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Chemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is defined as a group of organic substances that are in soluble in water but are soluble in organic solvent such as alcohol and ether

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Describe the exogenous is an Endogenous sources for lipids

A

Exogenous- dietary, animal fats and plant fats

Endogenous- synthesis in liver carbohydrates & protein

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3
Q

What are the three major serum lipids

A

Cholesterol triglycerides and lipoproteins

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4
Q

What is the principal steroid higher in animals

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

What are the functions of cholesterol

A

Component of cellular membranes precursor of bile acids and precursor of all steroid hormones

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6
Q

What types of taste you can synthesize cholesterol

A

Animal tissue

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7
Q

What percentage of cholesterol is synthesized in the body

A

50%

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8
Q

Cholesterol is a contributing factor to what health condition

A

Coronary heart disease

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9
Q

What is the term for a slow progressive disease in which a buildup of cholesterol plaque narrows the blood vessels restricting bloodflow and giving rise to clot formation

A

Atherosclerosis

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10
Q

What cholesterol source is more likely to be deposited in the vascular system

A

EXogenous cholesterol

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11
Q

What variables affect cholesterol normal ranges

A

Age diet and gender

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12
Q

True or false cholesterol increases with age

A

True

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13
Q

True or false females usually have higher cholesterol than males

A

False

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14
Q

What has the most important influence on a persons cholesterol levels

A

Genetics

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15
Q

What is the normal cholesterol value for children

A

<200 mg/dL

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16
Q

What is the normal cholesterol value for adults under age 30?

A

<220mg/dL

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17
Q

What is the normal cholesterol guys are adults age 30 to 60

A

<250mg/dL

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18
Q

What is the normal cholesterol for adults over 60?

A

250-300 mg/dL

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19
Q

What effect does hemolysis have on cholesterol results?

A

Falsely increases results

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20
Q

What affects does lipemia have on cholesterol results

A

Falsely increases results

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21
Q

What is a major form of fat found in nature?

A

Triglycerides

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22
Q

What lipids primary function is to provide energy to cells

A

Triglycerides

23
Q

What lipid provides padding and support for organs and insulation against cold

A

Triglycerides

24
Q

What highly efficient lipid provides 2.5 times more energy available when compared to protein and carbohydrates

A

Triglycerides

25
Q

What is the function of Lipo proteins

A

Carry lipid to body tissues

26
Q

What are the four major classes of Lipo proteins

A

Chylomicrons VLDL, LDL, HDL

27
Q

What lipoprotein major function is transportation of triglycerides

A

Chylomicrons

28
Q

What lipoprotein is 85% triglyceride 13% other lipids and 2% protein

A

Chylomicrons

29
Q

What lipoprotein is increased after meal ingestion causing the plasma to appear milky or cloudy

A

Chylomicrons

30
Q

What lipoprotein is also called prebatelipoprotein

A

VLDL

31
Q

What level protein is 90% lipid 10% protein

A

VLDL

32
Q

What lipoprotein is called beta lipoprotein

A

LDL

33
Q

What lipo protein is 75% lipid and 25% protein

A

LDL

34
Q

What lipoprotein transports cholesterol to the tissues

A

LDL

35
Q

What lipoprotein has a documentary correlation with coronary atherosclerosis

A

LDL

36
Q

What liipoprotein is called alpha lipoprotein

A

HDL

37
Q

What lipoprotein is about 50% lipid and 50% protein

A

HDL

38
Q

What Lipo proteins transport cholesterol from the tissues to the liver for metabolism

A

HDL

39
Q

What Lipo proteins viewed as the good cholesterol

A

HDL

40
Q

Muscle or adipose tissue reduce the triglycerides to what substances for use as energy or storage of fat

A

Glycerol & fatty acids

41
Q

Describe the lipoprotein level of a patient with a high risk for coronary atherosclerosis

A

Low levels of HDL and high levels of LDL

42
Q

Describe a lipo protein levels of a patient with a low rates for coronary atherosclerosis

A

High levels of HDL low levels of LDL

43
Q

What is the calculation for cholesterol ratio

A

Cholesterol/ HDL= HDL ratio

44
Q

What is the calculation for LDL

A

LDL= tomato cholesterol-(HDL+ Trigs/5)

45
Q

What cholesterol to HDL ratio indicates a high risk for coronary heart disease

A

5:1

46
Q

True or false hyper hypo lipidemia can be due to inherited traits

A

True

47
Q

True or false hyper/hypo lipidemia can you secondary to diabetes mellitus nephrosis biliary obstruction in metabolic disorders associated with endocrine disturbances

A

True

48
Q

What lipid fraction has been shown to have a better correlation with risk atherosclerosis

A

LDL

49
Q

Estimates cannot be used if triglyceride levels are over what value

A

400mg/dL

50
Q

What can be found normally in Serum prior to the breakdown of triglycerides and can falsely increase the measured value of triglycerides

A

Glycerol

51
Q

Endogenous glycerol represents the equivalent of less than________ in normal individuals and is not usually considered clinically significant

A

10

52
Q

What method for the determination of triglyceride levels measure glycerol concentration following hydrolysis

A

Enzymatic Method

53
Q

What is the most frequently use isolation technique for HDL

A

Polyanion solution with precipitation

54
Q

Name at least three solutions that precipitate all major lipoprotein fractions except HDL

A 
Dextran sulfate 
magnesium chloride
Heparin magnesium chloride
Sodium Phosphotungstate
Polyethylene glycol

Chemistry (8 decks)

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