Lipids

Question 1

what is the greek word for lipid and what does it mean

Answer 1

Lipos= fat

Question 2

what are lipids

Answer 2

groups of compounds that are not water soluble, they dissolve in fat solvents (ether, hexanes, alcohol)

Question 3

what are the parts of the “family of lipids” (5)

Answer 3

1. fats (animals) and oils (seeds, plants)
2. steroids/sterols
3. phospholipids/glycolipids
4. waxes
5. fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)

Question 4

what are triglycerides made up of

Answer 4

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 5

what type of bonds hold the fatty acids to the glycerol

Answer 5

ester bonds

Question 6

what breaks down triglicerides

Answer 6

lipase enzymes

Question 7

3 bodily functions of fats/oils

Answer 7

Cellular energy
Source of essential fatty acids
carrier for fat soluble vitamins during digestion

Question 8

how many calories are in 1 gram of fat

Answer 8

9 calories

Question 9

why are fats and oils considered a “cool form of energy”

Answer 9

because the give off little heat during digestion

Question 10

what type of nutrient gives off the most heat during digestion

Answer 10

fiber

Question 11

what is a “safer” form of extra calories: fats or grains

Answer 11

fats

Question 12

why are essential fatty acids needed

Answer 12

1. cant produce in the body

2. for healthy skin and coat

Question 13

3 types of essential fatty acids

Answer 13

1. linoleic acid
2. linolenic acid
3. arachidonic acid

Question 14

what 2 types of essential fatty acids do all animals need

Answer 14

linoleic

linolenic

Question 15

what is the fatty acid that cats need

Answer 15

arachidonic

Question 16

what is the disorder in pigs when they dont get enough fats and oils in the diet

Answer 16

parakeratosis

Question 17

3 functions of body fat (adipose tissue)

Answer 17

1. protection
2. insulation
3. Concentrated form of stored energy

Question 18

what is fat under the skin called

Answer 18

subcutaneous fat

Question 19

where is there internal fat

Answer 19

kidneys, pelvic area

Question 20

what can too much fat cause

Answer 20

a decrease in fertility
hinders cool down in horses
can affect appetite
harder on hooves

Question 21

how can you measure body fat on an animal

Answer 21

body condition scoring

Question 22

3 functions of fats and oils in feed before consumption

Answer 22

1. decrease sorting of ingredients by animals
2. reduction of dust/fines
3. tastes better (palatability)

Question 23

definition of Fat

Answer 23

1. solid @room temp
2. saturated
3. higher melting point

Question 24

definition of oils

Answer 24

1. liquid at room temp
2. lower melting point
3. unsaturated

Question 25

what type of fat do we get from cattle and from pigs

Answer 25

1. cows=tallow

2. hogs=lard

Question 26

difference between saturated and unsaturated

Answer 26

Saturated: all single bonds between carbons, carbons fully saturated with hydrogen, higher melting point

Unsaturated: double bonds between 2 carbons, not all carbons are saturated with hydrogen, lower melting points