answer 140

(n) special words and phrases that are used by particular groups of people, especially in their work | اصطلاحات مخصوص یک صنف

Answer 141

**terminology** scientific terminology | jargon

Answer 142

(n) special words or expressions used in relation to a particular subject or activity | اصطلاحات یا اصطلاح شناسی

Answer 143

**vibrant** The city is youthful, vibrant – an exciting place. Flowers of vibrant colors were on each table. a vibrant personality a vibrant city ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vibrance ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vibrant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vibrantly

Answer 144

(adj) energetic, bright, and full of life or excitement

Answer 145

**dormant** The long-dormant volcano has recently shown signs of erupting. These investments have remained dormant for several years. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dormancy / dormitory خوابگاه ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : dormant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = inactive

Answer 146

(adj) (of things) not active or growing, but having the ability to be active at a later time | غیر فعال و ساکت و خاموش

Answer 147

**drab** She walked through the city centre with its drab, grey buildings and felt depressed. I feel so drab in this grey uniform. He found London disagreeable, with its thick fog, cold drizzle, and drab food. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ): drabness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : drab ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : drably | =colorless

Answer 148

(adj) lacking color, or boring, especially in appearance | =colorless

Answer 149

**eclectic** "universities offering an eclectic mix of courses" It was an eclectic mix of our ethnic foods and traditional Thanksgiving food. an eclectic taste in literature **(adv) eclectically** | = diverse

Answer 150

(adj) selecting of representing somthing chosen from many source and places | متنوع و گلچین شده

Answer 151

**minuscule** the sale of the building had a minuscule effect on the profit of the corporation. Salaries are a minuscule part of the budget. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ): minutiae or minutia = small and often not important details ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : minuscule / minute = extremely small. ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 152

(adj) extremely small; tiny

Answer 153

**prime** he grabbed a gun from a nearby wall and primed it ...................................... You’re a prime candidate to be spending money on foolish things. This is a prime example of native Utah architecture. The hospital is located on prime Upper East Side property. ................................................................. This is a dancer in her prime. Middle age can be the prime of life if you have the right attitude. I suspect this cheese is past its prime.

Answer 154

(v) make (something) ready for use or action. (adj) most important, or of the best quality (n) the period in your life when you are most active or successful

Answer 155

**rudimentary** She has only a rudimentary grasp of the language. Her knowledge is still only rudimentary. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : rudiments صفت ( adjective ) : rudimentary قید ( adverb ) : _ | = basic

Answer 156

(adj) only basic, and not deep or detailed | ابتدایی

Answer 157

**skeptical** the public were deeply sceptical about some of the proposals Many experts remain skeptical about/of his claims. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : skeptic آدم مردد و بدبین / skepticism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : skeptical ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : skeptically | = dubious, doubtful

Answer 158

(adj) doubting that something is true or useful(ot easily convinced; having doubts) | = dubious, doubtful

Answer 159

**stoic** He is somewhat stoic as he speaks of his past. We knew she must be in pain, despite her stoic attitude. He showed a stoic resignation towards his fate. Local people were stoical about the damage caused by the hurricane. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : stoicism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : stoic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : stoically | = indifferent

Answer 160

(adj) not showing or not feeling any emotion, esp. in a situation in which the expression of emotion is expected | بی احساس, بی تفاوت

Answer 161

**vigorous** a vigorous debate There has been vigorous opposition to the proposals for a new road. He takes plenty of vigorous exercise. ............................................ Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote vigorous growth in the spring. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : vigor ( vigour ) = strength, energy, or enthusiasm ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : vigorous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : vigorously

Answer 162

(adj) very forceful or energetic (adj) healthy and strong

Answer 163

**amenity** The council has some spare cash, which it proposes to spend on public amenities. Straus established employee amenities such as restrooms, medical care, and a lunchroom. ................................................................. Facilities: امکانات ( ساختمان ها و مراکز خدماتی ) Amenities: امکانات ( خدمات رفاهی ) | = convenience

Answer 164

(n) something, such as a swimming pool or shopping centre, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people in a town, hotel, or other place | = convenience

Answer 165

**disperse** When the rain came down the crowds started to disperse. Police dispersed the crowd that had gathered. It took several hours for the crowd to disperse. فعل ( verb ) : disperse اسم ( noun ) : dispersal پراکندگی/ dispersion صفت ( adjective ) :dispersed قید ( adverb ) :

Answer 166

(v) to scatter or move away over a large area, or to make something do this | متفرق و پراکنده کردن یا شدن

Answer 167

**dwell | dwelt or dwelled | dwelt or dwelled** She dwelt in South Africa for ten years. She dwelt in remote parts of Asia for many years. "groups of people still dwell in these caves" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : dwell ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : dweller / dwelling ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : - ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 168

(v) to live in a place or in a particular way: | اقامت گزیدن

Answer 169

**emphatically** Johnson has emphatically denied the allegations against him. "The violence must stop, and it will stop," he said emphatically. He most emphatically does not speak for me. I would say very emphatically that I have never uttered one disrespectful word. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : emphasize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : emphasis ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : emphatic = expressing something forcibly and clearly. ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : emphatically

Answer 170

(adv) in a forceful way; used to emphasize what you are saying | با تاکید،به طور موکد ، قاطعانه، با قاطعیت، مصرانه

Answer 171

**encircle** "the town is encircled by fortified walls" The house is encircled by a high fence. A parking lot encircles the mall. **(adj) encircled**

Answer 172

(v) to surround or form a circle around something: | حلقه زدن و محاصره کردن

Answer 173

**erratic** "her breathing was erratic" He drove in an erratic course down the road. She can be very erratic; one day she is friendly and the next she'll hardly speak to you. **(adv) erratically**

Answer 174

(adj) moving or behaving in a way that is not regular, certain, or expected | بی قاعده یا دمدمی مزاج و بی ثبات

Answer 175

**mortify** The thought of the incident still mortified her. He’s mortified by the fact that at 38 he still lives at home with his mother. فعل ( verb ) : mortify اسم ( noun ) : mortification صفت ( adjective ) : mortifying / mortified قید ( adverb ) : _ | = embarrassed, humiliate

Answer 176

(v) to make someone very embarrassed | شرمگین کردن

Answer 177

**prevalent** These diseases are more prevalent among young children. Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent. Drought conditions have been prevalent across the area for several years. **(n) prevalence**

Answer 178

(adj) existing commonly or happening frequently (widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.) | رایج

Answer 179

(n) the distance from one side to another, esp. when it is shorter than the distance between the object’s other two sides: (n) the range or areas of knowledge or ability that someone has | فاصله یا عرض، گستره

Answer 180

**breadth** The length of this box is twice its breadth. ................................................ The breadth of his knowledge of history was impressive. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : broaden = to become wider, or to cause something to be wider, or to increase the range of something: عریض یا گسترده کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : breadth ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : broad عریض یا گسترده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : broadly

Answer 181

**burgeon** Love burgeoned between them. Product placement has burgeoned to the extent that corporate logos are now found in most mainstream films. **(adj) burgeoning**

Answer 182

(v) to develop or grow quickly | به سرعت رشد کردن، سریعا شکوفا شدن

Answer 183

**conspicuously** The temple's grand white arches rose conspicuously over the dirty decaying city. Ms Andrews was conspicuously absent from the event ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conspicuousness = conspicuity = the quality of being noticeable or easy to see آشکار بودن ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conspicuous = very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted اشکار ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conspicuously | = noticeably

Answer 184

(adv) in a clearly visible way; noticeably | به طور آشکار

Answer 185

**deficient** **deficient in** A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the disease rickets His theory is deficient in several respects. A diet that is deficient in protein is harmful to children. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : deficit = the amount by which money spent is more than money received کسری / deficiency = the state of not having, or not having enough, of something that is needed کمبود = a lack or shortage. ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : deficient ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : deficiently | = lacking

Answer 186

(adj) not having enough of, not good enough | ناکافی و دارای کمبود

Answer 187

**eloquent** She made an eloquent appeal for action. The pictures were an eloquent reminder of the power of the volcano. When required, he could be an eloquent speaker, but preferred talking to small groups. "an eloquent speech" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : eloquence فصاحت و شیوایی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : eloquent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : eloquently

Answer 188

(adj) expressing clearly, effectively, and persuasive (if person, in speaking or writing.) | شیوا - فصیح

Answer 189

(v) to cause a liquid to change to a gas, especially by heating = vaporize (v) (of something abstract or problem) to vanish= disappear | تبخیر کردن - ناپدید شدن یا برباد رفتن

Answer 190

**evaporate** "cook until most of the liquid has evaporated" ........................................................ Halfway through the movie reality evaporates and we enter a world of pure fantasy. the militancy of earlier years had evaporated in the wake of defeat the chances of the two sides reaching an agreement have evaporated The issue of global warming is not just going to evaporate ✅ فعل ( verb ) : evaporate / vaporize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evaporation / vapor / vaporization ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evaporated / vaporized ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 191

**susceptible** Some people are more susceptible to peer pressure than others. He’s very susceptible to colds. She isn't very susceptible to flattery. These plants are particularly susceptible to frost. Among particularly susceptible children, the disease can develop very fast. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : susceptibility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : susceptible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : susceptibly | = vulnerable

Answer 192

(adj) easily influenced or likely to be hurt by something (likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing) | تاثیر پذیر - حساس - مستعد

Answer 193

**dignitary** Several foreign dignitaries attended the ceremony. His responsibilities included welcoming visiting dignitaries from foreign countries.

Answer 194

(n) a person considered to be important because of high rank or office. | آدم سرشناس و عالی مقام - شخص بزرگ مرتبه

Answer 195

**elude** "he tried to elude the security men by sneaking through a back door" The bear that had eluded capture for so long was caught at last. ........................................... It was simply her misfortune that an Olympic medal eluded her in 1988. They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : elude ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elusiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elusive = difficult to find, catch, or achieve. ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : elusively ------------------------ elusive difficult to find, catch, or achieve. "success will become ever more elusive" در مورد انسان یا حیوان: کمیاب در مورد نتایج : دور از دسترس، سخت دست یافتنی در مورد نظرات و افکار: مبهم elusive memories : خاطرات فرّار ( بسختی به یاد آورده می شوند ) elusive questions : سئوالات سخت ( پاسخشان به سختی بدست می آید ) elusive numbers : اعداد پیچیده، اعداد متغیر، اعداد نامعلوم ( سخت بدست می آیند )

Answer 196

(v) escape from or avoid (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a skilful or cunning way. (v) (of an achievement or something desired) fail to be attained by (someone). | دم به تله ندادن یا قسر در رفتن ، از زیر دست در رفتن و از دست دادن

Answer 197

**exhaust** The long hike up the mountain exhausted us all. .............................. "the country has exhausted its treasury reserves" How long will it be before the world's fuel supplies are exhausted? After a whole day with the kids, her patience was nearly exhausted. We seem to have exhausted this topic of conversation (= we have nothing new to say about it). .......................................................................... "buses spewing out black clouds of exhaust" Car exhaust is the main reason for the city's pollution. exhaust fumes ✅ فعل ( verb ) : exhaust ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : exhaustion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exhausting / exhausted / exhaustive = detailed and complete and including everything کامل و جامع ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exhaustively .................................... an exhaustive study/report "the guide outlines every bus route in exhaustive detail" | = deplete

Answer 198

(v) to make a person or an animal extremely tired (v) to use up sth (esp, resources or reserves) completely. (n) the waste gas from an engine, especially a car's, or the pipe the gas flows through ## Footnote 1. اگزوز 2. خسته کردن ( نیروی چیزی را گرفتن/از پا دراوردن ) 3. تهی ( تمام ) کردن ( ( به طور کامل ) مصرف کردن )

Answer 199

**deplete** If we continue to deplete the earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment. reservoirs have been depleted by years of drought Acid rain depletes the region’s fish stocks. **deplete something of something** The illness depletes the body of important vitamins. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : deplete ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : depletion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : depleted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = use up, exhaust

Answer 200

(v) to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc | کم و خالی کردن

Answer 201

**extensive** Her knowledge of music is extensive (= she knows a lot about music). The wedding received extensive coverage in the newspapers (= it was written about a lot). "an extensive collection of silver" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : extend = to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : extension / extensiveness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : extensive / extendable / extended ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : extensively ..................................... **extend** to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer ۱ - بسط دادن، طولانی یا بزرگ کردن [از لحاظ اندازه] ۲ - طولانی کردن یا تمدید کردن [از لحاظ زمانی] We have plans to extend our house (= to make it bigger). The bar has recently extended its opening hours (= made them longer). I need to extend my visa (= make it last longer).

Answer 202

(adj) covering a large area; having a great range (esp to offer) | گسترده

Answer 203

**facet** a philosophy that extends to all facets of the business She has so many facets to her personality. ........................................................ "a blue and green jewel that shines from a million facets" **(adj) faceted** = having many sides or many different aspects or features. | = aspect

Answer 204

(n) a particular aspect or feature of something. (n) one side of something many-sided, especially of a cut gem. | جنبه، وجهه

Answer 205

**idol** Basketball players are his idols. a pop/sporting idol The Hollywood film idols of the 1940s were glamorous figures, adored by millions. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : idolize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : idol / idolization / idolatry ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : idolatrous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ........................................................................................ **idolatry** the worship of idols. بت پرستی یا ستایش و پرستیدن چیزی یا کسی به خصوص الگو The youngster makes no attempt to conceal his idolatry of his team-mate. Newton was revered to the point of idolatry. ................................................................................................. **idolatrous** relating to or practising idolatry مربوط به بت پرستی یا ستایش و پرستیدن چیزی یا کسی Authorities destroyed a number of statues that were deemed idolatrous. The modern obsession with health is idolatrous.

Answer 206

(n) a person or image that is loved, admired, or respected a lot (n) an object or picture that is worshipped as a god.

Answer 207

=**oblivious** "she became absorbed, oblivious to the passage of time" She was often oblivious to the potential consequences of her actions. Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings. The mayor seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : obliviousness = oblivion = the same meaning as oblivion or the state of being completely forgotten by the public بی خبری یا نسیان و فراموشی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : oblivious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : obliviously

Answer 208

(adj) not aware of or not noticing or concerned something, esp. what is happening around you | بی خبر. غافل -. بی اعتنا

Answer 209

**remote** Australia is large, and remote from the great centres of population of the world They live in a remote corner of Scotland, miles from the nearest shop. ............................................... "companies will understand that remote working can be helpful for employees" This enables you to get remote access to your email. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : remoteness / remote = a remote control device. ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : remote ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : remotely

Answer 210

(adj) (of a place) situated far from the main centres of population; distant. (adj) conducted or working away from a usual workplace or location, making use of communications technology. | دور یا دور افتاده - از راه دور

Answer 211

**surpass** His time for the 100 metres surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second. The book's success has surpassed everyone's expectations. The director has really surpassed himself (= done better than he has done before) with this new film. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : surpass ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : surpass ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : surpassable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | =exceed

Answer 212

(v) to do or be better or greater than something. to go beyond | =پیشی گرفتن

Answer 213

**uphold** The Supreme Court upheld California’s term limit measure. "the court upheld his claim for damages" "they uphold a tradition of not causing distress to living creatures" **(n) upholder**

Answer 214

(v) to defend or support or maintain a principle or law, or to state that a decision that has already been made, esp. a legal one, is correct ( to confirm or support (something which has been questioned) or maintain (a custom or practice).)

Answer 215

**amply** "the persistent reader is amply rewarded" They face a difficult task, as yesterday's discussions amply demonstrated. Your time and effort on this project will be amply compensated/rewarded. **(adj) ample**

Answer 216

(adv) in a way that is enough or more than enough=plentifully = abundantly

Answer 217

**arduous** an arduous climb/task/journey Despite all this, completing the book - though immensely rewarding - is an arduous undertaking. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : arduousness پر زحمتی و طاقت فرسایی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : arduous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : arduously

Answer 218

(adj) difficult and tiring, or needing a great deal of effort and energy | پر زحمت و طاقت فرسا

Answer 219

**arid** The desert is so arid that nothing can grow there. "the arid plains north of Cape Town" | = dry, barren

Answer 220

(adj) (of land or a climate) having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation. | خشک و بایر

Answer 221

**avert** The shy man was standing before me, his eyes averted. I averted my gaze/eyes while he dressed. We tried to avert our thoughts from our massive financial problems. ..................................................................... to avert a crisis/conflict/strike/famine to avert disaster/economic collapse "talks failed to avert a rail strike" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : avert ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aversion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : avertable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | = prevent

Answer 222

(v) to turn away your eyes or thoughts (v) to prevent something bad from happening | برگرداندن فکر یا چشم ، جلو گیری کردن از یک اتفاق بد

Answer 223

**defy** It is rare to see children openly defying their teachers. A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike. The fact that aircraft don't fall out of the sky always seems to me to defy (= act against) the law of gravity. A forest fire raging in southern California is defying (= is not changed by) all attempts to control it. فعل ( verb ) : defy اسم ( noun ) : defiance صفت ( adjective ) : defiant قید ( adverb ) : defiantly ................................................................... **defy belief/description/analysis/analysis** be of such a kind or nature that (a specified attitude or action) is almost impossible. غیر قابل . . . بودن The chaos at the airport defies description. Defy belief: غیرقابل باور بودن Defy analysis: غیرقابل تحلیل بودن Defy description: غیرقابل توصیف بودن defy analysis: غیرقابل توضیح بودن ........................................ **defy someone to do something** = challange or dare sb to do sth to tell someone to do something that you think will be impossible I defy you to prove your accusations. I defy you to find a better cup of coffee anywhere in this city. I defy you to read this description without laughing. I defy you to tell where I've painted over the scratch on my car. She defied me to come up with a more plausible explanation.

Answer 224

(v) resist or refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc. | سرپیچی کردن

Answer 225

**diligent** The discovery was made after years of diligent research They made diligent efforts to carry out their programs. a diligent student **diligent about** Leo is very diligent about his work. **diligent in** Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : diligence ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : diligent ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : diligently .............................. **due diligence** **reasonable steps taken by a person to avoid committing a tort or offence.** دقت لازم * People have to exercise due diligence and watch what's being bought on their credit cards. **business : research and analysis of a company or organization done in preparation for a business transaction (such as a corporate merger or purchase of securities)** بررسی دقیق فرایند تحقیق و بررسی جامع و دقیق که قبل از انجام یک معامله تجاری، سرمایه گذاری یا هر تصمیم گیری مهم دیگری انجام میشه. * The buyout group's due diligence is expected to run till late March.

Answer 226

(adj) careful and serious in your work, or done in a careful and determined way (having or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties.) | کوشا و با دقت ## Footnote کسی یا چیزی که دوتا ویژگی داره : ۱. سخت کوش ( کوشا ) و پر تلاش ۲. محتاط و تیز ( تا اشتباهی رخ نده ) / دقیق وقتی در رابطه با یک کار بکار میره معنیش میشه : مستمر - پیگیرانه - مداوم - سیریشانه - و حتی دقیق

Answer 227

**enact** For the second year, national lawmakers failed to enact environmental legislation. "legislation was enacted to attract international companies" A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country. The government is to enact a law aimed at improving safety on construction sites. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : enact ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : enactment ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : enacted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ There must be consultation with employer and employee representatives before the **enactment** of new regulations. | = legislate

Answer 228

(v) to put something into action, especially to make a law, or to make an idea into a law | وضع کردن/تصویب کردن

Answer 229

**feign** You know how everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are. The prosecution claimed that the defendant had feigned the injury. She responded to his remarks with feigned amusement. He feigned sickness so he wouldn’t have to go to school. **(adj) feigned** وانمود و تظاهر شده ...................................................................................... همون وانمود کردن یا pretend هست، فقط در ساختار استفاده متفاوته "He feigned shock at what the woman said. " He pretended **to** be shocked at what the woman said. "

Answer 230

(v) to pretend to have a particular feeling, condition, problem, etc. | تظاهر کردن به - وانمود کردن

Answer 231

**fertile** fertile soil ..................................... People get less fertile as they get older. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : fertilize بارور کردن یا کود دادن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fertilization / fertilizer کود/ fertility ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fertile ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 232

(adj) (of soil or land) producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops. (adj) (of a person, animal, or plant) able to conceive young or produce seed. | حاصلخیز-بارور

Answer 233

**pinpoint** It is not possible to pinpoint precisely the time of death. They were unable to pinpoint the source of the noise. Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion. ...................................................................................... "this weapon fired shells with pinpoint accuracy" The computer will calculate your position with pinpoint accuracy. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : pinpoint ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : - ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : pinpoint ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 234

(v) to find out or describe sth with precision ( the exact position in space or time, or the exact facts about something) (adj) absolutely precise; very exact | مشخص کردن - بسیار دقیق

Answer 235

**spacious** a spacious house/living room spacious accommodation "the hotel has a spacious lounge and TV room" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : space / spaciousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : spacious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : spaciously | = roomy, expansive

Answer 236

(adj) (especially of a room or building) large and having ample space | جادار

Answer 237

**adhere** Glue won’t adhere to any surface that’s wet. .................................... She adhered to her principles/ideals throughout her life. They failed to adhere to the terms of the agreement/treaty. The translator has obviously adhered very strictly to the original text. College coaches have to adhere to the rules about recruiting high school students. فعل ( verb ) : adhere اسم ( noun ) : adherence / adherent = someone who supports a particular party, person, or set of ideas. صفت ( adjective ) : - قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 238

(v) to stick or be attached firmly to a surface (v) to continue to obey a rule, believe in, or support something, esp. a custom or belief: | چسبیدن ( به ) ؛ پایبند بودن ( به )

Answer 239

**sturdy** sturdy walking boots a sturdy table sturdy little legs That ladder doesn’t look sturdy enough to hold you. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sturdiness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sturdy ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sturdily

Answer 240

(adj) physically strong and solid or thick, and therefore unlikely to break or be hurt ## Footnote 1 - محکم / مقاوم / با دوام 2 - نیرومند / تنومند / قوی هیکل 3 - مصمم / با اراده

Answer 241

**foster** "the teacher's task is to foster learning" I try to foster an appreciation for classical music in my students. **foster something in someone** I'm trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children. They were discussing the best way to foster democracy and prosperity in the former communist countries. | = stimulate

Answer 242

(v) to take care of a child as if it were your own, usually for a limited time, without being the child’s legal parent (v) to encourage the development or growth of (esp, ideas or feelings) | به فرزندخواندگی گرفتن- پرورش و تقویت کردن

Answer 243

**harbor** "she started to harbour doubts about the wisdom of their journey" He harbored the suspicion that someone in the agency was spying for the enemy. ........................................................................ "he was suspected of harbouring an escaped prisoner"

Answer 244

(n) بندر (v) keep (a thought or feeling, typically a negative one) in one's mind, especially secretly (v) shelter or hide (a criminal or wanted person). | در ذهن داشتن یک فکر یا احساس ، پناه دادن

Answer 245

**perilous** The country roads are quite perilous. A perilous journey through the mountains was their only escape route. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : imperil = to put something or someone in danger بخطر انداختن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : peril خطر ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : perilous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : perilously Withdrawing the medical team would **imperil** the effort to control the spread of malaria. Teenagers must be warned about the **perils** of unsafe sex.

Answer 246

(adj) full of danger or risk; extremely dangerous: | خطرناک

Answer 247

**redundant** "eight permanent staff were **made redundant**" To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant. figurative New technology often makes old skills and even whole communities redundant. .............................................. "our peculiar affection for redundant phrases" In the sentence "She is a single unmarried woman", the word "unmarried" is redundant. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : redundancy تعدیل نیرو ( در مدیریت منابع انسانی ) ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : redundant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : redundantly The economic downturn has meant 10,000 **redundancies** in the Northeast. heavy/large-scale/widespread redundancies a redundancy programme/scheme

Answer 248

(adj) unnecessary because it is more than is needed * (of a person) no longer employed because there is no more work available. * (of words, phrases, etc. or data) able to be omitted without loss of meaning or function. | تعدیل شده، بیکار شده - اضافی و غیر ضروری

Answer 249

**substantive** Substantive research on the subject needs to be carried out. The documents are the first substantive information obtained by the investigators. a substantive issue/matter substantive talks/negotiations ✅ فعل ( verb ) : substantiate = provide evidence to support or prove the truth of اثبات کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : substantiation / substantive ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : substantial / substantive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : substantially We have evidence to substantiate the allegations against him. Reports that children had been hurt have not been substantiated.

Answer 250

(adj) important, serious, or related to real facts; having real importance or value: | اساسی؟

Answer 251

**underscore** The need for fire detectors in cargo bays was underscored by some accidents in the 1980s. | = emphasize, highlight, underline

Answer 252

(v) to emphasize the importance of something; to underline | تاکید کردن بر چیزی یا زیر چیزی خط کشیدن

Answer 253

**conscientious** a conscientious student She was a conscientious worker, and I’ll miss her. "a conscientious man, he took his duties very seriously" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : - ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : conscience / conscientiousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : conscientious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : conscientiously

Answer 254

(adj) feeling a moral responsibility to do your work carefully and with a lot of effort | وظیفه شناس و با وجدان کاری

Answer 255

**meticulous** a meticulous housekeeper meticulous research Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book. "the designs are hand-glazed with meticulous care" فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : meticulousness صفت ( adjective ) : meticulous قید ( adverb ) : meticulously

Answer 256

(adj) giving or showing careful attention to every detail: | دقیق و ریزبین

Answer 257

**inadvertently** He inadvertently deleted the file. I inadvertently ended up on the wrong street. "his name had been inadvertently omitted from the list" فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : inadvertence صفت ( adjective ) : inadvertent قید ( adverb ) : inadvertently | = accidentally, by accident, unintentionally

Answer 258

(adv) without intention; accidentally. | به طور ناخواسته

Answer 259

**infantile** infantile behaviour Don't be so infantile. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : infancy / infant صفت ( adjective ) : infantile قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 260

(adj) of or relating to babies or very young children. if used for older, mean that it is foolish and is typical of a young child: | نوزادی و بچگانه

Answer 261

**mimic** She was mimicking the various people in our office. "she mimicked Eileen's pedantic voice" **(n) mimicker** | = imitate

Answer 262

(v) to copy the way someone speaks and moves, esp. in order to amuse or insult people | ادای کسی را در آوردن

Answer 263

**paramount** **be paramount** or **be of paramount importance** or **paramount .......noun.......** "the interests of the child are of paramount importance" There are many priorities, but reducing the budget deficit is paramount/is of paramount importance. Everybody agrees that education is the paramount issue. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : paramountcy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : paramount ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : paramountly | = foremost

Answer 264

(adj) more important than anything else | بسیار مهم یا مهم ترین

Answer 265

**proficient** a proficient swimmer He studied Chinese and became proficient in the language. It takes a couple of years of regular driving before you become proficient at it. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : proficiency مهارت و تسلط ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : proficient ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : proficiently | = competent

Answer 266

(adj) skilled and experienced | ماهر و مسلط

Answer 267

**competent** a competent secretary/rider/cook I wouldn't say he was brilliant but he is competent at his job. فعل ( verb ) : - اسم ( noun ) : competence = competency = the ability to do something well: صلاحیت و شایستگی صفت ( adjective ) : competent قید ( adverb ) : competently He reached a reasonable level of **competence** in English.

Answer 268

(adj) having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully. | دارای صلاحیت و شایسته

Answer 269

**efficient** "more efficient processing of information" Modern-day car engines are much more efficient. ........................................................................ We need someone really efficient who can organize the office and make it run smoothly. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : efficiency کارایی - بهره وری - بازده صفت ( adjective ) : efficient قید ( adverb ) : efficiently

Answer 270

(adj) (of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense. (adj) (of a person) working in a well-organized and competent way. | کارآمد و موثر

Answer 271

**retrieve** We taught our dog to retrieve a ball. Computers are used to store and **retrieve information** efficiently. Important historic documents were retrieved from a dumpster last week. فعل ( verb ) : retrieve اسم ( noun ) : retrieval بازیابی صفت ( adjective ) : retrieved قید ( adverb ) : - | =restore

Answer 272

(v) to find and bring back something | بازیابی کردن- بازپس گرفتن - دوباره به دست آوردن

Answer 273

**unwarranted** People need to be protected against such unwarranted intrusions into their private lives by journalists. They denounced the investigation as an unwarranted interference with their business. | = unjustified

Answer 274

(adj) not having a good reason or cause and therefore annoying or unfair | بی مورد و بی جا و نامناسب

Answer 275

**zenith** Their popularity reached its zenith in the mid-1990s. he summer sun was at its zenith in a cloudless sky. | = apex

Answer 276

(n) the best, highest, or most successful point or time | اوج و بالاترین نقطه

Answer 277

**apex** the apex of a pyramid He reached the apex of his career during that period "the apex of the roof"

Answer 278

(n) the highest point or top of something | راس و نوک یا نقطه اوج

Answer 279

**agitate** I didn't want to agitate her by telling her. ..................................................................... Pour the powder into the solution and agitate it until the powder has dissolved. .............................................. Telephone companies began to agitate for permission to compete in long distance services. The unions continue to agitate for higher pay. As a young man, he had agitated against the Vietnam war. "they agitated for a reversal of the decision" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : agitate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : agitation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : agitated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 280

**comply** He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply. **comply with** There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations. Comosa says he will comply with the judge’s ruling. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : comply ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : compliance / compliancy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : compliant مطیع، فرمانبردار ( در مورد انسان ) ● سازگار ( در مورد تجهیزات و غیره ) ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : compliantly

Answer 281

(v) to make someone feel worried or angry (v) to shake a liquid=stir,whisk (v) to argue energetically, esp. in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change | مضطرب و نگران کردن،تکان دادن و هم زدن

Answer 282

(v) to act according and obey an order, rule, or request | باید مطابق با .... عمل کردن ## Footnote تبعیت کردن ، پیروی کردن ، اطاعت کردن، فرمانبردار ی کردن

Answer 283

**acquiesce** Reluctantly, he acquiesced to/in the plans. The bank acquiesced to an extension of the loan. "Sara acquiesced in his decision" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : acquiesce ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : acquiescence ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : acquiescent= willing to do what other people want ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 284

(v) to accept or agree to something, often without really wanting to | با اکراه قبول کردن ( بدون اعتراض )

Answer 285

**elated** "after the concert, I felt elated" **elated at/by** The prince was reported to be elated at/by the birth of his daughter. He was elated by the news that he had won a full scholarship. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : elate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : elation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : elated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : elatedly

Answer 286

(adj) extremely happy and excited, often because something has happened or been achieved | خرکیف😂، خوشحال

Answer 287

**discreetly** The removal of the waste is done discreetly. She very discreetly corrected him about his mistake. The cables can be discreetly placed out of sight. "he discreetly inquired whether the position was still available" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discretion ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discreet = careful not to cause embarrassment or attract a lot of attention / discretionary = available to someone by choice, without having to get permission or authority اختیاری ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : discreetly ....................................................... **discretion** the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information * "she knew she could rely on his discretion" the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation * "local authorities should use their discretion in setting the charges"

Answer 288

(adv) in a careful, polite manner (in a way that is careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret) | چراغ خاموش، طوری که دیگران نفهمن ، با ملاحظه و احتباط

Answer 289

**evoke** That smell always evokes memories of my old school. a detergent designed to evoke the fresh smell of summer meadows The smell of chalk always evokes memories of my school days. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : evoke ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : evocation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : evocative تداعی کننده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : evocatively

Answer 290

(v) to make someone remember or feel sth (a feeling, memory, or image) | تداعی کردن ( خاطره، تصاویر ذهنی و یک احساس)

Answer 291

**invoke** Their sacred dance is performed to invoke ancient gods. .................................................................. Police can invoke the law to regulate access to these places. "the antiquated defence of insanity is rarely invoked in England" Rather than answer the question, the witness invoked the Fifth Amendment against incriminating himself. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : invoke ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : invocation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 292

(v) to call on something or someone, esp. God, for (v) to use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action | متوسل شدن به خدا یا مقدسات، استناد کردن به

Answer 293

**impartial** impartial advice A trial must be fair and impartial. The jury has to give an impartial verdict after listening to all of the evidence. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : impartiality بی طرفی صفت ( adjective ) : impartial قید ( adverb ) : impartially بی طرفانه | = unbiased, unprejudiced, neutral, non-partisan, non-discriminatory

Answer 294

(adj) able to judge or consider something fairly without allowing your own interest to influence you. not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument = unbiased | بی طرف یا بی طرفانه

Answer 295

**inordinate** Margot has always spent an **inordinate amount** of time on her appearance. "the case had taken up an inordinate amount of time" the airlines had to cancer an **inordinate number** of flights due to the fog. **(adv) inordinately** | = excessive

Answer 296

(adj) much more than usual or expected, and unreasonably or unusually large in size or degree = excessive | بیش از حد

Answer 297

**inundate** We have been inundated with requests for help. After appearing on TV they were inundated with telephone calls for a week. We were inundated with complaints when the show had to be canceled. .................................................................................. Floods inundated various Indian communities. "the islands may be the first to be inundated as sea levels rise" | = overwhelm

Answer 298

(v, passive usually) to give someone so much work or so many things that they cannot deal with it all = overwhelm (v) to flood (an area) with water | با سیلی/انبوهی از ... مواجه شدن - زیرآب کردن

Answer 299

**nominal** "Thailand retained nominal independence under Japanese military occupation" He’s the nominal head of the university. .............................................................. "they charge a nominal fee for the service"

Answer 300

(adj) (of a role or status) existing in name or thought only, and not in reality . (adj) (of a price or charge) very small; far below the real value or cost. | اسمی - ( درمورد پول ) بسیار ناچیز و کمتر از ارزش واقعی

Answer 301

**diminutive** He's a diminutive figure, less than five feet tall. My grandmother was a diminutive woman, less than 5 feet tall. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : diminish ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : diminution ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : diminutive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ .................................................. **diminish** to reduce or be reduced in size or importance کم کردن یا کم اهمیت جلوه دادن * I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help. * A single-payer system would diminish the bureaucratic cost of health care

Answer 302

(adj) very small:

Answer 303

**culminate** **culminate in/with something** "weeks of violence culminated in the brutal murder of a magistrate" My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and finally culminated in my resignation. Their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure for the disease. (n) culmination | =finish, conclude

Answer 304

(v) reach a climax or point of highest development.(If an event or series of events .... in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point) | در نهایت به نقطه ی عطفی ختم شدن

Answer 305

**demeanor or demeanour** The boss has a calm, reassuring demeanor. He was surprised by her calm demeanour. **in someone’s demeanour** There was nothing in his demeanour that suggested he was anxious. **demeanour of** She has the demeanour of a woman who is contented with her life. A small man of cheery demeanour came to greet us. | = conduct

Answer 306

(n) someone's outward behaviour or appearance | رفتار یا ظاهر ظاهری کسی

Answer 307

**fallacious** His argument is based on fallacious reasoning. "fallacious arguments" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fallacy = a false belief باور غلط ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fallacious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : fallaciously | = false, incorrect

Answer 308

(adj) not correct;false (based on a mistaken belief.) | غلط

Answer 309

**exert** To cut costs, health-insurance plans are exerting tighter control over paying for medical care. If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision. the moon exerts a force on the Earth Some managers exert considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without being paid. .......................................... **exert yourself/myself/himself.......** Try not to exert yourself while you are recovering - it could set you back. "he needs to exert himself to try to find an answer" As soon as we stop exerting ourselves, our heart rate should return to normal.

Answer 310

(v) to use something such as authority, power, influence,force, quality etc. in order to make something happen (v) make a physical or mental effort. | به کار بستن چیزی، به کار گرفتن - از کسی کار کشیدن

Answer 311

**limber** "I have to practise to keep myself limber" ....................................... "the acrobats were limbering up for the big show"

Answer 312

(adj) (of a person) able to bend and move easily and smoothly (v) warm up in preparation for exercise or activity, especially sport or athletics. | 1. نرم. انعطاف پذیر 2. نرمش کردن. ( خود را ) گرم کردن

Answer 313

**preconception** Many people still have preconceptions about how Native Americans live. Try to go into the meeting without too many preconceptions about what the other group wants. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : preconceive ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : preconception ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : preconceived ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 314

(n) an idea or opinion formed before enough information is available to form it correctly | تعصب - تصور قبلی ( تصور بدون اطلاعات و تجربه )

Answer 315

**antiquated** It will take many years to modernize these antiquated industries. Compared with modern satellite dishes, ordinary TV aerials look positively antiquated. antiquated ideas/attitudes/values antiquated laws/machinery/technology **(n) antique**

Answer 316

(adj) old-fashioned or unsuitable for modern society | قدیمی - منسوخ شده

Answer 317

**coherent** "they failed to develop a coherent economic strategy" The president has not presented a coherent plan for dealing with it. ..................... When she calmed down, she was more coherent (= able to speak clearly and be understood). I should warn you, she’s not always coherent. .................................... "the arts could be systematized into one coherent body of knowledge" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : cohere ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : coherence / coherency / cohesion2 / cohesiveness2 ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : coherent / cohesive2 ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : coherently

Answer 318

1.(adj) (of an argument,plan, idea, theory, or policy) logical and consistent. 1.(adj) (of a person) able to expressing oneself clearly. 2.(adj) forming a unified whole. | منطقی و منسجم , قابل فهم

Answer 319

**fabricate** "officers fabricated evidence" He was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble. He claims that the police fabricated evidence against him. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : fabricate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : fabrication ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : fabricated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | = make sth up

Answer 320

(v) to invent or produce something false in order to deceive someone: | جعل کردن یا داستان سر هم کردن

Answer 321

**generic** The new range of engines all had a generic problem with their fan blades. Jazz is a generic term for a wide range of different styles of music. "chèvre is a generic term for all goat's milk cheese" **(adv) generically**

Answer 322

(adj) relating to a whole group or category of thing | عمومی و متداول و شایع

Answer 323

**probe** The probe explored allegations of corruption in the police department. ................................................ [ I ] Investigators are probing into new evidence in the case.

Answer 324

(n) a thorough investigation into a crime or other matter; a careful and detailed examination (v) to search into or examine or investigation something | (تحقیق و تفحص (کردن

Answer 325

**nurture** As a record company director, his job is to nurture young talent. Winifred nurtured ambitions for her daughter to be a surgeon. She wants to stay at home and nurture her children. a carefully nurtured garden Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or nurture? **(adj) nurturing** | = cultivate

Answer 326

(v,n) to feed and care for a child, or to help someone or something develop by encouraging that person or thing | پرورش (دادن) = حمایت و تشویق توسعه چیزی

Answer 327

**cultivate** "the peasants who cultivated the land became its owners" Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate. The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans. ................................... "he cultivated an air of indifference" She has cultivated an image as a tough negotiator. We’re trying to help these kids cultivate an interest in science. to cultivate friendships ✅ فعل ( verb ) : cultivate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : cultivation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : cultivated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : -

Answer 328

(v) to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop: (v) try to acquire or develop (a quality or skill).

Answer 329

**accentuate** Her dress was tightly belted, accentuating the slimness of her waist. The new policy only serves to accentuate the inadequacy of help for the homeless. The short black dress accentuated her slenderness. "his jacket unfortunately accentuated his paunch" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : accentuate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : accentuation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : _ ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 330

(v) make more noticeable or prominent.(to emphasize a particular feature of something or to make something more noticeable) | برجسته کردن , توی چشم و مشخص کردن

Answer 331

**ignite** The fuel spontaneously ignites because of the high temperature and pressure. The proposed restrictions have ignited a storm of protest. ..................................................... to ignite a controversy The proposed restrictions have ignited a storm of protest. "the words ignited new fury in him" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : ignite ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : ignition ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : ignitable ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = kindle

Answer 332

(v) to (cause to) start burning or explode (v) arouse or inflame (an emotion or situation). | مشتعل شدن یا کردن، شعله ور کردن - بر انگیختن

Answer 333

(v) to prevent something from being seen or known about; to hide something | پنهان کردن

Answer 334

**kindle** We set up our tents and kindled a fire. ........................... "a love of art was kindled in me" Her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her. Great literature kindled their imaginations (= made them work). "she hesitated, suspicion kindling within her"

Answer 335

(v) set (something) on fire. (v) arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling). | شعله ور کردن - باعث شدن اینکه احساسات کسی برانگیخته بشه و به وجود بیاد

Answer 336

**conceal** The listening device was concealed in a pen. I tried to conceal my surprise when she told me her age. It was said that the police concealed vital evidence. Is there something you're concealing from me? فعل ( verb ) : conceal اسم ( noun ) : concealment / concealer کرم مخفی کننده موقت لکه صورت صفت ( adjective ) : concealed قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 337

**obsolete** Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented. Typewriters have been rendered obsolete by computers. "the disposal of old and obsolete machinery" **(n) obsolescence**

Answer 338

(adj) no longer used or needed, usually because something newer and better has replaced it | منسوخ شده

Answer 339

**indifferent** Why don't you vote - how can you be so indifferent (to what is going on)? He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers. an indifferent student She was utterly indifferent to his irritation. ............................................ We didn't like the restaurant much - the food was indifferent and the service rather slow. **(n) indifference**

Answer 340

(adj) not thinking about or interested in someone or something (adj) not good, but not very bad ## Footnote 1. بی تفاوت، خنثی، بی میل 2 متوسط، نه چندان خوب، نه چندان تعریفی

Answer 341

**narrate** Documentaries are often narrated by well-known actors. One by one the witnesses narrated the sequence of events which led up to the disaster. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : narrate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : narration = narrative = داستان , روایت / narrator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : narrative ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 342

(v) to tell a story, often by reading aloud from a text, or to describe events as they happen | داستانی را تعریف کردن ، روایت کردن

Answer 343

**omit** She was omitted from the list of contributors to the report. The Prince's tour conveniently omitted the most deprived areas of the city. She omitted to mention that she would be away next week. I’d be upset if my name were omitted from the list of contributors. "he was omitted from the second Test" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : omit ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : omission ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : omitted ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = leave out, neglect

Answer 344

(v) to fail to include or do something (leave out or exclude (someone or something), either intentionally or forgetfully.) | حذف کردن، از قلم انداختن

Answer 345

**outlandish** an outlandish hairstyle/outfit She liked to dress in outlandish clothes. "outlandish, brightly coloured clothes" **(adv) outlandish**

Answer 346

(adj) looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar. | عجیب و غریب

Answer 347

**streamline** Designers streamlined the boat, hoping to improve its performance. Streamlining cars increases their fuel efficiency. .................................................. The company streamlined its operations and increased its profits. The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company. Leading organizations use software to streamline their workflow. Streamlining management could save at least 15 percent in costs **(adj) streamlined** | =simplify

Answer 348

(v) to shape something so that it moves as easily as possible through air or water (v) to change something (esp. an organization or system) so that it works better, esp. by making it simpler | آیرودینامیک کردن - ساده و موثر کردن

Answer 349

**outburst** an outburst of creative activity Her comments provoked an outburst of anger from the boss. the joke caused an outburst of laughter from the audience. | =eruption

Answer 350

(n) a sudden release of strong emotion. | فوران(احساسات)

Answer 351

**partisan** The audience was very partisan, and refused to listen to her speech. partisan politics Admittedly, it is bold to imagine that physicians or patients will become deep ecologists or environmental partisans any time soon. **(n) partisanship** The political parties are more divided by partisanship than ever before. | = biased ## Footnote ant= non-partisan

Answer 352

(adj) a strong supporter of a party, cause, point of view, or person. | طرفدار سرسخت، متعصب ، حزبی

Answer 353

**philanthropic** He is known for his philanthropic work for children in Africa. philanthropic organizations/projects/ventures "they receive financial support from philanthropic bodies" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : philanthropy / philanthropist ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : philanthropic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : philanthropically | = humanitarian

Answer 354

(adj) (of a person or organization) seeking to promote the welfare of others. helping poor people, especially by giving them money | بشردوستانه

Answer 355

**placid** a slow-moving and placid river the placid pace of village life She was a very placid (= calm and not easily excited) child who slept all night and hardly ever cried. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : placidity =placidness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : placid ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : placidly

Answer 356

(adj) calm or not easily upset or excited | آرام و خونسرد

Answer 357

**scenic** "the scenic route from Florence to Siena" an area of outstanding scenic beauty a scenic drive/railway ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : scene / scenery ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : scenic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : scenically | = **picturesque**

Answer 358

(adj) having or showing beautiful natural surroundings | خوش منظره

Answer 359

**picturesque** the picturesque narrow streets of the old city We strolled through the picturesque streets of the old city.

Answer 360

(adj) (esp. of a place or building) attractive in appearance, especially in an old-fashioned way | = دیدنی, تماشایی

Answer 361

**shallow** shallow water Transfer the tofu and broccoli to a shallow bowl. The stream was fairly shallow so we were able to walk across it. She told her children to stay in the shallow end (of the swimming pool). ............................................................ Reviewers called the book lightweight, shallow, and simplistic. "a shallow analysis of contemporary society" I thought the film was pretty shallow. He's physically attractive, but shallow. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : shallowness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : shallow ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : shalowly | = superficial

Answer 362

(adj) having only a short distance from the top to the bottom (adj) not showing serious or careful thought or real understanding: | کم عمق - سطحی

Answer 363

**sheltered** We found a sheltered spot (= place) to have our picnic. "the plants need a shady, sheltered spot in the garden" .............................................. I wonder how well she will do on her own after leading such a sheltered life. "I was a mathematics don at Cambridge living a rather sheltered life" **(v,n) shelter**

Answer 364

(adj) protected from bad elements like weather, or isolated and protected from difficulties or unpleasant realities | محافظت شده، مصون، ایمن

Answer 365

**archaic** an archaic system of government an archaic law/rule/language "prisons are run on archaic methods" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : archaism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : archaic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : archaically

Answer 366

(adj) very old and from an ancient period in history, or old-fashioned. | کهنه. منسوخ - باستانی. قدیمی

Answer 367

**enlighten** The show is meant to both enlighten and entertain. We hope the pamphlet will enlighten voters about the issues. Should the function of children's television be to entertain or to enlighten? I don't understand this. Could you enlighten me? ✅ فعل ( verb ) : light / enlighten / lighten ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : light / enlightenment / lighter / lighting / lightness / lightning ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : light / lighted / lightning / enlightening / enlightened ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = instruct

Answer 368

(v) to cause someone to understand something by explaining it or by bringing new information or facts to that person’s attention | = روشن کردن، آگاه کردن، شیر فهم کردن

Answer 369

**instruct** The police have been instructed to patrol the building and surrounding area. "she instructed him to wait" The police have been instructed not to let anyone leave the area. ..................................................... **instruct someone in something** He works in a sports centre instructing people in the use of the gym equipment. "he instructed them in the use of firearms" I need someone to instruct me on how to use the computer. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : instruct ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : instruction / instructor ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : instructional آموزشی / instruction / instructive آموزنده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : instructively | = enlighten

Answer 370

(v) to order or tell someone to do something, especially in a formal way (v) to teach someone how to do something | دستور دادن - آموزش دادن

Answer 371

**hasten** They didn’t get what they were after – thanks to you, I hasten to add. To hasten softening, place the cream cheese in the oven for a few minutes. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : hasten ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : haste عجله یا شتاب/ hastiness = شتابزدگی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : hasty عجولانه و شتاب زده ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : hastily | = accelerate

Answer 372

(v) to hurry, or to make something go or happen faster | عجله کردن - تسریع کردن

Answer 373

**hue** In the Caribbean waters there are fish of every hue. "the water is the deepest hue of aquamarine" | = color

Answer 374

(n) a colour or shade. | رنگ

Answer 375

**inactive** It's bad for your health to be physically inactive. The property market remains largely inactive. Knee surgery will keep him physically inactive for two months. About half of the club members are inactive. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : inactivate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : inactivity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : inactive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = idle

Answer 376

(adj) doing nothing (not engaging in or involving any or much physical activity, or not moving.) | غیر فعال

Answer 377

**idle** **stand idle** Half these factories now stand idle. **sit idle** It's crazy to have £7,000 sitting idle in the bank. .......................................................... idle chatter/gossip/speculation an idle glance This is no idle threat. "he did not want to waste valuable time in idle chatter" .......................................................... "idle students" He's a very able student, he's just bone idle (= very lazy). .................................................. "four men were idling outside the shop" He left the engine idling and ran into the shop. Let the engine idle for a minute before you put the car in gear.

Answer 378

(adj) not working, not active, or doing nothing or being used (adj) without any particular purpose, or effect; pointless. (adj) (of a person) avoiding work; lazy. (v) spend time doing nothing.(esp, of an engine or machine, it is operating but not doing any work) ## Footnote بیکار و بلا استفاده - بیهوده - تنبل - درجا کار کردن ( موتور اتومبیل ) ، روشن گذاشتن ( موتور ) یا به بطالت گذراندن

Answer 379

**magnitude** They don't seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem. "they may feel discouraged at the magnitude of the task before them" The magnitude of the task would have discouraged an ordinary man. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : magnify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : magnification بزرگ نمایی / magnifier / magnificence شکوه و عظمت/ magnitude عظمت (اندازه یا اهمیت زیاد) ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : magnificent با شکوه ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : magnificently ............................ **magnify** بزرگ نمایی کردن، بزرگ جلوه دادن 1. make (something) appear larger than it is, especially with a lens or microscope. * Although your skin looks smooth, when magnified you can see a lot of little bumps and holes 2. make sth seem more important or more serious than it really is (esp problems) = exaggerate * The hot summer magnified the racial tensions in the community. * He always magnifies the problems and inconveniences of travel.

Answer 380

(n) large size or great importance | عظمت (اندازه یا اهمیت زیاد)

Answer 381

**disregard** "the body of evidence is too substantial to disregard" The jury was told to disregard the comments made by the witness.' He told us to disregard everything we'd learned so far and start again. ..................................... What amazes me is her complete disregard for anyone else's opinion. The writer has shown a reckless disregard for the truth. "blatant disregard for the law"

Answer 382

(v) to not allow something to influence you; ignore (n) the action or state of paying no attention or lack of consideration or respect ## Footnote 1. نادیده گرفتن - اعتنا نکردن - بی محلی و بی توجهی کردن نسبت به چیزی ( v ) 2. بی توجهی - بی محلی - بی اعتنایی ( n )

Answer 383

**analogous** The experience of a mystic trance is in a sense analogous to sleep or drunkenness. The emergency vehicle for the International Space Station is analogous to a lifeboat. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : analogize ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : analogy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : analogous ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 384

(adj) having similar features to another thing and therefore able to be compared with it | شبیه ( به. . ) ، قابل قیاس ( با . . )

Answer 385

**compel** As a schoolboy he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter. The new circumstances compelled a change in policy. "a sense of duty compelled Harry to answer her questions" "they may compel a witness's attendance at court by issue of a summons" فعل ( verb ) : compel اسم ( noun ) : compulsion صفت ( adjective ) : compulsive / compulsory / compelling قید ( adverb ) : compulsively / compulsorily / compellingly ................................................................... **(adj) compulsive (adv) compulsively** *having a very strong desire to do something repeatedly and unable to stop doing it* a compulsive liar/thief/eater/shopper compulsive gambling/eating a compulsive eating disorder He is compulsively neat. وسواس گونه ........................................................................... **(adj) compulsory اجباری (adv) compulsorily** (*of something) that must be done; necessary by law or a rule= obligatory=mandatory* compulsory military service Swimming was compulsory at my school. The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory. .......................................................................... **(adj) compelling قانع کننده (adv) compellingly** *persuasive and makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong=convincing=persuasive* compelling evidence It's a fairly compelling argument for going. | =force, oblige

Answer 386

(v) force or oblige (someone) to do something. | =force, oblige

Answer 387

**compile** "the local authority must compile a list of the names and addresses of taxpayers" We're compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the subject. We’re compiling some facts and figures for an article on the Russian economy. **(n) compilation** | = collect or gather or assemble

Answer 388

(v) to collect information from a variety of places and arrange it in a book, report, or list | = collect or gather or assemble ## Footnote گردآوری کردن (جمع آوری اطلاعات از مکان های مختلف و مرتب کردن آن در یک کتاب، گزارش یا فهرست)

Answer 389

**formidable** a formidable obstacle/task a formidable adversary/enemy/opponent a formidable intellect **(adv) formidably**

Answer 390

(adj) causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult | مهیب و سرسخت

Answer 391

**intrusive** She found some of the interviewer's questions intrusive. He’s fought for less intrusive government. Investigative journalists are using ever more intrusive methods to reveal stories that are not in the public interest. Obsessions are repetitive and intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images that cause marked anxiety. intrusive lighting ✅ فعل ( verb ) : intrude ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : intrusion / intruder ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : intrusive ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ ................................................. **(v) intrude (n) intrusion / introder** *to go into a place or be involved in a situation where you are not wanted or do not belong* مزاحم شدن یا بودن ، ناخوانده وارد شدن ، دخالت/مداخله کردن * I didn't realize your husband was here, Dr Jones - I hope I'm not intruding. * Newspaper editors are being urged not to intrude on/into the grief of the families of missing servicemen. * Sorry to intrude, but I wanted to insure that this got to your attention. * Students who live in a dorm regard any curfew as intruding on their rights. * he had no right to intrude into their lives"

Answer 392

(adj) being inside or being involved in a situation where you are not wanted or do not belong | مزاحم، سرزده و ناخوانده،آزاردهنده

Answer 393

**prone** **be prone to something/do something** farmed fish are prone to disease As a child, he was prone to ear infections. Carol’s kind of accident-prone (= seems to have a lot of accidents). | = inclined to

Answer 394

(adj) likely to do, get, or suffer from something (likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a negative one, or to be affected by something bad, such as damage or an illness ) | مستعد

Answer 395

**prophetic** Much of Orwell's writing now seems grimly prophetic. His predictions about how computer technology would revolutionize the workplace were prophetic (= true). "his warnings proved prophetic" فعل ( verb ) : prophesy = say that (a specified thing) will happen in the future. پیشگویی کردن اسم ( noun ) : prophecy / prophet صفت ( adjective ) : prophetic قید ( adverb ) : prophetically

Answer 396

(adj) accurately saying what will happen in the future | پیشگویانه - درست از آب دراومدن

Answer 397

**renown** a woman of great renown Her renown spread across the country. an artist of national renown **(adj) renowned مشهور** The region is renowned for its natural beauty. | = fame, prominence

Answer 398

(n) the state of being famous; fame | شهرت

Answer 399

**triumph** "a garden built to celebrate Napoleon's many triumphs" The book celebrates the hostages' remarkable triumph over appalling adversity. The signing of the agreement was a personal triumph for the prime minister. It was the Republican Party's third election triumph in a row. The eradication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine's greatest triumphs. The constitutional changes have been hailed as a triumph for democracy. The game ended in triumph for the home team. ........................................................................... **triumph over** I believe that sooner or later good must triumph over evil. The Democrats once again triumphed in recent elections. We visited Yorktown Battlefield on the York River, where in 1781 George Washington’s forces triumphed over the English army. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : triumph ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : triumph ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : triumphal پیروزمندانه/ triumphant پیروز ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : triumphantly

Answer 400

(n) a great victory or success or achievement.(a complete victory or success achieved esp. after great difficulties, making the result particularly satisfying) (v) to have a very great success or victory | موفقیت - پیروزی

Answer 401

**contaminated** "contaminated blood products" People need to stop drinking the contaminated water. The virus can be transmitted by food containing contaminated meat. **contaminated with** The infection was probably caused by swimming in water contaminated with sewage. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : contaminate آلوده کردن = pollute ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : contamination آلودگی = pollution / contaminant آلوده کننده = pollutant ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : contaminated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = polluted

Answer 402

(adj) having been made impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance. = polluted | آلوده، سمی

Answer 403

**discernible** The influence of Rodin is discernible in the younger artist. There is no discernible reason why this should be the case. "the scandal had no discernible effect on his career" If there was meat in the soup, it was not discernible. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : discern= to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear تشخیص دادن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : discernment = the ability to judge people and things well توانایی قضاوت خوب درباره اشخاص و موارد ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : discerning= having or showing good judgement especially about quality= فردی با توانایی قضاوت خوب درباره اشخاص و موارد / discernible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _ | = visible,detectable,noticeable,perceptible,observable,perceivable

Answer 404

(adj) able to be seen, recognized, or understood | قابل تشخیص - قابل مشاهده

Answer 405

**mediocre** The film's plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre. Parents don't want their children going to mediocre schools. The movie’s plot is predictable, the dialogue is second-rate, and the acting is mediocre. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mediocrity= the quality of being not very good متوسطبودن ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : mediocre ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : _

Answer 406

(adj) of only average quality; not very good. | معمولی، متوسط

Answer 407

**negligible** The difference between the two products is negligible. My knowledge of German is negligible. The effect on sales was negligible. "he said that the risks were negligible" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : neglect ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : neglect / negligence = the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something سهل انگاری - غفلت ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : neglected نادیده گرفته شده است / neglectful= کوتاهی کننده، فروگذار، غافل ،سهل انگار / negligent / negligible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : negligently .................................................. **neglect** **(v) to fail to give needed care or attention to someone or something** غافل شدن-بی توجهی کردن-فراموش کردن انجام کاری-اهمال کردن * She had neglected the program and allowed student interest in it to fall off. * He neglected to tell his employer that he would be taking the day off. * I'd neglected to give him the name of the hotel where I'd be staying. * She's been neglecting her studies this semester. * He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention. **(n) a situation in which you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention** غفلت-بی توجهی Both parents were found guilty of neglect and their child was taken away from them. Over the years the church has fallen into a state of neglect. The park was in a sorry state of neglect. ....................................................... **(adj) negligent (adv) negligently (n) negligence** failing to be careful enough or to give enough attention to your responsibilities, esp. when this results in harm or loss to others سهل انگار The judge said that the teacher had been negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerous water. She charged her landlord with negligence for not repairing leaks that ruined her rugs. "the council had been negligent in its supervision of the children in care"

Answer 408

(adj) too slight or small in amount to be important; insignificant | ناچیز، جزئی، قابل چشم پوشی

Answer 409

**potent** Surprise remains the terrorists' most potent weapon. The Berlin Wall was a potent symbol of the Cold War. This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects This is the most potent headache remedy you can get without a prescription. Her voice has been a potent force on concert stages for more than 30 years. **(n) potency** قدرت و اثرگذاری Scientists are testing the potency of the new drug. | = powerful

Answer 410

(adj) powerful, forceful, or effective | قدرتمند ، تاثیرگذار و کارامد

Answer 411

**stem from something** Her problems stem from her difficult childhood. Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding. These practices stem from traditional Chinese medicine. | =originate

Answer 412

(v) to come from or develop something | ناشی از چیزی بودن،از چیزی سرچشمه ونشأت گرفتن

Answer 413

**tedious** a tedious job/journey/work/tasks The problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious. Learning a new computer program can be a tedious process. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tedium = tediousness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tedious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tediously | = monotonous, boring, mundane

Answer 414

(adj) long and tiring | خسته کننده به خاطر طولانی بودن

Answer 415

**monotonous** a monotonous job a monotonous voice The music became monotonous after a while. "the statistics that he quotes with monotonous regularity" She stood all day ironing a monotonous succession of clothes and sheets. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : monotone=a sound or voice that stays on the same note صدای یکنواخت / monotony= boring = sameness=یکسانی و یکنواختی خسته کننده ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : monotonous / monotonic یکنواخت(صدا) ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : monotonously / monotonically

Answer 416

(adj) boring because of not changing | خسته کننده به خاطر یکنواختی و تکراری بودن

Answer 417

**mundane** Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her. The show was just another mundane family sitcom. The day began with the mundane business of getting my white chiffon dress shortened ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : mundanity ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : mundane ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : mundanely

Answer 418

(adj) very ordinary and therefore not interesting | خسته کننده به خاطر معمولی بودن مثل کارهای روزمره یا پیش پا افتاده

Answer 419

**impulsively**= on impulse "avoid reacting impulsively to events around you" At the age of 17 he impulsively decided to leave school. As a child, she was fearless and often acted impulsively. فعل ( verb ) : impel = drive, force, or urge (someone) to do something. وادار کردن = force = push = urge = to persuade اسم ( noun ) : impulsion انگیزه و میل شدید یا دلیلی برای انجام کاری / impulsiveness= behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have جوگیری و نسنجیدگی و شتاب زدگی / impulse میل و هوس و جوگیری صفت ( adjective ) : impulsive قید ( adverb ) : impulsively | = capriciously

Answer 420

(adv) without forethought (suddenly, without any planning and without considering the effects your actions may have) | بدون فکر قبلی - از روی وسوسه و میل و هوس

Answer 421

**capriciously** The rules were enforced capriciously. She was capriciously fired after only two days on the job. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : caprice تمایل و هوس فکری / capriciousness دمدمی مزاجی = moodiness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : capricious ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : capriciously | =impulsively

Answer 422

(adv) in a way that changes suddenly and unexpectedly | به طور ناگهانی و غیر منتظره (برای تغییرات استفاده میشه)

Answer 423

**secluded** a secluded beach/ area a secluded house in the forest "the gardens are quiet and secluded" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : seclude = to keep someone or something away from other people or things دور از انظار و از نظر پنهان کردن، منزوی کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : seclusion = the state of being alone, away from other people انزوا - گوشه نشینی = isolation = solitude ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : secluded / seclusive = preferring to be alone, away from other people گوشه گیر، منزوی ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : secludedly ..................................................... "I secluded myself up here for a life of study and meditation" typically, the bride would seclude herself in another room. He's been living in seclusion since he retired from acting. After being with a tour group all week I was glad to return to the seclusion of my own home.

Answer 424

(adj) (of a place) quiet, private, and not near people, roads, or buildings, and often hard to reach | دنج، خلوت، دور از انظار

Answer 425

**overtly** It was an overtly sexual advertising campaign. He never overtly expressed his feelings about the issue. "the selection policy was not overtly stated" **(adj) overt** آشکار،علنی

Answer 426

(adv) in a way that is done or shown publicly or in an obvious way and not secret | آشکارا ، علنا

Answer 427

**situated** The school is situated near the park. With this new product, we are well situated to beat (= we have a good chance of beating) our competitors. How are you situated for time? (= How much time do you have?) ............................................................ **(v) situate** قرار دادن در جایی یا موقعیتی **to put something in a particular position (fix or build (something) in a certain place or position.)** They plan to situate the bus stop at the corner of the road. To understand this issue, it must first be situated in its context. The restaurant is situated near the Hudson River. "the pilot light is usually situated at the front of the boiler" "Amy is now comfortably situated"

Answer 428

(adj) in a particular position= Located | واقع شده در

Answer 429

**upstanding** She is regarded as an upstanding citizen in the local community. She is an upstanding member of the community. "an upstanding member of the community" **(n) upstandingness**

Answer 430

(adj) behaving in a good and moral way; honest; respectable. | شریف و درستکار، شرافتمند

Answer 431

**exemplify** This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time. American fashion is exemplified by jeans and T-shirts. "the best dry sherry is exemplified by the fino of Jerez" 1 - The recent downturn in the housing industry exemplifies the poor economic conditions. 2 - This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time. 3 - American fashion is exemplified by jeans and T - shirts. 4 - my teacher exemplified the mathematical problem involved. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : exemplify ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : example / exemplar / exemplification ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : exemplary مثال زدنی ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : exemplarily

Answer 432

(v) to be or give a typical example of something ## Footnote مثال زدن ، نمونه ( چیزی ) بودن نمونه ( چیزی ) بودن یا ( چیزی را ) نشان دادن

Answer 433

**factor in** People are earning more, but when inflation is factored in, they are no better off. The age of the patients and their overall health must be factored into the results. It’s going to feel like 110° there when you factor in the humidity. | = consider, take into account, take into consideration

Answer 434

(phersal verb) to include something when you are doing a calculation or planning, or when you are trying to understand something = to consider information, esp. as something that might influence a result | به حساب آوردن، درنظر گرفتن (به عنوان یکی از عوامل)

Answer 435

**take something into account** I hope my teacher will take into account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper. A good architect takes into account the building's surroundings. The UK's tax system takes no account of children. I think you have to take into account that he's a good deal younger than the rest of us. | = consider, factor in, take into consideration

Answer 436

(idiom) consider (something) along with other factors before reaching a decision or judging a situation | در نظر گرفتن چیزی

Answer 437

**gratifying** It must be very gratifying to see all your children grown up and happy. "the results were gratifying" فعل ( verb ) : gratify= give (someone) pleasure or satisfaction. خشنود و راضی کردن اسم ( noun ) : gratification صفت ( adjective ) : gratifying / gratified قید ( adverb ) : gratifyingly | ,= pleasing , satisfying

Answer 438

(adj) giving pleasure or satisfaction | خشنود کننده و رضایت بخش

Answer 439

**legitimate** The army must give power back to the legitimate government. "his claims to legitimate authority" .................................................................... He claimed that the restaurant bill was a legitimate business expense. The government fears that talking to terrorists might legitimate their violent actions. "a legitimate excuse for being late" فعل ( verb ) : legitimize = to make something legal or acceptable: مشروعیت بخشیدن - اسم ( noun ) : legitimacy صفت ( adjective ) : legit = legitimate قید ( adverb ) : legitimately

Answer 440

(adj) allowed by law; lawful,legal (adj) reasonable and acceptable | مشروع-موجه

Answer 441

**authentic** an authentic 1920s dress authentic Italian food He was there and saw what happened, so his is the only authentic account. How can we be sure the signature is authentic? Sylvia’s serves authentic soul food. فعل ( verb ) : authenticate=to prove that something is real, true, or what people say it is= احراز هویت کردن، اصالت و واقعی بودن چیزی را ثابت کردن، تأیید و تصدیق کردن، رسمیت دادن، تأیید اصالت کردن اسم ( noun ) : authentication / authenticity صفت ( adjective ) : authentic قید ( adverb ) : authentically

Answer 442

(adj) being what it is claimed to be; genuine (of undisputed origin and not a copy) | معتبر، اَصل و غیر جعلی

Answer 443

**lethargy** Symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, and vomiting. "there was an air of lethargy about him" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : lethargy ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : lethargic بی حال ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : lethargically | =sluggishness

Answer 444

(n) the feeling of having little energy or of being unable or unwilling to do anything (a lack of energy and enthusiasm.) | بی حالی

Answer 445

**sluggishness** I’ve been experiencing a few minor health issues recently, such as fatigue and general sluggishness. The market, despite its general economic sluggishness, is also expanding. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : sluggishness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : sluggish= moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power: ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : sluggishly | = lethargy

Answer 446

(n) the quality or fact of being sluggish (= moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy) | سستی ، نشان دادن کمبود غیرعادی انرژی

Answer 447

**radiant** a radiant heater the radiant heat of the sun Plants absorb radiant energy from sunlight. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : radiance / radiation / radiator ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : radiant ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : radiantly

Answer 448

(adj) sending out or possessing heat or light | ۱. تابان. تابناک. فروزان ۲. شاد. بشاش. با طراوت ۳. ( فیزیک ) تابشی

Answer 449

**ridge** a mountain ridge Plowed ridges looked like stripes across the field. We walked along the narrow mountain ridge. A ridge (= a narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon.

Answer 450

(n) a long, narrow, raised part of a surface, esp. a high edge of a hill or mountain

Answer 451

**crest** We climbed to the crest of the hill. the crest of a hill/wave

Answer 452

(n) the top or highest part of something such as a wave or a hill

Answer 453

**span** Tennis has a history spanning several centuries. Her acting career spanned almost six decades. He has a short **attention/concentration span**. an average **lifespan** of 70 years **Over a span of** just three years, the new government has transformed the country's economic prospects. huge wings with a span of over a metre In 1855, an 850-foot span was built to carry trains across the gorge. | = extend over, cover

Answer 454

(n,v) the length of time or distance from one limit to other | فاصله زمانی یا مکانی -شامل شدنِ یا پوشش دادنِ تمامِ یک دوره زمانی

Answer 455

**striking** She bears a striking resemblance to her mother. There's a striking contrast between what he does and what he says he does. The library is a striking example of modern architecture. There are striking similarities between the two cases. Their production of Macbeth was the most visually striking performance I've ever seen. **(adv) strikingly** a strikingly beautiful landscape They came to strikingly different conclusions about what should be done. | =remarkable

Answer 456

(adj) obvious, interesting, and (esp. of a person) often attractive | چشمگیر، شایان توجه

Answer 457

**aptly** We spent a week at the aptly named Grand View Hotel. "Perseverance" aptly describes his hard work to complete the project. "America's aptly named Sunshine State" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : aptness= the quality of being suitable or right for a particular situation درست و مناسب بودن/ aptitude = natural ability or skill استعداد ذاتی ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : apt = suitable or right for a particular situation = suitableوfittingوappropriate ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : aptly ................................................ **be apt to do something/be apt to be something** **to be likely to do something or to often do something** =be likely/ inclined/ tend to مستعد بودن، احتمال داشتن، تمایل داشتن ، محتمل بودن، در معرض ، گرایش داشتن به The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains. She's in her eighties now and apt to be a little forgetful. You're apt to use things more if they're within easy reach. When animals are stressed, they are apt to get sick. He is apt to be irritable when people ask him why he isn't more cheerful. | =appropriately

Answer 458

(adv) in a way that is suitable or right for a particular situation | =appropriately

Answer 459

**profuse** She was admitted to St Mary's Hospital with profuse bleeding. The company accepted blame and sent us profuse apologies. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : profusion= an extremely large amount of something ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : profuse ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : profusely ................................... **profusion of sth= انبوهی از چیزی** **in profusion=به وفور** I was remarking on the recent profusion of books and articles on the matter. She'd never seen flowers so beautiful and in such profusion. | = very plentiful; abundant.

Answer 460

(adj) produced or given in large amounts | فراوان

Answer 461

**succinct** Keep your letter succinct and to the point. "use short, succinct sentences" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : succinctness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : succinct ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : succinctly | = concise

Answer 462

(adj) (of writing or speech) clear and short; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words | مختصر و مفید

Answer 463

**concise** Make your answers clear and concise "a concise account of the country's history" She wrote up a concise summary of the day’s events. فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : concision =conciseness صفت ( adjective ) : concise قید ( adverb ) : concisely | = succinct,short,brief,to the point,short and sweet

Answer 464

(adj) expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words; short and clear | مختصرمفید

Answer 465

**synthesis** His latest album is a synthesis of African and Latin rhythms. "the synthesis of intellect and emotion in his work" the synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen ✅ فعل ( verb ) : synthesize = to produce a substance by a chemical reaction in plants or animals ترکیب کردن(تولید یک ماده از طریق واکنش شیمیایی در گیاهان یا حیوانات) ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : synthesis / synthetic / synthesizer ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : synthetic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : synthetically ...................................................... **synthetic / synthetically** **not made in or by nature** مصنوعی synthetic fibres The patch prevents pregnancy using the same synthetic hormones that are used in birth control pills. The prices of synthetic and natural rubber have gone up dramatically in the last few years. **artificial is anything that is made by man rather than Mother Nature. Synthetic is also something man-made, but it refers more specifically to chemical (or intellectual) synthesis**

Answer 466

(n) the combination of components or elements to form a connected whole. | سنتز یا هم نهش: آمیختن و ترکیب کردن چند چیز مجزا برای تشکیل یک واحد کلی

Answer 467

**tangible** "the atmosphere of neglect and abandonment was almost tangible" Drivers will see tangible improvements on major roadways. We need tangible evidence if we're going to take legal action. Other tangible benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working hours. ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : tangibility / tangibleness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : tangible ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : tangibly ## Footnote ant = intangible

Answer 468

(adj) real and not imaginary; able to be shown, touched, or experienced | ملموس، قابل لمس

Answer 469

**diversion** A snowstorm closed the airport, and the diversion of air traffic was therefore necessary. diversions of money into other projects ........................ This lawyer-bachelor devoted his life to the Senate, his only real diversion being baseball. Reading is a pleasant diversion. فعل ( verb ) : divert اسم ( noun ) : diversion صفت ( adjective ) : diverting / diversionary قید ( adverb ) : _ ...................................................... **divert** **1- to cause something or someone to turn in a different direction or to cause the thing or person to be used for a different purpose** هدایت کردن چیزی از جای به جای دیگر = CHANGE DIRECTION * Our flight was diverted from San Francisco to Oakland because of the fog. * The administration had to divert funds from the defense budget to pay for the emergency relief effort **2- to take attention away from something, or to amuse sb** حواس کسی را پرت کردن یا سرگرم کردن کسی The war has **diverted attention from** the country's economic problems. It's a great game for diverting restless kids on long car rides . Military action now could divert attention from imminent votes in Congress on health-care legislation. The dog kept the children diverted for a while. | = entertainment,amusement,recreation,pastime,hobby

Answer 470

(n) the act of causing something or someone to turn in a different direction, or to be used for a different purpose (v) an action that takes attention away from something, esp. one that gives pleasure or enjoyment | سرگرمی لذت بخش یا دلخوشی ، تغییر جهت یا انحراف

Answer 471

**conceivable** Books on every conceivable subject lined one wall. It's just conceivable (= possible although difficult to imagine) (that) the hospital made a mistake. Books on every conceivable subject lined one wall. It’s conceivable (that) none of the proposals will be accepted. فعل ( verb ) : conceive اسم ( noun ) : conception صفت ( adjective ) : conceivable قید ( adverb ) : conceivably ....................................................... **conceive** **1- to bring a thought or idea into being; imagine:** تصور کردن * When they talk about billions of dollars, I can’t even conceive of that much money. * It’s hard to conceive what the world will be like a hundred years from now. * I find it hard to conceive (= it is too shocking to imagine) that people are still treated so badly **2-to invent a plan or an idea** طراحی کردن * He conceived the plot for this film while he was still a student. * The exhibition was conceived by the museum's director. **3- to become pregnant, or to cause a baby to begin to form** حامله شدن * Do you know exactly when you conceived? * The baby was conceived in March, so will be born in December. | = imaginable,possible,plausible

Answer 472

(adj) possible to imagine or think of | قابل تصور-امکان پذیر

Answer 473

**curative** "the curative properties of herbs" Do you believe in the curative powers of the local mineral water? **(v) cure** | = healing,therapeutic,medicinal,remedial

Answer 474

(adj) able to cure or cause to get better | درمانی

Answer 475

**debilitate** Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him. "he was severely debilitated by a stomach upset" hard drugs destroy families and debilitate communities فعل ( verb ) : debilitate اسم ( noun ) : debility = physical weakness, especially as a result of illness. ضعف و ناتوانی صفت ( adjective ) : debilitating قید ( adverb ) : _ | = weaken

Answer 476

(v) weaken | تضعیف کردن

Answer 477

**take on** She took too much on and made herself ill. She has taken on far too much work. You can't take on responsibility for the whole event. ............................... We're taking on new staff at the moment. He was taken on as a security guard. | = undertake, assume / employ, recruit, hire

Answer 478

(phrasal verb) to accept a particular job or responsibility = undertake (phrasal verb) to employ someone | به عهده گرفتن، تقبل کردن - استخدام کردن، به کار گرفتن

Answer 479

**tranquility** living in peace and tranquility I love the tranquility of the lakes. "passing cars are the only noise that disturbs the tranquillity of rural life" فعل ( verb ) : tranquilize = to make an animal or person become unconscious or calm, especially with a drug با آرام بخش آرام یا بیهوش کردن اسم ( noun ) : tranquility / tranquilizer صفت ( adjective ) : tranquil قید ( adverb ) : tranquilly | = peace,peacefulness,restfulness,calm

Answer 480

(n) a peaceful, calm state, without noise, violence, worry, etc. | = peace,peacefulness,restfulness,calm

Answer 481

**assortment** an assortment of vegetables An unlikely assortment of rock stars and politicians attended the charity concert. That’s Dancing!" contains an assortment of musical numbers from famous Hollywood films. **(adj) assorted** = consisting of various types mixed together انواع مختلف a box of assorted chocolates a case of assorted wines | = collection, mixture,variety,array

Answer 482

(n) a group of different types of something | گروهی از انواع مختلف چیزی

Answer 483

**condensed** condensed soup condensed milk ............................................ The speech was largely a condensed version of his book. The first part of her book serves as a condensed introduction to the main ideas. ............................................ The condensed vapor will not include salt or most other impurities The division will deal in oil and condensed gas products. **(v) condense**

Answer 484

(adj) (of a liquid) made thicker by removing some of the water ANT deluted (adj) (of a piece of writing) made shorter in length (adj) made from a gas into a liquid or solid state | غلیظ شده - خلاصه شده - چگالیده و فشرده شده

Answer 485

**precious** precious memories Children are our most precious resource. "precious works of art

Answer 486

(adj) of very great value or worth | با ارزش، گرانبها

Answer 487

**cherished** Her most cherished possession is a 1926 letter from F. Scott Fitzgerald. .................................................... **(v) cherish** گرامی داشتن، عزیز دانستن **1- to love, protect, and care for someone or something that is important to you:** * Although I cherish my children, I do allow them their independence. * Her most cherished possession is a 1926 letter from F. Scott Fitzgerald. * Freedom of speech is a cherished (= carefully protected) right in this country. **2- to keep hopes, memories, or ideas in your mind because they are important to you and bring you pleasure** I cherish the memories of the time we spent together. We cherish the many memories we have of our dear mother.

Answer 488

(adj) bringing the pleasure of love or caring about someone or something that is important to you

Answer 489

**requisite** I worked to develop the requisite skills for a managerial position. He lacked the requisite skills for the job. The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention. ................................................. A good book is a requisite for long journeys. Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence. ✅️ فعل (verb) : require / requisition ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : requirement / requisite / requisition ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : requisite ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - ................................................................................ **(v)requisition** درخواست رسمی کردن to officially request or take (something) * The army requisitioned all the trucks in the region. **(n)requisition** درخواست رسمی برای در اختیار گیری چیزی a formal or official request for something needed: The staff made a requisition for new desks. | = necessary,required,demanded / necessity ## Footnote prerequisite=پیش نیاز

Answer 490

(adj) needed for a particular purpose or result (n) a thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end. | = necessary,required,demanded / necessity ## Footnote N= لازمه Adj= لازم ، مورد نیاز ، ضروری

Answer 491

**unravel** You'd better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel. I had to unravel one of the sleeves because I realized I'd knitted it too small. .......................................... "his painstaking diplomacy of the last eight months could quickly unravel" the unraveling of the soviet union .......................................................... You will discover what the title means as you unravel the movie's mysteries. "they were attempting to unravel the cause of death" We have a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics. **(adj) unraveling** | = seperate

Answer 492

(v) (of woven cloth) to separate into threads, or to separate the fibers of a thread, rope, or cloth (v) (of an intricate process, system, or arrangement) disintegrate or be destroyed. (v) o solve a crime or explain a mystery | = seperate ## Footnote از هم بازکردن، از هم پاشیدن و از بین رفتن، باز کردن ( فهم و توضیح ) یک مساله

Answer 493

**forfeit** "those unable to meet their taxes were liable to forfeit their estates" If you cancel now, you forfeit your deposit. These people have forfeited the right to live in society. ..................................... "the loser must pay a forfeit" The team might have avoided the forfeits if it had handled the situation differently. Throwing objects on the field, the umpire said, would result in the forfeit of the game by the home team.

Answer 494

(v) to give up or lose something (property or a right or privilege) because you cannot do something that the rules or the law says you must do (n) something that you have lost the right to do or have as a fine or penalty for wrongdoing | از دست دادن - جریمه. تاوان. غرامت ، بها. قیمت

Answer 495

**precarious** The lorry was lodged in a very precarious way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff. Many borrowers now find themselves caught in a precarious financial position. I climbed onto a precarious platform to get a better view. "a precarious ladder" فعل ( verb ) : _ اسم ( noun ) : precariousness صفت ( adjective ) : precarious قید ( adverb ) : precariously

Answer 496

(adj) in a dangerous state because of not being safe or not being held in place firmly; likely to fall or suffer harm: | خطرناک و متزلزل و بی ثبات

Answer 497

**sporadic** She makes sporadic trips to Europe. The storm caused sporadic flooding throughout the region. sporadic gunfire a sporadic electricity supply More than 100 people have been killed this year in sporadic outbursts of ethnic violence. **(adv) spordically** | = erratic

Answer 498

(adj) not happening or appearing in a pattern; not continuous or regular | گهگاه ، هرازگاهی ، جسته و گریخته

Answer 499

**truncate** Television coverage of the event was truncated by a technical fault. "he was a sensational player whose career was truncated by injuries" ✅️ فعل (verb) : truncate ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : truncation ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : truncated ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : - | = cut, shorten

Answer 500

(v) to make something shorter or quicker, especially by removing the end of it | سر و ته {چیزی را} زدن تا چیزی را کوتاهتر یا سریعتر

Answer 501

**wanton** wanton destruction of human life a wanton disregard for safety wanton extravagance He displayed a wanton disregard for the facts. sheer wanton vandalism ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wantonness ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : wanton ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : wantonly

Answer 502

(adj) (of something bad, such as damage, cruelty, waste) causing harm or damage deliberately and for no acceptable reason | بی جهت ، ناموجه

Answer 503

**witticism** "Maurice roared with laughter at his own witticisms" ✅ فعل ( verb ) : witter= to talk for a long time about things that are not important وراجی کردن ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : wittiness / witticism / wit = the ability to use words in an amusing and intelligent way, or a person who has this ability ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : witty= using words in a clever and funny way طناز ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : wittily

Answer 504

(n) a joke; a funny story | جوک؛ یک داستان خنده دار

Answer 505

**woo** The party has been trying to woo the voters with promises of electoral reform. The airline has been offering discounted tickets to woo passengers away from their competitors. A candidate must woo voters by making them feel important. | =seek the support of,seek the favour of,try to attract

Answer 506

(v) to try to persuade someone to support you or to use your business: | =seek the support of,seek the favour of,try to attract ## Footnote ٢٦به دنبال حمایت کسی بودن،حمایت و طرفداری کسی رو خواستن - جلب کردن ( توجه )

Answer 507

**archaic** an archaic system of government an archaic law/rule/language ✅ فعل ( verb ) : _ ✅️ اسم ( noun ) : archaism ✅️ صفت ( adjective ) : archaic ✅️ قید ( adverb ) : archaically

Answer 508

(adj) of or belonging to an ancient period in history ## Footnote کهنه. مهجور. منسوخ - باستانی. قدیمی