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Science for Medicine > How Nerves work > Flashcards

How Nerves work Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 sub-divisions of the Nervous system?

A

The Brain, the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves

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2
Q

What does the soma contain?

A

The nucleus

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3
Q

What does the initial segment contain?

A

Information for making action potentials

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4
Q

What are the dendrites for?

A

A route for information from other neurones

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5
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Takes the action potential elsewhere

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6
Q

What is the typical resting membrane potential?

A

-70mV

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7
Q

What generates the resting membrane potential?

A

Sodium/Potassium pumps in the cell membrane

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of action potentials?

A

All or Nothing

Self-propagating

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9
Q

What are the properties of Graded potentials?

A

Decremental
Only transmit over short distances
Summating
Inhibitory or Excitatory

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10
Q

What channels open to allow an action potential to fire?

A

Voltage gated sodium channels

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11
Q

How does the cell repolarise?

A

Opening K channels

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12
Q

What must reach a certain threshold before firing an action potential?

A

A graded potential

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13
Q

What kind of neurones detect changes or sensory stimuli?

A

Afferent

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14
Q

What kind of neurones decide what to do about incoming stimulus?

A

Interneurones

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15
Q

What kind of neurones carry signals to effector tissues and cells?

A

Efferent Neurons

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16
Q

Why do large axons transmit signals faster?

A

Because resistance is decreased

17
Q

What is myelination formed out of in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

18
Q

What is myelination that isn’t formed in the CNS made of?

A

Schwann cells

19
Q

Why do myelinated cells transmit signals faster?

A

Because they are insulated

20
Q

What is an example of a disease that effects myelination?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

21
Q

What structure forms a synapse at a muscle?

A

Motor end plate

22
Q

What do the ACh receptors in a muscle lie on?

A

The sarcolemma

23
Q

What does the action potential trigger at the NMJ?

A

Calcium ion release

24
Q

What do Calcium ions release at the NMJ?

A

Acetylcholine

25
Q

What kind of potential always reaches threshold?

A

End plate potential

26
Q

what is the difference in potentials transmitted at the NMJ and the Neuronal synapses?

A

NMJ potentials are end plate potentials which always fire action potentials
Neuronal Synapse potentials can be fast or slow, and excititory or inhibitory.

Science for Medicine (24 decks)

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