Carbohydrates Flashcards
what is the most abundant dry matter in most animal feeds
carbs
3 functions of carbohydrates
- cellular energy
- Health and tone of digestive tract wall
- health microbe population in gut
2 types of simple sugars
- monosaccharides
2. disaccharides
2 types of monosaccharides
- pentoses (5 carbon sugars)
2. hexoses (6 carbon sugar
3 types of pentoses
- arabinose
- ribose
- xylose
4 types of hexoses
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
- mannose
what holds disaccharides together
glycosidic bonds
3 types of dissacharides
- sucrose
- maltose
- lactose
what makes up sucrose
glucose and fructose
what makes up maltose
glucose and glucose
what makes up lactose
glucose and galactose
enzyme that breaks down starch
amylase
how digestible are most simple sugars
98% digestible
what are oligosaccharides
intermediate length chains of 3-10 glucose units, created by partial breakdown (hydrolysis) of larger starch molecule
what is created when starch goes through a heat treatment
dextrins (which are sticky and used as adhesives
what are the 3 types of polysaccharides
- non structural
- soluble fiber
- glycogen
non structural polysaccharides
- storage forms of energy
- starch which is 1,000s of glucose units kept together by alpha glycosidic bonds which amylase cant break
good sources of starch in diet
- cereal grains
- corn, oats, wheat, barely, rice, roots, tubers
what percent of starch is digestible/fermentable
80-90%
what percent of starch is “resistant starch”
10-20% and passes in manure
Soluble fiber
when dried and ground, it interacts with water by forming a gel
ex: pectin
what is one treatment for sand colic
pysillium
what is pysillium
its from a grain husk and it helps treat sand colic
what percent of soluble fiber is fermtable
70-80%
