Anti-hypertensives Flashcards
At what point would you refer patient for immediate specialist treatment?
If BP is higher than 180/110
Mild hypertension is asymptomatic. True or false?
True
Where is ACE found?
In the lungs
What does ACE do in relation to bradykinin?
It breaks it down into BK1-7 - when ACE is blocked, bradykinin accumulates in the airways leading to vasodilation
What is bradykinin?
an inflammatory mediator in the lungs
If ACE is blocked what happens?
Vasodilation
A side effect of ACE inhibitors is bronchospasm. Why?
Because it leads to vasoconstriction in the bronchioles,
Bradykinin is a vasodilator - true or false?
True
What are the advantages of using angiotensin II antagonists instead of ACE inhibitors?
Don’t cause dry cough
Reduce salt/water retention
All ACE inhibitors dilate arteries only. True or false?
False - dilate veins as well as arteries
Which group of hypertensives interacts with grapefruit juice?
Calcium channel blockers
What class of drugs is prazosin?
a1 blocker
Dihydropyridines such as amlodipine are ________ selective CCBs
vascular
Benzothiazepines such as verapamil are _________ selective CCBs
Cardio
What are the three types of diuretics?
Thiazide
Loop
Potassium sparing
What are the side effects of loop diuretics?
Hypokalaemia
Effect hearing
Gout
Clonidine is an _____ agonist. It is a centrally acting drug and reduces CO and TPR
a2
Methyldopa blocks DOPA decarboxylase and increases levels of dopamine. True or false?
False - decreases dopamine
What is aliskiren’s mechanism of action?
highly potent and selective direct renin inhibitor
Hydralazine is a vasoconstrictor. True or false?
False - vasodilator
Which vasodilator is used as a last resort for severe and resistant hypertension?
Minoxidil
What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?
Hypokalaemia
Reduced insulin release
Erectile dysfunction