LIPIDS Flashcards
What are the types of lipids? (2)
-triglycerides
-phospholipids
How are triglycerides formed? (1)
During a condensation reaction with glycerol and three fatty acids.
What is glycerol? (1)
An alcohol.
What are the bonds formed between a glycerol and three fatty acids called? (1)
Ester bonds.
How long are fatty acid chains? (1)
Between 14 and 22 carbon atoms long
What is triglycerides in terms of its water properties? (1)
Hydrophobic.
Why is triglyceride hydrophobic? (1)
Because of the hydrocarbon chains of the component fatty acids.
Where in a triglyceride does a condensation reaction happen, and where does the bond for? (2)
A bond is formed between the carboxyl group (-COOH) of fatty acid and one of the hydroxyl groups (-OH) of glycerol to produce monoglyceride.
What happens after the formation of monoglyceride? (1)
Condensation reaction is repeated to give a diglyceride.
What happens after the formation of a diglyceride? (1)
Condensation reaction repeats to form a triglyceride.
What are the types of fatty acid chains? (2)
-saturated fatty acid chains
-unsaturated fatty acid chains
What are the types of unsaturated fatty acid chains? (2)
-trans-unsaturated fatty acids
-cis-unsaturated fatty acids
What is a saturated fatty acid? (1)
One in which all the bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain are single covalent bonds.
What are unsaturated fatty acids? (1)
A fatty acid in which one or more pairs of adjacent carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain are linked by a double covalent bond.
If an unsaturated fatty acid has one double bond what is it called? (1)
A monounsaturated fatty acid.
If an unsaturated fatty acid has more than one double bond what is it called? (1)
A polyunsaturated fatty acid.
Why do unsaturated fatty acids have low melting points? (2)
Because they can’t pack close due to the kinks in the chains caused by the double bonds which makes them solid at room temperature.
What are trans-unsaturated fatty acids? (2)
-H atoms are opposite on chain
-natural therefore healthier
What are cis-unsaturated fatty acids? (2)
-H atoms are on the same side of the chain.
-are processed therefore are unhealthier (more like saturated fatty acid)
What is a phospholipid? (2)
Has a phosphate group, a glycerol and two fatty acids acid chains.
What makes a phospholipid both hydrophilic and hydrophobic? (2)
The phosphate head (compose of Botha phosphate group and a glycerol) are hydrophilic and thee fatty acid tails are hydrophobic.
What is a phospholipid in terms of water properties? (1)
Is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
What is a bilayer (1)
A single structure made of two layers of molecules usually used to describe the arrangement of phospholipids in a cell membrane.
