Linear motion, angular motion, fluid mechanics & projectile motion Flashcards
What is fluid mechanics?
The study of forces acting on a body travelling through the air or water
What is air resistance?
The force that acts to oppose the motion of a body as it travels through air
What is drag?
The force that acts to oppose the motion of a body as it travels through water
What direction does drag and air resistance work in?
In the opposite direction to the direction of motion of a moving body
Why do drag and air resistance need to be minimised?
In order to achieve the optimal performance
Name the factors affect air resistance and drag
Velocity
Mass
Frontal cross sectional area
Shape
Surface characteristics
How does velocity affect air resistance and drag?
The higher the velocity that greater the air resistance and drag
How does mass affect air resistance and drag?
The greater the mass the smaller the motion is changed by these forces
How does the frontal cross sectional area affect air resistance and drag?
The smaller the area that presents first to the force the lower the air resistance and drag
How does shape affect air resistance and drag?
The more streamlined and aerodynamic an object is the lower the air resistance and drag
How does surface characteristics affect air resistance and drag?
The smoother an object the lower the air resistance and drag
What is projectile motion?
The movement of a body through the air following a curved pathed under the force of gravity
What is a projectile?
A body that is launched into the air losing contact with the ground surface
What factors affect a projectile?
Speed of release
Angle of release
Height of release
How does the speed of release affect a projectile?
The greater the speed the greater the horizontal distance travelled
How does the angle of release affect a projectile?
Optimal angle 45 = greatest horizontal distance travelled
How does the height of release affect a projectile?
If the release height is higher than the landing height then the greater the horizontal distance travelled
What is a parabola?
A uniform curve symmetrical about its highest point
What is a parabolic flight path?
When the weight is the dominant force and the air resistance is lower
What is a non-parabolic flight path?
When air resistance is the dominant force and weight is lower
What flight path is taken if the resultant force arrow is closer to the weight arrow?
Parabolic
What flight path is taken if the resultant force arrow is closer to the air resistance arrow?
Non-parabolic
What is Bernoulli’s Principle?
The creation of an additional lift force on a projectile in flight resulting from Bernoulli’s conclusion that the greater the velocity of air flow the lower the surrounding pressure
How is a lift force created?
When there is fast air with low pressure on the top of the aerofoil and slow air with high pressure on the bottom of the aerofoil
How is downward lift force created?
When there is slow air with high pressure on the top of the aerofoil and fast air with low pressure on the bottom of the aerofoil
What is Magnus force?
A force created from a pressure gradient on opposing surfaces of a spinning body moving through the air
What is the magnus effect?
The creation of an additional Magnus force on a spinning projectile which deviates from the flight of the path
Name the 4 types of spin
Hook
Slice
Top
Back
What is a hook spin?
A side spin use to deviate projectiles flight path to the left
What is a slice spin?
A side spin used to deviate a projectiles flight path to the right
What is a top spin?
Creates a downwards Magnus force shortening the flight path
What is a back spin?
Creates an upwards Magnus forces, lengthening the flight path
How is a top spin created?
Top of the ball: airflow opposes the direction of the spin. This creates slow air and high pressure
Bottom of the ball: airflow in the same direction to the spin. This creates fast air and low pressure
How is back spin created?
Top of the ball: airflow in the same direction to the spin. This creates fast air and low pressure
Bottom of the ball: airflow opposes the direction of the spin. This creates slow air and high pressure
How is a hook spin created?
Left side of ball: airflow in the same direction to the spin. This creates fast air and low pressure
Right side of the ball: airflow opposes the direction of the spin. This creates slow air and high pressure
How is a slice spin created?
Left side of the ball: airflow opposes the direction of the spin. This creates slow air and high pressure
Right side of the ball: airflow in the same direction to the spin. This creates fast air and low pressure
