Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Principles of Nutrition > Digestion (Stomach and small intestine) > Flashcards

Digestion (Stomach and small intestine) Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what type of stomach do monogastrics have, and what is the name for this stomach in ruminants and in birds

A

glandular stomach, and it is the abomasum in ruminants and the proventriculus in birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the region of the stomach that is closet to the heart, and what does it produce

A

cardiac region

-produces mucus that protects the lining from acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the muscle called that is at the end of the esophagus and the entry way to the stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the region of the stomach that is right after the cardiac sphincter

A

esophageal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the middle region of the stomach called and what does it produce

A 
fundic area (fundus)
-digestive enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the region of the stomach that is below the fundus and what does it produce

A

pylorus

-mucus production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the muscle called that is the exit point of the stomach

A

pyloric sphincter muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the contents of the stomach called

A

chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 functions of stomach digestion

A
  1. temporary storage for consumed feed
  2. mixing action
  3. digestive enzymes from lining (gastric pits)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does the stomach provide temporary storage for consumed feed

A

folds in the lining allow stretching to accomadate larger meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes the mixing action in the stomach

A

peristaltic contractions

- mix contents and encourage feed exit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are 3 enzymes secreted from the lining of the stomach

A
  1. pepsin
  2. rennin
  3. lipase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what cells produce both pepsin and rennin enzymes

A

chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where are polypeptides and peptides absorbed

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how long does the coagulated milk caused by rennin stay in the stomach to improve digestive efficiency

A

8 to 12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does lipase break fats and oils into and how do fatty meals affect stomach contractions

A

breaks them down into free fatty acids and monoglycerides

- fatty meals slow stomach contractions for more efficient digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what digestion does NOT happen in the stomach

A

carb digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are 5 things that slow stomach activity and can actually inhibit digestion

A
  1. fear
  2. anxiety
  3. depression
  4. pain
  5. stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what activity can actually increase digestive efficiency

A

eating with friends

  • laughing
  • talking and thinking about food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are 2 other secretions produced by parietal cells

A
  1. hydrochloric acid

2. mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of HCL in the stomach

A

lowers pH of chyme to 2-3 to increase activity of stomach enzymes and to kill diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

function mucus and where is it produced

A

lines entire stomach and protects lining from acid

- produced in goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How much absorption happens in the stomach and what is abosrbed

A

very little absorption

- absorbs H20, alcohol and some minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the interior of the small intestine called

A

lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the first 12 inches of the SI called
duodenum
26
what happens in the duodenum
many digestive secretions
27
what is the middle section of the SI called and what happens there
jejunum | -digestion and absorption of end products
28
what is the last section of the SI intestine called and what happens there
ileum | -mainly absorption
29
what causes the inner lining of the small intestine to increase by 1000x
folds of tissue and villi
30
2 causes of villi damage
internal parasites | viral bacterial infections
31
what are atrophied villi
villi that have a loss of absorptive surface area
32
what are the 3 layers of the small intestine from outermost to inner most
1. tough connective tissue 2. muscle layer 3. mucosal cell layer
33
what can the tough connective tissue of the small intestine be used for when harvested from an animal
to make violin strings or sutures
34
what are 3 accessory digestive organs
1. liver 2. gallbladder 3. pancreas
35
What does the liver produce and where does it send it to
1. Produces bile | 2. continuously sends to gallbladder for temporary storage
36
What occurs when the body senses that fats/oils have been consumed
1. gallbladder contracts and sends bile to SI through bile duct
37
what does bile help do
digest fats/oils more efficiently
38
where does pancreatic juice enter the small intestine and through what duct
1. secreted into duodenum after a meal through the bile duct
39
what are the 4 important contents of pancreatic juice
1. sodium bicarbonate (pH 9-11) 2. Protease enzymes 3. Amylase 4. lipase
40
what does sodium bicarbonate do in the small intestine
1. neutralizes acidity of chyme | 2. enzymes in SI work best at higher/neutral pH
41
what 2 protease enzymes are secreted from the pancreas 1. what do they work on 2. what are the end products
1. trypsin 2. chymotrypsin - works on dietary proteins and polypeptides - end products are small peptides
42
Raw soybeans 1. what inhibitor does it contain 2. who do you not feed raw soybeans to 3. what can you do to destroy inhibitor 4. what can the rumen microbes do to the inhibitor
1. trypsin inhibitor 2. avoid feeding to young monogastrics 3. heat soybeans 4. rumen microbes can deactivate inhibitor
43
what are 2 other factors that can decrease digestibility of diet proteins
1. type of protein - keratin protein is not digestible 2. heat damaged feeds - heating higher than 140-160 degrees F
44
what is hydrolyzed feather meal
steam treated feathers under pressure breaks peptide bonds which increases digestibility of protein feed to hogs and poultry
45
where is the main site of starch digestion in monogastrics
small intestine
46
What does amylase break down and what does it break down into
1. breaks down starch | 2. breaks it into dextrins and maltose units
47
what 4 things can increase starch digestibility
1. steam flaking 2. decrease particle size (grind) - increases surface area 3. high moisture (18-30% moisture) 4. Genetic varieties
48
What does lipase from the pancreas break down and where do the end products go
1. breaks fats/ oils into Free FA's and monoglycerides 2. end products go into lymph -SI is main site of digestion of fats and oils in monogastrics
49
what do bile salts help digest more efficiently
1. fats and oils
50
how do bile salts help digest fats and oils
1. they are amphipathic and they prevent the fats and oils from clumping back together (emulsifiy) 2. this causes in increase of surface area and lipase activity
51
what do nutrients have to do in the small intestine with regards to microvilli
nutrients has to touch microvilli
52
what are the 3 disaccharidases produced in the brush border
1. sucrase 2. lactase 3. maltase
53
what disaccharidase do ruminants have very little of
surcrase
54
what happens if disaccharides are not digested in the SI in young animals
it goes to the large intestine and ferments which will cause gas build up
55
where do the end products from disaccharidases go after digestion
blood
56
when is lactase production and activity highest
right after birth - increase in milk consumption - lactase production decreases after weaning
57
what is another name for maltase
dextrinase
58
what 2 enzymes have low activity in newborns
amylase and maltase
59
what cant baby pigs digest very well from birth to 25 lbs
soybean meal and corn starch
60
what do baby pig pellets contain
1. dried whey (includes lactose) 2. dried blood plasma 3. dried egg
61
where does the last stage of protein digestion take place
small intestine and it goes into the blood
62
what is another enzyme produced in the brush boarder
1. peptidase
63
what organ do all nutrients go to when they go into the bloodstream after digestion
liver
64
what is the web like tissue attached to the abdominal wall called
mesentery

Principles of Nutrition (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions