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Science for Medicine > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What vitamins are lipids needed to synthesise?

A

A, D E and K

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2
Q

What are essential fatty acids?

A

We cannot make them, we must obtain them from our diet

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3
Q

What is the difference between Good Fats and Bad fats?

A

Good fats contain polyunsaturated fats, Bad fats contain saturated fats

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4
Q

What are Triacylglycerides?

A

Esters of fatty acids and glycerol

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5
Q

What are the main functions of Triacylglycerides?

A

Water insoluble so act as insulation and dietary fuel. Major component of adipose tissue.

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6
Q

What is the main function of phospholipids?

A

Make up the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.

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7
Q

What are triglycerides broken down into?

A

Monoacylglycerol and 2 fatty acids

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8
Q

What are cholesterol esters broken down into?

A

Cholesterol and a fatty acid

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9
Q

What are phospholipids broken down into?

A

a fatty acid and a lysophospholipid

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10
Q

What do long chain fatty acid breakdown products form?

A

mixed micelles with bile salts

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11
Q

What are chylomicrons?

A

Carry repackaged lipids into blood via the lymphatic system

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12
Q

What does lipoprotein lipase do?

A

Hydrolyses triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol

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13
Q

What are free fatty acids transported in?

A

Lipoproteins, with a serum albumin complex

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14
Q

What do LDLs do?

A

Carry cholesterol to tissues

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15
Q

What do HDLs do?

A

Carry cholesterol from tissues to liver for elimination

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16
Q

Where does beta oxidation of fatty acids happen?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

17
Q

What happens in the Activation stage of Beta oxidation of fatty acids?

A

Fatty acids are activated to form Fatty acyl CoA in the cytoplasm

18
Q

What happens in the Transport stage of Beta oxidation of fatty acids?

A

The carnitine shuttle takes Fatty Acyl CoA into the mitochondrion

19
Q

What is the carnitine shuttle inhibited by?

A

Molnyl CoA

20
Q

What happens in the Degredation stage of Beta oxidation of fatty acids?

A

Fatty Acyl CoA is dehydrogenated to form FADH2 and NADH. Tholysis then forms Acetyl CoA which feeds into the citric acid cycle

21
Q

What does the beta oxidation cycle form?

A

1 Acetyl CoA, 1 NADH, 1 FADH2

22
Q

When are ketone bodies made?

A

When glucose supplies are low/starvation

23
Q

What are ketone bodies formed form?

A

Excess Acetyl CoA

24
Q

Where does Ketogenesis occur?

A

Liver

25
Q

What is also produced from Ketogenesis?

A

Acetone

Science for Medicine (24 decks)

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