Linkers (preposition vs conjunction) Flashcards
Determine the part of speech of the word given and come up with an example of using it in a sentence
In spite of
Preposition.
In spite of the traffic we were able to come on time.
Although
Conjunction. Introduces the clause.
Although the traffic was terrible, we were able to come on time.
(even) Though
Conjunction. Can be used after the clause.
We were able to come on time. The traffic was terrible, though./Though the traffic was terrible, we were able to come on time.
While/whilst/whereas
Conjunction. Used to contrast clauses.
While nowadays English is obviously the most popular language internationally, the history knew other lingua francas.
Despite
Preposition.
Despite having spent almost 10 years studying English, I still make spelling mistakes.
However (1)
Conjunction, =but
I`ve spent almost 10 years studying English. However, I still make spelling mistakes.
However (2)
Conjunction, =no matter how
However hard I`ve tried, I still make spelling mistakes.
In case
Conjunction. =less likely than if
Let me write it down, in case I (should) forget.
CONDITIONAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!
As if
Conjunction. Hypothetical condition.
He presented the news so proudly, as if it was true. (but it wasn`t)
Like
Preposition. Comparison.
This flat is huge like a castle. (but the flat is not a castle)
As
Preposition.
She works as a waitress in a bar. (she is a waitress)
While
Conjunction. Temporal clauses, always Cont tenses.
While we were driving, it was snowing all the time.
During
Preposition.
During his visit to London he was planning to meet old friends.
Because/since/for/as
Conjunction. Reasoning.
I didnt want to do anything that day because/since/for/as I hadnt slept enough.
Because of
Preposition.
I didn`t want to do anything that day because of not having slept enough.
Since
Can be both preposition and conjunction. Time.
Since childhood Ive been able to play the guitar./Since I was a child Ive been able to play the guitar.
Unless
Conjunction. =if not
Unless you do your homework regularly, you can`t succeed.
CONDITIONAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!
Until
Conjunction. Temporal clause.
I`ll be working on this deck until I mention every difficult linker.
TEMPORAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!
Till
Can be both preposition and conjunction. Time.
Youll have to wait till tomorrow./Youll have to wait till I`m done.
TEMPORAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!
Before
Can be both preposition and conjunction. Time.
Before teaching I used to do business./Before I started teaching I used to do business.
TEMPORAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!
If (1)
Conjunction. Conditional clauses.
If I were you, I`d be more careful.
CONDITIONAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!
If (2)
Conjunction. Relative clause.
I have no idea if he will show up tonight.
Whether
Conjunction. Relative clause. Unlike if, can be used after prepositions.
You have different chances of getting hired depending ON WHETHER you live in a city of in a countryside.
That
Conjunction. Relative clause. Can be excluded from the clause.
I am absolutely sure (that) he will show up.
What
Conjunction. Relative clause. Cannot be excluded from the clause (coz is either subject ot object)
I have no idea what you were thinking about./I have no idea what came to your mind.
Without
Preposition.
I won`t come without her.
Due to
Preposition. Reasoning.
Due to being tired I wasn`t very successful with my homework.
Therefore
Conjunction. Reasoning. (=so)
I was tired, therefore wasn`t very successful with my homework.
Besides
Can be both preposition and conjunction. Adding.
Besides being able to play the guitar pretty well, he also was very sporty./He could play the guitar pretty well, Besides, he was very sporty.
Beside
Preposition. Space. (=next to)
They were sitting beside me in the bus.
Except for
Preposition. Excluding.
I liked everythhing except for the cake. (The cake I didn`t like)
Except
Can be both preposition and conjunction. Excluding.
They work every day except Sunday./I didn`t tell him anything except that I needed money.
In order to
Adverb. Verb follows. Purpose.
I wake up early in order to be on time for work./in order not to be late for work.
So that
Conjunction. Purpose.
I wake up early so that I`m not late for work.
