Lipid Metabolism PPT

Question 1

precursors in synthesis of other compounds

Answer 1

Fatty acids

Question 2

fuels for energy production

Answer 2

Fatty acids

Question 3

substrates for ketone body synthesis.

Answer 3

Fatty acids

Question 4

_________ may be exported to other tissues: used for energy production.

Answer 4

Ketone bodies

Question 5

It’s an enzyme in the mouth, it has no effect on digestion.

Answer 5

Saliva

Question 6

It’s in the stomach, which produces small fat droplets (chyme).

Answer 6

Churning action

Question 7

An enzyme in the stomach which hydrolyzes some (10%) TAGs

Answer 7

Gastric lipases

Question 8

It solubilizes “droplets”

Answer 8

Bile

Question 9

An enzyme in the small intestine which produces monoacylglycerols, which form fatty acid micelles.

Answer 9

Pancreatic lipases

Question 10

“repackaged” into TAGs, which form chylomicrons.

Answer 10

Micelles

Question 11

Digestion in the stomach: causes a large physical change and it will produce this substance.

Answer 11

Chyme

Question 12

Chyme triggers _________ to release bile from gallbladder.

Answer 12

Cholecystokinin

Question 13

It transports micelles into the lymphatic system of the body.

Answer 13

Chylomicrons

Question 14

hydrolyze ester linkages between glycerol and FA units of TAGs

Answer 14

Pancreatic lipase

Question 15

Oil droplets will form spherical ______ shapes. Bile salts aid this process clumping fatty acids and monacylglycerols.

Answer 15

micelle

Question 16

Free fatty acids & monoacylglycerols are reformed into __________.

Answer 16

triacylglycerols

Question 17

TAGs are combined with membrane & water soluble proteins to form a _________, a lipoprotein

Answer 17

chylomicron

Question 18

carry TAGs from intestinal cells into bloodstream via the lymph system.

Answer 18

Chylomicrons

Question 19

________ are specialized cells that contain TAGs

Answer 19

Adipocytes

Question 20

________ contains large number of adipocyte cells

Answer 20

Adipose tissue

Question 21

are found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. st heat loss, Store energy, insulation again shock absorber for organs.

Answer 21

Adipocytes

Question 22

are metabolically very active: triacylglycerol constantly hydrolyzed & re-synthesized.

Answer 22

Adipocytes

Question 23

The breakdown of triglycerides by lipases is under __________

Answer 23

hormonal control of lipolysis

Question 24

Hormones involved in the hormonal control:

Answer 24

Epinephrin, glucagon, and insulin

Question 25

Enzymes that promote breakdown of fat (lipolysis)

Answer 25

Epinephrine & glucagon

Question 26

Enzyme that inhibits lipolysis

Answer 26

Insulin

Question 27

is the hydrolysis of TAGs stored in adipose tissue, followed by release into the bloodstream of the fatty acids and glycerol so produced.

Answer 27

Triacylglycerol mobilization

Question 28

Overall process of tapping the body’s triacylglycerol energy reserves (adipose tissue) for energy is called

Answer 28

triacylglycerol mobilization

Question 29

One glycerol formed for each TAG hydrolyzed. Enter bloodstream & go to ______ or ______ for processing

Answer 29

liver or kidneys

Question 30

It is the first step in glycerol metabolism.

Answer 30

Primary hydroxyl group is phosphorylated.

Question 31

Second step of glycerol metabolism

Answer 31

Oxidized to form a ketone

Question 32

Oxidation of fatty acids: 1. The fatty acid must be _____ by bonding to ______.

Answer 32

activated, coenzyme A

Question 33

Oxidation of fatty acids: 2. The fatty acid must be ______ into the mitochondrial matrix by a ________.

Answer 33

transported, shuttle mechanism

Question 34

Oxidation of fatty acids: 3. The fatty acid must be repeatedly _____, cycling through a series of four reactions, to produce ______, ______, and _____

Answer 34

oxidized, acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH

Question 35

The site for fatty acid activation.

Answer 35

Mitochondria

Question 36

It converts fatty acids to a high-energy derivative of coenzyme A.

Answer 36

Fatty Acid Activation

Question 37

FATTY ACID TRANSPORT: Fatty acids are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of _________

Answer 37

acyl carnitine

Question 38

A shuttle mechanism involving the molecule ________ effects the transport of acyl coA into the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 38

carnitine

Question 39

Repetitive series of four biochemical reactions that degrades acyl CoA to acetyl CoA by removing two carbon atoms at a time

Answer 39

BETA OXIDATION PATHWAY

Question 40

Produces FADH2 and NADH

Answer 40

BETA OXIDATION PATHWAY

Question 40

Produces FADH2 and NADH

Answer 40

BETA OXIDATION PATHWAY

Question 41

Steps in Beta Oxidation Pathway:

Answer 41

1. Oxidation 2. Hydration 3. Oxidation 4. Chain cleavage

Question 42

Beta Oxidation Pathway: Oxidation: Acyl CoA to ______.

Answer 42

trans-Enoyl CoA

Question 43

Beta Oxidation Pathway: Hydration: trans-Enoyl CoA to ________.

Answer 43

L-B-Hydroxyacyl CoA

Question 44

Beta Oxidation Pathway: Oxidation: L-B-Hydroxyacyl CoA to _______.

Answer 44

B-Ketoacyl CoA

Question 45

Beta Oxidation Pathway: Chain cleavage: B-Ketoacyl CoA to _______ and ______

Answer 45

Acyl CoA and Acetyl CoA

Question 46

C18 fatty acid produces how many acetyl CoA and repetitive sequence?

Answer 46

9 acetyl CoA and 8 repetitive sequences

Question 47

C14 fatty acid produces how many acetyl CoA and repetitive sequence?

Answer 47

7 acetyl CoA (6 repetitive sequences)

Question 48

The acetyl CoA produced enters the _______

Answer 48

CITRIC ACID CYCLE or KREBS CYCLE

Question 49

B-oxidation of 18:0 FA (stearic acid) produces a net of ___ ATP molecules

Answer 49

12

Question 50

2 ATP molecules are needed for activation of FA so net ATP produced is _____ molecules

Answer 50

120

Question 51

1 glucose molecule (6 carbon atoms) produces ______ ATP molecules

Answer 51

30

Question 52

3 molecules of glucose (18 C) produce _____ ATP

Answer 52

90

Question 53

______ produces 2.5 times more energy than glucose.

Answer 53

Stearic acid

Question 54

Skeletal muscle uses glucose (from glycogen) when in an ________

Answer 54

active state

Question 55

Skeletal muscle uses fatty acids when in a _______.

Answer 55

resting state

Question 56

________ depends first on fatty acids and secondarily on ketone bodies glucose, and lactate

Answer 56

Cardiac muscle

Question 57

The _______ uses fatty acids as the preferred fuel.

Answer 57

liver

Question 58

________ is maintained by glucose and ketone. Fatty acids cannot cross the blood–brain barrier and thus are unavailable.

Answer 58

Brain function

Question 59

The first step of the Krebs cycle involves the reaction between _____ and _______.

Answer 59

Oxaloacetate and Acetyl CoA

Question 60

Oxaloacetate concentration depends on _____ produced from glycolysis; pyruvate can be converted to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase.

Answer 60

Pyruvate

Question 61

When oxaloacetate supplies are too low for all acetyl CoA to be processed through the TCA cycle, _____ takes place where excess acetyl CoA is converted to ketone bodies.

Answer 61

Ketogenesis