Lipid lowering drugs Flashcards
Which organ synthesises lipids?
Liver
Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic
Cholesterol synthesised in the liver is reffered to as exogenous. True or false?
False - endogenous
Cholesterol from diet is referred to as exogenous. True or false?
True
Where is triglyceride synthesised?
Obtained from the diet or synthesised in the liver
What is the role of lipoproteins and what are they made from?
To transport lipids in plasma, solubilise them
They are made of lipids (TGs, cholesterol, phospholipids) and a protein called apolipoprotein
What is the role of apolipoprotein in lipoproteins?
It interacts with receptors on target cells
Where is the lipoprotein chylomicron made and what is its job?
In the gut (enterocytes)
It transports fats and cholesterol absorbed from the intestine
Which apolipoprotein do chylomicrons contain?
ApoB-48
Which apolipoprotein do VLDLs contain?
ApoB-100
What is the role of VLDLs and where are they made?
They are made in the liver
Transport TGs and cholesterol from the liver to tissue
When VLDLs transport TG and cholesterol to tissues, they lose TG to produce what?
IDL and LDL
IDLs are present at high concentrations. True or false?
False - low
Which apolipoprotein do LDLs have?
ApoB-100
Do LDLs have a high or low TG content?
Low
What is the role of LDLs?
Deliver cholesterol to tissues
Which apolipoproteins do HDLs have?
Apo-A1 and Apo-B2
HDLs have high TG content. True or false?
False - little/no TG
What is the role of HDLs?
Scavange cholesterol from tissues
What is dyslipidaemia?
When something is wrong with lipid levels in the blood
What is meant by hyperlipidaemia?
Excessive levels of plasma lipoproteins
What happens in type I hyperlipidaemia and what is the effect?
Chylomicrons elevated - no increased risk of atherosclerosis
What happens in type IIa hyperlipidaemia and what are the effects?
LDL elevated - high risk of atherosclerosis
What happens in type IIb hyperlipidaemia and what are the effects?
LDL elevated and VLDL elevated - high risk of atherosclerosis
Which type of hyperlipidaemia is a result of IDL levels being elevated and what effect does this have on risk of atherosclerosis?
Type III and there is moderate risk of atherosclerosis
What is type IV hyperlipidaemia?
VLDL elevated - moderate risk of atherosclerosis