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Biochem 2.0 > Carbohydrate Metabolism PPT > Flashcards

Carbohydrate Metabolism PPT Flashcards

1
Q

is the biochemical process by which food molecules, through hydrolysis are broken down into simpler chemical units that can be used by the cells for their metabolic needs.

A

Digestion

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2
Q

catalyze the hydrolysis of a-glycosidic linkages in starch

A

Salivary a-amylase

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3
Q

primary area for carbohydrate digestion

A

Small intestine

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4
Q

Digestion uses _______ for absorption.

A

Active transport

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5
Q

It’s in the stomach, it has no effect on digestion.

A

Gastric juice

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6
Q

It’s in the small intestine, and used for the hydrolysis of polysaccharides to disaccharides.

A

Pancreatic digestive enzymes

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7
Q

What are the 3 enzymes used for the Hydrolysis of disaccharides in the Intestinal Mucosal Cells?

A

Maltase, Sucrase, and Lactase

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8
Q

Breaks down polysaccharide into shorter segments

A

Pancreatic a-amylase

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9
Q

Enzyme involved in the finals step in carbohydrate digestion

A

Maltase, Sucrase and Lactase

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10
Q

THE PRIMARY SITE WITHIN THE HUMAN BODY WHERE CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION OCCURS IN THE _______.

A

SMALL INTESTINE

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11
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SUBSTANCE THE IS NEEDED FOR MONOSACCHARIDE TO ENTER THE BLOODSTREAM?

A. ATP
B. A-AMYLASE
C. SUCRASE
D. NOTA

A

A. ATP

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12
Q

THE METABOLIC PATHWAY BY WHICH GLUCOSE IS CONVERTED INTO 2 PYRUVATE, CHEMICAL ENERGY IN THE FORM OF ATP AND NADH- REDUCED COENZYMES ARE PRODUCED.

A

GLYCOLYSIS

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13
Q

A pathway by which glucose is converted into pyruvate, ATP is produced and NADH is reduced. Conversion of glucose to pyruvate is an oxidation process in which no molecular oxygen is utilized. NAD+ is the oxidizing agent.

A

Glycolysis

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14
Q

What are the three common fates of pyruvate generated by glycolysis?

A
  1. Aerobic conditions - Acetyl CoA
  2. Anaerobic conditions - Lactate and Ethanol
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15
Q

It is a common fate of pyruvate which is in humans, animals, and microorganisms.

A

Aerobic Conditions - Acetyl CoA

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16
Q

It is a common fate of pyruvate which is found in humans, animals, and some microorganisms.

A

Anaerobic conditions - Lactate and Ethanol

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17
Q

IS A BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS BY WHICH NADH IS OXIDIZED TO NAD+ WITHOUT THE NEED FOR OXYGEN

A

FERMENTATION PROCESS

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18
Q

_______ build up causes muscle soreness, cramping and fatigue.

A

Lactate

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19
Q

Enters to citric acid cycle - ETC

A

Acetyl CoA

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20
Q

RECYCLING OF NAD+, FPR STEP 6 GLYCOLYSIS

A

Lactate

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21
Q

BEER AND WINE

A

Ethanol

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22
Q

is the pathway by which glucose 6 phosphate is used to produce NADPH, ribose 5-phosphate and numerous other sugar phosphate

A

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

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23
Q

Synthesis of the Coenzyme NADPH needed in lipid biosynthesis

A

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

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24
Q

Production of ribose 5-Phosphate

A

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

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25
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Produced in the beta cells of the pancreas

26
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Promotes the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells

27
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Produces an increase in the rate of glycogenesis, glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis

28
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

A polypeptide hormone (29 amino acids)

29
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas.

30
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Functions when blood glucose level is low

31
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Functions to increase blood glucose concentration by speeding up the conversion of glycogen to glucose

32
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

AKA Adrenaline

A

EPINEPHRINE

33
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Released by the adrenal glands in response to anger, fear or excitement.

A

EPINEPHRINE

34
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Similar purpose with glucagon

A

EPINEPHRINE

35
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Primary target is muscle cells.

A

EPINEPRHINE

36
Q

HORMONAL CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

Also function in Lipid Metabolism

A

EPINEPHRINE

37
Q

What type of Diabetes Mellitus has complications of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, and foot ulcers.

38
Q

What type of Diabetes Mellitus has complications of kidney failure, pain in joints, damage of blood vessels, and diabetic retinopathy. Management of this includes physical activity, proper diet, anti-diabetic medications, and insulin therapy.

39
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)

A

Vit. B1
Thiamin

40
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme flavin mononucleotide (FMN)

A

Vit. B2
Riboflavin

41
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

A

Vit. B2
Riboflavin

42
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD1)

A

Vit. B3
Nicotinic acid

43
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP1)

A

Vit. B3
Nicotinic acid

44
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme coenzyme A (CoA)

A

Vit. B5
Pantothenic acid

45
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)

A

Vit. B6
Pyridoxine

46
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme pyridoxine-5’-phophate (PNP)

A

Vit. B6
Pyridoxine

47
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme pyridoxamine-5’-phosphate (PMP)

A

Vit. B6
Pyridoxine

48
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme biotin

A

Vit. B7
Biotin

49
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme tetrahydrofolate (THF)

A

Vit. B9
Folic acid

50
Q

B VITAMINS:

What vitamin has a coenzyme Methylcobalamin (Cobalt as the prosthetic group metal ion)

A

Vit. B12
Cyanocobalamin

51
Q

B VITAMINS IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

As NAD+ and NADH

52
Q

B VITAMINS IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

As FAD

A

Riboflavin

53
Q

B VITAMINS IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

As TPP

54
Q

B VITAMINS IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:

As CoA

A

Pantothenic acid

55
Q

chemical process that releases energy from organic compounds (food), gradually converting it into energy that is stored in ATP molecules

A

Cellular respiration

56
Q

What are the three stages involves in the cellular respiration?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Krebs Cycle
  3. Electron Transport Chain
57
Q

Energy used by all Cells

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

58
Q

Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

59
Q

It supplies you with energy by breaking the high-energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP.

60
Q

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Glycolysis occurs in the ___________.

61
Q

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Krebs Cycle and ETC take place in the ____________.

A

Mitochondria

Biochem 2.0 (10 decks)

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