Lipids Flashcards
What is defined as a group of organic substances that are in soluble in water but are soluble in organic solvent such as alcohol and ether
Lipids
Describe the exogenous is an Endogenous sources for lipids
Exogenous- dietary, animal fats and plant fats
Endogenous- synthesis in liver carbohydrates & protein
What are the three major serum lipids
Cholesterol triglycerides and lipoproteins
What is the principal steroid higher in animals
Cholesterol
What are the functions of cholesterol
Component of cellular membranes precursor of bile acids and precursor of all steroid hormones
What types of taste you can synthesize cholesterol
Animal tissue
What percentage of cholesterol is synthesized in the body
50%
Cholesterol is a contributing factor to what health condition
Coronary heart disease
What is the term for a slow progressive disease in which a buildup of cholesterol plaque narrows the blood vessels restricting bloodflow and giving rise to clot formation
Atherosclerosis
What cholesterol source is more likely to be deposited in the vascular system
EXogenous cholesterol
What variables affect cholesterol normal ranges
Age diet and gender
True or false cholesterol increases with age
True
True or false females usually have higher cholesterol than males
False
What has the most important influence on a persons cholesterol levels
Genetics
What is the normal cholesterol value for children
<200 mg/dL
What is the normal cholesterol value for adults under age 30?
<220mg/dL
What is the normal cholesterol guys are adults age 30 to 60
<250mg/dL
What is the normal cholesterol for adults over 60?
250-300 mg/dL
What effect does hemolysis have on cholesterol results?
Falsely increases results
What affects does lipemia have on cholesterol results
Falsely increases results
What is a major form of fat found in nature?
Triglycerides
What lipids primary function is to provide energy to cells
Triglycerides
What lipid provides padding and support for organs and insulation against cold
Triglycerides
What highly efficient lipid provides 2.5 times more energy available when compared to protein and carbohydrates
Triglycerides
What is the function of Lipo proteins
Carry lipid to body tissues
What are the four major classes of Lipo proteins
Chylomicrons VLDL, LDL, HDL
What lipoprotein major function is transportation of triglycerides
Chylomicrons
What lipoprotein is 85% triglyceride 13% other lipids and 2% protein
Chylomicrons
What lipoprotein is increased after meal ingestion causing the plasma to appear milky or cloudy
Chylomicrons
What lipoprotein is also called prebatelipoprotein
VLDL
What level protein is 90% lipid 10% protein
VLDL
What lipoprotein is called beta lipoprotein
LDL
What lipo protein is 75% lipid and 25% protein
LDL
What lipoprotein transports cholesterol to the tissues
LDL
What lipoprotein has a documentary correlation with coronary atherosclerosis
LDL
What liipoprotein is called alpha lipoprotein
HDL
What lipoprotein is about 50% lipid and 50% protein
HDL
What Lipo proteins transport cholesterol from the tissues to the liver for metabolism
HDL
What Lipo proteins viewed as the good cholesterol
HDL
Muscle or adipose tissue reduce the triglycerides to what substances for use as energy or storage of fat
Glycerol & fatty acids
Describe the lipoprotein level of a patient with a high risk for coronary atherosclerosis
Low levels of HDL and high levels of LDL
Describe a lipo protein levels of a patient with a low rates for coronary atherosclerosis
High levels of HDL low levels of LDL
What is the calculation for cholesterol ratio
Cholesterol/ HDL= HDL ratio
What is the calculation for LDL
LDL= tomato cholesterol-(HDL+ Trigs/5)
What cholesterol to HDL ratio indicates a high risk for coronary heart disease
5:1
True or false hyper hypo lipidemia can be due to inherited traits
True
True or false hyper/hypo lipidemia can you secondary to diabetes mellitus nephrosis biliary obstruction in metabolic disorders associated with endocrine disturbances
True
What lipid fraction has been shown to have a better correlation with risk atherosclerosis
LDL
Estimates cannot be used if triglyceride levels are over what value
400mg/dL
What can be found normally in Serum prior to the breakdown of triglycerides and can falsely increase the measured value of triglycerides
Glycerol
Endogenous glycerol represents the equivalent of less than________ in normal individuals and is not usually considered clinically significant
10
What method for the determination of triglyceride levels measure glycerol concentration following hydrolysis
Enzymatic Method
What is the most frequently use isolation technique for HDL
Polyanion solution with precipitation
Name at least three solutions that precipitate all major lipoprotein fractions except HDL
Dextran sulfate magnesium chloride Heparin magnesium chloride Sodium Phosphotungstate Polyethylene glycol
