Lipid Metabolism PPT (Part II) Flashcards
Synthesis of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA is primarily in _____.
Liver mitochondria
The three ketone bodies produced are:
acetoacetic acid, B-hydroxybutyric, and acetone
It is the overall accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood and in the urine.
Ketosis
Ketone bodies in the blood
Ketonemia
Ketone bodies in the urine
Ketonuria
metabolic pathway by which ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl CoA.
Ketogenesis
Ketogenesis steps:
- First condensation
- Second condensation
- Chain cleavage
- Reduction
overall accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood and urine
KETOSIS
LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:
Takes place in cell cytosol
Lipogenesis
LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:
Takes place in mitochondrial matrix
FA Degradation
LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:
A multi-enzyme complex called fatty acid synthase catalyzes reactions.
Lipogenesis
LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:
Enzymes are not complexed and the steps are independent
FA Degradation
LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:
Intermediates bonded to acyl carrier protein (ACP)
Lipogenesis
LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:
The carrier for fatty acid spiral is CoA
FA Degradation
LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:
Depends upon reducing agent NADPH
Lipogenesis
LIPOGENESIS VS FA DEGRADATION:
Dependent upon oxidizing agents FAD and NAD+
FA Degradation
the starting material for lipogenesis
Acetyl CoA
Acetyl coA needed for lipogenesis is generated in mitochondria, therefore it must first be transported to the _______.
cytosol
_________________ helps transport acetyl CoA to cytosol indirectly.
Citrate-malate transport system
Four reactions constitute the steps of chain elongation process:
- Condensation
- Hydrogenation
- Dehydration
- Hydrogenation
Chain elongation:
Acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP condense together to form Acetoacetyl ACP
Condensation
Chain elongation:
The keto group of the Acetoacetyl complex is reduced to alcohol by NADPH (B-Hydroxybutyryl ACP)
Hydrogenation
Chain elongation:
Water is removed from alcohol to form an alkene (Crotonyl ACP)
Dehydration
Chain elongation:
Hydrogen is added to alkene 3 to form saturated butyryl ACP from NADPH
Hydrogenation
Second component of cell membrane
Cholesterol
precursor for bile salts, sex hormones and adrenal hormone
Cholesterol
Acetyl-CoA formed from fatty acids is further channeled in various different routes:
- Oxidation in the citric acid cycle
- Ketone body formation
- Fatty acid biosynthesis
- Cholesterol biosynthesis
Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA:
both lipids and carbohydrates supply acetyl CoA
Oxidation in the citric acid cycle
Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA:
Very important when imbalance between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Ketone body formation
Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA:
the buildup of excess acetyl CoA when dietary intake exceeds energy needs leads to accelerated fatty acid biosynthesis
Fatty acid biosynthesis
Fate of fatty-acid Generated Acetyl CoA:
it occurs when the body is in an acetyl CoA- rich state
Cholesterol biosynthesis
Hydrolysis of stored triacylglycerols in adipose tissue is triggered by hormones that stimulate _________.
cAMP
Mayor decided to go on a diet as a result, he decided to eat only salad and water for the entire month and suddenly one day while he was peeing he saw blood in his urine. He went to a hospital and had a general check up & found out there’s high ketone bodies present in his urine. What do you call this disease?
Ketonuria
Which one is not a ketone body:
a. Acetoacetic acid
b. Acetone
c. Beta hydroxybutyrate
A. Acetoacetic acid
Where does the degradation of fatty acid takes place?
Mitochondrial matrix
Acyl CoA will undergo oxidation & will become trans-enoyl CoA with the help of what enzyme?
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
