Lipids Flashcards
What vitamins are lipids needed to synthesise?
A, D E and K
What are essential fatty acids?
We cannot make them, we must obtain them from our diet
What is the difference between Good Fats and Bad fats?
Good fats contain polyunsaturated fats, Bad fats contain saturated fats
What are Triacylglycerides?
Esters of fatty acids and glycerol
What are the main functions of Triacylglycerides?
Water insoluble so act as insulation and dietary fuel. Major component of adipose tissue.
What is the main function of phospholipids?
Make up the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
What are triglycerides broken down into?
Monoacylglycerol and 2 fatty acids
What are cholesterol esters broken down into?
Cholesterol and a fatty acid
What are phospholipids broken down into?
a fatty acid and a lysophospholipid
What do long chain fatty acid breakdown products form?
mixed micelles with bile salts
What are chylomicrons?
Carry repackaged lipids into blood via the lymphatic system
What does lipoprotein lipase do?
Hydrolyses triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
What are free fatty acids transported in?
Lipoproteins, with a serum albumin complex
What do LDLs do?
Carry cholesterol to tissues
What do HDLs do?
Carry cholesterol from tissues to liver for elimination
Where does beta oxidation of fatty acids happen?
Mitochondrial matrix
What happens in the Activation stage of Beta oxidation of fatty acids?
Fatty acids are activated to form Fatty acyl CoA in the cytoplasm
What happens in the Transport stage of Beta oxidation of fatty acids?
The carnitine shuttle takes Fatty Acyl CoA into the mitochondrion
What is the carnitine shuttle inhibited by?
Molnyl CoA
What happens in the Degredation stage of Beta oxidation of fatty acids?
Fatty Acyl CoA is dehydrogenated to form FADH2 and NADH. Tholysis then forms Acetyl CoA which feeds into the citric acid cycle
What does the beta oxidation cycle form?
1 Acetyl CoA, 1 NADH, 1 FADH2
When are ketone bodies made?
When glucose supplies are low/starvation
What are ketone bodies formed form?
Excess Acetyl CoA
Where does Ketogenesis occur?
Liver
