Blood Flashcards
Blood is roughly 20% extracellular water. True or false?
True
What is plasma?
Fluid left after the removal of cells
What is serum?
Fluid left after removal of fibrinogen and haemostatic proteins
What is haematocrit?
Fraction of blood volume composed of erythrocytes
Erythrocytes are denser than other components in the blood. True or false?
True
What are the three proteins found in plasma?
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins
What is the most abundant single protein in plasma?
Albumin
Which protein component in plasma is important in blood clotting?
Fibrinogen
What are the most abundant cells in whole blood?
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Are thrombocytes smaller or larger than erythrocytes?
Smaller
Do platelets (thrombocytes) have a nucleus?
No
What is the average lifetime for an erythrocyte?
120 days
What is the average lifetime for a thrombocyte?
10 days
What is the process of erythrocyte destruction?
Lose cytoplasmic enzymes, as they circulate in blood and mechanical damage makes them fragile
Damaged cells filtered out by spleen
Cell fragments taken up by macrophages
What is haematopoiesis?
The formation of new blood cells to maintain blood tissue
Active haemopoietic marrow is found in all bones of adults. True or false?
False - all bones of children up to 5
After age of 20, where is active haemopoietic marrow found?
Sternum, vertebrae, ribs and pelvis
What stimulates differentiation of stem cells?
Haematopoietic growth factors
Bone marrow directly senses the need for more erythrocytes. True or false?
False
What is erythropoietin and where is it released from?
It is the HGF that stimulates erythrocyte production.
Certain cells in the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood.
What is anaemia?
A reduced oxygen carrying capacity in the blood
Anaemia is caused by a low haemoglobin concentration. True or false?
True
How would a medic detect anaemia?
A blood haematocrit of less than 40%
Destruction of bone marrow can lead to anaemia. True or false?
True
How can kidney disease lead to anaemia?
Failure to produce erythropoietin
What are the steps in response to blood vessel damage?
Vascular spasm
Formation of platelet plug
Blood coagulation
Formation of fibrous tissue
What happens in vascular spasm?
Instrinsic mechanisms trigger a constriction of vessels which increases resistance to blood flow
Vasoconstrictors released by damaged tissues and activated platelets
Less blood flows to area and so less blood is lost
What is the process of blood coagulation?
Polymerisation of fibrinogen into fibrin
Extrinsic pathway initiates clot formation and the intrinsic pathway maintains it. True or false?
True
Where are kupffer cells found and what is their role?
Liver - remove activated factors to prevent harmful clotting
