Lipid Metabolism PPT (Part II)

Question 1

Synthesis of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA is primarily in _____.

Answer 1

Liver mitochondria

Question 2

The three ketone bodies produced are:

Answer 2

acetoacetic acid, B-hydroxybutyric, and acetone

Question 3

It is the overall accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood and in the urine.

Answer 3

Ketosis

Question 4

Ketone bodies in the blood

Answer 4

Ketonemia

Question 5

Ketone bodies in the urine

Answer 5

Ketonuria

Question 6

metabolic pathway by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA.

Answer 6

Ketogenesis

Question 7

Ketogenesis steps:

Answer 7

1. First condensation
2. Second condensation
3. Chain cleavage
4. Reduction

Question 8

overall accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood and urine

Answer 8

KETOSIS

Question 9

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Takes place in cell cytosol

Answer 9

Lipogenesis

Question 10

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Takes place in mitochondrial matrix

Answer 10

FA Degradation

Question 11

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

A multi-enzyme complex called fatty acid synthase catalyzes reactions.

Answer 11

Lipogenesis

Question 12

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Enzymes are not complexed and the steps are independent

Answer 12

FA Degradation

Question 13

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Intermediates bonded to acyl carrier protein (ACP)

Answer 13

Lipogenesis

Question 14

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

The carrier for fatty acid spiral is CoA

Answer 14

FA Degradation

Question 15

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Depends upon reducing agent NADPH

Answer 15

Lipogenesis

Question 16

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Dependent upon oxidizing agents FAD and NAD+

Answer 16

FA Degradation

Question 17

the starting material for lipogenesis

Answer 17

Acetyl CoA

Question 18

Acetyl coA needed for lipogenesis is generated in mitochondria, therefore it must first be transported to the _______.

Answer 18

cytosol

Question 19

_________________ helps transport acetyl CoA to cytosol indirectly.

Answer 19

Citrate-malate transport system

Question 20

Four reactions constitute the steps of chain elongation process:

Answer 20

1. Condensation
2. Hydrogenation
3. Dehydration
4. Hydrogenation

Question 21

Chain elongation:

Acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP condense together to form Acetoacetyl ACP

Answer 21

Condensation

Question 22

Chain elongation:

The keto group of the Acetoacetyl complex is reduced to alcohol by NADPH (B-Hydroxybutyryl ACP)

Answer 22

Hydrogenation

Question 23

Chain elongation:

Water is removed from alcohol to form an alkene (Crotonyl ACP)

Answer 23

Dehydration

Question 24

Chain elongation:

Hydrogen is added to alkene 3 to form saturated butyryl ACP from NADPH

Answer 24

Hydrogenation

Question 25

Second component of cell membrane

Answer 25

Cholesterol

Question 26

precursor for bile salts, sex hormones and adrenal hormone

Answer 26

Cholesterol

Question 27

Acetyl-CoA formed from fatty acids is further channeled in various different routes:

Answer 27

1. Oxidation in the citric acid cycle 2. Ketone body formation 3. Fatty acid biosynthesis 4. Cholesterol biosynthesis

Question 28

Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA: both lipids and carbohydrates supply acetyl CoA

Answer 28

Oxidation in the citric acid cycle

Question 29

Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA: Very important when imbalance between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

Answer 29

Ketone body formation

Question 30

Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA: the buildup of excess acetyl CoA when dietary intake exceeds energy needs leads to accelerated fatty acid biosynthesis

Answer 30

Fatty acid biosynthesis

Question 31

Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA: it occurs when the body is in an acetyl CoA- rich state

Answer 31

Cholesterol biosynthesis

Question 32

Hydrolysis of stored triacylglycerols in adipose tissue is triggered by hormones that stimulate _________.

Answer 32

cAMP

Question 33

Mayor decided to go on a diet as a result, he decided to eat only salad and water for the entire month and suddenly one day while he was peeing he saw blood in his urine. He went to a hospital and had a general check up & found out there's high ketone bodies present in his urine. What do you call this disease?

Answer 33

Ketonuria

Question 34

Which one is not a ketone body: a. Acetoacetic acid b. Acetone c. Beta hydroxybutyrate

Answer 34

A. Acetoacetic acid

Question 35

Where does the degradation of fatty acid takes place?

Answer 35

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 36

Acyl CoA will undergo oxidation & will become trans-enoyl CoA with the help of what enzyme?

Answer 36

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase