Lifestyle interventions for CVD Flashcards

1
Q

The most common manifestation of CVD in coronary heart disease. True or false?

A

True

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2
Q

Impaired glucose regulation is a risk factor for developing CVD. True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

Male gender is a risk factor of developing CVD. True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

What is the difference between primary prevention of CVD and secondary prevention?

A

Primary prevention - no evidence of CVD

Secondary - already have CVD

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5
Q

What is used to calculate CVD risk?

A

QRISK2

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6
Q

What is QRISK2?

A

A diagnostic tool that estimates the risk of developing CVD within the next 10 years

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7
Q

QRISK2 cannot be used for patients who have type 2 diabetes. True or false?

A

False - cannot be used for patients with type 1 diabetes

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8
Q

People who exercise regularly half half the risk of developing CHD opposed to those who are sedentary. True or false?

A

True

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9
Q

What is the recommended amount of exercise for children (5-18)?

A

60 mins of exercise a day plus strength activities three days a week

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10
Q

What is the recommended amount of exercise for adults (19-64)?

A

30 mins moderate exercise 5 days a week and strength exercises 2+ days

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11
Q

Fruit and veg intake of 5 servings per day reduces CVD risk by 30%. True or false?

A

True

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12
Q

What are the recommendations included in a cardioprotective diet?

A
Fat intake <30% than total energy intake
Sat fats <7% of total energy intake
4/5 portions of nuts a week
2 portions of oily fish a week
Reduce sugar
Eat 5 portions fruit/veg a day
Sat fats replaced by mono-sat and polyunsaturated
Dietary cholesterol <300mg a day
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13
Q

Diet can reduce cholesterol by 5%. True or false?

A

True

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14
Q

Statins are used to lower cholesterol in primary prevention if CVD risk is higher than ___% over 10 years

A

10

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15
Q

When starting statin therapy for primary prevention, the aim is to achieve a decrease in >40% of non-HDL cholesterol. True or false?

A

True

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16
Q

If patient is in category of obese 1, their median survival is reduced by how many years?

A

2-4

17
Q

I patient is in category of obese 3, their median survival is reduced by how many years?

A

8-10

18
Q

How is central obesity measured?

A

Waist circumference

19
Q

What is the name of the drug used in treatment of obesity?

A

Orlistat

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of orlistat?

A

Pancreatic lipase inhibitor - reduces fat absorption

21
Q

Orlistat is used with patients with a BMI of?

A

> 30

22
Q

Orlistat can be prescribed if patient has a BMI of >28 and other risk factors including?

A

Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Hypercholesterolemia

23
Q

Men over 65 who smoke 25 cigarettes a day have 5x risk of developing CHD. True or false?

A

True

24
Q

After stopping smoking for a year, the risk of heart disease is about half compared to a person who is still smoking. True or false?

A

True

25
Q

What is first line treatment for smoking cessation?

A

NRT

26
Q

24h nicotine patch is given to patients who suffer vivid dreams. True or false?

A

False - 16h patch

27
Q

24h patch given if patient craves nicotine first thing in the morning. True or false?

A

True

28
Q

When should buproprion (smoking) be started?

A

1-2 weeks before quit date

29
Q

Is aspirin recommended in primary prevention of CVD?

A

No - risks of bleeding outweigh benefits in primary prevention

30
Q

GPs and Pharmacists should perform NHS Health Check for people aged 40-74. True or false?

A

True