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Biochem 2.0 > Lipid Metabolism PPT (Part II) > Flashcards

Lipid Metabolism PPT (Part II) Flashcards

1
Q

Synthesis of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA is primarily in _____.

A

Liver mitochondria

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2
Q

The three ketone bodies produced are:

A

acetoacetic acid, B-hydroxybutyric, and acetone

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3
Q

It is the overall accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood and in the urine.

A

Ketosis

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4
Q

Ketone bodies in the blood

A

Ketonemia

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5
Q

Ketone bodies in the urine

A

Ketonuria

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6
Q

metabolic pathway by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA.

A

Ketogenesis

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7
Q

Ketogenesis steps:

A
  1. First condensation
  2. Second condensation
  3. Chain cleavage
  4. Reduction
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8
Q

overall accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood and urine

A

KETOSIS

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9
Q

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Takes place in cell cytosol

A

Lipogenesis

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10
Q

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Takes place in mitochondrial matrix

A

FA Degradation

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11
Q

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

A multi-enzyme complex called fatty acid synthase catalyzes reactions.

A

Lipogenesis

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12
Q

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Enzymes are not complexed and the steps are independent

A

FA Degradation

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13
Q

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Intermediates bonded to acyl carrier protein (ACP)

A

Lipogenesis

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14
Q

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

The carrier for fatty acid spiral is CoA

A

FA Degradation

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15
Q

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Depends upon reducing agent NADPH

A

Lipogenesis

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16
Q

LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:

Dependent upon oxidizing agents FAD and NAD+

A

FA Degradation

17
Q

the starting material for lipogenesis

A

Acetyl CoA

18
Q

Acetyl coA needed for lipogenesis is generated in mitochondria, therefore it must first be transported to the _______.

A

cytosol

19
Q

_________________ helps transport acetyl CoA to cytosol indirectly.

A

Citrate-malate transport system

20
Q

Four reactions constitute the steps of chain elongation process:

A
  1. Condensation
  2. Hydrogenation
  3. Dehydration
  4. Hydrogenation
21
Q

Chain elongation:

Acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP condense together to form Acetoacetyl ACP

A

Condensation

22
Q

Chain elongation:

The keto group of the Acetoacetyl complex is reduced to alcohol by NADPH (B-Hydroxybutyryl ACP)

A

Hydrogenation

23
Q

Chain elongation:

Water is removed from alcohol to form an alkene (Crotonyl ACP)

A

Dehydration

24
Q

Chain elongation:

Hydrogen is added to alkene 3 to form saturated butyryl ACP from NADPH

A

Hydrogenation

25
Q

Second component of cell membrane

A

Cholesterol

26
Q

precursor for bile salts, sex hormones and adrenal hormone

A

Cholesterol

27
Q

Acetyl-CoA formed from fatty acids is further channeled in various different routes:

A
  1. Oxidation in the citric acid cycle
  2. Ketone body formation
  3. Fatty acid biosynthesis
  4. Cholesterol biosynthesis
28
Q

Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA:

both lipids and carbohydrates supply acetyl CoA

A

Oxidation in the citric acid cycle

29
Q

Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA:

Very important when imbalance between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

A

Ketone body formation

30
Q

Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA:

the buildup of excess acetyl CoA when dietary intake exceeds energy needs leads to accelerated fatty acid biosynthesis

A

Fatty acid biosynthesis

31
Q

Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA:

it occurs when the body is in an acetyl CoA- rich state

A

Cholesterol biosynthesis

32
Q

Hydrolysis of stored triacylglycerols in adipose tissue is triggered by hormones that stimulate _________.

A

cAMP

33
Q

Mayor decided to go on a diet as a result, he decided to eat only salad and water for the entire month and suddenly one day while he was peeing he saw blood in his urine. He went to a hospital and had a general check up & found out there’s high ketone bodies present in his urine. What do you call this disease?

A

Ketonuria

34
Q

Which one is not a ketone body:

a. Acetoacetic acid
b. Acetone
c. Beta hydroxybutyrate

A

A. Acetoacetic acid

35
Q

Where does the degradation of fatty acid takes place?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

36
Q

Acyl CoA will undergo oxidation & will become trans-enoyl CoA with the help of what enzyme?

A

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Biochem 2.0 (10 decks)

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