ENZYMES Flashcards
What is meant by enzyme specificity? (1)
enzymes are highly specific in their reaction, catalyse only one reactions or a very small group of highly similar reactions ‘recognises’ substrate molecules.
what is a catalyst? (1)
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is chemically unaffected by the reaction it catalyses.
what is the optimum temperature in enzymes for humans? (1)
37 degrees
what do enzymes do? (1)
lower the activation energy of a reaction.
what is meant by the activation energy? (1)
the energy barrier that must be overcome before reactants reach their temporary transition state.
what are the disadvantages of the lock and key model? (1)
studies show it is too simplistic (enzyme molecule does change shape)
what happens when molecules react? (1)
they become unstable intermediates but only momentarily whilst they come to their transition state.
what factors effect the rate of the reaction of enzymes? (4)
-temperature
-pH
-substrate concentration
-enzyme concentration
what is needed for a reaction to occur? (2)
-there must be successful collisions between two molecules
-must collide at the right angle and the right velocity
what is the lock and key model? (1)
the enzyme and substrate molecules have a fixed shape and the substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme (like a lock and key)
what is an example of a catabolic reaction? (2)
-digestion of complex foods
-break down of sugars in respiration
what are the properties of enzymes? (3)
-do not change the nature of the reaction they catalyse
-are effective in small concentrations
-remain chemically unchanged at the end of a reaction
what are anabolic reactions? (1)
in anabolic reactions, larger molecules are built up from smaller molecules.
what are the conditions for chemical reactions in the human body? (4)
-normal temperature
-neutral aqueous conditions
-low concentrations of reactants
what is an example of a anabolic reaction? (2)
-synthesis of proteins from amino acids
-synthesis of polysaccharides from simple sugars
what is a metabolite? (1)
used to describe any molecule involved in the reactions occurring in cells and organisms (involved in the metabolism)